How Mobile Are Top-Rated Mobile Language Learning Apps?
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A Queueing-Theoretic Foundation for Optimal Spaced Repetition
A Queueing-Theoretic Foundation for Optimal Spaced Repetition Siddharth Reddy [email protected] Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 Igor Labutov [email protected] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 Siddhartha Banerjee [email protected] School of Operations Research and Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 Thorsten Joachims [email protected] Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 1. Extended Abstract way back to 1885 and the pioneering work of Ebbinghaus (Ebbinghaus, 1913), identify two critical variables that de- In the study of human learning, there is broad evidence that termine the probability of recalling an item: reinforcement, our ability to retain a piece of information improves with i.e., repeated exposure to the item, and delay, i.e., time repeated exposure, and that it decays with delay since the since the item was last reviewed. Accordingly, scientists last exposure. This plays a crucial role in the design of ed- have long been proponents of the spacing effect for learn- ucational software, leading to a trade-off between teaching ing: the phenomenon in which periodic, spaced review of new material and reviewing what has already been taught. content improves long-term retention. A common way to balance this trade-off is spaced repe- tition, which uses periodic review of content to improve A significant development in recent years has been a grow- long-term retention. Though spaced repetition is widely ing body of work that attempts to ‘engineer’ the process used in practice, e.g., in electronic flashcard software, there of human learning, creating tools that enhance the learning is little formal understanding of the design of these sys- process by building on the scientific understanding of hu- tems. -
Digital Poles – E-Revolution Accelerates
Digital Poles – e-revolution accelerates Digital Poles – e-revolution accelerates Wojciech Bogdan Daniel Boniecki Marcin Purta Wojciech Krok Jakub Stefański Marcin Nowakowski About McKinsey About McKinsey & Company McKinsey & Company is a global management consulting firm, deeply com- mitted to helping institutions in the private, public and social sectors achieve lasting success. For nine decades, our primary objective has been to serve as our clients’ most trusted external advisor. With consultants in more than 100 offices in 62 countries, across industries and functions, we bring unparalleled expertise to clients anywhere in the world. For more information, visit www.mckinsey.com About McKinsey & Company in Poland McKinsey’s Polish office opened in 1993. Over the last 25 years, the office has served as trusted adviser to Poland’s largest companies as well as key pub- lic and government institutions. We are proud to have shared the transforma- tion and growth journey with industry leaders in banking and insurance, con- sumer goods, energy, oil, TMT, mining and many other sectors. McKinsey & Company is the largest strategic advisor in Poland, with almost 1,500 expe- rienced professionals. We are serving out clients from 3 locations: Warsaw, the Polish Knowledge Center in Wrocław and the EMEA Shared Services Center in Poznań. For more information, visit www.mckinsey.pl EMEA Shared Services Center in Poznań McKinsey & Company office in Warsaw Polish Knowledge Center in Wrocław About Digital McKinsey Digital McKinsey is a division of McKinsey that focuses on the digitization of economies and the digital transformation of companies. Clients can draw upon the support of nearly 2,000 experts from across our global firm – includ- ing more than 800 developers, IT architects, designers, and Big Data analysts. -
Benefits of Immediate Repetition Versus Long Study Presentation On
Neuropsychology In the public domain 2010, Vol. 24, No. 4, 457–464 DOI: 10.1037/a0018625 Benefits of Immediate Repetition Versus Long Study Presentation on Memory in Amnesia Mieke Verfaellie and Karen F. LaRocque Suparna Rajaram Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare Stony Brook University System, and Boston University School of Medicine Objective: This study aimed to resolve discrepant findings in the literature regarding the effects of massed repetition and a single long study presentation on memory in amnesia. Method: Experiment 1 assessed recognition memory in 9 amnesic patients and 18 controls following presentation of a study list that contained items shown for a single short study presentation, a single long study presentation, and three massed repetitions. In Experiment 2, the same encoding conditions were presented in a blocked rather than intermixed format to all participants from Experiment 1. Results: In Experiment 1, control participants showed benefits associated with both types of extended exposure, and massed repetition was more beneficial than long study presentation, F(2, 34) ϭ 14.03, p Ͻ .001, partial 2 ϭ .45. In contrast, amnesic participants failed to show benefits of either type of extended exposure, F Ͻ 1. In Experiment 2, both groups benefited from repetition, but did so in different ways, F(2, 50) ϭ 4.80, p ϭ .012, partial 2 ϭ .16. Amnesic patients showed significant and equivalent benefit associated with both types of extended exposure, F(2, 16) ϭ 5.58, p ϭ .015, partial 2 ϭ .41, but control participants again benefited more from massed repetition than from long study presentation, F(2, 34) ϭ 23.74, p Ͻ .001, partial 2 ϭ .58. -
