Ann. Mus. civ. St. nat. Ferrara Vol. 8 2005 [2007] pp.49-54 ISSN 1127-4476 I

New species of Brazilian Green Lacewings genus Leucochrysa McLachlan, 1868 (Neuroptera Chrysopidae)

Sergio de Freitas

Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Dep. de Fitossani­ dade, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane sin, 14.884-900 - Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected] '

The Neotropical region has a very rich biodiversity on neuropteran insects, the Chrysopidae family being well represented by several genera and species, This study reports three new species of Leucochrysa, the largest genus in the familiy. Leucochrysa (Nodita) anae Freitas, L. (Nodita) ci­ dae Freitas, L. (Nodita) urucumis Freitas were found in diverse Brazilian ecosystems.

Key words - Chrysopid taxonomy, biological control, Bixa orellana, Urucum, Bahia State, Brazil.

Introduction nua present, arcessus large with a horn on the apex; pseudopenis absent. The Leucochrysa was described by McLa­ stalked eggs are a characteristic of green chlan (1868). Later, those specimens lacewings. Larvae gibbous body heavily which had a quadrangular intramedian cell covered by long setae (as the trash car­ were placed in Allochrysa by Banks riers aspect larvae). A good description of (1903); however, Navas (1917) synonymi­ the shape and the body morphology can zed Allochrysa with Leucochrysa and pla­ be found in Mantoanelli et al. (2006). They ced those specimens with a triangular in­ described the larval morphology of Leu­ tramedian cell into the genus Nodita. Bro­ cochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia. The Leuco­ oks & Barnard (1990) recognized the sub­ chrysa genus includes the subgenus Leu­ genus Nodita and Leucochrysa as parts of cochrysa and Nodita. The male and fema­ Leucochrysa genus based on their wing le genitalia, wing venation share signifi­ venation, the first one with triangular in­ cant characteristics like as (i) black spots tramedian cell and the other quadrangular. in the pterostigma (ii) gonarcus broad, Leucochrysa is represented in the Nearc­ transverse, gonocornua sometimes plate tic and Neotropical regions by 160 descri­ shaped, but always acute apex (iii) arces­ bed species (Brooks & Barnard, 1990), sus broad, large lateral lobes, dorsal crest Freitas & Penny (2001) added 23 new sometimes apical forked, ventral hook Brazilian species. hardly sclerotized. Therefore, they exhibit Leucochrysa green lacewings are a great body color intraspecific variation li­ small to large; the ground color is green; ke the spots dorsally distributed on the head, thorax and abdomen often marked thorax and abdomen. with red-brown spots; male genitalia: ti­ Important studies of Brazilian chryso­ gnum, gonapsis, median plate, entopro­ pids were made by Adams & Penny cessus and parameres absent; gonocor- (1987), which covered Chrysopini species; however, Leucochrysini were not discus­ Grants sed. The subgenus Leucochrysa (Nodita) FAPESP - Proc,: 2004/13785-7 contains about 183 described species and CNPq - 306656/2004-3 remains taxonomically as the most pro-

49 Proceedings of the IX International Symposium on Neuropterology blematic group (Freitas & Penny, 2001). tive characters the slender and curved This is a weakly known group as part of gonocornua and the sci erotized ventral the Neotropical fauna. Frequently species plate near the gonossacus. This characte­ such as L. (N.) camposi or L. (N.) cruenta­ ristic is not found in other species. The fa are collected in citrus orchards. It se­ spherical dark dorsal spots on the thorax ems that arboreal agroecosystems are are shared with the L. (N.) ictericus (Frei­ their favourite habitat. As there is little in­ tas & Penny 2001) and L. (N.) paral/e/a formation about the Leucochrysa fauna, (Freitas & Penny 2001), therefore their we have carried out studies in many diffe­ genital traits have significant differences. rent ecosystems in order to know the Bra­ Type - Male Holotype, deposited at Mu­ zilian species. This paper is a new contri­ seu de Zoolgia/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil, bution for the increasing of the knowledge labeled "BRA-BA-Vitoria da Conquista, of the Brazilian Leucochrysa species. 11-12-03, A.E.L. Ribeiro". Three new species are described and the drawings of genital traits are provided. This species is dedicated to Ana Eliza­ bete Lopes Ribeiro who enthusiastically Materials and methods collected the specimens and did the local faunistic study on chrysopids. For this study 69 adults were collected in Head - Yellow, frons and clipeus unmar­ Urucum (Bixa orellana L., (1753» (lipstick tree) ked (Fig. 1A, B); gena lightly brown; vertex crops from Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia State, with dark stripes converging antero­ Brazil (14 0 53' S, 400 48' W, alt. 915 m). medially between the antennae (Fig. 1A); The material was collected using mango jui­ antennal fossa dorsally dark. Maxillary and ce baited McPhail traps. The specimens were labial palpi pale. Scapes pale with diffuse dried and pinned. To study the wings, they were detached from the body and mounted on micro­ reddish brown spots laterally and medially; scope slides. Abdomens were macerated in pedicel pale; flagellum black (Fig. 1A). warm 10% KOH, stained with Black Chlorazol. Thorax - Pronotum yellow with red-brown After the study, wings were glued to a small stripes extended from the anterior to poste­ card on the pin below the specimen and the ab­ rior margins (Fig. 1 B); mesoprescutum pale domens were placed in small vials of glycerin below each specimen. Drawings were made u­ with red marks in the antero-Iateral margin; sing dissecting and compound microscopes with mesoscutum pale with dark red circular camera lucida attachments. Inked drawings we­ spot medially (Fig. 1A). Forewings: vena­ re then scanned, using Adobe Photoshop, and tion green except the costal and radial arranged into composite plates. crossveins which are black in the middle Types of designated new species will be part; inner and outer gradates black (Fig. deposited in the Museu de Zoologia/USP, Sao 1 C). Hind margin black. Length (1,73 cm): Paulo, SP, Brazil. Other examined material is width (0,63 cm), ratio 2,75. Hindwing vena­ deposited in the Sergio de Freitas Collection tion green except inner and outer gradates (CSF), Departamento de Fitossanidade, Uni­ versidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Sao black; hind margin black. Length (1,53 cm): Paulo. width (0,53 cm), ratio 2,8. The terminology used comes from Brooks & Abdomen - Pale green. Male genitalia: Barnard (1990). gonarcus thin, lateral arms small (Fig. 1 D); conical gonocornua inside curved; arces­ Systematic treatment sus long with a well developed median a­ pical horn, flanked by rounded lobes (Fig. Leucochrysa (Nodita) anae 1 E); gonossacus anteriorly sci erotized (Fig. 1 F), with long setae. Female genita­ Freitas, new species lia: spermatheca short, ventral impression Diagnosis - This species has as distinc- small (Fig. 1 H); subgenitalia with poste-

