MAY 7, 1971 25 CENTS VOLUME 35/NUMBER 17

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

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Washington, D. C. Photo by Mark Satinofl San Francisco Photo by Ron Payne In Brief NEW EVIDENCE MAY REOPEN SOSTRE CASE: When counts charged against the Panthers to the jury. Sanford Martin Sostre was convicted of the sale and possession Katz, the first defense attorney to begin the summary, of marijuana and sentenced to 26 years in jail, there reviewed the facts concerning the cops' beating of Joan was only one witness against him-Arto Williams. Wil- Bird after her arrest Jan. 17, 1969, and called attention .liams recently went to Venice, Calif., where he entered a to such absurdities in the prosecution's case as the charg­ rehabilitation program for heroin addicts. Because of ing of 22 defendants (the original number) with posses­ his rehabilitation, Williams said, he had to be honest sion of a single weapon. with himself. As a result, he wrote to federal judge Con­ stance Baker Motley, informing her that his testimony JAYCEES TELL IT LIKE IT IS: Before the April 24 in the Sostre case was perjured. He had planted the mari­ turnout helped lay to rest the notion that students have juana supposedly purchased from Sostre on his own per­ abandoned politics, the U.S. Junior Chamber of Com­ THIS son, Williams confessed, at the request of the Buffalo, merce debunked such wishful thinking. In reporting the N.Y., police. Learning of the letter, the National Emer­ results of a 14-campus survey April 19, Jaycee president gency Civil Liberties Committee (NECLC) immediately Gordon B. Thomas said colleges and universities, "De­ WEEK'S sent an attorney to Venice where he took a sworn depo­ spite a deceptive calm," are "seething with unrest and sition from Williams. On April 20, New York attorney can explode at any moment. ... " MILITANT Dorian Bowman of Rabinowitz, Boudin and Standard, acting on behalf of the NECLC, filed a motion for a new KOREANS MARK ANNIVERSARY: On April 19, 11 trial on the basis of the affidavit from Williams. Argu­ years ago, student demonstrations in South Korea helped 3 Why Stokes quit ments on the motion were originally scheduled to be heard bring down the regime of dictator Syngman Rhee. This ·Newark teachers' strike April 29, but have now been put off until May 7, Bow­ year on April 19, 8,000 students demonstrated in Seoul, ended man told In Brief April27. demanding an end to the draft and military training 4 U. S~-China Ping-Pong and an end to press censorship. Ceylon blood bath SUTTON'S STOOGES HARASS WITNESS: As the trial date of Thomas Kevin Stewart approaches, Thomas Deng­ GAYS KICKED OFF CAMPUS: The Gay Liberation 5 Houston mayor attacks ler, key witness for the prosecution, has received death Forum, formed with 20 members as a class in the ex­ SWP threats from the Legion of Justice, the ultraright gang perimental college of the University of Southern Cali­ 8 New moves against of thugs with which Stewart is associated, headed by racist fornia last October, was denied recognition as a campus Prague socia_l ists attorney S. Thomas Sutton. Stewart's trial on felony group by the Board of Trustees last month. USC Pres.i­ Blanco held for 24 hours charges for his role in the armed assault on Young So­ dent John Hubbard said the trustees had a "moral and Israeli Panthers cialist Alliance and Socialist Workers Party offices in Chi­ legal" obligation to deny recognition. The Gay Libera­ cago in 1969 will come to court as soon as the state's tion Forum promised to take legal action on the basis Irish women attorney and judge who will hear the case finish another of its memb~rs' First Amendment rights. Arrests in Spain trial. The.state's attorney has shrugged off the outrageous 9 Indochinese women intimidation of Dengler as "empty threats." A spokesman NEW GAY CENTERS IN ·NEW YORK AND CHICAGO: discuss struggle for the Committee for Defense Against Terrorist Attacks_ New York City Gay Activists Alliance (GAA) will be 10 Special coverage: sharply criticized this official indifference April 17: "Once hosting a dance May 1 and every Saturday in May at April 24 again the activities of right-wing terrorists are being ig­ the group's new center, the Firehouse, 93 Worcester St. nored by Chicago law enforcement organizations." in Greenwich Village. The official opening will not be 16 Black nationalism and held until Gay Pride Week, June 20-27, when the entire white workers McLUCAS BAIL SET AT $60,000: New Haven Panther building has been all fixed up. To help on the fixing 17 Cairo, Ill., student conf. Lonnie McLucas has won the right to appeal his convic­ or for more information, call (212) 260-1370. The Chi­ Women discuss rape tion for "conspiracy to murder," but bail has been set cago Gay Alliance opens its new community center May 1 19 Rosa luxemburg on the at the impossible figure of $60,000. The defense committee with an open house from noon Saturday until 6 a.m. requests contributions be sent to: Lonnie McLucas Bail Sunday. The center is located at 171 W. Elm, or call meaning of May Day Fund, cfo Theodore Koskoff, 1241 Main St., Bridgeport, (312) 664-4708 or 944-8393. Postal negotiations Conn. stalled YOUTH CONFERENCE KNOCKS SODOMY LAWS: In 21 What auto workers want BERRIGAN JURY SEEKS NEW INDICTMENTS: The addition to coming out in favor of the right to abortion Philly transport strike Justice Department said April 20 it was calling additional and withdrawal of all troops from Indochina by the end witnesses in the case of the Harrisburg Six. in order to 24 Puerto Rican student of the year, Nixon's .carefully screened youth conference "supersede" the present indictment against the Rev. Philip in Estes Park, Colo., last month passed the following leaders arrested Berrigan and five others. The government "clarified" its recommendation: "Any sexual behavior between consent­ Manhattan CC student calling of 20 to 30 additional witnesses after Harrisburg ing, responsible individuals must be recognized and tol­ struggle Six defense attorneys had filed a motion asking Judge erated by society as an acceptable life-style." R. Dixon Herman to withdraw the subpoenas and suppress illegally acquired evidence leading to the subpoenas. De­ POSTSCRIPT ON MARY VECCHIO: In the April 9 In fense statements criticizing the subpoenaing· of additional Brief, we related Washington Post writer Haynes John­ 2 In Brief witnesses had assumed the government was illegally trying son's March 21 account of Mary Vecchio's ordeal upon 6 In Our Opinion to beef up the flimsy indictments already brought against returning to Opa Locka, Fla., after her parents had rec­ Letters the defendants, charged with "plotting" to kidnap Henry ognized her in the widely circulated photo of a slain Kent 7 Great Society Kissinger and blow up Washington, D. C., heating tunnels. student. (Vecchio is the woman kneeling by the body and Insurgent Majority The government's "clarification" does not alter the sub­ crying out.) The hate mail and ostracism she received 18 National Picket Line stance of defense charges. Judge Herman's acceptance of at home had led to her being placed in a juvenile home. the Justice Department's claim merely provides a loophole The April 21 Post carries a follow.up by Johnson, quot­ 20 In Review for Washington to replace a frame-up too hastily pieced ing some of the hundreds of letters sent oy civilized Ameri­ together with a more carefully tailored produc't. So far, cans to Vecchio via Johnson since his first article ap­ two of the additional witnesses have been charged with peared. We quote just one, from a 13-year-old in Teaneck, contempt. Ann Elizabeth Walsh was charged April 26 N.J.: "Dear Mary, I read the article and felt sick to my with civil contempt; Paul Couming had been charged sev­ stomach because anyone who shows even the slightest eral days earlier with criminal contempt. Buth individuals feeling for someone who gets senselessly shot down is were cited for refusing to answer the grand jury's ques­ not ... the disgusting names they called you. I just want tions. you to know that I myself and my parents and sister and thousands of other people ... sympathize with you BOSTON COPS BRUTALIZE MILITANT SALESPER­ a great deal. ... " SON: Bob Gebert, a graduate student at M. I. T., was THE MILITANT harassed by a heckler while selling The Militant April DALEY'S JUDGE GETS HEAVY: Joseph A. Power, a 22. When he turned his back on the individual, he was former law partner of Chicago Mayor Richard Daley VOLUME 35/NUMBER 17 tackled from behind. In attempting to run from his as­ and now the chief criminal court judge in the windy city, MAY 7, 1971 sailant, Gebert was seized by a cop, roughed up, arrested, slapped some stiff fines on the special investigator probing CLOSING NEWS DATE-APRIL28 handcuffed and taken to the station in a van. On the way the 1969 police slayings of Fred Hampton and Mark to. the station, Gebert was seriously beaten. This criminal Clark April 26. The fines for "contempt of court" were behavior was vigorously protested by Sarah Ulman, So­ levied in reaction to the investigator's charges that the Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS Technicol Editor: JON BRITTON cialist Workers Party candidate for Cambridge City Coun­ judge had interfered with the grand jury's probing of Business Manager: FLAX HERMES cil. the Panthers' deaths. A front-page story in the April 27 New York Times stated "there had been widespread re­ NEW YORK PANTHER CASE TO GO TO JURY: Both ports here that the grand jury had voted indictments Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., the state and the defense rested April 14 with all evidence against Cook County State's Attorney Edward V. Han­ 14 Charles Lone, New York, N.Y. 10014. Phone 243- presented in the "bombing conspiracy" frame-up trial rahan and other law enforcement officials in connection 6392 .. Second-doss postage paid at New York, N.Y. with the raid." Together with fining investigator Barnabas Subscription: domestic, S6 a year; foreign, S7.50. By of 13 Black Panthers in New York. The defense began first doss moil: domestic and Canada, S18.00, all other summing up its case April 20, and the jury will soon begin F. Sears, Judge Power agreed to hear a motion brought countries, S24.00. Air printed matter: domestic and its deliberations. Indicative of the kind of case the state by a police sergeant alleging that the jury was "tainted" Conodo, S26.00; Latin America ond Europe, S40.00; is trying to press is the fact that the judge, John Mur­ by the rumors and should be dissolved. Africa, Australia, Asia (including USSR), S50.00. Write for sealed air postage rates. Signed articles by con­ tagh, said April 19 he would. submit only 18 of the 30 -LEE SMITH tributors do '\ot necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 Open letter to Cleveland Black community On April 17, Carl Stokes, Black Dem­ politicians, for they recognize that the ocratic mayor of Cleveland, an­ Democratic and Republican parties nounced he is not seeking a third represent no one but the tiny minority term. Speaking to a liberal audience of white, wealthy bankers and busi­ in Oakland, Calif., the same day he nessmen. made his announcement, Stokes said The perspective of growing numbers he was convinced that "if the two of Black youth today is not one of major parties don't become more re­ legislative maneuvering and compro­ sponsive to people's needs, this coun­ mise, but one of resolute struggle for try will face an armed revolution." Black Studies departments on the cam­ Stokes indicated he plans to work for puses, for an end to the police oc­ the nomination of a "responsive" cupation of their high schools, for a presidential candidate in the 1972 decent job upon graduation and an elections. John Hawkins, the Socialist end to the racist hiring practices, for Workers Party candidate for mayor decent housing, hospitals and medical of Cleveland, prepared the following care in our communities, for Black open letter for mailing to a broad community control of the police, and range of Black organizations in Cleve­ for an end to the slaughter of Black land. men in a war that is in no way in our interest. Dear Sisters and Brothers, The announcement by Mayor Stokes And what they will recognize as a that he will not seek a third term in real leader of the Black community, office took many by surprise. as a real Black mayor, is totally de­ For several days after Stokes de­ pendent upon that perspective. For clared his intentions, the media were John Hawkins Carl Stokes them, a Black leader would not only filled with speculation as to whom he voice the interests of the Black com­ would endorse for mayor and with conditions, despite his declared inten­ and other oppressed nations across munity, but would be actively involved reactions of various people to his de­ tions. His refusal to run again stems the country how to go about "making in the struggles for control over the cision not to run. Yet nowhere did from his own recognition that he could it" in the system- and that system institutions in the community. He or any account seek out the fundamental not have done much more toward has been, and still is, the Democratic she would take the lead in organizing reasons behind his decision. alleviating these conditions, even if and Republican parties. Stokes did, and mobilizing the community in mil­ Stokes' refusal to run for reelection his term as mayor were extended for and still does, place his party and itant, mass demonstrations, boycotts represents the logical outcome of his another two years. And his own Dem­ the two-party system first. They, on and strikes in order to obtain our career as mayor. Since Stokes took ocratic Party let it be known long the other hand, continue to place his goals. And if elected mayor of Cleve­ office, mainly through the votes of ago that they were totally opposed people last. land or any other city, she or he would Black people, all public insitutions in to such an extension. Fortuantely, the road Stokes took turn the mayor's office into an orga­ the Black community, except the po­ For four years, Stokes has played is not the only road. A whole gener­ nizing center for the struggle, would lice, who managed to steadily increase the role of mediator between the needs ation of Black youth have lived expose the two-faced Democrats and their numbers, salaries and equipment, of Black people here in Cleveland and through the experiences of the 1960s, Republicans, would organizecommun­ have fallen victim to Cleveland's fi­ the Democratic-controlled City Coun­ have educated themselves with the ity councils, democratically elected, to nancial crisis. cil, which has no intention of meeting works of Malcolm X and have armed administer the institutions in our com­ Schools in the Black community con­ those needs. Stokes' reliance upon leg­ themselves with a different conception munity and would begin the organi­ tinue in a state of physical disrepair. islative maneuvering and compromise of how to achieve the liberation of zation of our own independent politi­ The hiring of new teachers to meet in the council doomed his efforts at our people, and of what Black lead­ cal party. the expanding needs of our commun­ reform to failure. His unswerving faith ers, including Black mayors, should I and the Socialist Workers Party ity has come to a near standstill. in the viability of "the system" and be and do in order to further the agree with the perspective of this new Buildings long vacant and dilapidated his unwillingness to chart a political struggle for liberation. To their minds, generation of militant, uncompromis­ when Stokes took office have yet to course wholly independent of the Dem­ the road to liberation lies in the or­ ing Black youth. Throughout my cam­ be demolished, posing a daily threat ocratic Party, locally and nationally, ganization of the Black community­ paign for mayor, I will be taking this of fire, disease and injury to all who has resulted in his adoption of a com­ on the campuses, in the high schools, perspective to sisters and brothers in live near them. Unemployment con­ promise, a halfway measure, the for­ in the shops, in the factories, wherever the entire Cleveland area. I urge you tinues to mount in our community, mation of a catchall for every stripe Black people are- by any means nec­ to support my campaign as the only spurred on by the recent layoffs of of Democratic and Republican liberal essary to take control of the institu­ campaign that voices and supports city workers. And the harassment of in the county, the twenty-first district tions that affect our lives out of the both the true thrust of our struggle political activists who, like Ahmed Democratic Caucus. hands of the Democratic and Repub­ for liberation- Black control of the Evans, seek to alter this situation, While Stokes proclaims that the lican party politicians and place it Black community- and the road we proceeds unabated. Democratic and Republican parties in the hands of the Black community. must take to achieve it- the organi­ During his four years as mayor, are not sacrosanct, he announces his To the minds of the new generation, zation of an independent, mass Black Stokes has done little to alleviate these intentions to show Blacks, Chicanos there can be no compromise with these political party. Newark teachers union wins contract By DERRICK MORRISON 17, a settlement more favorable to police brutality against Blacks at an ing teachers. NEWARK- The union-busting Board the NTU would probably have been April 7 school board meeting. The of Education finally signed a two-year reached- and much sooner. But as April 8 news conference held by B ara­ According to Clara Dasher, an Af­ contract with the Newark Teachers it turned out, it was the racial polar­ ka and others registered for the first rican-American who is a vice-president time a big breach between Gibson, of the NTU, the contract signed in­ Union here on April 18. ization- not the strength of the NTU cludes no wage increase for the first the first Black mayor of a major East­ The strike, which lasted 11 weeks, or the labor movement- that prompt­ year, but a $500 cost-of-living increase making it the longest work stoppage ed the worried administration of May­ ern city, and Black and Puerto Rican the second year. On binding arbitra­ in history by U.S. teachers, saw the community leaders who had supported or Kenneth A. Gibson to finally reach tion, which the board heatedly ob­ New Jersey AFL-CIO threaten a city­ a settlement. and organized his election. jected to, the agreement provides for wide general strike and witnessed a The peak of that polarization oc­ This threatened confrontation be­ a three-person panel in place of a sharpening of the polarization between curred when Imamu Amiri Baraka tween the Black and Puerto Rican com­ single arbitrator from the American the Black and white communities. (LeRoi Jones) and other community munities and the government forced Arbitration Association. This panel, Had the state labor bureaucrats had leaders demanded the resignation of Gibson and the board to shelve their the highest body for settling disputes enough spine to go through with a John L. Redden, the white police chief plans for busting the union. between the board and the union, will proposed general strike last March appointed by Gibson. This was over consist of one representative each from On April 14, three NTU leaders the board and union, and an agreed­ who had been jailed since March 4 upon person from the National Acad­ for violating an antistrike injunction emy of Arbitrators. were released. They were: Carole Dasher said that the NTU had com­ Memorial meeting set Graves, .NTU president; Frank Fio­ promised on the issue of nonprofes­ rito, executive vice-president; and Don­ sional chores. The union had wanted ald Nicholas, a vice-president. The these chores to be handled by teacher for Ruth Shiminsky aim of their release was to have them aides rather than by teachers. The participate in round-the-clock bargain­ new contract stipulates that in the sec­ Ruth Shiminsky, an activist in the revolutionary-socialist move­ ing with the board. ondary schools, teachers will be on ment since the mid-thirties, and a longtime member of the After much debate and a compro­ hall duty between classes, and in the Socialist Workers Party in Newark, died on April 27 after an mise proposal presented by Gibson elementary schools, teachers will es­ on television April 16, the board voted cort students from the building en­ extended illness. A funeral service was held the morning of 6 to 3 for settlement. The four Blacks trances to the classroom. April 29, at which Harry Ring, former editor of The Militant, and one Puerto Rican on the board spoke about her life and many contributions to the socialist had voted against a previous contract Items not in the old contract but movement. proposal. It was a switch of one Black present now, according to Dasher, are A memorial meeting for friends and comrades will be held and the Puerto Rican that passed a tests for sickle-cell anemia, draft coun­ settlement. seling in the high schools, and special Tuesday, May 4, 9 p.m., at 706 Broadway, 8th floor, New York. At the same meeting, the board re­ psychological testing for early primary scinded the suspension of 34 7 strik- Continued on page 22