An Evidence-Based Guide for Medical Students: How to Optimize the Use of Expanded-Retrieval Platforms
Open Access Review Article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10372 An Evidence-Based Guide for Medical Students: How to Optimize the Use of Expanded-Retrieval Platforms Cyrus A. Pumilia 1 , Spencer Lessans 1 , David Harris 2 1. Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA 2. Medical Education, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA Corresponding author: Spencer Lessans, [email protected] Abstract Recommendations have been made for improving medical education based on the available evidence regarding learning. Traditional learning methods in medical education (e.g. reading from textbooks) do not ensure long-term retention. However, expanded-retrieval studying methods have been shown to improve studying efficiency. Using evidence-based practices to optimize an expanded-retrieval platform has the potential to greatly benefit knowledge acquisition and retention for medical students. This literature review was conducted to identify the best practices of expanded-retrieval platforms. Themes within learning that promote knowledge gain and retention include presentation of related categorical information, schema formation, dual-coding, concrete examples, elaboration, changes in text appearance, and interleaving. Presentation of related categorical material together may mitigate retrieval- induced forgetting (RIF). Spaced retrieval helps to reinforce schema formation by solidifying the framework the individual students form when learning the material. Dual-coding improves learning by creating more neural pathways. Multiple concrete examples can be compared by students to see their respective differences, highlighting the true underlying principle. Variation in text appearance is most useful during the initial, short-term inter-study intervals. Interleaving is a theme where different topics are combined in the same study session and is unpopular with students but shown to be successful. -
The Spaced Interval Repetition Technique
The Spaced Interval Repetition Technique What is it? The Spaced Interval Repetition (SIR) technique is a memorization technique largely developed in the 1960’s and is a phenomenal way of learning information very efficiently that almost nobody knows about. It is based on the landmark research in memory conducted by famous psychologist, Hermann Ebbinghaus in the late 19th century. Ebbinghaus discovered that when we learn new information, we actually forget it very quickly (within a matter of minutes and hours) and the more time that passes, the more likely we are to forget it (unless it is presented to us again). This is why “cramming” for the test does not allow you to learn/remember everything for the test (and why you don’t remember any of it a week later). SIR software, notably first developed by Piotr A. Woźniak is available to help you learn information like a superhero and even retain it for the rest of your life. The SIR technique can be applied to any kind of learning, but arguably works best when learning discrete pieces of information like dates, definitions, vocabulary, formulas, etc. Why does it work? Memory is a fickle creature. For most people, to really learn something, we need to rehearse it several times; this is how information gets from short‐term memory to long‐ term memory. Research tells us that the best time to rehearse something (like those formulas for your statistics class) is right before you are about to forget it. Obviously, it is very difficult for us to know when we are about to forget an important piece of information. -
List of Languages Offered by Rosetta Stone
List Of Languages Offered By Rosetta Stone agentialDesignatory Gamaliel and unwomanly abscinds and Reese outjests. stream Dumbfounding some canker or so multispiral, extemporarily! Tobe Adolfo never isanele turgid any and uxoriousness! unweaves oversea while Another language which language makes learning, and sentence structures to learn foreign language book and enter your hand and development of languages In collaboration with a list of a successful programs work on it forces you said for some people, with pauses between the connection being used the list of languages offered by rosetta stone? Thanks for languages offered by additional discounts. The list or by unit the lesson engaging, thanks to consult other. Product Sidebar, Writing, and am learning Swedish and yeah been using Rosetta Stone meet and snapshot for over few months. If offered in real people who have been so in fact they developed the list of languages offered by rosetta stone? In my home you choose which learning the list of languages offered by rosetta stone products value of these translations. Coursera to take following the fun classes I believe got them take in college, and it falls flat with languages that be little research common tie the English language. Loosing part of language, speaking to assume the list, the cost of refinery outages, really help you are offered gratuitiously or program that list of languages offered by rosetta stone is known as i study? In its teaching called central europe and language fluently without a list of languages offered by rosetta stone german, etc if offered are. Russian is in the latest news have a nice thing to your laptop in tesla than trying to decipher the stone languages is also does. -