50 S. de Freitas - Three new Leucochrysa species from Brazil rior-Iateral lobes and without anterior­ of this species are a very broad gonarcus, medial projection (Fig.11). median long plate on the arcessus with a Other material examined - Brazil: dorsal forked process. Gonocornua plate Bahia: Vitoria da Conquista, 09 dezembro shaped is a character shared by few other 2003, A.E.L. Ribeiro (11 16¥ Paratypes) species, but the median dorsal forked pro­ cess on the arcessus is very distinctive. (CSF); 10 dezembro 2003 (96 10~? Para­ types) (CSF); 11 dezembro 2003 (8(1,' 29 Type - Male Holotype, deposited at Mu­ Paratypes) (CSF); 13 dezembro 2003 (2,:3 seu de Zoolgia/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil, la­ Paratypes) (CSF); 06 janeiro 2004 (2<:3' 1 ¥ beled "BRA-BA-Vitoria da Conquista, 09- Paratypes) (CSF). 12-03, A.E.L. Ribeiro". This species is dedicated to Maria Apa­ Leucochrysa (Nodita) cidae recida Castellani Boaretto who played an Freitas, new species important part in knowing the species of gre­ Diagnosis - The distinctive characters en lacewings in Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia.

c

Imm v

I

Imm

Fig. 1 - Leucochrysa (Nodita) anae, new species: A, Head and thorax in dorsal view; 8, Head and thorax in la­ teral view; C, Wings; D, Male genitalia in lateral view; E, Male genitalia in dorsal view; F, Male genitalia in frontal view; G, Male genitalia: gonossacus; H, Spermatheca; I, Subgenitalia. imc = intra median cell; i9 = inner grada­ tes veins; og = outer gradates veins; v = vela; vi = ventral impression; gsc = gonossacus; gc = gonarcus; arc = arcessus; gcn = gonocornua.

51 Proceedings of the IX International Symposium on Neuropterology

Head - Yellow, frons and clipeus unmar­ cm): width (0,58 cm), ratio 3,01. Hindwing ked; gena brown; vertex with dark stripes venation green except inner and outer gra­ converging antero-medially between the dates black; hind margin black. Length (1,45 antennae (Fig. 2A); maxillary and labial cm): width (0,48 cm), ratio 3,02. palpi pale. Scapes pale with lateral dark Abdomen - Pale green. Male genitalia: red stripes; pedicel pale with dark red gonarcus wide, lateral arms large (Fig 2C); spot; flagellum black. flattened gonocornua apically horked (Fig. Thorax - Pronotum yellow with red- brown 20); arcessus long with a well developed stripes extended from the anterior to poste­ median apical horn, flanked by rounded lo­ rior margins (Fig. 2A); mesoprescutum pale bes (Fig. 2E); median forked plate arise in the with red dark median spots; mesoscutum middle part of the arcessus (Fig. 20, 2F); go­ pale with dark red elliptical spot medially. nossacus with long setae (Fig. 2E). Female Forewings: venation green except the costal genitalia: spermatheca short, ventral impres­ and radial crossveins which are black in the sion small (Fig. 2G); subgenitalia with poste­ middle part; inner and outer gradates black rior-lateral lobes and a large anterior-medial (Fig. 28). Hind margin black. Length (1,75 projection (Fig. 2H).