THE MILITANT/ MAY 7, 1971 3 U.S., China warm up over Ping-Pong Peking's April 6 invitation to an measures. Nixon's concessions were also came on the eve of the massive the New York Times editors. On April American table-tennis team to visit small in comparison with what he had April 24 demonstrations was not last 16, they wrote: China came at a very convenient time already received from the Chinese on the New York Times' editorial "One area of special interest to the for the White House. leaders. writers, who said on April 15: United States would be Peking's readi­ Nixon's escalation of the war into Mao's overtures to Nixon are noth­ "The Chinese have been most oblig­ ness to help speed a negotiated settle­ Laos had resulted in a disastrous rout ing new. He made a broad hint even ing in their timing, since Premier ment of the Vietnam war.... " for the American-backed Saigon before the latter's inauguration. On Chou's words ... come just as the troops. The March 29 court-martial Nov. 26, 1968, Peking made its first spring push has begun for marches Nixon undoubtedly remembers that conviction of Lt. William Calley for bid by calling for resumption of dip­ on Washington by critics of Mr. Nix­ in 1954 the Maoists joined Moscow in war crimes in Vietnam had drawn lomatic contacts with the U.S. in War­ on's Vietnam policy. Premier Chou pressuring the Vietnamese to accept worldwide attention to the even greater saw. has done Mr. Nixon a good turn." the settlement cooked up by U.S. and guilt of U.S. war planners in the At that time the move appeared to The Pentagon. took advantage of French imperialism-the Geneva White House and the Pentagon. The be an opening bid against Moscow's this "good turn" to begin using seven­ Agreements- which led to the division April 24 antiwar marches were sched­ game of wheeling and dealing with and-one-half-ton antipersonnel bombs of Vietnam and laid the basis for U.S. uled to take place in a few weeks. Washington in atomic power politics on the Vietnamese. intervention. And in 1954, there were After months of hostile coverage, at the expense of China. Nixon was The timing of Mao's wooing of Nix­ not even any U. S. ping-pong teams even from the major media, the ad­ alert to the possibilities of playing on is significant in another regard. in China. ministration was able to point to a the two giant workers states off The view that Peking is, in fact, seek­ conspicuous diplomatic victory in against each other. ing a "peaceful coexistence" arrange­ Asia. The government of the People's Re­ ment with Washington, paralleling that Out of courtesy, the Chinese team "To the State Department," Harrison public of China has, of course, every of the Soviet Union, is given addition­ did not beat the Americans too badly. Salisbury wrote in the April 11 New right to seek normalization of diplo­ al substance by Mao's backing ofYah­ But despite the ping-pong losses, the York Times, "the invitation was a ma­ matic and trade relations with the im­ ya Khan's attempt to drown in blood end result promises to open up a new jor breakthrough, proof positive that, perialist countries of the West, includ­ the struggle of East Bengal. Washing­ and more profitable game for U.S. despite all the rhetoric and propagan­ ing the United States. But it is the ton and Peking are in a common imperialism. Whether or not Mao is da, there exists on the Chinese side, timing of Mao's current move that front, supporting the West Pakistani willing to do a repeat performance as on the American, a genuine and has special political significance. dictatorship's efforts to crush the Ben­ of 1954, it is clear that Nixon under­ persistent desire to break the long dip­ The Chinese regime made these lat­ gali people's fight for freedom. This stands Peking's approach as an as­ lomatic deadlock that has endured al­ est moves only two months after is­ joint stand against Bengali national­ surance that the Chinese will make most since the inception of the regime suing militant-sounding warnings ism shows how the narrow bureau­ no serious move to block another es­ of Mao Tse-tung on Oct. 1, 1949." against escalation in Indochina and cratic interests of the Mao regime can calation of the ·Indochina war. Only Washington was quick to recipro­ the invasion of Laos. This tended to coincide, at least temporarily, with 11 days after the invitation to the cate. A State Department official said undermine those warnings, and at the those of American imperialism. ping-pong team, on April 17, Gen. on April 9 that American oil com­ same time bolstered Nixon's efforts From the imperialist point of view, Creighton Abrams, the American panies had been told exploration of to counter the effects of the defeat in there could not be a more opportune commander in Vietnam, hinted pub­ deposits in the East China Sea was Laos and the Calley scandal. moment to search for areas of further licly at another U. S.-Saigon invasion "inadvisable." The fact that Peking's concession cooperation, something else noted by of Laos. The next day, the Chinese govern­ ment, for the first time in 22 years, admitted three U.S. reporters to cover the ping-pong team's visit, and follow­ ing that, granted New York Times correspondent Tillman Durdin a month-long visa. Premier Chou En-lai said that ''batches" of reporters would be allowed in the future. In his April 14 remarks to the ping­ pong players, Chou hinted at even bigger things, telling them he had nev­ er visited the United States. His speech to the players, reported by Associated Press, contained a clear message to Nixon: "In the past, exchanges between the peoples of China and the United States have been very numerous. They have been cut off for a long time. Now, with your acceptance of our invitation, you have opened a new page in the relations of the Chinese and American people. I am confident that this be­ ginning again of our friendship will certainly meet with the majority sup­ port of out two peoples." Quick to acknowledge the sudden friendliness emanating from Peking, Nixon announced on the same day, April 14, a relaxation of the trade This photo of a student lathe worker at Tsinghua University was taken during embargo on "nonstrategic goods," an recent trip by U.S. Ping-Pong team to China. Gaining entry to China for the easing of currency restrictions that prohibit the sending of dollars to first time in 20 years, American reporters were generally impressed with China, and several related economic what they saw. Ceylon regime resorts to terror The Bandaranaike regime in Ceylon cow Communist Party; and two lead­ "Bodies of young men presumably Many of the rebels have been shot has turned to the wholesale use of ers of the ex-Trotskyist Lanka Sarna killed by policemen and soldiers have in cold blood after being captured. terror- including the torture and ex­ Samaja Party, Colvin R. de Silva and been seen floating down rivers in "Once we are convinced prisoners are ecution of youthful rebel prisoners­ Bernard Soysa. The government groups of twos and threes toward the insurgents, we take them to the cem­ after weeks of fighting have failed to claims this group is working to "en­ sea near Colombo for the last week," etery and dispose of them," Lt. Col. restore the government's authority sure the rehabilitation of the captives Sterba wrote. "Some of them were de­ Cyril Ranatunga said, according to over large areas of the country. and detainees." This was revealed as capitated and others were riddled with an AP dispatch reported in the April On April 18, the Associated Press a lie by New York Times correspon­ bullets, their wrists bound behind their 20 Washington Post. reported that army officers were ex­ dent James P. Sterba in an April 24 backs." ecuting captured prisoners if they were dispatch, sent from Singapore to by­ At least 1,200 young insurgents While the government claims that believed to belong to the outlawed pass the Ceylon government's censor­ have been slain, reported the New a nationwide coordinated insurrection Janatha Vimukhti Peramuna (JVP), ship. York Times April25, and widespread was planned, the first reported act of or People's Liberation Front, called "Ceylon's outnumbered and unpre­ arrests continue. According to Sterba, violence was an isolated incident- the "Che Guevarists" by the press. pared police force and army have re­ ''More than 3,000 young suspects have March 6 "attack" on the -U. S. embas­ The government's special committee sorted to mass arrests, torture, execu­ been arrested so far, and informants sy in Colombo- which could only to "reestablish civil authority" issued tions, and other terror tactics in at­ close to the police say a decision has have served to warn the authorities a hasty denial on April 19. This tempting to put down young, well­ been made not to release those be­ if there had been a real conspiracy. seven-member body is heavily weight­ organized armed insurgents who at­ lieved to be innocent for the time be­ This "attack," which the government ed with representatives of Bandara­ tacked more than 100 police posts ing, because if they had been sub­ attributed to a non-existent group naike' s ''left-wing" coalition partners­ three weeks ago and continue to hold ject to harsh treatment by the police called the ''Mao Youth Front," is gen­ including Housing Minister Pieter dozens of villages and sizable por­ they might spread word of it and erally believed to have been an act Keuneman, the head of the pro-Mos- tions of the CO\lntryside.. create more sympathy for the rebels." Continued on page 18

4 Boaslon mayor aHacksSWP By TRAVIS BURGESON the past several weeks, as indicated HOUSTON- Houston Mayor Louie by some of the questions directed at ' Welch officially launched a witch-hunt candidates. When Paul McKnight was attack against the Socialist Workers asked if it were true that he had been Party April 22 at a City Council meet­ in Cuba, he said, "Of course. This is ing where representatives of the SWP a matter of public record. Our cam­ were. present to protest police.methods paign literature records this fact, and in investigating the March 12 bomb­ I have given numerous public speech­ ing of the Pathfinder Bookstore and es concerning my trip to Cub a. SWP Campaign headquarters. Debbie Leonard explained to the Welch resorted to the anticommunist, City Council that Lt. Singleto.n red-baiting tactics of FBI Director J. "seemed hardly concerned with his Edgar Hoover by reading portions '10 doubts' during the course of his from that agency's report on radical investigation, since, during interviews organizations, presented before the with the CID, I was never questioned House Internal Security Committee by them on most of the points enu­ (HISC). It said the electoral cam­ merated in the. report." paigns conducted by the SWP were Leonard further pointed out that the only "covers" for their "un-American" report continued to be circulated, even designs. after numerous incidents of Klan ha­ Debbie Leonard, SWP candidate for rassment, visits by Klansmen to the mayor of Houston, had appeared ·be­ SWP headquarters, and acknowledge­ fore the Houston City Council to de­ ment of right-wing responsibility for mand that they censure Lt. Singleton terrorism in Houston by Klan Grand of the Houston Police Criminal In­ Dragon Frank Converse had been re­ telligence Department ( CID) for his ported to the police. attempts to prejudice the news media and, consequently, the public, against She charged, "The Houston Police Leonard and the SWP. Department seems unable or unwilling NF08WBSLI On. Tuesday, April 20, Leonard was to come up with the real criminals informed by a reporter .for Pacifica in this bombing and previous right­ Radio KPFT that he had received a wing terrorist attacks. We demand an report from Lt. Singleton, during an end to CID's circulation of rumors, interview, which was extremely preju­ distortions and falsehoods regarding QA5UKffiTGDO& dicial to herself and to Paul McKnight; myself and other members and sup­ SWP candidate for City Council. The porters of the SWP and our campaign. report is on a letterhead which reads: Mayor Welch has often stated that "City of Houston Police Department he feels that opening .the police and Intelligence Report." It is dated March arson division records on these acts

24,1971. > of terrorism and holding an open, Wouldn't you like to see an The specific points under the report public hearing would result in .a are as follows: 1) "Debbie Leonard 'witch-hunt.' I would like .to ,ask the complained about police making calls. honorable mayor what he considers these type styles every Call received at 8:54. Dispatch 8:58." Lt. Singleton's method of operation; 2) "In her conversation with news if not a witch-hunt. media at the scene, her statement ap­ "We demand that the Houston Police week in the MILITANT? peared to have been prepared in ad­ Department stop using its supposedly vance. Newsmen commented on this." objective position for political pur­ THEY ARE ONLY A FEW OF THE 100 STYLES THAT 3) "None of their office machines were poses, and tend to the business of damaged." 4) "She came to Houston in halting the wave of right-wing terror­ WILL BE IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE TO US WHEN WE November, 1970, from Seattle, Wash., ism which threatens the civil liberties PURCHASE OUR NEW PHOTO TYPOSITOR. HELP MAKE where, during the time she was there, of every Houstonian. Seattle had many, many bombings." "It has recently come to light that THE MILITANT LOOK EVEN .BETIER THAN IT NOW 5) "Two of her closest friends were the Army and the FBI have been DOES BY GIVING TO THE MILITANT IMPROVEMENT charged with attempting to bomb violating the rights of numerous po­ FUND. ROTC building. They were released litical figures and other citizens on, and jumped, $50,000 bond." 6) through their extensive surveillance "Since she left Seattle, it had only two methods. The public outcry against · The response from our readers has been very good since we launched minor bombings." 7) "She and her these activities have made it clear that husband rlln for office in Seattle. He the American people condemn such our $5,000 fund appeal three weeks ago. We need this sum in order ran for mayor and she ran for Sen­ police-state methods. Now we find in to purchase two labor- and time-saving machines that will help . ate." 8) "She refused to take lie detector Houston that· the Police Department, us meet the increasing opportunities to expand our circulation and test. So did Paul McKnight." 9) "Paul by such procedures as circulating this improve our coverage and appearance: a photo typositor and a McKnight went to Cuba in February report, is part of an effort to intimi- Cheshire labeling machine. The labeling machine will automate of 1969 for three or four weeks; 13 ' date a legitimate political party run­ others went, two of which are in Hous­ ning candid'ates for public office." the present outmoded process of individually stamping each sub­ ton now-Mareen Jasin and either a Following Leonard's · statement to scriber's name and address onto The Militant by hand. Joel or Jon Britton." 10) "In Seattle, the council, Mayor Welch proceeded By April 26, we had received $1,584.25. Of this, $584.25 was the favored bomb of the white revo­ to read from the HISC report of Dec. donated by 73 readers in amounts ranging from 25 cents to $50. lution was a pipe bomb, filled with 14, 1970, quoting from SWP literature, Special thanks, however, go to Don Upton of Detroit for his generous black powder." the report stated the SWP is "an avow­ In her statement to the City Council, edly Trotskyist-Communist group contribution of $1,000. "I was thinking of investing it in other ways," Leonard said, "The only point left which stands for 'a new radicaliza­ he explained, "but I decided this would be the best investment." out here is point 11- 'Therefore, they tion of the working class leading to We are sure more of our readers will feel this way and will be bombed their own campaign head­ a revolution that will end the alien inspired to follow this example. If you are not able to contribute quarters.'" The report is .dated March rule of the government of money and 24 and has been in circulation since establish a new government of the $1 ,000, don't let that deter you from sending in whatever you can. that date. people.'" Welch stated his opinion that Any contribution, no matter how small, will be greatly appreciated. In a statement to Houston media, this report justified the police surveil­ We have set the goal of raising the remainder of the $5,000 within following the .City Council meeting, lance of the SWP. the next three weeks. We still have more than halfway to go. Please Singleton acknowledged responsibility In an interview with the Houston be as generous as possible. Send in your contribution today. for the report which bore his initials. Chronicle following the council meet­ When asked where he had obtained ing, Leonard said, "We make no ef­ I want to help expand and improve The Militant. this information, Singleton replied, fort to conceal our socialist program. "This came strictly out of my We're much more open about where Enclosed is my contribution of (circle): head.... " and represented his "10 we stand than Mayo'r Welch is." She $1Name ,000 ______$500 $1 00 $50 $20 $1 0 $5 Other: $ __ doubts" about the bombing of the charged that Welch's attack "plays into SWP headquarters. The report, or sub­ the hands of right-wing terrorists who Street·------~-- stance of it, has been in use by some would relish a witch-hunt against the City State Zip ______reporters in the Houston media for political left." Militant Improvement Fund 14 Charles Lane, New York, N.Y. 10014

THE MIUTANT/ MAY7, 1971 5 Letters

In Our Opinion Christopher St. Day proposed bill is cut, the Democrats I wish to tell you how much I ap­ would be given a political issue for preciate the excellent coverage you the 1972 elections. have given to the gay liberation An additional factor holding up the movement in. recent issues. Perhaps legislation is cost. Medical costs are April24 after the April 24 demonstration you rising at an annual average rate of would consider doing ari article on 15 percent. Since no health bill so The massive outpouring on April 24 in San Francisco and Washington, D. C., the ·upcoming June 27 mass dem­ far proposed would become effective was a magnificent display of unity against the Vietnam war and expressed onstration of the gay community, until July 1973, the whole medical­ the growing confidence of the antiwar forces that we genuinely represent the which may be the largest all-gay cost factor could be radically changed sentiments of the vast majority of Americans. demonstration ever, with parades in upward before· any insurance plan Dozens of contingents in both cities-- women, Black, Chicano, veterans, GIs, New York, Los Angeles and Chicago became law. . and celebrations in other locales. To The health industry is getting ready unions, Asian-Americans, Palestinians, Puerto Ricans, Native Americans, Iranians, get information about the mobiliza­ to assure itself a bonanza, just as it religious organizations, gay people, professional groups, and political parties-­ tions, contact: Christopher Street did before Medicare and Medicaid came from all over the country. Many of them organized their own buses, car­ Liberation Day Committee, 247 West went into effect in 1966. The health ried their own banners, and wore their own buttons representing their own special lOth St., Apt. 2F, New York, N.Y. of the nation, unless it provides a interests and concerns. 10014. high rate of profit for the medical RS.S. industry, is considered unimportant. In both cities, the number of workers mobilized by unions, marching under Los Angeles, Calif M.S. union banners, was far greater than ever before. New York, N. Y. In San Francisco, the Chicano, women's and gay contingents were the largest LeHuce boycott Northern California demonstrations of these groups under their own banners ever. I am afraid you seriously, if unin­ GE insults women In Washington, tens of thousands of women wore the United Women's Con­ tentionally, misled people with your The following is from a letter sent tingent buttons and there was greater Black participation than ever before. .gtatement that the lettuce boycott was to all female employees at General All of these diverse forces, while asserting their special identities, were. over ("In Brief," April 9). This is Electric: "This is National Secre­ the same kind of rash statement the taries Week and today, Wednesday, able to mobi Iize and join together around the common demand addressed to capitalist press. has been making April 21, has been designated as the Nixon administration-- Out Now! The Apri I 24 actions showed that this since the confusion over the United Secretaries Day! On behalf of all issue deeply affects aII strata of American society-- that it is clearly the centra 1 . Farm Workers Organizing Commit­ the officers and managers here in question of world and American politics today. tee-Teamster pact began. headquarters, we salute each female The enthusiasm with which the demonstrators saluted the antiwar veterans The pact is nothing more than a on this day.... jurisdictional agreement between the "The flower·which accompanies and Gls reflected the growing response of the American people to the dem­ Teamsters and UFWOC, under which this letter is a token of our apprecia­ onstrations, news reports, and TV panels in which Vietnam veterans are speak­ the Teamsters agree to release farm tion for the excellent support each of ing out sharply and honestly against the war. These veterans are awakening workers from sweetheart contracts you gives to the continuing success the American people to the realization that they genuinely speak for the ma­ now held with lettuce growers and of our business." jority of GIs. generally to withdraw themselves The general assumption of the from the affairs of UFWOC. If they letter was, of course, that all fe­ The knowledge of having won this powerful ally inspired the demonstrators do not accomplish this within a 30- males employed by GE were secre­ to cheer the Gls and veterans and contributed to the sense of self-confidence day period ending May 1- and there taries. I sent them the following re­ expressed at both demonstrations. is little hope that they will- boycott­ ply: Now, when there is growing revulsion against the horrendous war crimes ing of Teamster-label lettuce will re­ "In the light of recent struggles of Calley and his superiors up to the White House, the Vietnam veterans and sume. Boycotting of non-Teamster by women to view thems.elves as scab lettuce has never been baited. intelligent human beings capable of Gls opposed to the war embody the higher morality that millions of Americans Even if the Teamsters do succeed achieving more than just a secretary are beginning to identify with. There is not only outrage at the immorality in fulfilling all the terms of the pact, or housewife status, I consider your of taking American youth and attempting to turn them into numb murderers, there will still be a long and strenu­ letter and 'token' gift of appreciation but also an increasing horror at the slaughter of countless Vietnamese, Cam­ ous battle ahead for the huelgistas an insult to any woman employed bodians and Laotians. There are now mi II ions of Americans who are no longer before they win the right of con­ at General Electric. . . . tracts through their own union. The "We are not children and are tired willing to be desensitized by the racist rationale that the mass killing of South­ boycott is far from over. of being addressed in such a manner. east Asians by bombings and artillery is somehow not so bad because they Niki Goncharoff We are tired of tokenism- token jobs are only ngooks" or 11 Siants." Seattle, Wash. and token gestures. To equate Na­ When the Nationa I Peace Action Coa I ition, supported by the Student Mobi Iiza­ tional Secretaries Week with a gen­ tion Committee, issued the call for the April 24 action last December--before Nat'l health insurance eral recognition of all women only underscores the peripheral place and the Laos rout and the outrage surrounding the Calley trial--they stood virtually The whole idea of national health insurance is already becoming a debased image women have and are alone. political football for the' 1972 elec­ struggling so hard to overcome. This The farsightedness of NPAC and the SMC was shown by the fact that their tions. is the epitome of the lack of under­ view. of the character of the action accurately corresponded to and was decisive On March 6 it was announced in standing of the progressive move­ in bringing about April 24. the New York Times that discussion ment for the liberation of women and is demonstrative of the continuing They advocated a nonexclusive ~ction where every individual and group ready on the National Health Insurance Partnership Act of 1971, a bill in­ repression of. women's right to par-. to march in the streets against this imperialist war was welcome regardless troduced in committees simultaneous­ ticlpate equally and fully in the de­ of political views and affiliations. This was symbolized io the breadth ly. in l;>oth the House and Senate, cision,-making roles· of our society." of the speakers list. For the firSt time at major national actions on both coasts, would be postponed "at least a week." Linda Lush publically known revolutionary socialists spoke as such. ·· · It was to have been ready for full New York, N.Y. NPAC and SMC also built the action on the basis of demanding immediate House and Senate debate within two withdrawal of all U.S. forces. As proven by the response at the rallies, this weeks. Pollution As outlined at that time, the Nixon With the much-touted announcement clearly reflected the sentiments of the overwhelming majority of demonstrators. plan would provide limited health of a major environmental speech by NPAC and SMC from the start counterposed 11 0Ut Now" to the phony 11phased insurance for most worldng people. Wisconsin Governor Patrick J. Lucey withdrawal" demagogy behind which the Nixon administration and the ruling Sixty-five percent of the premiums coinciding with Earth Week, there class have been hiding their continuing daily carnage in Southeast Asia. paid for insurance bought from were many hopes of a fundamental NPAC and SMC believed that the largest, broadest, most effective action private corporations or Blue Cross attack on pollution and polluters by or Blue Shield would be paid by the the liberal governor. Instea,d, the cit­ could be organized by focusing on the question of the Vietnam war itself; and employer, 35 percent by the employee. izens of Wisconsin received nothing April 24 proved that growing numbers of American working people,. Black, white This would have meant that thou­ more than the promise of an increase and Chicano, male.and female, in uniform and out--could be mobilized on this sands of nonunionized small business­ in pollution fines to a maximum of basis. es that. do not pay health and wel­ $10,000. Even the measure that this From April 24, we must go forward to .expand and broaden the Out Now! fare benefits to their workers would. liberal capitalist politician had to have been forced to insure their em­ concede to the population's growing movement. Next time, the contingents of labor, women, Chicanos, Blacks, and ployees. These cockroach outfits have disgust and anger over the destruc­ others wi II be even larger. now put their own lobbying organi· tion of our environment was provid­ Wide participation representative of the forces who marched on Apri I 24 should zations to work against any health ed with adequate loopholes. be organized to attend the NPAC Steering Committee meeting in Washington, legislation, and the result is begin­ Under Lucey's plan, provisions are D. C., on May 8 to discuss plans for the July 4 weekend national antiwar con­ ning to show. made to ensure that the economic Committee members engaged in the impact from pollution fines will not vention. actual wording of the health insur­ be too harsh for the, polluters! The We can continue mobilizing massive opposition to the war by building the ance legislation have proposed that state and the polluting industry are May 5 moratorium called by the SMC, Association of Student Governments, small companies and individuals­ to jointly go over the business' and the Nationa 1 Student Association to commemorate the murders of the Kent those who have one maid or secre­ books to determine the economic im~ State and Jackson State students one year ago. tary, fo'r instance-be exempt from pact of the fine, with the added pro­ the terms of the bill. tection that the financial records will And we can deepen the impact made by the actions of the Vietnam veterans The Nixon administration is afraid be "kept confidential to protect the . and Gls by helping to build the May 15 Gl actions on Armed Forces Day. that if the coverage provided by the industry."