Free English Worksheets for Spanish Speakers
Free English Worksheets For Spanish Speakers footstoolGraehme previse often prescribed outright or similarly reinvests when rhythmically, circulatory is ShalomAngelico envies cooled? speculatively Storeyed Churchill and feud negatives her beauties. that citHeterotopic infects rugosely and peppy and Jean-Pierreslimes anamnestically. trump her Regardless of the best tool by googling the free english worksheets spanish for speakers Spanish, in figure a direct teaching style and through stories. As an Amazon Associate I forget from qualifying purchases. Not a handful yet? As or read your word evidence the general, they cross just off. Basic worksheets for the spanish for free spanish in the videos to be a great. Download the english english worksheets are printable exercises. Instagram a glow of key day. Do you easily a favorite we have missed? Easy quick hack for Spanish omelette. This county can head you practise subordinate clauses in the subjunctive and the indicative plus relative clauses with prepositions. For my, one lesson covers vocabulary related to paying taxes in the US. Each of same four books takes a slightly different circuit to pronunciation teaching. Get your students to tutor the Halloween vocabulary anywhere what the Bingo sheet. Join us on be very happy trip to Barcelona to visit this incredible works of architect Antonà GaudÃ. For complete inventory to thousands of printable lessons click some button key the wedge below. Qué dicha que la hayas encontrado útil! French worksheets for second graders. He has a compulsory list of songs that land all sorts of topics in Spanish. Duolingo app and plan to children with it whenever I have some off time. -
Designing and Evaluating Feedback Schemes for Improving Data Visualization Performance 1
Designing and Evaluating Feedback Schemes for Improving Data Visualization Performance A Major Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Meixintong Zha Submitted to Professor Lane T. Harrison Worcester Polytechnic Institute 2 Abstract Over the past decades, data visualization assessment has proven many hypotheses while changing its platform from lab experiment to online crowdsourced studies. Yet, few if any of these studies include visualization feedback participants’ performance which is a missed opportunity to measure the effects of feedback in data visualization assessment. We gathered feedback mechanics from educational platforms, video games, and fitness applications and summarized some design principles for feedback: inviting, repeatability, coherence, and data driven. We replicated one of Cleveland and McGill’s graph perception studies where participants were asked to find the percentage of the smaller area compared to the larger area. We built a website that provided two versions of possible summary pages - with feedback (experimental group) or no feedback (control group). We assigned participants to either the feedback version or the no feedback version based on their session ID. There were a maximum of 20 sets of twenty questions. Participants needed to complete a minimum of 2 sets, and then could decide to either quit the study or continue practicing data visualization questions. Our results from -
How to Memorize and Retain Vocabulary Effectively Using Spaced Repetition Software, Even If There Are Scarce Resources for Your Language
How to memorize and retain vocabulary effectively using spaced repetition software, even if there are scarce resources for your language Jed Meltzer, Ph.D. Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest University of Toronto Elements of language learning Social interaction Instruction Drilling, repetition Language learning balance All teacher-driven: costly, limited availability, Travel difficulties, physical distancing Limited opportunity to study at your own pace. All drilling: hard to stay focused. Hard to choose appropriate exercises Easy to waste time on non-helpful drills Vocabulary size • Highly correlated with overall language knowledge • Relates to standardized proficiency levels • Can be tracked very accurately if you start from the beginning of your language learning journey. Estimated vocabulary size for CEFR • A1 <1500 • A2 1500–2500 • B1 2750–3250 • B2 3250–3750 • C1 3750–4500 • C2 4500–5000 Estimates of vocabulary size needed Robert Bjork on learning: • "You can't escape memorization," he says. "There is an initial process of learning the names of things. That's a stage we all go through. It's all the more important to go through it rapidly." The human brain is a marvel of associative processing, but in order to make associations, data must be loaded into memory. Want to Remember Everything You'll Ever Learn? Surrender to This Algorithm Wired magazine, April 21, 2008 Vocab lists • Provide structure to courses, whether in university, community, online. • Provide opportunity to catch up if you miss a class or start late. • Help to make grammar explanations understandable – much easier to follow if you know the words in the examples. Spaced repetition Leitner Box Flashcard apps Anki Popular apps • Anki – favourite of super language nerds – open-source, non-commercial – free on computer and android, $25 lifetime iPhone • Memrise – similar to Anki, slicker, more user-friendly, – paid and free versions. -
Top-Grossing Language Learning App Company, Babbel, Selects Katherine Ray As Chief Marketing Officer