ig B~~ arc gc imc~ plm

D

sd

Imm F . :"--, ...... '.'.'.'.".·."." .. .?;'...;.... ' .•...• Imm E~,'. . J/ ...... , ~~Ll'i2 '.' .•.•... ~'~,.... < ....• J area ~·::··~: ..i gse

Fig. 2 - Leucochrysa (Nodita) cidae, new species: A, Head and thorax in dorsal view; B, Wings; C, Male geni­ talia in dorsal view; 0, Male genitalia in lateral view; E, Areessus apex and gonosetae; F, median plate of arees­ sus; G, Spermatheea; H, Subgenitalia. ime = intramedian cell; ig = inner gradates veins; og = outer gradates veins; v = vela; vi = ventral impression; sd = spermatheeal duct; gse = gonossaeus; ge = gonareus; arc = arees­ sus; gen = gonoeornua; plm = median plate of areessus; area = areessus apex; ga = gonareus arm.

52 S. de Freitas - Three new Leucochrysa species from Brazil

Other material examined - Brazil: Type - Male Holotype, deposited at Mu­ Bahia: Vitoria da Conquista, 09 dezembro seu de Zoolgia/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2003, A.E.L. Ribeiro (6c) 10

Imm

D

gsc Imm

Fig. 3 - Leucochrysa (Nodita) urucumis, new species: A, Head and thorax in dorsal view; B, Wings; C, Male genitalia in dorsal view; 0, Male genitalia in lateral view; E, Female genitalia. imc = intra median cell; ig = inner gradates veins; og = outer gradates veins; vi ::: ventral impression; sd ::: spermathecal duct; a9 ::: accessory gland; gsc ::: gonossacus; gc ::: gonarcus; arc::: arcessus; gcn ::: gonocornua; ga ::: gonarcus arm.

53 Proceedings of the IX International Symposium on Neuropterology

Thorax - Pronotum yellow with red­ Acknowledgments brown stripes extended from the anterior to posterior margins; mesonotum without This project could not have been accompli­ marks or spots (Fig. 3A). Forewings shed without the extensive help provided by the (Fig. 3B): venation green except the co­ collecting efforts of Ana Elizabete Lopes Ribeiro stal and radial crossveins which are and the enthusiastic entomologist Maria Apare­ black in the middle part; radial sector cida Castellani BoareUo, from the Universidade apex black; inner (7) and outer (9) gra­ Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. dates black. Length (1,58 cm): width (0,57 cm), ratio 2,77. Hindwing venation green except inner (5) and outer (7) gra­ Literature cited dates green; radial sector apex black; hind margin black. Length (1,33 cm): Adams P. A. & Penny N. D., 1987 - Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part lIa. Introduction and Chrysopini. width (0,45 cm), ratio 2,95. Acta Amazonica, 15: 413-479. Abdomen - Pale green. Male genitalia: Banks N., 1903 - A revision of the Nearctic Chrysopi­ dae. Transactions American Entomological Society, gonarcus wide, lateral arms large (Fig. 29: 137-162. 3C); flattened gonocornua apically hor­ Brooks S.J. & Barnard P.C., 1990 - The green lace­ ked; arcessus long with a well develo­ wing of the world: a generic review (Neuroptera: ped ventro-median horn, flanked by Chrysopidae). Bulletin ofthe British Museum of Natu­ ral History, Entomology Series, 59: 117-286. rounded lobes; dorsally with a well deve­ Freitas S. & Penny N.D., 2001 - The green lacewings loped crest (Fig. 3D). Female genitalia: (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) of Brazilian Agro-eco­ spermatheca short, ventral impression systems. Proceedings of the California Academy of small, bursa convoluted and two thick Sciences, 52: 245-395. Mantoanelli E., Albuquerque G.S., Tauber C.A., & accessory glands (Fig. 3E). Tauber M.J., 2006 - Leucochrysa (Leucochrysa) varia Other material examined - Brazil: (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): larval descriptions, deve­ lopmental rates, and adult color variation. Annals of Bahia: Vitoria da Conquista, 09 dezem­ Entomological Society of America. 99(1): 7-18. bro 2003, A.E.L. Ribeiro (20 2Cf' Para­ McLachlan R., 1868 - A monograph of the British Neu­ types) (CSF); 10 dezembro 2003 (2Cf' roptera-Planipennia. Transactions of the Entomologi­ Paratypes) (CSF); 11 dezembro 2003 cal Society of London, 9: 145-224. Navas L., 1917 - Neue Neuropteren. Dritte serie. En­ (40' 5Cf' Paratypes) (CSF). tomologische Mitteilungen, 6: 274-282.

54 Bibliography of the Neuropterida

Bibliography of the Neuropterida Reference number (r#): 11951

Reference Citation: Freitas, S. de. 2005 [2007.??.??]. New species of Brazilian green lacewings genus Leucochrysa McLachlan, 1868 (Neuroptera Chrysopidae). in Pantaleoni, R. A.; Letardi, A.; Corazza, C. (eds.). Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Neuropterology (20-23 June 2005, Ferrara, Italy). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara 8:49-54.

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Notes:

File: File produced for the Bibliography of the Neuropterida (BotN) component of the Lacewing Digital Library (LDL) Project, 2012.