6 However, it is not the industry but The Great Society the public that needs protection from polluting profiteers. Records kept con­ Presidential value judgment- Advis­ ginian hunt retreat built by the late "One thing we don't put across," the fidential should be opened to the pub­ ing people on welfare not to be so President Kennedy is available for junior achiever complains, "is that lic to expose how much profit the choosy about accepting crummy jobs, $350,000. It includes five bedrooms the rise to the top of a corporation industries have been able to reap by President Nixon stated: "Scrubbing and four baths, a bomb shelter be­ is challenging and exciting." Almost systematically destroying the world floors or emptying bedpans- my neath the stables and a secret getaway . as much as clawing your way to the we live in. Allowing industries to set mother used to do that- is not en­ passage leading from the close~ in top of a dung heap. their own fines only allows for the joyable work, but a lot of people do the master bedroom. The price may continuation of the present state of it, and there is as much dignity in seem a bit steep since there is no swim­ Strikers meet stiff employer resistance affairs. that as there is in any other work ming pool, but the present owner notes - The Mortuary Employees Union The only way to end this destruc­ to be done in this country, including that the sunset, seen from the terrace, struck San Francisco's 24 largest fu­ tion of life and resources is to stop my own." Or, to put it another way, "probably would be worth $100,000 neral parlors in a wage dispute and production for profit and begin pro­ if you feel your situation is degrad­ to some people." the rest of the mortuaries promptly duction for human needs. It is crys­ ing, just think about what he's doing shut down. "A strike against one is tal clear that those who exploit the for a living. Of piety and pornography- The out­ a strike against all," explained an earth's resources for profit are not door bulletin board of the First Pres­ industry spokesman. interested in ending a practice- pol­ byterian Church of Cedar Bluffs, lution- that adds to their money Immediate, unilateral withdrawal­ Neb., will soon carry a notice, "Our grubbing. We can only rely on those Without prior negotia,tions, the U.S. sermons are X-rated." The enterpris­ Getting it all together- When Upton whose interest lays in stopping this and British governments have with­ ing pastor explains that "X" means Sinclair wrote his classic study of the mad practice- the working class. We drawn from the United Nations spe­ Christ, adding: "People flock to the­ capitalist press, he entitled it The have already seen strikes by toll­ cial committee on colonialism. The aters when an X-rating is given to Brass Check, explaining that whore­ booth collectors and steelworkers U.S. gave no reason for the depar­ a movie; I'll see if we can get a crowd houses used 'to issue patrons such because of the unbearable environ­ ture, but it's believed that there was with it." checks as confirmation of payment. mental conditions under which they some unhappiness because the com­ For some inexplicable reason we were work. As an unlivable atmosphere mittee on colonialism adopted· some Sorry salesman- Carl Brinnel, exec­ _reminded of this on learning that the becomes generalized, we can expect resolutions that were critical of im­ utive director of Junior Achievement Maryland legislature is considering to see more of such industrial action. perialism. of Western Massachusetts, is discour­ using some of the space in its press Mark Lobato aged by what he sees as widespread room for an on-site chapel. Madison, Wis. Tip for apartment hunters- The Vir- public animosity toward capitalism. -HARRY RING

Calley trial In the wake of the Calley trial, some unexpected sources have starkly brought to light the depth of antiwar sentiment in the traditionally con­ The servative rural Deep South. A South Georgia sheriff called the Atlanta Journal to announce that he would be willing to harbor any AWOL sol­ Insurgent Majority dier in his county. The entire draft boards of Athens and Bainbridge, The debate on abortion was taken up by the Supreme dropped out of tv ayne State University to work for the Ga., submitted their resignations. Court April 21, but their decision to uphold the antiabor­ United Women's Contingent. "Why support peace as a And four rural Georgia congressmen tion law in the District .of Columbia was not a conclusive woman?" she asked. "Because the resources we waste in voted against another two-year ex­ one. The case involved the appeal of an indictment against Vietnam should be allocated to higher priorities like better tension of the draft law. Dr. Milan Vuitch of D. C. for allegedly performing abor­ education, medical facilities, .child care." However, not all of the pillars of tions· in his office for any women who desired one. Dr. Dixie political life are in flight from Vuitch's challenge of th.e D. C. abortion law was based On April 12 the first he.aring was held in the class action their hawkish positions. Some, like on 'the charge that it was unconstitutionally vague. The suit by 1,000 Connecticut women who are challenging Governor George Wallace of Ala­ Supreme Court ruled that the law was not unconstitution­ the constitutionality of that state's antiabortion law. Wom­ bama and Lt. Governor Lester Mad­ ally vague, but it did not rule on the question of whether en vs. Connecticut, the group of 1,000 women, spoke out dox of Georgia, have attempted to abortion laws are unconstitutional because they violate for abortion law repeal at hearings on abortion held by parley the hullabaloo about Calley the right of women to privacy and control of their own the Connecticut legislature, but two weeks later the legis­ into a right-wing movement,. but they bodies. The court also ruled in the Vuitch case that abor­ lature voted overwhelmingly against reforming the current haven't met with much success. tion could be performed to protect the woman's mental law, which permits abortions only when "necessary to Making a grandstand play for health as well as her physical health, and that in any preserve the life of the woman.'' A spokeswoman for Wom­ sympathy with Calley, Georgia Gov­ future abortion prosecutions, the burden of proof must en vs. Connecticut commented on this move: "Before the ernor .Timmie Carter declared a state­ be on the government to show that the pregnant woman's action of the legislature, wherever we spoke, people would wide day of "contemplation" and health was not in danger. Almost a dozen more cases ask us why we were bringing a court suit instead of seek­ turning on of car headlights. If this challenging the unconstitutionality of abortion laws of ing reform in the legislature. Now the answer is clear­ action was supposed to mobilize various states are pending before the Supreme Court, some the State of Connecticut, its governor and its legislature prowar sentiment, it certainly back­ of which challenge the laws on the grounds of a woman's refuse to recognize our rights under the United States fired. People did contemplate. They right to control her own body. Constitution to privacy and personal freedom in deciding contemplated, "If Calley's not guilty, In another development, the 1,000 young people attend­ whether or not to bear children." She said Women vs. then who is?" ing the White House Conference on Youth voted April 21 Connecticut had brought suit challenging the constitution­ In numerous television and news­ to recommend to the administration that antiabortion ality of the antiabortion law because, "It infringes on every paper interviews with Georgians from laws should be eliminated and abortion should be left woman's dignity, liberty and right to self-determination." every walk of life, the guilt was to the woman and her doctor. usually placed squarely where it be­ Members of the High School Women's Coalition in New longs- with the Pentagon brass and The rapid growth of the movement of women against York City appeared before the budget hearing of the New their commander-in-chief. the war in Southeast Asia was noted in a long article York Board of Education on April 20 to demand that Joel Aber in the April 4 Detroit Free Press. The article concentrafed birth control, abortion counseling and referral services Atlanta, Ga. on describing two organizations- Another Mother for be provided for all high school women in the City. The Peace (AMP) and the United Women's Contingent for the young women presented a petition with .several thousand April24 demonstrations. signatures supporting their demands. The letters column is an open forum AMP says it now has 22§,000 members. One member, for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ Jean Hynes, who is ahousewifewithfivechildren, explained A successful united press conference was held recently by eral interest to our readers. Please why she joined the movement: keep your letters brief. Where neces­ a wide spectrum of feminist organizations in Boston. The "I have four sons, and they are close to the age where well-atten~ed ·news conference, which lasted for over two sary they wUI be abridged. Please I could be sending one off every year. I joined because hours, bega~ with a:n announcement by Florynce Ken­ indicate if your name may be used it doesn't make sense to send them off to fight old men's or if you prefer that your initials be nedy and Diane Schulqer of their new book Abortion wars. I figured that with enough women, we could say, Rap, and an announcement by Jeanne Lafferty, a founder used instead. 'that's it.' Things should be settled another way than with of Boston Female Liberation, of her candidacy for mayor children's lives." She also remarked on the new confidence in her own of Boston on the Socialist Workers Party ticket. Other worth and abilities that came from her participation in women used the occasion to make statements on the op­ the antiwar movement: "l.used to think all I could do is pression of Black women and gay women, on new pub­ take care of baby diapers. I really thought I didn't know lications and films the Boston women's movement has enough to do anything else. Now I'm beginning to think produced, and plans of the New England Women's Co ali-· there are not too many smart people in Washington." tion for future actions. The article also interviewed Linda Dorosh, who had -CAROLINE LUND·

THE MIUTANT/ MAY 7, 1971 7 well-known officer. He is thus the first Pasco Corporation, represents con­ "Mrs. Meir is worried about the Pan­ high-ranking figure of the reform pe­ spiracy and subversion," ReVolucion thers," Schwarz wrote. "She is especial­ riod to be arraigned- and the first Peru ana wrote in its March issue. · ly incensed at the name they have New move indicted for activities prior to the Au­ "For the government, demanding the chosen, because the American Pan­ gust, 1968, invasion." release of Comrade Eduardo Creus, thers are thought of here as anti-Sem­ The Bertrand Russell Peace Foun­ of the eight Cuzco peasant leaders itic. But she is even more concerned against dation has sponsored a commission still in prison, and of the publisher about the emerging statistical evidence of prominent socialists and radicals of the magazine Libertad means that of how far Israel has moved away concerned about socialist democracy Hugo Blanco is ungrateful for the from the egalitarian image it still Prague19 in Czechoslovakia. According to the freedom granted him." holds of itself." April 1 issue of the British daily Blanco's arrest, the Trotskyist pub­ During the past 20 years the Seph­ From Intercontinental Press Guardian, the commission plans· to lication surmised, was the result of ardis have been the targets of right­ The prosecutor in the case of nine­ visit Czechoslovakia and speak with government maneuvering in response wing propaganda seeking to direct teen Czechoslovak youths accused of present and former government lead­ to sharpening contradictions in the them against the even more exploited "Trotskyist" activities has decided to ' ers. Its members are Prof. Christopher country: "It is evident that in taking Arab community in Israel, rather than appeal for heavier sentences, accord­ Hill, Prof. Maurice Dobb, Dr. Eric this step, along with others, the junta against the almost wholly European ing to a report from Prague in the Hobsbaum, Raymond Williams, Law­ was making a concession to the right government. London Times. rence Daly, and Prof. Noam Chom­ wing, trying, or appearing to suppress Although the Black Panthers of Jeru­ The trial ended on March 19 with sky. the voice of a revolutionist devoted salem are not anti-Zionist, and have the conviction of 16 defendants and to the people and the revolution. The even declared that they. have no con­ the acquittal of one. Trial 'for two increasingly virulent reaction of the nection with the ISO or any other others was postponed because of ill­ right and the thrust of the mass move­ "antistate" (i.e., anti-Zionist) group, ness. ment have put the junta under con­ the development of a movement hos­ The appeal, reported in the March Irish flicting pressures, forcing it to balance tile to the current government among 24 Times, was not mentioned by other between classes and different social this formerly reliable sector of the pop­ papers. The London daily quote~ "in­ strata in order to channel their ener­ ulation has grave implications for the formed sources" as saying the prose­ women gies behind its program of bourgeois Zionist regime. cutor had asked stiffer penalties for development." Schwarz was told by Elie Eliachar, "at least 13 of the 16" defendants con­ The magazine stated: "Comrade leader of the Council of Sephardic victed. He also reportedly asked a protest Hugo Blanco clarified some aspects Jews, "Now, if we get peace [with the reversal of the acquittal of Matylda about the matters he was questioned Arabs], we shall have civil war at Brozovska. The article continued: Singing "We shall not, we shall not on. He made it clear that he had home." conceive," about 14 young women "Unofficial sources said the pros­ broken no law and was operating The Panthers have distributed 5,000 with their children held a demonstra­ ecutor, Dr. Frantisek Stilip, had asked within the framework of the rights membership applications in their cur­ tion the first week of April outside the the Czech Supreme Court to increase granted by the bourgeois laws them­ rent recruiting campaign. They report Leinster House, the Irish parliament the four-year prison sentence on Pro­ selves." that 3,000 have already been returned. building. They demanded to be let into Schwarz said that he had seen 900 fessor Petr Uhl, aged 29, for whom the building sq. that they could speak he had demanded a maximum five­ completed applications at the home of with senators about a bill introduced one Panther member, and that the year sentence. by Senator Mary Robinson to legalize "Twelve other persons, for whom Panthers now are ''working with em­ the sale of contraceptives. According bryonic Panthers in Tel Aviv and Dr. Stilip had demanded sentences of to the April 10 Irish-American Re­ three to five years, received prison other cities, as well as rural settle­ view, the doors were locked against ments." terms ranging from a 15-month sus­ them and three of the women had to pended sentence to 30 months. He climb in through the window of the has appealed for .increases in the pris­ parliament men's room in order to on terms for these perSons also." force the officials to let them in. This new move against the "Prague On April 9, about a dozen Irish Nineteen" was followed by other signs women protested another aspect of Arrests of the determination of the Husak gov­ women's oppression in Ireland: the ernment to suppress all opposition be­ fact that Irish women cannot be called fore the opening of the Communist for jury service. The only women who mount party congress, now less than two can serve are women who own build­ months away. ings and who go through a special On March 26, Vaclav Prchlik was application process. in Spain sentenced to three years' imprison­ The women were members of the From Intercontinental Press ment. The former general was chief of Women's Liberation Group. A leaflet The Franco regime in Spain has the armed forces political section dur­ they handed out noted that women initiated a new drive aimed at wip­ ing the spring of 1968. Prel!sure from jurors were practically unknown in ing out the revolutionary nationalist the Soviet bureaucrats forced his re­ Ireland, since women property-owners Basque m.ovement. The Manchester moval even prior to the August in­ who apply are often dismissed because Hugo Blanco Guardian of March 15 reported that vasion. Prchlik had aroused the wrath judges and lawyers suspect they have some twenty persons, arrested in raids of the Kremlin by advocating less an ulterior motive for wanting to which began in late February, are serve. The women protested the fact Soviet domination of the Warsaw Pact presently being held without trial. that women therefore cannot be tried and by criticizing a delay in the with­ Under the terms of a decree issued by a jury of their peers, and this is drawal of Soviet troops from Czech­ by Franco last December 14, the pris­ unconstitutional. They opposed the oslovakia after scheduled military oners may be held until June with­ property-owner clause on the grounds Israeli maneuvers. that it was discriminatory not only out being tried. According to the West German week­ Spanish police fired several shots on the basis of sex but also of class. ly Der Spiegel, Prchlik was convicted Panthers in a busy street in Bilbao while pur­ of "endangering the functioning of a • suing a young man who had been state .organ." accused by a priest of stealing a copy­ The trial of the Prague Nineteen organ1ze ing machine to be used to produce was widely seen as preparation for nationalist material prohibited by the The existence of the Black Panthers of the prosecution of officials of the Dub­ regime. cek government. The trial and sen­ Blanco Jerusalem first came to international At least seven others were arrested attention when members of the group tencing of Prchlik confirm this view. in a raid on a house in Bilbao. The were arrested by Israeli police for at­ "General Prchlik," Eric Bourne noted raid was conducted without a warrant. in the April 1 Christian Science Moni­ held for tempting to organize a demonstration The Guardian wrote that in addi­ March 3 against housing and job dis­ tor, "... as head of the Army's po­ tion to the arrests in Bilbao, some litical department, was an extremely crimination. 24 hours The group-consisting predomi­ twenty-three persons have been jailed in Madrid since January on charges Less than four months after his release nantly of Sephardic Jews, that is, Jews from El Fronton priSon, where he 01;iginally from North Africa and the of belonging to the outlawed trade­ served almost eight years for his ac­ Arab East- demands that the govern­ union organization known as the tivities in organizing the peasant ment spend more money on improv­ Workers Commission. unions in La Convencion, Peruvian ing the lives of the Sephardis than on The Spanish press has made no revolutionary leader Hugo Blanco attracting new, largely European, im­ announcement of the most recent ar­ was rearrested March 9 by the po­ migrants. rests, and the total number held by litical police. Held for 24 hours in the At the time of the arrests, the gov­ police remains a secret. offices of the Investigative Police of ernment minimized the importance of The London Times of March 15 Peru (Policia de Investigaciones del the Panthers, stating that they had reported that sources in Barcelona say Peru), Blanco was interrogated about very few members and that they were daily political roundups are taking his support for workers' struggles tak­ an artificial creation of the anti-Zion­ place there. ing place in the country and the cam­ ist Israeli Socialist Organization Despite the difficult circumstances paign for the release of the remaining (ISO). Recent developments have existing under the totalitarian regime, political prisoners. shown, however, that the government protest against the witch-hunt is "For the government, Comrade estimate was inaccurate. mounting throughout Spain. Blanco's accepting an invitation from Walter Schwarz, in an article pub­ A petition signed by 4,000 workers, his mine-worker brothers to discuss lished in the March 21 Observer Qf students, and intellectuals, denouncing trade-union affairs, his explaining the London, reports that the Panthers are political trials and demanding that need for carrying out a unified strug­ now conducting a national recruiting the government lift all special police gle and informing the people of the drive, and that government represen:­ powers, was delivered to the office subhuman conditions to which the tatives admit to considerable apprehen­ of Vice-President Rear Admiral Luis miners have been subjected by the sion about the impact of the new Carrero Blanco on March 26, accord­ Petr Uhl imperialist exploiters of the Cerro de Sephardic movement. ing to the London Times of March 30.

8 The South Vietnamese women' revealed that over the United States, Phan Minh Hien from the Wom­ By PATTI IIYAMA 50 percent of the ~omen in South Vietnam • are en's Union for the Liberation of South Vietnam TORONTO-At a conference of North American involved in the war effort. "The Gis call the Viet­ answered, 'We have followed your struggle against and Indochinese women held here April 7-12, I namese women 'the long-hair army,"' stated Ph an repression as Third World people. We realize that had the opportunity to hear first-hand reports Minh Hien. 'Women, irrespective of their age, have the urgent thing for you is to fight for survival, from the Indochinese women on their struggle participated in the struggle to fight the enemy but we think that the war has affected you closely for national liberation. wherever they meet them with all weapons avail­ and that therefore there is a close link between The powerful message that was conveyed by able." the antiwar movement and the right of Third World these women to their North American sisters was In the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, women people to self-determination. Our interests are close­ their firm determination to continue the fight for also play an essential role in the struggle. Many ly interrelated in this struggle. We think that the self-determination until they win. As Phan Minh women are commanders in the People's Militia antiwar struggle is also your struggle." Hien, a 31-year-old teacher from the Women's and fight side by side with the men. Women at the conference were very anxious to Union for the Liberation of South Vietnam, stated, find out what the antiwar movem'ent in the U.S. and Canada could do to help end the war as "We would rather sacrifice everything than live Women's Union as slaves." quickly as possible. When asked about the Peo­ The South Vietnamese delegation indicated that Vo Thi The from the Democratic Republic of ple's Peace Treaty, Vo Thi The replied, "We agree there are 5,000 political prisoners in South Viet­ Vietnam spoke about the Women's Union. "The with the intent of the Peace Treaty to broaden nam now. Dinh Thi Huong, who is a member main task of the Women's Union is to educate the antiwar movement. We want, however, to stress of the Women's Union, described some of her and mobilize the women to accomplish national the demand for total and unconditional and im­ experiences in the six years she was held in prison. liberation and build socialism. To do this, we mediate withdrawal. We think that is the most im­ Although she belonged to no organizations at work. closely with the government to make sure portant point of the Peace Treaty." the time, she was held from 1955 to 1961 with­ that the . rights of women are protected. For in­ Vo Thi The indicated that the Indochinese wom­ out trial on "the suspicion that she belonged to stance, the Union checks to make sure that child­ en had several minor disagreements with the way an anti-American organization." care centers are set up .at factories, that women some of the points of the treaty are formulated. She was in eight different prisons, including the infamous "tiger cages" at Con Son, where she was tortured many times. She suffered from pins be­ ing stuck in her fingertips and then moved around. On other occasions, she was strapped down and Indochinese wonaen water mixed with salt was forced into her mouth until her stomach was full. Then her jailers walked on her stomach until all the water was forced out. Other times her hands were tied behind her back diseuss struggle and she was hung from the ceiling. She was para­ lyzed for six months the last time this method of torture was used on her. She also had electrodes applied to her ea~s, nipples and genitals. Huong emphasized the fact that these tortures were com­ mon occurrences and are still continuing today. After she was released, she decided to participate in the struggle and joined the national liberation forces. This . too, she stated, was not an uncom­ mon reaction to the atrocities perpetrated against the people, Although the United States was not yet formally involved in Vietnam at the time of her imprison­ ment, Huong revealed, "American advisors fre­ quently came to the prisons and gave instructions to my torturers." Khemphet Pholsena, a 29-year-old school teach­ er from Laos, dated American military interven­ tion in her country from as early as 1955. "The CIA took part in different U.S. organizations such as the U.S. Aid MiBsion and the Military Assistance Advisory Group, which were set up supposedly· to give economic aid, but in reality gave military aid and trained special forces."