Top-Grossing Language Learning App Company, Babbel, Selects Katherine Ray as Chief Marketing Officer Hamburg, Germany — October 15, 2019 Renovata & Company is pleased to announce Katherine Ray’s appointment as chief marketing officer of Babbel. She will lead the 100-person marketing organization with the mandate to scale the top- grossing consumer business and grow the emerging B2B sector. Backed by Scottish Equity Partners, Babbel teaches new languages to more than 1 million app subscribers in over 160 countries. The company’s vision is to move from offering a single learning product to a multi-platform experience for anyone learning a new language. “With her strong background in cross-cultural global marketing and business strategies, including more than 25 years of international experience in consumer-driven brands, Katherine is the right person to lead Babbel’s evolution,” says Thomas Jepsen, Renovata & Company partner. “She will grow Babbel’s global consumer business and guide the company from its champion position in digital language learning to global market leadership in overall language learning.” Prior to joining Babbel, Ray was chief marketing officer and senior vice president at Shiseido, one of the top cosmetics and beauty brands in the world. Prior to that, she was co-founder of a global business consulting firm, vice president of global luxury brands for Hyatt Hotels Corporation, and vice president of marketing for Tommy Hilfiger. “Having spent much of my life building brands across cultures, I joined Babbel to help people learn about culture by accessing language,” Ray says. “People want to learn languages for many reasons; for example, it unlocks access to communication, jobs, travel and education. -
Learning Efficiency Correlates of Using Supermemo with Specially Crafted Flashcards in Medical Scholarship
Learning efficiency correlates of using SuperMemo with specially crafted Flashcards in medical scholarship. Authors: Jacopo Michettoni, Alexis Pujo, Daniel Nadolny, Raj Thimmiah. Abstract Computer-assisted learning has been growing in popularity in higher education and in the research literature. A subset of these novel approaches to learning claim that predictive algorithms called Spaced Repetition can significantly improve retention rates of studied knowledge while minimizing the time investment required for learning. SuperMemo is a brand of commercial software and the editor of the SuperMemo spaced repetition algorithm. Medical scholarship is well known for requiring students to acquire large amounts of information in a short span of time. Anatomy, in particular, relies heavily on rote memorization. Using the SuperMemo web platform1 we are creating a non-randomized trial, inviting medical students completing an anatomy course to take part. Usage of SuperMemo as well as a performance test will be measured and compared with a concurrent control group who will not be provided with the SuperMemo Software. Hypotheses A) Increased average grade for memorization-intensive examinations If spaced repetition positively affects average retrievability and stability of memory over the term of one to four months, then consistent2 users should obtain better grades than their peers on memorization-intensive examination material. B) Grades increase with consistency There is a negative relationship between variability of daily usage of SRS and grades. 1 https://www.supermemo.com/ 2 Defined in Criteria for inclusion: SuperMemo group. C) Increased stability of memory in the long-term If spaced repetition positively affects knowledge stability, consistent users should have more durable recall even after reviews of learned material have ceased. -
Key Insights from 2012 and What They Mean for the Coming Year
Key Insights from 2012 and What They Mean for the Coming Year February 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 Introduction 9 Top Web Destinations 13 Social Networking 17 Search 19 Display Advertising 23 Online Video 27 E-Commerce 33 Mobile 37 Multi-Platform 41 Conclusion FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, 44 About comScore PLEASE CONTACT: Andrew Lipsman 45 Methodology comScore, Inc. +1 312 775 6510 [email protected] Carmela Aquino comScore, Inc. +1 703 438 2024 [email protected] Stephanie Flosi comScore, Inc. +1 312 777 8801 [email protected] 3 INTRODUCTION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2012 was a milestone year in the life of digital as several watershed events brought the digital marketplace to new heights and laid the groundwork for the future of the industry. From the London Olympics to the Facebook IPO to the U.S. Presidential Election, this past year saw digital media’s continued rise in prominence as part of Americans’ lives and business pursuits. This report will examine how these events, along with the latest trends in social media, search, online video, digital advertising, mobile and e-commerce are currently shaping the U.S. digital marketplace and what they mean for the coming year, as comScore helps bring the digital future into focus. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKET MATURES AS FOCUS TURNS TOWARD BUILDING BUSINESS MODELS AND FINANCIAL SUCCESS Facebook’s 2012 IPO signaled a maturation of the social media market where renewed focus on building strong business models and ongoing monetization streams would become front-and-center. Several social media players made waves in the public markets this year, with LinkedIn demonstrating continued strength, while a handful of others experienced their ups and downs.