Laotian women Pholsena also explained the role of women in the struggle in Laos. "If women want to be lib­ North Vietnamese women workers rebuilding a road after it was erated, they have to take part in the national bombed by planes. liberation struggle by the whole people," she said. "Therefore, women from every social class have receive equal pay for equal work and two months The women from Indochina all saw mass dem­ participated in the liberation struggle more and maternity leave with pay, and that compensatory onstrations as aiding their struggle and wished more. Laotian women play an important role programs are pushed to train women." their American brothers and sisters success in the in the Patriotic Front. She also explained that after the war is won, spring offensive. Vo Thi The added, "Your dem­ "The women are the equal of men in every field, the women will not be ordered back into their onstration on April 24 is a clear manifestation of and· the Pathet Lao Association of Women is aiding former role of housewife. "Women will be needed your determination to win the immediate withdraw­ women to overcome their feelings of inferiority. to participate in the big task of rebuilding our al of troops from Indochina. In the family, the husbands help take care of country. We have organized our women to fight the children and do the housework to allow the for independence. We will organize our women "The spring offensive will have a big impact women time to learn production skills. after the war to reconstruct the country and fight on the antiwar mov.ement. We hope that the dif­ "Before, a man could have many wives,. but for the better position of women." ferent organizations in the United States will unite this is not allowed in the liberated zone, although · in this demonstration in order. to bring success the men who already have many wives are not Struggle in the U.S. and bigger success in solidarity with our struggle. forced to divorce them." When questioned by Third World women from "United, we will win." Indochinese, N. American women meet TORONTO- A two-part conference of liberation issues. This created much eration movement in the U.S., 200 According to one of the members North American and Indochinese dissatisfaction and confusion at the Third World women from the U.S., of the committee running the confer­ women was held here April 7-12. The conference. 60 Canadian women in the women's ence, a national decision was also first part of the conference, from April Six delegates from Indochina attend­ liberation movement and 40 Canadian made to try to exclude members of the 7-9, was sponsored by Women Strike ed the conference- two women from Third World women. The Third World Young Socialist Alliance. for Peace, Voice of Women (La Voix the Woroen's Union of the Democratic women met separately throughout the The second conference also consist­ des Femmes), and Women's Interna­ Republic of Vietnam, "two from the conference. ed mainly of plenary sessions and tional League for Peace and Freedom. Women's Union for the Liberation of From the beginning, it was not clear workshops where the Indochinese This part was an open conference at­ South Vietnam and two from Laos. precisely who org{;lnized the confer­ women gave reports. It began with tended by around 350 women active The first conference consisted mainly ence. Regional committees were set up about 450 women, but dwindled down in the U.S. and Canadian antiwar of a series of plenary sessions and around the United States in order to to about 100 on the final day. This movements. workshops where the Indochinese select delegates. These committees sup­ rapid disintegration was basically The second part of the conference, women made presentations on their posedly reflected the women's libera­ caused by widespread dissatisfaction open to official delegates only, was personal experiences in the war. tion movement, but since no public and anger at several aspects of the projected as a meeting of women from The organizers of this first confer­ plannip.g meetings were called for the conference, such as its exclusionary the North American women's libera­ ence did not focus on building any diverse groups comprising that move­ nature and bureaucr.atic and manip- tion movement, but because of the specific actions. ment, and since many groups were not ulative leadership. · exclusionary, undemocratic way it The second part of the conference, even aware of the conference or. were The "Service Committee'' decided on was organized, it was not representa­ supposedly for women's liberation ac­ not encouraged to participate, it ap­ agenda and structure, but most wom­ tive of the women's liberation move­ tivists, was open only to 500 selected pears that the organizers were self­ en only knew one or two of the worn- ment, nor did it focus on women's delegates- 200 from the women's lib- selected. Continued on page 22

THE MILITANT/ MAY 7, 1971 9 a By CAROLINE LUND fore. A poll of 500 demonstrators WASHINGTON, D.C.-On April 24, conducted by the Washington Post in­ more than half a million Americans dicated that more than one-third of from every sector of the population the marchers were participating in marched here in the streets of the cap­ their first demonstration. ital to answer Nixon's hollow prom­ According to this poll, students and ises about an "honorable" disengage­ youth were still the backbone of the ment from Vietnam. "OUT NOW!" was demonstration, however, with 84 per­ the clear and powerful message that cent of the sample under 30, and a roared from the crowd again and little less than half of them college or again throughout the afternoon. high school students. This strong turn­ One handwritten sign carried by a out of student youth decisively refuted marcher seemed to typify the disgust the widespread predictions that stu­ of the demonstrators with all the cyn­ dents were no longer interested in par­ ical lies and maneuvering of politi­ ticipating in mass antiwar protests. cians who claim to oppose the war. It read: "I want every soldier out by­ When's the election again?" A new mood Reports of the size of the march The representative nature of the varied from the final police figure of demonstration created a new mood 200,000 to the estimate of the Na­ among the protesters, which was noted tional Peace Action Coalition that over in the various press accounts of the a half a million took part. The size action. The marchers felt a new con­ of the action was certainly of the same fidence. A confidence that- as Debby order as the historic November 1969 Bustin of the Student Mobilization action, in which close to three-quar­ Committee put it-"We are the major­ ters of a million participated, but ity!" whether it was larger or smaller was Max Frankel noted this new mood difficult to determine. in the April 25 New York Times: According to the April 26 Philadel­ "The effect of any single outpouring phia Inquirer, Bill Jepson, a civilian like today's cannot be measured, but police information official in Washing­ the cumulative effect of the popular ton, said, "I would say from my protests here over the years is abun­ knowledge there were more here than dantly clear. The marching minority ever before. We had liaison men out now feels itself becoming a national and they said it just dwarfed any­ majority. It is remarkable above all thing they'd seen." for the almost total abandon, good It was impossible for NPAC to get cheer, certainty of purpose, and lack a count of the number of buses that of self-consciousness." He noted that came for the demonstration. At 1 p.m., "The marchers no longer brandish police reports were that 840 buses American flags to disassociate them­ had entered the city. At 2 p.m., NPAC selves from those carrying Vietcong was informed by the mayor's office banners.... They bumped unper­ that buses were backed up for 20 turbed against Blacks, Latins and Pal­ miles, all the way to Greenbelt, Md. estinians, all promoting their own Uncountable numbers of cars and causes. And they pushed baby car­ buses did not make it into Washing­ riages beside those shouting obscen­ ton until the march and rally were ities and parading the freedoms of over. Additional vast numbers would homosexuality." have participated in the Washington The most significant increase in par­ demonstration were it not for the ticipation came from the ranks of la­ transportation difficulties. bor- in many cases in open defiance The Student Mobilization Commit­ of union officials like the leadership tee organized transportation into of the AFL-CIO and Leonard Wood­ Washington from such isolated col­ cock of the UAW. Trade unions and lege towns as Edinboro, Pa., which organizations of trade unionists rep­ sent four busloads from the state col­ resented by banners or placards on lege there, and Lubbock, Texas. The the march included the Furriers union, April 25 Washington Post said Grey­ the Teamsters, the United Auto Work­ hound reported 83 charter buses from ers from Cleveland, Ironworkers for places like Columbia, Mo., Austin, Peace, Newspaper Guild Workers for Texas, and Portland, Maine. Peace, Madison (Wis.) Hospital Work­ Fred Mitchell, terminal manager for ers for Peace, Teachers for Peace in Washington Photo by Harry Ring Trailways buses in Washington, said Vietnam, Federal Employees for he observed "a heck of a lot of peo­ Peace, Engineers for Peace, United ple in the terminal since noon Friday, Farm Workers Organizing Committee, United Electrical Workers Local 506 more people than May [1970] or No­ from Erie, Pa., New York Library vember 1969." Guild Local 1930, American Federa­ Estimates of the size of the march tion of Teachers Local 189, Youville by police and city officials early in Hospital Workers in Cambridge, the day went up to 500,000, but as Mass., Bakers Union Local 3, AFL­ usual the figure was reduced as the CIO from Queens, N.Y., Washington day wore on. Labor for Peace, District 65 of the The march was not only huge, but Distributive Workers union, Local it reflected the views of a great many 1199 of the Drug and Hospital Work­ Americans who could not make it to ers union, Cleaners and Dyers union, Washington. In several days, the New and the Furniture Workers union. York Peace Action Coalition easily • collected 10,000 postcards to Nixon The massive popular support for the • signed by people saying they support­ demonstration was also manifested by ed the aims of the demonstration but the unprecedented number of Demo­ couldn't be there. The Washington cratic and Republican party politi­ Post conducted interviews with tour­ cians who decided it was to their po­ ists in Washington on April 24 and litical advantage to support the dem­ reported, "You could not find a single onstration. Endorsements came from one, in this random sampling, who 18 members of the U.S. House of was for the war or against the dem­ Representatives and 8 members of the onstrators." U.S. Senate, as well as numerous state To a much greater degree than ever legislators. before, the demonstration reflected the Wisconsin Governor Patrick Lucey American population as a whole. Par­ endorsed the demonstation, as well ticipation by trade unions, G Is and as New York Mayor John Lindsay. veterans, middle-aged people, Black The Minnesota state legislature voted people, Puerto Ricans, and Asian­ to officially declare April 24 Peace Americans was greater than ever be- Action Day. The Detroit. Common

10 Council endorsed the demonstration line of march at Kimbel Field, it had and voted to allow all city employees grown to about 4,000, making it the who were veterans to skip work on largest Raza antiwar action held in the 23rd in order to travel to Wash­ In San Francisco­ Northern California thus far, either as ington and take part in the demon­ an independent Raza Unida Morato­ stration. rium or as part of a united antiwar The mayor of Orange, N.J., Joel march. Shain, himself a Vietnam veteran, led more than 30QOOO The contingent was one of the most the delegation of 120 marchers from spirited in the demonstration, resound­ his city. The Orange City,Council also By NELSON BLACKSTOCK The American Psychological Associa­ ing with continuous chants of "Raza endorsed April 24 unanimously. May­ SAN FRANCISCO-By all accounts tion, which was holding its annual Si, Guerra No!", "One, two, three, four, it was the largest demonstration in the or Walter E. Washington of Washing­ convention in San Francisco at the we don't want this racist war!" and history of the West Coast. time, voted to adjourn and join the tion, D. C., stood on the edge of the cries of "Chicano Power!", "Latino Depending on your source, the exact march. A row of yellow school buses march welcoming the protesters to the Power!", "Indian Power!" and "Peace city. estimate of the size varies. The San with Berkeley PTA banners on their Now!" Numerous separate contingents were Francisco Police Department itself, ac­ sides pulled up by the march, and the students, parents, and teachers emp­ Labor organized to participate in the dem­ cording to the April 25 San Francisco tied out to join the procession. It was At 10 a.m., the NPAC Labor Sup­ onstration, including the United Wom­ Examiner, gave out three different obvious that a lot of people had heard port Committee began its rally at en's Contingent, the Gay Contingent, figures, the highest being 174,900. Other major estimates from the news about the march, and spontaneously Kimbel Field, located about midway the Third World Contingent, and the organized groups of friends to come along the route of march. The rally Labor Contingent. The march was media ranged from 150,000 to 350,- 000. to the demonstration. lasted an hour and a half, and was led by several hundred active-duty The organizers of the demonstra­ addressed by some 25 speakers repre­ Gis, and the poll taken by the Wash­ tion, the National Peace Action Co­ Raza senting 20 different unions. Among ington Post found that 5 percent of alition, estimate that well over 300,- The Raza Contingent began assem­ the speakers were Timothy Twomey, march participants were Vietnam vet­ 000 demonstrators marched through bling at 8 a.m. in San Francisco's vice-president of the San Francisco erans. the streets of San Francisco in a mas­ Latino community at Mission Delores Labor Council; Raul Teilh, state pres­ What happened in Washington could sive display of sentiment for ending Park, the scene of two previous Raza ident of the California Federation of be seen as a significant deepening of the war and getting the troops home Moratoriums, which had attracted up Teachers; and Walter Stack, president the trend expressed most clearly at now. to 2,000 people. Joining the contin­ of the Hard Hat Hod Carriers. the Des Moines demonstration March People poured into the city from gent was a group of Native Americans Jeff Mackler, chairman of the NPAC 1 against President Nixon. In that throughout the western states. Reports who marched behind a banner: "Na­ Labor Support Committee and Cali­ demonstration, antiwar students and indicate that all means of public trans­ tive Americans Against the War." fornia Federation of Teachers repre­ construction workers protesting Nix­ portation from the major West Coast There were Chicanos from East Los sentative to NPAC, told the crowd that on's attack on their wages joined in cities to San Francisco were jam­ Angeles, including students from City four out of five Central Labor Coun­ a common action, comfortably march­ packed. College of Los Angeles, and various cils in the Bay Area had endorsed ing side by side against their common They started assembling before 8 MECHA chapters. Brown Berets were the march. The proposal had failed enemy. The correctness of building a.m. on the plaza at the Embarcadero, also present and helped out with the by only two votes in the fifth labor a mass movement for immediate with­ the port area on the northeastern monitoring. council. In the San Francisco Central drawal, firmly based on the principal shore of San Francisco. This was the L!l Raza Unida Party from Hay­ Labor Council, it had passed by a of nonexclusion, could not have been designated assembly area for G Is, stu­ ward, Union City and Oakland-Berke­ two-to-one margin, overturning the more sharply confirmed. dents, and members of the general ley carried banners. A large banner recommendation of the Executive population who wanted to go the en­ reading "Bring Our Carnales Home Board and the secretary-treasurer. Third World contingent tire distance of the march. The air Now- Raza Si, Guerra No!" was car­ Every local in the Bay Area that had The Third World Contingent includ­ was crisp and the march proceeded ried at the head of the march, along been asked to endorse did so except ed Black people, Asian-Americans, at a brisk pace through the concrete, with the Native American banner. one. Palestinians, and Iranians. Many steel and glass canyons of San Fran­ Numerous picket signs saying "Raza · At 11:30, the labor contingent Third World people didn't get into Si, Guerra No" were prepared by the moved into the main line of march. the city in time to march with the con­ cisco's financial district. As the march Third World Task Force of NPAC. There were banners and signs from tingent because of traffic jams. Four filed through the narrow streets, a When the march left the park, there the UAW, several AFT locals, the Pile buses of Black and Puerto Rican stu­ mood was established that dominated were about 2,000 people. By the time Drivers, Hod Carriers, Hospital dents from Manhattan Community the day's proceedings. the contingent had reached the main Continued on page 15 College in New York, for instance, did It was a serious, determined, but not arrive until 2 p.m., as did one at the same time spirited, mood. It was the stance of a movement that bus organized by the Third World Task Force in Philadelphia. viewed itself not as an isolated mi­ The Third World Contingent formed nority, but representative of the vast separately for a rally in Malcolm X majority of the American people. They Park and then marched through the were out to tell Nixon and the rest D. C. Black community to join the of the rulers in Washington that fhe main march. The Contingent received people of this country have had a warm response from the community, enough of the seemingly endless war with many Black youth, including in Indochina. Black veterans, joining the march for The march was led by well over at least several blocks, as the size 1,000 active-duty Gls, officers and of the contingent swelled. veterans, including wounded veterans of the war in Southeast Asia. The con­ Numerous observers confirmed that tingent was organized by the Con­ more Black people participated in the cerned Officers Movement. April 24 demonstration than ever be­ Hours later, the last of the marchers fore. poured into the polo field at Golden A Palestinian contingent marched Gate Park some seven miles away. At for the first time in a national anti­ one point, the line of march stretched war action. across the entire city from the polo The United Women's Contingent field to the Embarcadero area, and at demonstrated to the chant of "Sister­ times the march was so dense that it hood is Powerful - End the War was forced to slow to a standstill. Now!" Banners and signs were car­ Along the route, the march grew ried saying, "Child care, not warfare," and grew, picking up demonstrators and identifying groups such as George from assembly points and a number Photos by Ron Payne Washington University Women's Lib­ of separate contingents, some having San Francisco eration, Female Liberation, Cleveland their own premarch rallies. These con­ State University Women's Contingent, tingents, expressions of both the inde­ and Wyandotte County, Kansas, pendence and antiwar sentiment of Women for Peace. One sign read: other movements, represented signifi­ "Kensington [Pa.] women and Viet­ cant actions themselves. namese women are sisters." A banner reading "Gays Against the Gays War" led off the sizable contingent of One of the first contingents to enter gay people. Signs were carried by the line of march was the gay con­ Columbus, Ohio, Gay Liberation, tingent, which marched from the Civic Northwestern University Gay Libera­ Center with 300 people. By the time tion, Gay Feminists Against the War, it had covered its six-mile route to Gay Liberation Front of the Tri-Cities the polo field, it had swelled to 2,000, (Albany, Troy and Schenectady, making it the largest demonstration of N.Y.), and the Student Mobilization gays ever held in the West. Activists Committee Gay Task Force, among came from gay liberation organiza~ many others. .. tions in Phoenix, Denver, San Jose, The marchers could feel their power Seattle and Los Angeles, where the as a massive, united force and they gay liberation fronts had been the were there to demonstrate that power. main organizers of the contingent. Efforts-made by some of the small Several huge banners made the con­ groups on the left who opposed the tingent quite visible, and it was among April 24 action- to draw people into the most vocal and spirited. counter-demonstrations were singular­ The composition of the action re­ flected the breadth of the antiwar ly unsuccessful. And the cops were movement. Business Executives Move Confinueel on page 14 for Peace had a contingent of 500.

THE MILITANT/ MAY 7, 1971 11 We're not only becoming better fight­ The warmakers know that the ma­ It is only a minority- the class that ers against oppression. We are also jority agree with us on the war. They profits from oppression and exploita­ Andrew learning that we have power when we know that millions think the way we tion at home and abroad- that's in­ unite in mass actions. do, and they fear what can happen terested in continuing the Southeast Puley: There are two important contingents when millions are mobilized in the Asian war! When did we vote for this that couldn't be here- two key con­ streets. war? What kind of democracy is this? tingents of fighters against oppression, I remember two years ago during Nixon knows what we want! We We nave the G Is and the prisoners in this coun­ his campaign Nixon promised us want the U.S. out of Southeast Asia try's jails. I've been a part of both peace, and before that Johnson now! That is our date! power when contingents and would like to salute pledged he would never send Amer­ Some politicians want Nixon to set them today! ican "boys to die in an Asian war." a date for withdrawal. We already Thousands of G Is, home and We remember all those promises. The have a date! we unite in abroad, particularly those on the bat­ Democratic and Republican politi­ Blacks, Chicanos, women, students, tlefields of Vietnam, and those who cians always promised us peace in Gls, and unionists have a date! The have been placed on alert for the dem­ order to get our votes. But what have Vietnamese people have a date! mass action' onstation today, would be here if they they produced? Nothing but continued We've had a date for a long time! Following is the text of the speech could. And you can be sure that this war, deaths and massacres year after Our date is now! We want out now! given in Washington, D. C., Aprll 24 is doubly true of Black, Chicano year from Kennedy to Johnson and And Nixon knows it! Bring the troops by Andrew Pulley, representing the and Puerto Rican Gls. They have had now Nixon. home now is our date for withdrawal! Socialist Workers Party. Pulley was enough of vicious racism in the Army. The Democratic and Republican ad­ one of the original organizers of Gls They have had enough of being forced ministrations knew all along what United Against the War at Fort Jack­ to kill our brothers and sisters in they were doing! They knew about son, S. C., in 1969, and one of the Southeast Asia. the My Lais! Linda "Fort Jackson Eight" thrown in the Not only would Angela Davis and They knew that napalm was being stockade by the brass for organizing the Berrigans be here today if they dropped! Jenness= against the war and against racism could, but also the thousands of po­ They knew whole villages were de­ in the Army. He and the seven other tential Malcolm X's in prisons and stroyed and millions killed. They Gls were released when the Army stockades. The fight of these brothers knew it and were responsible for it! 'VVe're havhJ dropped charges against them rather and sisters is our fight. Every vic­ In order to crush the Vietnamese than face a possible legal defeat in tim or"class, racist and sexist so-called struggle to control their own coun­ the court-martial. justice is a political prisoner. try, they have to use this savagery. a showdo\lvn Because of demonstrations like this We have built this movem.ent our­ But now we know what is happen­ today, this country will never be the selves. We have built mass demonstra­ ing! Millions of us know what they with the same. The contingents here today­ tions in the streets. We have involved are doing in Southeast Asia, and we Black people, Chicanos, women, gay anybody who is against the war. are going to put an end to it all! people, G Is, students, labor and for Our potential power is unlimited be­ So long as our movement stays in warmakers' the first time a Palestinian contingent cause we are organized in mass ac­ the streets, we'll be able to grow more Following is the text of the speech -all those struggling against oppres­ tion! We can end this war, and we powerful and end this barbaric war. Linda Jenness made to the April 24 sion, have united in action against the will end this war. But we must be­ We have built this movement on antiwar rally in San Francisco. Jen­ Vietnam war. This is the central issue come bigger. Next time we will have the\ demand of immediate withdrawal ness was the Socialist Workers Party facing all of us. And in the same way larger contingents of workers- Black, of all U.S. forces from Southeast Asia. candidate for mayor of Atlanta in that we have mobilized against the Chicano and white; male and female; Our demand is clear! 1969 and the SWP candidate for gov­ war, we can also mobilize mass ac­ in and out of uniform. It is the demand of the majority ernor of Georgia in 1970. For the tions against racial oppression, op­ We must go from this rally and or­ of the American people! The will of last three months she has been on an pression of women, and the rotten cap­ ganize all these forces into our move­ the majority is not being implement­ extensive women's liberation speaking italist system. ment. ed! tour across the country.

12 'Everyone here is part of the most We asked them for peace. They gave President Nixon! You say that if the the support of the "silent majority. important battle in this country today. us escalation. American government suffers a defeat Everyone recognizes that it is the ad­ We are having a showdown with the We demanded immediate with­ in Vietnam, a wave of right-wing re­ vocates of peace who are the majority. warm akers- and the warmakers are drawal. They gave us a date in the action will sweep this country. We say We are equally determined that this scared! far future. quite the opposite! We say that if the bloody war be over before Nixon's We have come here united in our We asked them for justice. They ar­ Vietnamese people win the struggle term of office expires. Some people demand to end the war in Southeast rested Angela Davis and Father Ber­ to determine their own affairs, renewed suggest that the way to end the war Asia by bringing all the troops home rigan. hope will blow through all the move­ is for the president to set a date for now! Many of us here today are wo­ We asked them for honesty. They ments in this country struggling for withdrawal, such as the end of 1971 men. We have marched as Women gave us lie after lie after lie. control of our own lives. or the end of 1972. We of the National United Against the War under our No! We cannot rely on any of them. We have come here today to demand Peace Action Coalition ask: What's own banners and in our own con­ We can only rely on ourselves. We that all the U.S. troops be withdrawn wrong with OUT NOW? tingent. and millions of others like us are go­ immediately. The American Gls have How can anyone justify the carnage Some people here today are Black ing to end this war and we are going a date for withdrawal; that date is for even one day longer, much less Americans, Chicanos, Asian-Amer­ to change society. We are better fight­ now! for eight months or twenty months icans, and Native Americans, strug­ ers today because of the antiwar The Vietnamese people have a date more? Nor is it a matter of seeking gling against this racist war and movement and we know better who for withdrawal; that date is now! a "reasonable" solution. The Nixon against their oppression here at home. our enemies _are. Black Americans and Chicanos administration has made it all too Others here today are high school The women here today have some­ have a date for withdrawal; that date plain that they are not open to reason and college students. Some are gay thing to say to President Nixon. is now! on this question. Everything they have people, others are veterans, others are President Nixon! Two weeks ago, Women have a date for withdrawal; done makes it all too clear that they Gls. you came out against abortions. You that date is now! are determined to hang on in Vietnam Some of us have come here today said you had a deep belief in the The American people have a date -determined to continue in their in­ as part of the labor movement. The "sanctity of life." We say you are a total for withdrawal; that date is now! sane pursuit of military victory. And United Auto Workers Western Region hypocrite! Last week you dropped Those of us here have a date for they will hang on there until they are Six is here. The Central Labor Coun­ withdrawal; that date is now! seven-and-a-half-ton bombs on thou­ compelled to get out. That means we cils of San Francisco, Santa Clara, sands of people. You have created must mount the most intense pressure Contra Costa, and San Mateo are nearly seven million homeless refugees on them to get out now. here.· The United Transit Workers Lo­ and murdered countless Vietnamese, Nixon is using a time-tested adver­ cal 1741 is here. The San Francisco Laotian, and Cambodian people. Jerry_ tising formula: Promise them any­ City Employees Union Local 400 is Your goverment has committed de­ here. , thing, but keep the war going. He even spicable atrocities in Vietnam. Lt. Cal­ Gordon: assures us that he too has a date­ Some people said that labor would ley was convicted of war crime~- but never enter the antiwar movement. only it's a secret. we all know that there are bigger But, some will argue-if. Congress They were wrong! Labor is here - as fish to fry! 'There women, as Blacks, as ex-G Is, as ex­ sets the date, then it will be different. When the women in this country We say that any kind of agreement students, and as trade unionists- we struggle to gain control over our own cannot be to delay ending the war- whether so are here. And those sections of the bodies, you talk about the "sanctity intended or not- only gives Mr. Nix­ organized labor movement that are of life." But when the Vietnamese strug­ not here today will be here nekt time gle to control their own country, you any letup in on breathing space. It gives him add­ if }Ve organize and bring them in after drop bombs on them. ed time to find the pretexts to keep we leave here today. All of us here today have some­ the war going. For him, dates are From many organizations and thing to say to Nixon. President our effort' meant to be broken, not kept. movements, we have united together Nixon! You say you must maintain Following are excerpts from the speech If we are to win immediate U.S. because the war deeply affects all of troops in Vietnam in order to guaran­ Jerry Gordon made to the April 24 withdrawal from Vietnam, we must us. We are mobilized today against the tee the safety of the prisoners of war antiwar rally in Washington, D. C. recognize that there cannot be any war, and we are going to mobilize and to protect the remaining troops. Gordon, an Ohio civil liberties attor­ letup in our effort. Today's massive, again! We say your logic is absurd! ney, has played a key leadership role historic demonstration must be re­ The power of this mass movement We say the only way to prevent in the formation and building of the garded as the springboard for even has already made changes in this more deaths of American G Is and National Peace Action Coalition and more massive actions to come. We country. The antiwar movement has Southeast Asian people is to withdraw is one of the national coordinators must stay in the streets until we win awakened millions to the crimes and all U.S. troops now! We want abso~ of NPAC. not more promises to end this dirty injustices of this system. The antiwar lutely no residual troops left behind­ This demonstration and the majority war but the reality of an end to the movement has taught millions that not one troop, not one adviser, not sentiment it represents gives the peace war. we, the. people here today, are the one helicopter, not one bomb! movement a powerful new momentum. On November 15, 1969, nearly a force that can change this society. We want them all out now! We will build on that momentum and million people massed here in Wash­ We know we cannot rely on Nixon Last week, Marshal Ky stated that we will stay in the streets as long as ington and in San Francisco demand­ to change it, we know we cannot rely it would take 15 or 20 years before this war goes on. Richard Nixon will ing an end to the war. But afterward on Congress to change it, we know we Vietnamization would be effective. We get no peace from us so long as the -we must say this frankly- the peace cannot rely on Republican and Dem-. say to you, Mr. Nixon- No more killing in Indochina goes on. mov.ement made a serious and costly ocratic party politicians to change it. Vietnamizations! Nixon no longer dares claim he has Continued on poge J 5

1HE MIUTANT/ MAY 7, 1971 13 Two perspectives The four-hour rally culminating the march was more reflective than pre­ vious mass antiwar rallies of all the YSA various forces that built the demon­ stration. Included among the speak­ ers was Juan Mari Bras, represent­ center ing the Puerto Rican independence movement; Black nationalist speakers; a Chicano speaker; representatives of the student movement; a high school was big student; two gay liberation speakers and a women's liberation speaker; and for the first time, a representative of the revolutionary-socialist move­ successI WASHINGTON, D.C.- The Young An array of groups claiming to be ment, Andrew Pulley of the Socialist Socialist Movement Center, set up by Marxist or radical participated in the Workers Party. the Young Socialist Alliance in a suite Washington April 24 demonstration The viewpoints expressed at the ral­ of rooms just off DuPont Circle April while denouncing it as liberal, reac­ ly reflected two major alternatives for 21-27, was a beehive of activity dur­ tionary, or even counterrevolutionary. the antiwar movement. One perspec­ ing the entire week. The center acted Their inability to recognize the revo­ tive- the one around which the dem­ as an organizing center for Young lutionary significance of more than onstration had been built and which Socialists participating in the April half a million Americans taking to was the main thrust and spirit of the 24 antiwar activities, as well as the streets in a political action against march- was embodied in the slogan a place where others could find out their government and the ludicrous "Out Now!" and the view that the more about revolutionary politics ineffectiveness of their counter-activi­ masses of Americans organized inde­ through speeches; panels, informal ties were striking confirmation of their pendently and fighting for their de­ mands are the power that can end discussions, and literature. political sterility. the war. More than $300 worth of socialist One small group called the Workers This perspective was expressed by books and pamphlets were sold here League marched· together in the main Jerry Gordon, national coordinator in seven days. Speakers or panels march carrying red flags and then left the demonstration to march in of NPAC, who urged the marchers discussed "The Second Wave of Femi­ to return to their home towns com­ nism: Can It Achieve Liberation?', a circle and hold their own rally of 150 people several blocks away from mitted to becoming even more active "How to Make a Revolution in the in building NP AC and in building U.S.," "Gay Liberation," "The Road to the demonstration. One of their ban­ ners carried a picture of Lenin and larger and more powerful actions for Black Liberation," "The Politics of the the immediate withdrawal of U.S. Antiwar Movement," and "The Arab Trotsky, and other signs read: "Smash Imperialism, Build a Labor troops. Revolution." Party, for a Socialist America," "Vic­ Read the Militant! Above is one The "Out Now" perspective was ex­ A score of women attended the dis­ tory to the Viet Cong," and "Down of the 500 salespeople who sold pressed by Armando Trevino, from cussion of women's liberation April with Muskie, McGovern and My Lai­ 8,000 copies of the socialist news­ the Mexican-American Youth organi­ 22 by Terry Hardy and Myrna Hill. Build a Labor Party." zation, when he said, "We want out More than 250 people showed up to weekly to Washington antiwar of Vietnam- not tomorrow, but yes­ For an organization that devotes marchers; 2,400 were sold in San hear Peter Camejo give the revolution­ much attention to the daily betrayals terday!" Charles Stephenson from the ary-socialist answer to the question, of the labor bureaucracy, the Work­ Francisco. The monthly magazine Third World Task Force urged all "How will the revolution be made in ers League found itself in the strange International Socialist Review sold Third World people to return to their this country?', on the evening of April company of Woodcock, Meany and 1,000 copies in Washington and cities . and set up Third World task 24 after the march of more than half forces "to mobilize our people against oth_ers of this ilk who refused to back 400 in San Francisco. Revolution­ a million people on the capitol. the April 24 action. When the San the war. We must continue until all The day after the big march, 40 Francisco City Employees Union Lo­ ary-socialist books and pamphlets our brothers can come home and join people came to hear a panel of gay ~al 400 voted nearly unanimously to were also popular with marchers us in the fight for our rights right activists discuss different aspects of the endorse April 24 about a week and a in both cities, who bought over here, and until our Southeast Asi~n growing gay liberation movement. half before the ·action, members of $700 worth at literature tables. brothers and sisters have their self: The gay speakers were Frank Kame­ the Workers League cast the few dis­ determination." ny of Washington, D.C., Mattachine senting votes in opposition to suppoft- Joan Gibbs, a high school studJmt Society; John Lauritsen of the Red ing the antiwar demonstration. .'.: from the Third World Student Coali­ Butterfly; Terry Hillman, a National In the April 19 issue of theh~ news­ tion, also expressed this orientation Committee member of the Young So­ paper, the Bulletin, the Workers • • .nc. of continuing to build an independent Continued from page J J cialist Alliance; Tina Mandel of New League labeled the largest political antiwar movement. She noted that unable to find any excuse for a vio­ high school students have from the York City Daughters of Bilitis; and demonstration in history against the lent attack on the protesters. David Thorstad, writer for The Mili­ policies of the U. S. ruling class as beginning been in the forefront of tant and a member of the Socialist "counterrevolutionary." building the mass antiwar demonstra­ Veterans' action tions, and "we'll continue to be until Workers Party. The Maoist Progressive Labor Par­ The determined and serious tone of all the troops are brought home." She A lively discussion followed the pan­ ty and Students for a Democratic S~ the demonstration was set during the pointed to the power that high school el on gay liberation, lasting a full ciety stood on the fringes of the main five days previous to April 24, when students had built up through their hour after the speakers had made their march with a bullhorn, attempting to 1,200 Vietnam veterans descended on participation in the antiwar move­ initial presentations. Much of the dis­ persuade demonstrators to leave the the capital to testify to the horrors ment: "It's a new time, a new day. cussion focused on the relationship march and join an SDS rally at the and injustice of the war. One hun­ between women's liberation and gay Washington Unemployment Securities dred and fifty of them attended Sen­ Nixon cannot afford to ignore high liberation. Office a block away. The demands of ate Foreign Relations Committee hear­ school students any more." Later the same day, 40 people heard their rally were: "U.S. Out of S. E. ings on "how to end the war." With Andrew Pulley of the Socialist Workers Asia, No Negotiations, Smash Racist their jeers and interjections against The opposite perspective, perhaps Party, a former antiwar GI organizer, Unemployment." They met with little the prowar speakers, they brought an expressed most clearly by Congress­ discuss the role of mass mobilizations success. Most of those who stopped entirely new note into the discussions woman Bella Abzug, was that the in the construction of a mass, indepen­ to listen to the SDS rally were either among these congressional hypocrites. Congress, rather than the masses of dent Black political party to fight for on their way to the main rally or The veterans' protest climaxed on American people, is the force that can the self-determination of African-Amer­ leaving it and heading for their cars April 23 with two events. In the after­ end the war; that the antiwar move­ ment should concentrate on lobbying icans. or buses. · noon, about 1,000 veterans assembled On Monday evening, April 26, Fred SDS addressed their main leaflet to to throw their military medals and congressional representatives instead of building its ow~ independent pow­ Halstead of the Socialist Workers those who "are tired of businessmen . ribbons over a fence surrounding a er through mass demonstrations; and Party, who acted as chief marshal for peace, movie stars for peace, union statue on the side of the capitol, de­ that the antiwar movement should for April 24 in Washington and has hacks for peace, and liberal politicians scribing them as "symbols of shame press for Congress to "set the date" served in the same capacity for pre­ for peace." They also wrote: "SMC [Stu­ and dishumanity." "Here's .my merit for withdrawal from Southeast Asia, vious national antiwar actions, dis­ dent Mobilization Committee] will badge for murder," yelled,one vet as counter SDS worker-student alliance he flung over his medals. Two moth­ rather than demanding immediate and cussed the politics behind different unconditional withdrawal. · strategies advocated for the antiwar by saying that there are 'representa­ ers with gold stars also threw away their dead sons' medals. A total of Abzug told the demonstratprs direct­ movement. tives of labor here'.... But these 600 vets returned their medals, in­ ly that their presence in Washinton On Tuesday evening, April 27, Jon union leaders, like the SMC, oppose cluding a 20-year-old former infan­ would be much more useful if they Rothschild spoke on the Arab revolu­ all militant rank-and-file actions." SDS obviously cannot imagine that rank­ tryman, William Wyman, who lost would come back next week to lobby ·tion and Zionism, describing the van­ and-file workers would demonstrate both legs in Vietnam. the senators. Rather than immediate guard role of the Palestinian masses against the war, as thousands of them That same evening, about 400 ac­ withdrawal, Abzug suggested the war in that part of the world. did April 24, even against the dic­ tive-duty Gls in uniform, along with should be ended by 1972. Hundreds of antiwar. youth who tates of many prowar union leaders. 2,000 others, packed into the Wash­ David Dellinger also downplayed were meeting' the YSA for the first time The International Socialists, while ington National Cathedral for a me­ the significance of the demonstration, passed through the Young Socialist not staging any counter-actions, morial service for the war dead, spon­ calling on marchers to join a "peo­ Movement Center, either to attend one downplay the significance of the mass­ sored by the Concerned Officers Move­ ple's lobby" of congressmen. Similar­ of the programs or to just talk to ive antiwar demonstrations that have ment. The G Is attended in defiance ly, Dr. George Wiley of the National ·the YSAers staffing the center. Many occurred since 1965. .In the April 24 of a Pentagon prohibition - on the Welfare Rights Organization told the of them signed lists indicating that supplement to their newspaper Work­ grqunds that the service was a "po­ rally, "If you really want to end the they wanted to jotll the YSA, or that ers Power, mass antiwar demonstra­ litical demonstration"- of GI partici­ war, you'll be here Monday to lob­ they were interested in more in­ tions are dismissed as part of a strat­ pation. Spec/5 Charles Balent told the by against antiwelfare bills in Con­ formation. egy of "a semiannual peace march, service, "We are the ones who· have gress." Rev. Ralph Abernathy of the largely-confined to students and mid­ listened to our brothers rolling bleed­ Southern Christian Leadership Con­ dle-class people, and posing no chal­ ing on th.e ground and cursing those ference expressed basically the same lenge to the existing status quo." who sent them there to die." viewpoint. ;o·

14 Coretta King and Abernathy raised were more middle-aged and older peo­ of the day was Dick Gregory, who Los Angeles Gay Liberation Front, the demand that all U.S. troops be ple than in recent demonstrations, and presented a humorous attack on Nix­ pacifist David Harris, and Congress­ withdrawn by Aug. 28, 1971 - the more very young children brought by on and Agnew and announced that man Paul McCloskey. Some Brown eighth anniversary of the civil rights their parents. But the marchers as a he was going on a solid food fast Berets and other ultralefts had broken march on Washington in 1963. The whole were overwhelmingly young, until the war is over. through the monitors and were at­ issue of the Daily World- the news­ high school students, college students, Abe Tapia, a scheduled speaker tempting to return to the platform, and paper reflecting the views of the Com­ and working people in their 20s. And from the Mexican-American Political the organizers thought it was wise to munist Party- passed out on the there was variety, including a genuine Association, took the mike and an­ terminate the rally rather than risk an march also pushed the demand, "Set marching jazz band. ''Make Wine, Not nounced that he wasn't going to speak incident. the date for withdrawal from Indo­ War' read the banner of the Napa until "all the Chicanos, Native Ameri­ The demonstration had made it china." Valley Committee for Peace. A huge cans, and Asians are able to get up clear to the Nixon administration that This "set the date for withdrawal" "Jesuits for Peace" banner was carried on the platform with me." the American people are not deluded theme was exposed for the cruel hy­ by a contingent of young seminarians Some Brown Berets and other ultra­ by his attempts to buy off antiwar pocrisy it is by the testimony of the from the Jesuit School of Theology. lefts forced their way up to the speak­ sentiment. It reaffirmed the position Vietnam veterans in Washington. Among the first demonstrators to ers' platform. Tapia, using ultraleft of those in the antiwar movement who They pointed out that every day and arrive were those in the "Anti-impe­ rhetoric which was conspicuously ab­ have maintained that the war remains . week troops remain in Vietnam means rialist Contingent." They were carry­ sent when he ran in the Democratic a central issue in American politics. more slaughter of G Is and Vietnam­ ing huge NLF flags and banners, primaries last fall (for the 35th As­ April 24 more than ever before was ese. "How do you ask a man to be and had secv.red the area imme.di'ately sembly District) attacked the antiwar a confirmation of mass action for the the last to die in Vietnam for a mis­ before the speakers' platform. movement. His remarks clearly did immediate withdrawal of U.S. troops take?" asked veteran John Kerry at not reflect the sentiments of the thou­ as the central organizing tool of the the Senate Foreign Relations Commit­ Rally sands of Raza who participated in antiwar movement. Each mass action tee. At the opening of the rally, NPAC the march as a show of unity with is a new· beginning, as was April 24. Taking a more radical position than West Coast Coordinator Dan Rosen­ all those who oppose this imperialist some of the speakers professing to be shine announced that the group in and racist war. His use of nationalist radicals was Senator Vance Hartke, front was trying to break through rhetoric to attack the antiwar move­ who called unequivocally for "Out the monitors and get on the stage. ment angered many Chicano nation­ Now!" He asked those in the crowd to vote alists, including some Brown Berets ...Gordon NPAC and SMC, the main orga­ on whether or not they were in favor and other veterans of the Aug. 29, Continued I rom page 13 nizers of the April 24 march, pro­ of this happening. The result of this 1970, Chicano Moratorium, who were mistake: It failed to provide a per­ jected a continuation of the spring vote was a tremendous "NO!" Follow­ aware of Tapia's red-baiting role in spective and program for continuing antiwar offensive with no letup. ing this, the struggle in front of the the aftermath of the police attack and action. We of the National Peace Ac­ Marchers were asked to build the May stage subsided. his traditional support of liberal An­ tion Coalition do not intend to repeat 5 student moratorium, the May 15 day The first speaker, a Vietnamese stu­ glo Democrats. that mistake. of solidarity with antiwar Gis, and dent, expressed the solidarity of her Tapia then proceeded to introduce On May 5, the peace movement, the the July 2-4 national conference of sisters and brothers in Vietnam, and a number of speakers who had not student movement and the Black NPAC to decide on future actions. called for the immediate withdrawal been invited by the coalition, which movement will join in commemoration The Washington Post asked Debby of troops from her country. issued invitations on the basis of a of the first anniversary of the criminal Bustin, SMC national coordinator, Don Gurewitz of the Student Mobi­ democratic decision. These included invasion of Cambodia and the murder why the marchers keep returning to lization Committee warned against the David Sanchez of the Brown Berets, of students at Jackson State College Washington to demonstrate. She an­ antiwar movement's adopting as its who charged that the antiwar move­ and Kent State University. The Na­ swered: "We haven't yet gotten the ma­ central demand "Set the Date!" If the ment was "a conspiracy to squash tional Peace Action Coalition will play jority of the American people, who antiwar movement, Gurewitz said, the revolution." It was over a half a key role in making the May 5 Mora­ in fact oppose the war, to get out in "with its meager resources can bring hour before the planned speakers' list torium an added powerful blow the streets and take massive, peace­ this many people to San Francisco was resumed. against the war in Indochina and the ful action against it." That is the task forces of repression at home. There before th!! antiwar movement. are 11 days between now and May 5. We call on everyone opposed to the war to organize massive demonstra­ tions in their communities and on their campuses May 5 to press the demand .SE for immediate withdrawal. Continued• • from page 11 Workers, AFSCME, ILWU, United Then, on May 15, NPAC and other Farm \Yorkers Organizing Committee, antiwar forces will join in building and the United Electrical Workers, demonstrations initiated by G Is and The Building Trades for Peace carried veterans to change the character of banners reading: "Construction: Yes/ Armed Services Day. Citizens are Destruction: No." urged to go to military bases in their The attendance at the rally had been areas that day to join in legal, peace­ over 500. The UAW chartered 10 ful demonstrations in solidarity with buses, which let out workers all along the constantly growing number of the route and at the Polo Grounds. antiwar G Is. Many unionists marched with other Throughout these activities, we must contingents or in the general march. build pressure to end the draft. The When at one point during the main draft law expires June 30. Abolition rally at the Polo Grounds, Paul will be a blow to the war. Our op­ Schrade, western regional director of position to continuation of the draft the U AW, asked all trade unionists must be so massive that any member to stand, thousands of demonstrators, Palestinians carry banner reading "Vietnam Pal­ Photo by Dovid Thora lad of Congress who votes for its renewal scattered evenly throughout the crowd, estine Solidarity" in Washington Third World will be committing political suicide. rose to their feet. In addition to these actions already contingent. scheduled, we of the National Peace Women and the number it has to Washington Most people at the rally did not Action Coalition . deem it imperative Almost 2,000 women assembled at today, then Nixon certainly has the know anything out of the ordinary that we reach out to and organize the Rossi Park for the 10:00 a.m. rally power to get the troops out of Vietnam had happened until they picked up millions of Americans who now op­ organized by Women United for April in a matter of days." their San Francisco Examiner the next pose the war. To achieve this, NPAC 24. The women sat on the grass in Eleven-year-old Adam Feerst of the morning, which featured this incident is launching a major drive to build in an attempt to overshadow the over­ the bright sun, listening intently to Diamond Heights Elementary School local peace action coalitions across the the speakers, including Eleanor Mob­ SMC passionately asked the crowd, all impact of the day's action. country. Fifty such local coalitions In contrast to Tapia, Phillip Vera ley of AFSCME at the University of "Are we too young to· question the have been built in the past nine Cruz from the United Farm Workers California at Berkeley, and the main war?" and back came the answer: months. Now we can and must estab- · Organizing Committee brought greet­ spokeswoman of the maids in their "NO!" lish many more. We need volunteers ings from Cesar Chavez and praised recent struggle for equal pay for equal Delia Alvarez, sister of the first pris­ this summer to organize for peace. If the work of the antiwar movemen.t work. A report of her discussions with oner of war, captured back in 1964 you can help in carrying this out, and "many of those here who have Indochinese women at the recent Van­ and today the longest-held POW in please contact the National Peace Ac­ any American war, charged Nixon helped the work of the farm workers." couver conference was given by Anita tion Coalition national office here in Bennett of Female Liberation in Berke­ with using the prisoner issue as an Other speakers included. Warren Washington. The address is 1029 Ver­ ley. The rally also heard from a gay excuse to continue the war. "Nixon Widener, new mayor of Berkeley; John mont Ave. N. W. · high school feminist from Los Angeles, would have us think that all prisoner­ T. Williams, an NPAC coordinator Our last convention,. held in Chicago and the Women's Street Theater pre­ of-war families support the war, but and a Teamster organizer from Los · last December, initiated the plans for sented a play on the invasion of Laos. this is not true. My brother is a vk­ Angeles; and Aileen Hernandez, pres­ April 24. Today's giant outpouring The contingent chanted, sang and tim of ·our government's inhumane ident of the National Organization for danced along its three-mile march to policies, not those of Vietnam." Women. is the result of the decisions of that the Polo Grounds. The predominantly Paul Schrade, western regional di­ The final speaker was Linda Jenness convention. The next one, on the July young women combined a strong feel­ rector of the UAW, read a telegram from the Socialist Workers Party, who 4th weekend, will be equally impor­ ing of sisterhood with militant oppo­ of support for the rally from Einar urged the marchers not to rely on Nix­ tant. Everyone is welcome and every­ sition to the war in Vietnam. As with Mohn, international vice-president of on, Congress, the Democratic or Re­ one attending will have a voice and the Raza and gay contingents, it was the Teamsters. Schrade explained how publican parties, but to rely only on vote. one of the largest demonstrations ever workers were affected by the war and themselves to end the war. Be with us to assure the unity, held by the women's liberation move­ why they are opposed to it. He called Following Jenness' talk, the chair­ growth and continuing activity of the ment in the West. on all candidates for the presidential man announced that the rally was antiwar movement. We cannot rest. By noon, the huge oval-shaped Polo nomination to devote their energies over. It was 4 p.m., the scheduled We must escalate our efforts until we Grounds were nearly half-filled, and to convening a special session of Con­ time for the rally to conclude: Several stop this war and open the way for the march was flowing in rapidly. By gress that would not adjourn until planned speakers had not spoken, in­ a future world of peace, progress and the time the last marchers had arrived, all the troops were withdrawn. cluding James Lafferty of NPAC, gay plenty for all people. the polo fields were overflowing. There One of the most popular speakers liberation speaker Morris Kight of Stop the war! OUT. NOW!

THE MlUTANT/ MAY 7, 1971 15 By TONY THOMAS pool of mairily Black and Brown must necessarily be laid on their ad­ whole working class against every In 1933, Leon Trotsky commented, workers who are either unemployed vocating freedom for the oppressed form of oppr~ssion- national, class, "Today, the white workers in relation. or paid very low wages. countries to secede and their fighting or sexist- that will lead to effective to the Negroes are the oppressors, Thus, white workers have the same for it. . . . It is our right and duty. unity against the capitalists. Mere a:n­ scoundrels, who persecute the Black principal enemy as Black workers­ to treat every Social-Democrat [i.e. tiracist platitudes are not enough. and the yellow, hold them in con­ the capitalist ruling class- and they revolutionist] of an oppressor nation For example, in recent years there tempt and lynch them .. : . must unite in a common struggle if who fails to conduct such propaganda have been massive struggles by "99. 9 percent of the American work­ this enemy is to be defeated. as a scoundrel and an imperialist." Blacks against the all-white hiring ers are chauvinists, in relation to the (Questions of National Policy and practices in some industries such as Negroes they are hangmen, and they Unity based on struggle Proletarian Internationalism, p. 171. the skilled construction trades. are so also toward the Chinese. It Monteiro believes that Black nation­ Emphasis added.) Not orily have employers mobilized is necessary to teach the American alism will divide the working class. Does Monteiro think that Lenin's against Black demands, but the all­ beasts. It is necessary to make them He also claims that comments like scathing denunciation of the chauvin­ white construction workers' job trusts understand that the American state Trotsky's reference to racist white ism of the workers of the oppressor have also fought demands that more is not their state and that they do workers as ''beasts" are "anti-Leninist" nation, like Trotsky's, was "divisive," Blacks be hired. In some cases, Blacks not have to be the guardians of this since "Lenin held that proletarian "anti-working-class," and "anti-Lenin­ have won employment concessions state.· Those American workers who unity was an imperative for the dic­ ist"? from the bosses but have been refused say, 'The Negroes should separate tatorship of the proletariat." By refusing to support the demands entry into unions and apprentice pro­ when they desire and we will defend grams controlled by privileged, rac­ them against our American police'­ ist· white workers. Would Monteiro those are revolutionists, I have con­ deny that the maintenance of these fidence in them." (Leon Trotsky on white job trusts is the work of "beasts" Black Nationalism and Self-Determi­ and "scoundrels?' nation, Pathfinder Press. pp. 14-17.) It is orily in fighting against such Is this denunciation of racism with­ practices, supported by the bosses and in the white working class "anti-work­ the union bureaucrats, that any unity ing-class," "reactionary" or "divisive"? in struggle for working-class interests Tony Monteiro of the Young Workers WHITE can be achieved. The burden is on Liberation League and the Commu­ the white workers, not the Black, and nist Party thinks so. abstract statements will not be suffi­ · Monteiro, in an April 9 speech given cient. in New York, "Trotskyism, Racist WORKERS The long teachers' strike in Newark Voice on the Left," commented about ended a couple of weeks ago with a these and similar statements by Trot­ weakened union because the Newark sky and other supporters of Black Teachers Union bureaucrats refused nationalism: "This approach is not AND to support and fight for the just de­ orily incorrect, it is dangerous. Its mands of the Black community to most obvious conclusions would be control its own schools. Because the that the unity of the working class BI,ACK teachers were unable to mobilize wide and proletarian internationalism support for their strike, the Board would mean the collaboration between of Education was able to grind theii) the oppressor and the oppressed. It down and force them back to work­ is a position that clearly militates NATIONALISM substantially on the board's condi­ against socialism and the victory of tions. the working class and the liberation There will probably be more such of oppressed nations and nationali­ setbacks for the working class due· ties." to the racist refusal of union bureau­ Denouncing Trotsky's condemna­ crats to support and take up the fight tion of the racism of white workers, for the demands of the Black com­ Monteiro contended that white work­ munity. But through these conflicts, ers really don't oppress Blacks, and white workers will learn that victory that such an attack on the racism depends on unity, and that unity can of white workers is a diversion from only be achieved on the basis of sup­ fighting the ruling class, the principal porting the struggle for Black self­ source of racism in this country. determination. Monteiro is dead wrong. Just as all U.S. workers have economic and Vanguard role social privileges that result from the Monteiro also cannot understand exploitation of the colonial world by Trotsky's statement that African­ U.S. imperialism, white workers have Americans, as the most oppressed sec­ privileges that result from the oppres­ tion of the working class, with nothing sion of all Blacks. As a norm, white to lose and everything to gain, might workers and their families have bet­ play the vanguard role in the struggle ter jobs, housing, education, and against capitalist domination. health facilities. Monteiro quoted Trotsky: "It is then possible that the Negroes will become Not in workers' interests the most advanced section [of the Monteiro attempted to bolster his working class] ... the Negroes also attacks on Trotsky and others who through self-determination will pro­ condemn racism within the working ceed to the proletarian dictatorship class by quoting Lenin, who said: in a couple of gigantic strides, ahead "... if a Ukrainian Marxist allows of the great bloc of the white workers." himself to be swayed by his ... ha­ Monteiro selectively quoted orily this tred of the Great Russian oppressor, sentence, hoping to mislead people in­ to such a degree that he transfers to thinking that revolutionary social­ even a partiele of his hatred ... to ists see the .radicalization of Blacks the proletarian culture, proletarian as something unrelated to the radical­ cause of the Great Russian workers, ization of whites. However, if Monteiro had read Trot­ then such a Marxist gets bogged down To realize its full strength in unity, the entire working class must strug­ in bourgeois nationalism." sky further, he would have learned. Contrary to Monteiro's opinion, at­ ·gl·e for the d.emands of the most oppressed workers. In Sea1tle, on that Blacks "... will furnish the van­ tacks on the privileges and racism Sept; 11, 1970, "white workers walked off their jobs in support ~f de­ guard. I am absolutely sure that they of white workers are hardly attacks mands by the Black United Construction W,rkers Association, forcing will in any case fight better than the on the "proletarian culture and pro­ a federal judge to rule the .same day that 90 Blacks must be hired white workers. That, however, can happen only provided that the Com­ letarian cause" of the workers in this by Oct. 1. country, either Black or white. Racist munist Party carries on an uncom­ privileges are totally contrary to the promising merciless struggle not orily interests of the working-class cause against the supposed national prepos­ and struggle against capitalist rule. Urilike Monteiro, however, Lenin of Black workers and the Black com­ sessions of the Negroes but against was for unity in struggle against spe­ munity, racist white workers and or­ the colossal prejudices of the white The few extra privileges permitted cial privileges such as those most ganizations that reflect their views or workers and gives it no concession by American imperialism to white white American workers have. Like prejudices prevent the unity of the whatever." workers cannot., in the long run, over­ Trotsky, Lenin understood that if the working class in a struggle against Monteiro, unable to understand the come the effects of their class exploi­ workers of an oppressor nation are the racist oppressors of Black peo­ elementary strategic concept that the tation as workers. They cannot in­ to forge unity with those of the op­ ple and working people. Black na­ most oppressed fight the hardest, definitely block the deepening of class pressed nation, it is absolutely neces­ tionalism, by refusing to subordinate found this statement a "ridiculous," consciousness. Racist illusions and sary to attack the chauvinism of the · the demands of Black people to rac­ "anti-working-class" attack on white privileges cannot obliterate the effects workers of the oppressor nation. .ism from any quarter, prevents one workers. Such mawkish and paternal­ of unemployment, wars, inflation, Terms similar to Trotsky's ''beasts," fo:rm of destructive "working-class istic romanticization of white workers union busting, and other consequences "scoundrels," and "hangmen" were far unity"- unity of the workers around orily leads Monteiro to reject the na­ of capitalism that all workers face. from alien to Lenin. a program of adaptation to racism. tionalist. awakening now taking place In fact, failure to combat oppression Lenin said in 1916: "In the inter­ and to deny the key role it is already of Blacks helps keep the wages of nationalist education of the workers Support Black struggles playing in leading the way to a mass all workers down by creating a large of the oppressor countries, emphasis It is the deepening struggle of the working-class radicalization.

16 . ' Black sludeals back Cairo By MARSHA COLEMAN the League of Revolutionary Black tion that marched through Pyramid 1,500 CAIRO, ILL.- The Second Anniver­ Workers of Detroit, the Young Social­ Courts- the Black housing project sary Cairo Survival Conference held ist Alliance, and Black Student Unions that has been one of the focal points in Carbondale and Cairo, Illinois, across the country entered this dis­ of the Cairo struggle- to the Cairo .women April 16-17 was attended by some cussion. One of the highlights of this police station. Slogans like "Black 1,000 Black students from all over portion of the conference wa-s a speech Power" and "Soul Power" dominated the country. There was a nationwide by Bill Hampton, brother of slain the march, while state police and FBI rally in Black student representation from Illinois Black Panther Party Chair­ agents attempted to intimidate the places as far apart as Los ·Angeles, man Fred Hampton. marchers by taking their pictures. . Detroit and Washington, D. C. On the second day, the conference There will be a "National Leader­ Boston· The conference began at Southern moved to Cairo. Charlene Williams, ship in Struggle People's Solidarity Illinois University in Carbondale on one of the leaders of the National Day" in Cairo on June 19. All sup­ By CHRIS HILDEBRAND ,the morning of April 16. The first Solidarity Party- a Cairo community porters of the Cairo struggle are in­ BOSTON- About 1,500 women par­ speaker was James Charif, chief of group- described the recent interna­ vited. ticipated in Women's Liberation Day· staff. of the United Front of Cairo, tional women's conferences held in For information, write the C,airo activities here. April 17. The day was who stressed the need for strict dis­ Canada and the need to relate to the United Front, P. 0. Box 544, Cairo, organized by the New England Wom­ cipline amongst Black people in our suffering of the Vietnamese people, es­ Ill. 62914. Money for bail and other en's Coalition (NEWCO), a coalition · struggle for liberation. pecially the Vietnamese women. costs of the continuing struggle in Cai­ of 28 groups throughout the region. He was followed by the Rev. Charles The conference formed a demonstra- ro is needed. About 15 women carrying a 30-foot Koen, executive director of the Cairo banner saying, "Women of the world, United Front. Koen discussed the ba­ unite," led a spirited march of 1,000 sis on which the Front has been built women through the streets of down­ and went on to say, "If we are forced town Boston to the bandstand on the to build a nation, then we will fight Common. for it. We as Black folk must liberate The rally was chaired by Nancy the world, or we will die in a corrupt Williamson, from Female Liberation, system." who elaborated on the five demands Students were urged to come to Cai­ of the demonstration: Free abortion ro for the summer to work on the on demand, no .forced sterilization; land and to help the economic boy­ free, 24-hour, community-controlled cott. Koen stressed the need for books, child-care centers; equal wor-k and medical supplies, clothing, and money equal pay; equal educational oppor­ for bail and other purposes to help tunities; and an end to all laws regu­ the people of Cairo in their struggle. lating private sexual behavior. Members of Friends of Cairo support Speakers at the rally included Flo­ groups across the country will orga­ rence Luscomb, an 84-year-old femin­ nize .the summer program. ist who spoke of her 79 years.. of ac­ The rest of the session centered on tivity in the women's movement, and discussions of the experiences of the Florynce Kennedy, a Black feminist struggle in Cairo. The mass organiza­ lawyer from New York City who tion of armed self-defense, the econ­ spoke of a suit she is initiating chal­ omic boycotts, and the United Front lenging the tax-exempt status of the ..el-eCtion campaign were seen as very Catholic Church because of its lobby­ Photo by Carl Hampton/United Front relevant to the nationwide struggle of ing activities against abortion repeal. Participants in nt:~tion(.d survival conference pack hall Black people. She also encouraged women to involve Brother Imari,· from the Republic in Cairo, Ill., April 17. National student conference themselves politically, pointing out as of New Africa, and representatives of was called by Cairo United Front. an example the campaign of Jeanne Lafferty from the Socialist Workers Party for mayor of Boston. Maryanne Weathers, of the Black and Third World Women's Alliance and Female Liberation, spoke at N.Y. womea discuss rape length about the myth that feminism is opposed to nationalism. She said By TERRY HARDY that Black nationalist feminists have NEW YORK- Some 250 women attended a conference on aren't committed in public or with witnesses, our legal sys­ to break down the lies about the Black rape· April 17 organized by the New York Radical Fem­ tem ends up condoning this criminal act. matriarchy and that the right to abor­ inists. It was also pointed out that in 1960, 8 percent of all tion is· genocide. She pointed out the· The opening plenary session was addressed by Mary identified rapists were convicted, but by 1967 this had necessity for community control of Molenski, a New York State district attorney; Florence fallen to 2.5 percent. · abortion clinics. "How can it be geno­ Rush, a social worker for the Cooperative College of The majority of rapes go unreported. When the woman cide if it's controlled by the Black the State University of New York; Dr. Phyllis CheSler, knows her assailant; she is often afraid of reprisals- phys­ community?" she asked. member of the Association ·for Women Psychiatrists; and ical, economic or social. She may feel that the rape known Other speakers were Sam Mondy­ others. may give her a bad name or cause her to lose her job. kowski from the YWCA; Davida Car-­ The plenary was followed by a series of workshops on · A badly shaken woman who has been raped cannot ven from the Working Women's Work­ such topics as the "cultural climate" of hostility to women, look for .sy~pathy from the police if she wishes to make shop, a group that came out of the "rape as social policy," incest and child molestation, im­ a report. Women told how. the- uniform reaction is one of New England Congress to Umte mediate' demands, self-defense, marriage, and prostitution.. · ·callousness and disbelief, as if. the assault had been pro­ Women; and representatives from gay Following the workshops, reports from eaCh were given voked by the woman rather than being seen as an attack liberation. to the general body. against her. There is a common belief that every woinan · Booths were set up by various wom­ The main "theme that ran through the coriferene'e discus­ really wants to be raped. This condemns her as inhe!ently en's organizations and task forces of sion was how the sexist society in which we live is respon­ a sexual seducer, as does the assertion- without medical NEWCO. Two -of the future activities sible for perpetuating the degradation and dehumanization validity- that a healthy adult woman cannot be raped projected were a class actioncourtchal­ against her will. · of women as sexual objects. This process ofdehumaniza-. lenge of the Massachusetts· abortion tion makes it easier for a man to excuse his unfeeling and The women discussed how the aim of these and other laws and a referendum in Cambridge misconceptions about rape is to hide the social and polit­ often violent relations with women. Our culture reiDrorces to get free, 24-hour, community-con­ _this form of oppression of women through the advertising ical nature of rape and make it a personal problem with trolled child care. personal responsibility- an attempt by society to make and communications media, spoken and visual arts, ·lit­ Women from the Northshore Fem­ the victim the criminal and the criminal the victim. erature, songs and ballads. inists had a booth on the Salem witch The workshop reports indicated that lively discussions Speakers pointed out that to the emotionally and mentally trial. Female Liberation had a booth took place in all the workshops and one thing that per­ unstable male in our society, these constant reinforcements wifl\ a dart gun to shoot prominent vaded all reports was the need for self-defense for women. of his already warped perception of women prod him to sexists, such as Nixon, Tom Jones, Some women felt that a way to begin solving the prob­ strike out at women in the most brutal way he knows. Un­ Andy Warhol, and Agnew. And for lem of rape was to hire more policewomen and have them doubtedly, rape is one of the most common ways to hu­ a penny, women could vote for the handle rape cases. Other women countered that to ask this miliate and violate the dignity of women as human beings. worst sexist of their choice. David system to increase its campaign of law and order was not In the opening sessions, Mary Molenski informed those Susskind won. at the conference that New York has one of the strictest the solution. · rape corroboration statutes in the country. Every single Most workshops planned to continue meeting, as the wo­ element of .a rape has to be corroborated by someone IQen felt that much more political discussion was needed other than the woman who is the victim. Since most rapes a'round this "taboo" issue.

THE MILITANT/ MAY 7, 1971 17 ' .... -.... ,.

Ceylon News, accused the young rebels of being agents of ilnperialism: "In the JVP we are confronted with a potentially fascist and terroristic ... Ceylon movement, which serves the interests of sinister forces who have not yet Continued from page 4 declared their hand: . . " of provocation staged by the govern­ Yet it was precisely to the "sinister The National . ment itself as a pretext for cracking forces" of imperialism that Bandara­ down on the JVP. naike and her Stalinist and ex-Trot­ The bourgeois coalition regime, skyist allies appealed for military aid which came to power in May 1970 to crush the burgeoning revolution. Picket Line in a landslide victory and which is The imperialists were quick to respond. The 1969 Coal Mine Health and Safety Act is now under attack from mirtf · led by Bandaranaike's bourgeois Sri The main suppliers thus far have been · owners on the outlandish charge that it is "killing miners." Behind this pious Lanka Freedom Party, is on the verge Britain and the United States. An April expression of concern for the men who dig coal lurks the real reason for the of bankruptcy and has been moving 13 AP dispatch from Colombo re­ attack. Charges that the 1969 law is forcing small owners out of business have sharply to the right in an effort to ported: "A U.S. Air Force plane· been made by a spokesman for the Coal Operators ·and. Associates (COA)~, reassure potential investors. The cur­ landed in the capital of this strife­ a 400-member-organization of small mine operators. 1' rent emergency shows that its course tom nation today with vitally needed The organization plans to go to court for an injunction against the Burea'l has been dictated not only by a de­ spare parts for Ceylon's air foree, of Mines on the grounds that penalties have been levied under improper proi sire to impress its imperialist bankers which has stepped up attacks against cedures. It also plans to begin lobbying activity ih Washington to get the Saf~ · with its respectability, but also by a a youthful rebel force. .. ·. ty~chan~ · ' growing awareness of the rapid ero­ "Six U. S.-built helicopters were be­ COA President Robert Holcomb says that a year ago he had six mines work­ sion of its own electoral and social ing readied by Britain for immediate ing. Now he has only three, employing about 50 men. He claims that the fir&t­ base. shipment to Ceylon to give govern­ " serious" accident in his mines since 1955 occurred only recently and that the This is apparently why it decided ment forces more mobility in fighting Safety Act caused the accident- a collision between a vehicle and a group of to move against the JVP. The JVP the hit-and-run guerrillas.... miners. He contends it was due to the curtains now q~ng between the sh8.fts to. has been developing since 1966. A "British small arms and ammuni· control the flow of air for purposes of health and safety. ~ section of its leadership came from the tion were being airlifted to Colombo He also claims that the new paper work under the act kept his foremen toQ~ pro-Moscow Communist Party. After from Singapore." · busy to supervise the men-implying that tb,e foremen usually look out for the spending a short · time in the pro­ The Soviet Union has also-decided workers' safety rather than pressing them to dig more coal. · Peking Communist Party, they left it to aid the Pentagon in crushing the A Bureau of Mines district supervisor, Joseph Malesky, who attended a recent also and formed their own organi­ Ceylonese revolution. The ·commander COA meeting, said he had tried to explain the enforcement policy to the opera:­ zation. The JVP supported the coali­ of Ceylon's army, Major General tors but had "met with a lot of hostility." Malesky expressed concern lest the tion parties during the May 1970 elec­ Sepala Attygalle, confirmed on April enforcement of the act would drive many small operators· out of the coall mJ.n:. tions but rapidly became alienated 21 that the Soviet government was ing field. "Take a man who has $100,000 worth of equipment, his whole life's from them. providing six MIG-17 jet fighters, with investment. Now the Act comes along and tell's him he can't use this equipmeJ:lt In August 1970, the JVP began a complete fii~ht and ground crews, to any more. . . . He comes to you With tears. in his eyes and ~sks how he can series of mass public meetings to ex- · help liquidate the threat to capitalist continue to make his livelihood. It's not pleasant when· you know these peopl~·• plain its position. The first, on Aug. rule in Ceylon. Profits are holy-but humans are expendable. ,· 10, was attended by 10,000 people. Other countries that have shipped \ .. ~ •: Attendance at subsequent meetings was arms or aircraft to Colombo include Harry Van Arsdale, president of the New York City Taxi Drivers union (an(J as high as 20,000. Faced with a cam­ India, Pakistan, the United Arab Re­ also president of the city's Central Labor Council) has agreed to hold a neW' paign of police harassment and gov­ public, and Yugoslavia.. election for union officers. Three dissident members of the taxi union, all of ernment-inspired intimidation, the JVP The young rebels, according to _an them cahdidates in the last election, filed charges against Van Arsdale ang began looking for allies. It has since AP dispatch from Colombo Aprill2, · the union executive committee with the Labor Department. The complaint ~arge~l been collaborating politically in build­ are estimated to number about80,000. that the union bureaucracy had denied the membership a: reasonable.;;;o.ppo~ ing its mass rallies and defending it­ Goyernment forces are believed to to­ tunity to nominate candidates and had also denied some memben tht'-, .. f. · self with other groups, including the tal no more than 25,000. The rebels to vote. Ceylon Mercantile Union, plantation have met with widespread sympathy, The Labor Department found that there was "probable cause to believe thai'' workers, and the Lanka Sarna Samaja especially in the rural areas, where . violations of the Landrum-,Griffin .Act had occurredi'Q. the UibiOn'.aiaat election.•: · Party (,Revolutionary),. the Ceylonese most of .• the Ceylonese people liv~ · Van Arsdale said he was not fighting tl).e. ~~oi''~·ar.t::rifling::,~a\t~ section of the Fourth International.. Sterba's report. in the April 25 New he wanted to avoid a costly court battle. ·' Faced with mass arrests on .frame­ York· .Times challenges the govern­ Could it be that the anger and frustration expressed by a recent lafge meetl.ngi;' up charges, the young and relatively ment's repeated assertion that the of the Taxi Drivers union had something to dowith Mr. Van Arsdale's co.~1:t inexperienced radicals of the JVP ap­ youthful insurgents have been reduced pliance? . . : • .-· . _· parently chose to use arms to defend to scattered "pockets" of resistance: After a strike last month, cab fares in Fun City went up 45 percenti.; the cal)£ .. themselves from the government re­ "In at least nine areas of the coun~ drivers supposedly -getting 49 percent of each fare, with the first 10 c.ents oli pression. The armed resistance did try, covering hundreds of square the meter to be paid into their pension fund. Since the strike was settled, the. not begin until April 5, almost three miles, the· rebels maintain control un­ drivers have continued to get only 41 percent of each fare and they are Wflll;-; weeks after a sta:e of emergency- was contested by government forces. In dering what is happening to the 10 cents per fare pension fund payments. They declared March 16, and after many some of these areas, they have taken wondered at the meeting to the point where a general fight broke out and some­ prominent leaders of the JVP were over government and village offices, body threw a steel chair at Van Arsdale's head. He ducked but still had to be already in jail. trucks and other equipment, and the escorted through the back door by a police guard (conveniently at hand). "Students of seesaw politics of Cey­ population has not fled." lon," writes the Christian Science Mon­ The government has adopted dic­ The Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America has presented proposals for itor April 15, "who foresaw as long tatorial methods in all areas of pub­ "substantial" wage increases for its 125,000 members in the new national con­ ago as four or five m~nths the dec­ lic life in its efforts to smash the grow­ tract now under negotiations. ·· laration · of an emergency and the ing opposition. In addition to the mil­ The Clothing Manufacturers Ass'n immediately replied that it "woulq be ~; crackdown on the extreme left, view itary opetations, press censorship, and the best interests of all parties concerned that there be no wage increase in th~. the current crisis as a calculated ef­ curfew, there is a ban on public meet­ first year of our new national contract." ·~ fort by Mrs. Bandaranaike and the ings. Uneonfirmed reports say that Union sources said that wage increases so far won in the industry are wa.J; nationalist partisans in her coalition 28 members of parliament have been below the national average-from $2.41 per hour to $3.51, with the average government to show the world as wen jailed for expressing sympathy with $2.91. as her own Trotskyite allies .that her the rebels. Most of the workers in the garment industry are women, a majority of _them government will not be dragged or A measure of the seriousness of the Black or Puerto Rican, most of them family heads. Their wages are so low that . pushed any further leftward than her. present crisis for the regime is that some of them work full time yet require supplemental welfare payments to feed democratic socialist image dem~ds." Bandaranaike .is said to be openly their families. (Emphasis added.) disctissing expanding her "leftist" co­ The bosses' organization claims· that th~ are unable to pay any wage .in- , As for Bandaranaike's "Trotskyite" alition to include the far right Unlted creases because "the recession has had... an adverse impact on consumer · allies, these renegades from Marxism, National Party. UNP leader Junius spending for tailored clothing" and because of a "mounting and uncontrolled who were expelled from the world Jayewardene is quoted in the April flood of clothing imports which have been deluging .our country." ? '" Trotskyist movement in 1964 when 25 ~ew York Times as advocating "A wage increase during the coming year," said Richard Adler, chairman' they first allied themselves witli the Sri a capitalist dictatorship as a solution of the Clothing Manufacturers, "would create further unemployment and re-~: Lanka Freedom Party, have been to the radical unrest: "Democracy is· duced earnings among members of the union. . . and encourage further pene:" among the most vociferous defenders finished in this country. You have to tration of off-shore competition and nonunion manufacturers in the U.S." of the army's slaughter of radical have peace and .stability to have de­ In other words, the garment workers are being asked to keep on working at· youth. Leslie Goonewardene, minister mocracy, and Ceylon has neither." · almost starvation wages just so they can keep on working. of communications and a _long-time "Some observers speculate that Mrs. -MARVEL SCHOLL leader of the reformist LSSP, onMarcli Bandaranaike may try to form a co­ 18 called on the army to "wipe. out" alition of all the political groups in the rebel youth. the country to preserve what stability These ·ex~Trotskyists, together with remains," Sterba reports. "But by do­ the pro-Moscow Communist Party, ing this, she might tempt the left-wing must bear responsibility for the parties to throw support to the insur­ slaughter that is now sweeping Gii!ylon. · . gents and in a series of nationwide The Stalinist leader Keuneman, in a strikes topple the government and seize speech reported in the April 15 wE!ekly power."

18 The following article by Rosa Luxemburg was originally And instead of the new upward development of democ­ published in English translation without any indication racy in the state, a miserable collapse of the last remnants of .the date it was written, or where it first appeared. Lux­ of bourgeois liberalism and bourgeois democracy.... emburg refers, however, to the upcoming celebration of Everywhere the revolutionary working class today sees the twenty-fifth anniversary of the first May Day. It was itself alone confronted by the compact, hostile reaction in 1886 that American workers first designated May 1 of the ruling classes and by their energetic attacks, which as the day for a general work stoppage and 200,000 are aimed at them alone. Rosa stayed off the job to demand an eight-hour day. The twenty-fifth anniversary of this date would be 1911. The era of imperialism Luxemburg also emphasizes the need for mass work­ The "sign" under which this. whole development on the ing-class actions to postpone the "threatening world con­ economic and political field has been carried out, the Luxerrtug flagration" of the impending First World War. The ar­ formula according to which its results may be traced ticle thus had to be written before the outbreak of the back is: IMPERIALISM. This is not a new element, not war in 1914. an unexpected veering in the general historical course of The Exception Law that Luxemburg mentions was an capitalist society. Military preparations and war, inter­ the antisocialist law adopted in 1878 at Bismarck's behest. on national conflicts and colonial policies, have accompanied • The law, which forced the German social-democratic par­ the history of capital from its cradle. It is the extreme aug­ ty into semi-clandestinity, was repealed in 1890. mentation of these elements, the concentration and gigantic mean1ng Luxemburg also speaks of the "excellent proposal of outburst of these conflicts, which have resulted in a new the Frenchman Lavigne" at the first international labor epoch in the development of present-day society. congress in Paris in 1889. Lavigne was a delegate of the In dialectic reciprocal action- at the same time result of French trade unions from Bordeaux. When the congress and cause of the powerful accumulation of capital and resolved to fight for the eight-hour day, Lavigne proposed of the consequent sharpening and intensifying of the con­ that this demand be backed up by a universal workers' tradiction between capital and labor within and between holiday in all countries. The convention designated May the capitalist states without-has imperialism entered upon May Day 1, 1890, as the date for the first international demon­ its final phase, the violent division of the world by the stration of this kind. assault of capital. A chain of continual, unprecedented This article first appeared in the May 1935 issue of competitive military preparations on land and sea in all Young Spartacus, published by the Spartacus Youth capitalist countries, a chain of bloody wars, which have Leage. The Spartacus Youth League was affiliated to the spread from Africa to Europe and which any moment Workers Party of the United States, which was a pre­ may fan the glowing sparks to a world conflagration; decessor of the Socialist Workers Party. in addition, for years the phantom of the high cost of living, of mass hunger throughout the whole capitalist When May Day demonstrations were held for the first world, which can no longer be banished- these are the time, the vanguard of the (Second) International, the "signs" under which labor's world holiday will soon cele­ German working class, was just at the point of breaking brate the twenty-fifth anniversary of its existence. And each the chains of a disgraceful Exception Law and of entering of these "signs" is a flaming testimonial to the living truth upon the path of a free, legal development. The period of and power of the ideas of the May Day celebration. prolonged depression in the world market, since the crash The brilliant main idea of the May Day celebration is of the seventies, had been overcome and capitalist economy the independent action of the proletarian masses, is the had entered directly upon an era of resplendent develop­ political mass action of the millions of workers, who other­ ment that was to last almost a decade. wise can give expression to their own will only through Likewise the world had recovered, after twenty years petty parliamentary action, separated by state boundaries of uninterrupted peace, from recollections of that war and consisting for the most part only in voting for rep­ period in which the modern European state system had resentatives. received its bloody christening. The path appeared free The excellent proposal of the Frenchman Lavigne at for a quiet cultural development. the International Congress in Paris [1889] combined this Illusions, hopes for a peaceful settlement between capital indirect parliamentary manifestation of the will of the and labor, sprouted forth luxuriantly among the ranks proletariat with a direct international mass manifestation, of the socialists. Proposals to hold out "the open hand to the laying down of tools as a demonstration and fighting good will" marked the beginning of the nineties; promises tactic for the eight-hour day, world peace and socialism. of an imperceptible, "gradual evolution" into socialism No wonder the whole development, the aggregate ten­ marked their end. Crises, wars and revolutions were con­ dency of imperialism in the last decade, has been to bring sidered outworn theories, mere swaddling clothes of mod­ ever plainer and more tangibly before the eyes of the ern society; parliamentarism and trade unionism, democ­ international working class the realization that only the racy in the state and democracy in industry were to oplm independent action of the broadest masses, their own po­ the gates to a new and better order. litical action, mass demonstrations, mass strikes-which The actual course of events played frightful havoc with must sooner or later break forth into a period of revo­ all' these illusions. In place of the promised mild social­ lutionary struggles for state power- can give the correct reformist development of culture, since the end of the answer of the proletariat to imperialist politics. nineties a period of the most violent, extreme sharpening At this moment of frenzied military preparations and of of capitalist conflicts has set in, a period of storm and war orgies, it is only the resolute fighting stand of the stress, of crashes and turmoil, of tottering and trembling working masses, their ability and readiness for powerful in the very foundations of society .... mass action, which still maintains world peace, which can After two decades of world peace, there followed in the still postpone the threatening world conflagration. And the final decade of the last century six bloody wars and in the more the May Day idea, the idea of resolute mass action first decade of the new century four bloody revolutions. as demonstrations of international solidarity and as a Instead of social reforms- sedition bills, imprisonment fighting tactic for peace and for socialism, strikes root, bills and jailings; instead of industrial democracy- the the greater guarantee we shall have that from the world powerful concentration of capital in cartels and employers' war-which will inevitably take place sooner or later­ associations and the international practice of giant lock­ there will result an ultimately victorious settlement between outs. the world of capital and that of labor. Negotiations with postal union stalled By FRANK LOVELL will undoubtedly be carried out on The negotiator for the Postal Service the first postal strike in history was The Board of Governors of the new time and in full. But bargaining for is James P. Blaisdell, an old hand. the Manhattan-Bronx Postal Union, semi-independent U.S. Postal Service postal workers' pay raises is at a He is under no pressure to submit affiliated with the independent Nation­ has decided to complete the transition standstill. an offer to the unions because the al Postal Union. The NPU has been from the old postal system to the new This bargaining began more than scheduled course of negotiations is considering merger with other unions by July 1. They have also decided to three months ago, on Jan. 20. Most outlined in advance. and AFL-CIO affiliation. The Manhat­ spend more than $1.5-billion for 56 of the seven "recognized" unions are The Federal Mediation and Concil­ tan-Bronx branch, for instance, has new postal facilities and machinery; AF L-C IO affiliates. Two of the largest iation Service is now undertaking established a close working relation­ to use the U. S. Army Corps of En­ postal unions, the National Postal "fact-finding," after which the negotia­ ship with the militant Letter Carriers gineers as construction agent for their Union and the National Alliance of tors will return to the bargaining table Branch 36. These are the two key expansion and automation program; Postal and Federal Employees, are for another 45 days. If no agreement organizations that have demonstrated to fill 5,714 postmaster vacancies, to independent and excluded from the is reached by July 20, the issues in that they know how to use the right raise postal rates "about the middle bargaining table. dispute will go to an arbitrator whose to strike when necessary, and neither of May," and "to establish a new wage decision will be binding on both union is likely to petition for a right they schedule (through collective bargain­ Barnard Cushman, a Washington and management. know is already theirs. ing with the unions holding national attorney who was hired by the AFL­ Even James Rademacher, president The other large independent union, exclusive recognition rights) reducing CIO unions as their chief negotiator, of the Letter Carriers union, who op­ the National Alliance of Postal and to not more than eight years the time says he "never witnessed anything like posed the 1970 strike of postal work­ Federal Employees, has a long his­ required for bargaining unit employ­ it." He was quoted by the April 25 ers, is now talking about the need to tory dating back to -1913, when it ees to reach the top pay step in grade." Washington Star as saying, "I have petition Congress for the right of post­ was organized to represent Black never seen a situation where manage­ al workers to strike. postal workers denied membership in This last decision commands atten­ ment refused to make even a token other organizations. tion because it is the one about which offer on wages and fringe benefits." Others have different ideas. Letter The fight in the post offices now oc­ most is known. If the others are pro­ The union's negotiator is reportedly Carriers Branch 36, the New York curs over the new system of speedup gressing at the same rate as this one, asking for wage raises of about 40 affiliate of Rademacher's union, was and layoffs. These can become strike not much has been done. Progress percent over a two year period, more one .of the first to walk out last March. issues if the negotiations are dragged has been made for sure on spending sick leave, better health and life in­ It has since elected more militant of­ out through the summer months. This the first $1.5-billion in public funds, surance benefits, and a 35-hour work ficers. time the postal workers are better pre­ and the decision to raise postal rates week. The other union that helped start pared.

THE MILITANT/ MAY 7, 1971 19 Theater Books Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen. Directed by Patrick Soledad Brother: The Prison Letters of George Jaclcson by George Garland. Playhouse Theatre, New York. Jackson. Bant,om Books. paperback: New York, 1970. 256 pp. $1.50 _This production of Hedda Gabler is flawless. Each char­ George Jackson is a Black man who, though not yet 30, has spent a thitd of acter is well-drawn, but Claire Bloom's portrayal of the his life 'in prison, and' most of that in solitary confinement The letters were complex Hedda is magnificent. written to his family (including his brother Jonathan), lawyer Fay Stender, ·By society's standards, Hedda. should be deliriously Angela Davis, and others. happy. In the prime .of her life, she has married Tesman Jonathan Jackson was killed Aug. 7, 1970, while attempting to free several (Roy Shuman), soon to be appointed to an important Black prisoners standing trial in San Rafael, Calif. Besides Jackson, a judge professorship. This ineffectual but likable family man who had been taken hostage and two prisoners were killed in a shoot-out adores her but is no match for her proud beauty. He outside the coulihouse. It is on charges arising from this shoot-out that An­ has purchased the home he thought she desired, and gela Davis is awaiting trial with Ruchell Magee. has gone out on a financial limb by lavishly furnish­ Ge<>rge Jackson and the two other "Soledad Brothers," Fleeta Drumgo and ing it and by taking an extended honeymoon. Yet Hedda, John Cluchette, are being framed up for the death of a white guard at Soledad confronted with a pregnancy she will not admit, and Prison after three Black inmates had been shot to death by guards during a trapped in a small-town existence, sees a life of desperate fight with white prisoners. Soledad Brother has broader significance, however, than its relation to the bleakness ahead of her. Hedda is offered the possibility of a discreet affair on frame-up trial of Davis and Magee. The California prison system has in the past year seen a number ofmass actions by convicts, primarily Black: sit-down the side by an intimate friend of the family, Judge Brack strikes, work stoppages, and refusal to leave cells. Jackson is in the prison (Robert Gerringer). In these scenes between Hedda and vanguard of the nationalist radicalization among Afro-Americans. That is Brack, one clearly sen~tes the distorted morality at work why he is being framed up. in the society. The judge is. delighted from his· male van­ The radicalization has made Black 'prisoners intensely aware of the nature tage-point to offer some behind-the-scenes fun-and-games. of their oppression. They find themselves in prison in disproportionate numbers, One senses too that he really is a family friend- this channeled there as a result of the social and economic inequalities inflicted upon affair is not in. conflict with the family but could actually Black people by U. S. capitalism. · serve as a kind of safety valve for it. Understanding That Black prisoners understand why they are in jail has been shown graph­ that this loveless, businesslike offer is just one more trap, ically by the demands they have raised in the California prison protests: re­ Hedda rejects it. habilitation under the control of the Black community, including Black pris- Caught within the double standard, Hedda is fascinated with the sexual underworld. Eilert Lovborg (Donald Mad­ den), the only man capable of winning her love, reap­ pears. She rejects the possibility of an affair with him but is nonetheless anxious to learn the details o( his vis­ its to tlie town prostitute. 'Revolted by her own impend­ ing motherhood, and shrinking from even her husband's touch, she rejects the roles she is socially destined to play­ but without any awareness of possible alternatives. She does not even seek her own freedom. Having ·al­ ways been an object, she does not expect to control her own destiny, but to dominate someone else's. The events that move the play a,long happen out in the real world, off-stage, where men have their bachelor par­ ties, where decisions are made. Hedda is constantly react­ ing to these events, always scrambling to exercise her influence. FREE ALL POLITICAL PRISONERS Hedda still believes in Prince Charming- that Lovborg will read his poetry with "vine leaves in his hair." But Logo for Soledad Brothers Defense Committee when a drunken binge destroys Prince Charming's career as a writer, she offers him one of her pistols and sug­ oners; payment of a minimum wage; Black studies, also under their control; gests that he extricate himself from the dilemma of life. and the right to read what they choose. Those demands point toward libera­ He does not die beautifully. After leaving her, he goes tion, not just better prison conditions. instead to the town prostitute, the gun goes off accidentally In several cases, too, the prisoners have tried to establish ties with the Black and he is shot in the groin. Hardly heroic, he dies as community outside. These are steps in the right direction, and will help to ineffectually as Tesman lives. insure that when the Black community develops the organizational form through With evidence he can use to blackmail her, Brack once which it can effectively fight for its liberation- a mass, Black political partY­ again proposes a discreet affair. Hedda, rather .than hav­ Blacl,t prisoners will be an integral part of that party's struggle and will con­ ing made an impact on human destiny, finds herself under tinue to furnish some of the most militant fighters for Black liberation. the control of another. She chooses suicide as a way out. Besides Black nationalism, Jackson has been profoundly influenced by other It is fitting that the judge, who thinks of .himself as ur~ nationalist struggles, particularly those of the Cubans and the Vietnamese bane and sophisticated, should have the last incredulous. ("I haven't felt so good since the Tet Offensive," he writes). He has not, like line of the play. His comment on her death reflects not Malcolm X and Eldridge Cleaver, been influenced by the Nation of Islam. only his own personal shock; it is also a s.ocial obser­ Throughout the book, there is a strong feeling of internationalism, of revolu­ vation that all who knew her must have made: Who would tionary commitment coupled with a cold, clear-headed rage at the oppression ever dream that Hedda would do anything of the sort? of his people, as well as personal strength in the face of acute physical and While Ibsen's Hedda Gabler was written in 1890, it intellectual isolation. · is a remarkably contemporary protrait of a woman's While Jackson's political development is intriguing ("I met Marx, Lenin, oppression within the family. Better than A Doll's House, Trotsky, Engels, and Mao when I entered prison and they redeemed me," he it still presents Hedda with no alternatives. A woman says), the letters leave little basis for any real appraisal of it other than to "cannot be herself in modern society," Ibsen wrote in "Notes note that they reflect the Black Panthers' preoccupation with picking up the for a Modern Tragedy." "It is an exclusively male so­ gun. Soledad Brother should not be read in expectation of seeing ·Jackson ciety, with laws made by men and with prosecutors and unfold the path to Black liberation, but rather as an indication of the revolu­ judges who assess female ·Conduct from a male stand­ tionary potential of the political consciousness of Black prisoners. point." The book has a serious shortcoming. There is simply not enough information -DIANNE FEELEY in it to get a feel for what has been happening to Jackson as a prisoner, either in solitary or as ·one of the framed-up Soledad Brothers. The letters are ar-. ranged in chronological order, but they do not appear to be all that Jackson wrote, and his relations with his correspondents often remain unclear. Major personal and political events are unmentioned or only alluded to. At the very least, the important points in the chronology deserve introductory notes. As it is, the reader cannot get a clear picture from the book alone of why Jackson is being framed. It thus misses an opportunity for the defense of the Soledad Brothers. . Still, Soledad Brother will join other Black prison literature, like Malcolm X's Autobiography, Eldridge Cleaver's Soul on Ice, and Etheridge Knight's Black Voices From Prison. in revealing the depth of the nationalist consciousness among this key sector of the African-American population.

-GEORGE JOHNSON

20 The following article is reprinted in ligation to supply w6rk for three of sight uritil ·one day you find out full from the April 15 issue of the years? that they have made him boss. of the United National Caucus, published in Tell the produCtion worker whojust factofY· We demand supervisors· who What Detroit by an opposition group in had his production raised after the have. at least theminimumknowledge the United Auto Workers union. It contract was signed that he has a con­ of our citizen rights. We spend most reflects a new awakening in the union tract for the life of the agreement. He of our waking hours at the work auto movement, examining the current re­ will tell you, "You are crazy! The cor­ place. Surely we have the right to evaluation of past practices and es­ poration has the right to do what demand that place be a livable place. tablished union procedures. It raises it wants to!" We hear a lot about freedom, justice, some of the most important demands A fine example of what a contract and law and order. As workers, we workers of young workers today, including is: sign an agreement to buy one of want them to function inside the fac­ the demand fo.r more jobs and short­ their cars, miss a couple of payments, tories as well as outside. er hours. We disagree that this par­ and they will quickly invoke that con­ We want to change the grievance want ticular demand should be contingent tract and separate the car from you. machinery-the corpqr~tion and the upon the ability of the employer to If we have a three-year contract with international union have it bogged . make a profit. The demand of "No the corporations, then we should not down in paper work. Little can be layoff for the contract period" is com-· be laid off during that period. If pro­ accomplished. Management fights it pletely valid and justified and .should duction standards are set prior to every step of the way by adding more be pressed by all unions as unem­ signing the agreement, then those stan­ and more secretaries and personnel ployment continues to mount. The au­ dards should not change through the directors and foremen for h aras~ment thor is a UAW shop committeeman life of the ·agreement. SO WE SAY purposes. at the GM Technical Center, Warren, IT'S NOT A CONTRACT. IT'S A This so-called retirement business is Mich., GM-UAW Local160. CORPORATION OPERATIONAL really a death plan. You're supposed MANUAL. to stay in the shop until you have We want a REAL CONTRACT. No saved enough money to bury your­ By RODGER McFADDEN layoff for the contract period as long self and have taught your kid how to As committeeman, I have been asked as the corporation makes a PROFIT. go into the plant and play the whole by my fellow workers about the We do not want production standards business over again as his father did. United National Caucus-what it's all to change in the middle of the agree­ Changes must be made in this area. about and what it's trying to accom­ ment. Just how much fun and frolic can plish. I would like to try and answer The shop committees are getting you have at 65? It's an illusion in those questions. · damned tired of being whipping boys someone's head. There is something We do not agree with management's for the corporation and international better. philosophy of the carrot in front of bureaucracy. Shop committees must The United National Caucus advo­ the donkey routine for workers. Their be given the power to carry out the cates: Every five years you get six philosophy is work hard, save your responsibilities they were elected to. months off with pay. money and one day you will be rich I have worked in shops and·· condi­ Don't get axcited about this being and able to quit work. I am sure tions where shop committees com­ a far-fetched idea or some radical de­ that after a few years in the plant manded great respect and could ac­ parture. Right now we have 10 per­ a worker quickly realizes that this complish a great deal. The boss lis­ cent of the work force laid off and philosophy will not work. You may tened when the committeeman spoke. some are on 95 percent of their take­ ask why. We must put that power back into the home pay. It can be done. It is only Our union negotiates contracts committees. a matter of what it is called, a vaca­ which give little or no protection to Furthermore, we are denied our con­ tion or a layoff. Besides, we have workers. The contract is more like stitutional rights within those plants. people, hard-core people who cannot an operational manual for the cor­ Wethink the Constitution of the United got jobs. This also will create oppor­ poration than a guarantee of any StateS; applies to its citizens when they tunity for them. Every person in the rights for the workers. It gives pro­ are at work; these plants are not is­ United States who wants to work tection to the corporate rights, per­ lands of dictatorships. We think all should be guaranteed a right to work petuates the leadership of the inter­ workers should have rights at the and a job if we seriously are interested national union, while denying workers work place. such as: . in lowering our taxes and raising our even their constitutional rights in the i) Every worker is entitled to a job standard of living. · plants. at a LIVING WAGE. Last but by no means least, we Any worker who believes they have 2) Cleari air to 'breathe and safetY must end all forms of .discrimination a three-year contract with the corpora­ in the shop. in . the work. place:.... discrilllinat}on tions.just has to ask our brothers and 3) Clean toilets and rest rooms. ~ainst race, cr¢ed; ~olor: a,ge, sell: or sisters who are currently on layoff 4) Clean cafeterias to eat lunch with national origin. We must have child and on the street and will quickly reasonably priced menus. care and liberal maternity leaves, realize that these unfortunates haven't . 5) Tolerable noise limits. issues seriously neglected in our con­ got anything. If we sign a contract We also object to our life and lib­ tracts. In short, we want a CON­ to work for the corporations for three erty being at the mercy of some half­ TRACT- NOT AN OPERATIONAL years, do they not also have an ob- wit relative who has been kept out MANUAL.

By ROBIN MAISEL bled every day of the strike, fined the cerned about the safety of the equip­ PHILADELPHIA- A meeting here Executive Board members $250 a day ment. The newest trolley car was pur­ Phila. April 21 of shop stewards and the -also to be doubled each day- and chased in 1953 and the subway cars leadership of Local 234 of the Trans­ imposed six-month jail terms on local on the Broad Street subway line are port Workers Union decided to urge President Dominic DiClerico and Sec­ older than most of the union'.s ·mem­ transport the ranks to end their strike against retary-Treasurer Joseph Donato. bership. the city division of the Southeastern On April 15, the union Executive In 1963, the union went out on Pennsylvania Transportation Author­ Board met and decided to bow to the strike for 19 days only to get 2 cents workers ity (SEPTA) and return to work for power of the court, the mayor and more than the company offer. The one week without a contract. Reluc­ the governor and ask the ranks to atmosphere then was one of demorali­ tantly, and under mounting pressure ·"return to work. DiClerico and Donato zation. This time it has been quite from the city and state, the. union were released from jail and the fines' different, with strikers comparing return agreed, thus ending- temporarily at daily doubling provision was set themselves to campus rebels and least-the 10-day strike against aside. flashing V signs, fist salutes and SEPTA, which operates the decaying While the 300 members of Local - "right ons" to one another. 'to work system of bus, trolley and subway 1594 of the sister Red Arrow lines lines in Philadelphia. of SEPTA ended their three-day walk­ Part of this change since 1963 is Subpoenas on contempt citations out, the 5,200 men and women of the the result of the new infusion of yo.ung workers, who have been affected by have been brought against more than city divi~ion rejected the pleas of their the campus revolt, the Black struggle 30 strikers. The hearings .on these leadership to return to work. The lead­ and the antiwar movement. The aver­ citations, originally scheduled for ers were met with a resounding "No" age age of the membership is now April · 20, have been postponed and at each of the 12 SEPTA garages in the mid-twenties, as compared to are still hanging over the heads of throughout the city. "No Contract, No the late thirties or early forties just Work" was chanted in unison while the ranks. nine years ago. The strike began April 12 when the a ring of cars was placed around the The strikers were very effective in union membership, after working for garages, across the trolley tracks, and television interviews in countering the almost a month without a contract, in front of the bus entrances. A tele­ charge .that they were striking against. rejected a SEPT A offer of 7 5 cents vision and radio appeal by Interna­ the public. They pointed out that pub­ over three years. The workers are tional Transport Workers Union Pres­ lic transportation is state subsidized demanding $1 an hour immediately ident Matthew Guinan and DiClerico in Pittsburgh and demanded the same and a cost-of-living escalator clause for the membership to go back to. subsidy for Philadelphia. to help meet the spiraling inflation. work was booed at the barns April . The strike remained 100 percent ef­ 16.. The only candidates for mayor and fective throughout despite an injunc­ City Council in Philadelphia· to sup­ tion issued April 14 by Common Pleas In addition to the wage demands, port the strike were the Socialist Work-· Judge D. Donald Jamison. Jamison the rank and file want to see all the ers Party candidates. Jean Savage, fined the union (which has no strike provisions of the contract before they SWP candidate for mayor, issued a benefits) $100,000 a day, to be dou- vote on it. They are particularly con- statement in support of the strikers.

THE MIUTANT/ MAY 7, 1971 21 gren, YSA Notional Commillee; Lane Satterblom, Chi­ now on appeal, were handed down Some women thought that it was cago SWP. 6 p.m.: lonquet. 8 p.m.: The Revolutio ... on the charge of violating a court ary Potential of Feminism. Speaker: Caroline Lund, to be a women's liberation conference, stoH writer for The Militant. Sun., May 9, 11 p.m.: antistrike injunction. In addition, the but discovered when they arrived tha! YSA regional meeting. Registration: $3.50 for entire union bears the burden of paying ov.er it revolved around the abstract notion Calendar conference, S1 for single session. Banquet tickets S.ol. $262,000 in court fines. of "anti-imperialism." No concrete or­ For banquet reservations and further inlormoiion, call AMHERST, MASS. The NTU was seriously weakened ganization or actions were discussed. (312) 263-5838. Ausp. Midwest Young Socialist Alliance. COMMUNITY RADIO WORKSHOP. A radical analysis in its struggle against the board be­ This conference, unfortunately, did af current issues. Every Friday night from 7:30-8:30 NEW YORK cause it failed to take up the demands not help to build either the women's p..m: an WFCR-FM, 88.5. WFCR can be heard in nearly' MAY DAY BANQUET, SAT., MAY 8. Celebration of of the Black community for control liberation movement or the antiwar all of western New England and eastern New York. opening of Socialist Workers Party branches in Brook­ State. Also on WMUA-FM. 91.1, on Tuesdays from over its own schools. This gave the movement Instead; the Indochinese lyn and Upper Manhattan. Social hour at 5:<15 p.m. 6:30-7:30 p.m. ·· predominantly Black and Puerto women got a distorted view of the Beef Bourguignon dinner served at 7 p.m. Program: Rican board of education powerful muhimedio ploy of highlights of class struggle from perspectives of both movements; and ANN ARBOR, MICH. the origins af May Day to today. Talk by Harry Ring, ammunition to use against the union no attempt was made to unite aCtivist MAICING THE AMERICAN REVOLunON. Michigan So­ former editor of the Militant, before departure to and prevented the teachers from mo­ dalist Educational Conference. May f..a, Ann Arbor women from both movements to build start Southwest bureau of The Militant. Tickets: 53.50. Angell Auditorium A. Sponsored by the Michigan bilizing community support for the demonstrations in support of the In­ For reservations and tickets, call 982-iiOSI. SWP, 706 Young Socialist Alliance. Registration: Fri., May 7, strike. As a result, the union suffered dochinese people's right to self-deter-- Broadway (.olth St.), 8th Floor. 7 p.m. Fri., 8 p,m.: Ruthann Miller speaking on Fem-· heavy blows. mination. -PATTI IIYAMA inlun and the Coming American Revolution. Sot., May SOCIALIST EDUCAnONAL CONFERENCE, MAY 7-8. 8, 10 a.m.: Tony Thomas 9n The Revolutionary 0.,. Fri., May 7, 8:30.~p.m.: •ode Nationaliun and the Now that the strike is over, theNTU, _,.ic of •ode Nalionoliun. 7:30 p.m.: Peter Camejo Coming American Revolution. Speaker: Tony Thomas, which is 30 percent Black, will still on Moldng the Am..-icGn Revolution; 9:30p.m.: Party, stOH writer for The Militant. 706 Broadway (

Join the YOUNG SOCIALIST ALLIANCE! If you support the antiwar movement, the women's liberation movement and the struggles for Black and Brown self-determination- if you support the Cuban and the Arab revolutions-if you support the fight for socialist democracy in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe and China- if you want a socialist America- then you belong in the YSA! -1 want to help make the YSA fund drive for $43,000. En- CLIP AND MAIL TO: INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW, 14 CHARLES LANE, closed is my contribution of$ NEW----~------­ YORK, N.Y. 10014 _I want to join the YSA. _I would like more information. 0 ENCLOSED IS $1.00 FOR SPECIAL THREE MONTH INTRODUCTORY OFFER _Enclosed is $.75 for Introduction to the YSA. 0 ENCLOSED IS $5.00 FOR ONE YEAR (11 ISSUES) NAME ______NAM~------~------ADDRESS CITY _____ ---,----- STATE ______ZIP_ PHONE ADDRESs·_CITY ______------~--~------~------_ Clip and send to YSA, P. 0. Box 471 Cooper Sto., N.Y., N.Y. 10003 STATE ZIP

THE MILITANT/ MAY 7, 1971 23 THE. MILITANT

release of the students. Peter Mutzokas dent, and Gervacio Morales, organi­ and myself were arrested at this rally zation secretary. Students and charged with "criminal trespass" "They were charged vyith alleged vio­ New York for leafleting at the school after being lations of the laws against possession suspended. and use of explosives in relation with fight A boycott in support of our de­ the bombing of several stores owned mands lasted from April 20 to April by North American capital last Sun­ MayDay 23. The mass action of the students day night (April 18)." succeeded in forcing the administration Juan Mari Bras pointed out that cutbacks to lift the suspension of the first five the bombing took place at 8 p.m. banquet By JOSEPH HARRIS charged. A second hearing for Hoyen, when the two FUPI leaders were at­ APRIL 26- In the face of layoffs, Mutzokas and Manns exposed the tending a meeting of FUPI's Exec­ By STEVE BEREN threatened cutbacks, suspensions and charges against them as a frame-up utive Committee. The two student lead­ NEW YORK- In celebration of the arrests, students at Manhattan Com­ though no decision has been handed ers are being held in jail on $75,000 opening of the new Brooklyn and Up­ munity College have responded with down. All legal charges have been bail each. per Manhattan branches of the So­ a boycott, rallies, pickets, and other dropped at this time. The effects of Jose Irrizari, chairman of MPI's cialist Workers Party and in commem­ mass actions. the suspensions for all still formally New York chapter, announced that oration of the ·traditional internation­ The protests were set off in early suspended will be nullified until fur­ defense activities will be carried out al holiday, a May Day banquet will March when it was discovered that ther hearings. in North America. be held here May 8. Work-Study (a program through This big response to the cutbacks At the press conference, the MPI Harry Ring, former editor of The which students work to 'pay for tui­ is the first part of what will be a long leaders accused the colonial govern­ Militant, will be the featured speaker tion) was about to be cut by the Lind­ series of struggles of Black, Puerto ment party and its police of actively for the evening. Ring, who is on his say administration, laying off at least Rican, Asian-American, arrd white stu­ cooperating with the terrorist bands way to Los Angeles to open up the 250 students. Although the cuts had . dents against major cutbacks in that "have burned homes and other paper's new Southwest bureau, will been known to the president of MCC school appropriations by the Lindsay properties of known independentistas, highlight the history and growth of since early December, several times administration. On April 19, Lindsay assaulted and wounded several patri­ the Trotskyist movement in New York during struggles at MCC earlier this announced that the College Discovery ots, anc;l have publicly managed to. and the prospects for the American year he flatly denied they would take and SEEK programs- each including carry on a terrorist campaign against revolution. place. 3,000 students largely from the Black all the independence forces. n Entertainment will include a pro­ When the students learned of these and Puerto Rican communities- and Supplementing this, the police have gram entitled "We Shall Be Free!"­ cutbacks, they set up a Work-Study the work-study program might be can­ themselves "brutally clubbed, assault­ a dramatic tribute to the American Committee to organize actions. celed next fall. Lindsay also stated ed and raped several other young working-class movement with songs, During rallies and mass meetings that there might not be enough funds Puerto Ricans. n skits, readings, and a slide show. A against the cutbacks on March 25, to admit a freshman class to the City Juan Mari Bras denounced U.S. social hour begins at 5:45 p.m. and three students- Richard Hoyen, pres­ University system next fall. Navy Intelligence and the CIA as be­ ident of the student government and Lindsay's efforts to make the stu­ ing "directly involved in the planning, a member of the Young Workers Lib­ dents pay for the war-bred inflation organization and execution" of the ter­ eration League; Denise Manns, chair­ will be fought by all who oppose the ror campaign. The MPI leaders in­ woman of the Work-Study Committee; Vietnam war and support the strug­ dicated that th.e campaign of terror and Peter Mutzokas, a member of Pro­ gles of Black and Puerto Rican stu­ has failed to intimidate the indepen­ gressive Labor Party-were sus­ dents. dence forces and has only served to pended for "illegally entering an of­ increase their militancy. fice." No action was ta,ken against 75 other students who joined them in the action. Cops raid On March 29, Ralph Hudgins ofthe Society of Golden Drums (the MCC Black student group) and myself, a member of the Golden Drums and Madison the Young Socialist Alliance, were sus­ pended while waiting in an administra­ tion office to receive funds for an anti­ clinic war rally. We were suspended for "re­ Harry Ring fusing to obey a lawful order" to leave By MARTHA PHILLIPS a waiting room. MADISON, Wis.- On Monday, April will be followed by a gourmet dinner The administration held the suspen­ 19, Madison District Attorney Gerald at 7 p.m. The banquet will be held sion hearings two-and-a-half weeks Nichols instituted a raid on the Mid­ at 706 Broadway (near 4th St.), 8th later, although it is illegal to postpone west Medical Center, the only legal floor, where tickets are now available them more than seven days. abortion clinic in the state. Police con­ for $3.50. For reservations, call 982- fiscated all equipment and records, 6051. At the hearing, April 16, the Dis­ Juan Mari Bras ciplinary Board, which was supposed and charges on two counts of criminal Coinciding with the May Day ban­ to be elected, was handpicked by the abortion were brought against Dr. quet that weekend will be a Socialist president, It was composed of four Kennan and "aiding and abetting" Educational Conference sponsored by administrators and three students. The charges brought against his four the New York Young Socialist Alli­ FUPI ance. The first session of the confer­ Work-Study Committee built a large women assistants. student turnout to attend the meeting The. next morning, as news of the ence will be held on Fri., May 7, be­ -100 students jammed the small hear­ raid hit Madison papers, close to 300 ginning at 8:30 p.m. at 706 Broad­ leaders women stormed outside Nichols' office way. Tony Thomas, a member of the ing room while 50 others waited out­ side. to angrily condemn this flagrant de­ National Committee of the Socialist ·The committee then decided to hold nial of women's basic right to control Workers Party, will speak on "Black the meeting in the school auditorium, arrested their own bodies. The incident has Nationalism and the Coming Amer­ where the crowd swelled to 200. served as a catalyst, resulting in the ican Revolution." His talk will be an ByMIRTA VIDAL answer to a recent Young Workers However, before the proceedings NEW YORK-As a step in~counter­ formation of a new and vital state­ Liberation League .Iorum were reconvened in the auditorium, ing the current campaign to intimi­ wide organization, the Wisconsin Co­ the administrators ordered the hear­ date and terrorize the Puerto Rican alition for the Repeal of all Contra­ The remaining three sessions will be ing back into the smaller room. The independence forces, Juan Marl Bras, ceptive and Abortion Laws. held on Sat., May 8, at Eisner Lubin student members of the board refused secretary-general of the Movement for The Coalition called a demonstra­ Auditorium, Loeb Student Center, New to go and fire alarms were pulled by Puerto Rican Independence (MPI), and tion for April 27 to demand that all York University. At 10:30 a.m., a the administration to clear the build­ Manuel de Jota Gonzales, MPI's sec­ antiabortion and anticontraception panel discussion on "Why Marxists ing of students. retary of finances, held a press con­ laws be repealed, that the Madison Support Gay Liberation" will be pre­ Then, on April 20, · eight students ference here April 23 to publicize the clinic be reopened, that all equipment sented. At 1 p.m., Jeanne Lafferty, were arrested when they refused to efforts of the independentistas to fight and records be returned, and that all well-known feminist activist from Bos­ leave the president's waiting room be­ back. charges against the defendants be ton, will discuss "A Feminist's View fore presenting him with 21 demands. During the last few months, hun­ dropped. of the Coming American Revolution." These demands included ending the dreds of Puerto Rican nationalists The April 20 demonstration came The final session will be at 3 p.m; cutbacks, dropping legal charges have been arrested on frame-up as a result of a spontaneous telephone with_.B. R. Washington, Black activist against all students, cops off the cam­ charges. chain from the Madison Women's Cen­ and member of the National Com­ pus, Black and Puerto Rican studies "The latest s.uch fabricated cases," ter and a morning newspaper article. mittee of the Young Socialist Alliance, programs, and student power. Juan Marl Bras reported, "were filed District Attorney Nichols obviously who will be speaking on "The New Five hundred students rallied in sup­ last week against the two principal underestimated the anger and militan­ Radicalization and the Role of the port of the arrested students and called leaders of the Federation of Univer­ cy of the women of this state when he Revolutionary Party." For informa­ for a boycott of school and a march sity Students for Independence decided to close down the only abor­ tion on the conference, contact the YSA to the nearest police station to demand (FUPI), Ruben Soto Falc6n, presi- tion clinic. at (212) 982-8214.

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