AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS Automakers are constantly striving to make more reliable, attractive and fuel-efficient vehicles at lower cost. This drives the search for stronger, more durable materials that are lighter or less expensive.

KYNAR®, KYNAR FLEX® and KYNAR 500® (PVDF) resins exhibit high chemical and abrasion resistance, have excellent thermal stability, are unaffected by UV radiation, and are resistant to creep under mechanical stress and load. The resins can be used for molded parts, for extruded profles, or as protective coatings.

KYNAR® PVDF’s strength, durability and versatility make it suitable for automobile wiring har- nesses, fuel lines and fuel line coatings, decals and decorative flms, coatings, electrochromic applications and plastic optical fbers (POF).

2 Melt Behavior of Select KYNAR® Grades Property: Melt Viscosity Melt Flow Rate Melt Flow Rate Load Test Method/Conditions: (ASTM D3835, 232°C) (ASTM D1238, 232°C) – Units: K POISE @ 100 sec-1 g/10 min lb (kg)

KYNAR® 370 8.0 – 13.0 – – KYNAR® 460 23.5 – 29.5 6.0 –14.0 47.5 (21.6) KYNAR® 710 4.0 – 8.0 15.0 – 35.0 8.36 (3.8) KYNAR® 720 5.0 – 12.0 5.0 – 29.0 8.36 (3.8)

KYNAR® 740 15.0 – 23.0 6.0 – 25.0 27.5 (12.5) KYNAR® 760 23.0 – 29.0 2.0 – 6.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR® 1000 15.0 - 20.0 1.5 – 2.5 11.0 (5.0)

KYNAR® 6000 7.0 – 11.0 2.0 – 4.0 11.0 (5.0)

KYNAR® 9000 5.0 – 8.0 16.0 – 40.0 11.0 (5.0)

KYNAR FLEX® 2750-01 20.0 – 25.0 4.0 – 14.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR FLEX® 2800-00 23.0 – 27.0 3.0 – 8.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR FLEX® 2800-20 12.0 – 20.0 1.0 – 6.0 11.0 (5.0)

KYNAR FLEX® 2850-00 23.0 – 27.0 3.0 – 8.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR FLEX® 2850-02 16.0 – 20.0 10.0 – 20.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR FLEX® 2850-07 16.0 – 20.0 10.0 – 20.0 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR FLEX® 3120-50 20.0 – 26.0 2.5 – 7.5 27.5 (12.5)

KYNAR SUPERFLEX® 2500 6.0 – 15.0 – –

General Property Profile(1) of KYNAR® Fluoropolymer Resins KYNAR® RESIN GRADE Physical Test Method Units 460 700 Series 2500 2750/2950 2800/2900 2850 3120(2) Properties Melting Point Range ASTM D3418 °F 311-320 329-342 239-253 266-280 284-293 311-320 322-334 °C 155-160 165-172 115-123 130-138 140-145 155-160 161-168 Specific Gravity ASTM 792 -- 1.75-1.77 1.77-1.79 1.80-1.82 1.78-1.80 1.76-1.79 1.77-1.80 1.76-1.79 Refractive Index ASTM D542 -- 1.42 1.42 1.40 1.41 1.41 1.42 1.41 Water ASTM D570 % 0.02-0.04 0.01-0.03 0.04-0.07 0.03-0.06 0.03-0.05 0.03-0.05 0.03-0.05 Absorption Tensile Strength at Yield ASTM D638 psi 5,000-7,500 6,000-8,000 1,700-2,800 2,000-3,100 2,900-5,000 4,500-6,500 3,500-5,000

Tensile Strength at ASTM D638 psi 4,500-7,000 5,000-8,000 2,000-4,500 2,900-4,000 2,500-5,000 4,000-7,000 5,000-7,000 Break Elongation at Yield ASTM D638 % 10-15 5-10 12-25 15-25 10-20 5-15 10-20

Elongation at Break ASTM D638 % 40 min. 40 min. 200 min. 200 min. 150 min. 100 min. 100 min.

Tensile Modulus ASTM D638 psi 150-200x103 200-335x103 35-55x103 40-65x103 80-130x103 150-220x103 100-170x103

Flexural Modulus ASTM D790 psi 200-260x103 240-335x103 28-40x103 40-60x103 90-120x103 150-180x103 90-120x103

Unnotched Impact ASTM D256 ft-lb/in 15-40 20-80 Non Break Non Break Non Break Non Break Non Break Strength Notched Impact ASTM D256 ft-lb/in 2-4 2-4 Non Break Non Break 10-20 2-8 Non Break Strength Hardness ASTM D2246 Shore 75-80 76-80 55-60 57-62 65-70 70-75 65-70 D

(3) (3) (3) (3) Limited Oxygen Index ASTM D2868 % O2 44 44/60 42/95 43/95 42/75 43/75 42/95 Vertical Burn UL94 -- V-O V-O N/A V-O V-O V-O N/A

(1) These are typical values, not to be construed as sales specifcations (3) Optional product available with higher LOI (2) 3120 available as 3120-10 (low viscosity) and 3120-50 (high viscosity) N/A = data not available

3 ROTOMOLDING KYNAR® PVDF rotomolding grades have been used in industrial liners and tanks for many years. Rotomolding, also known as rotational molding or rotocasting, is a low stress process that uses powdered resins and an unflled mold to produce large, hollow, seamless plastic parts such as drums, tanks, linings and ducts. The newest addition to the KYNAR® PVDF rotomolding family is KYNAR® 3200 RG, which offers improved flow characteristics, excellent physical and me- chanical properties, high chemical resistance, and low permeability. The excel- lent flow and processing characteristics of KYNAR® 3200 RG allow the molder to produce KYNAR® PVDF rotomolded parts with extremely smooth inner surfaces. KYNAR® 3200 RG is currently being used for fuel cells, ducts and piping. KYNAR® 3200 RG is also suited for fuel tanks, particularly multi- layer plastic fuel tanks where its chemical barrier properties and excellent processing characteristics make it a preferred material.

PLASTIC OPTICAL FIBERS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS

Plastic optical fbers (POF) clad with KYNAR FLEX® fluoropolymer resin are emerging as a new technology in automotive applications. They are less expensive, require less power to operate than equivalent lengths of copper wire and can be bundled together to allow for faster data transmission. Plastic optical fbers are suited for carrying digital information and produce less signal degradation than copper wire. As more sensors are added to monitor engine performance and road conditions, POF systems are growing in importance.

Plastic optical fbers consist of three essential elements: 1) the core, a thin center of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) through which light travels; 2) the cladding, a special optical material (KYNAR FLEX® fluoropolymer) that reflects light back into the core, allowing it to propagate through the length of the POF; and 3) a protective RILSAN® polyamide coating to protect the fber from damage and moisture. The light in a POF travels through the PMMA core by a principle termed total internal reflection in which light constantly bounces off of the KYNAR FLEX® fluoropolymer cladding. The cladding does not absorb any light from the core, allowing the light wave to travel distances with low signal loss. PMMA-based POF systems are specifcally designed for short distance applications found in homes and automobiles.

Arkema provides all elements of POF manufacture: high purity PMMA, KYNAR FLEX® fluoropolymer, and RILSAN® polyamide. Technical support for material processing and design of POF systems is also available through Arkema.

4 WIRING HARNESSES

KYNAR® PVDF is a fluoropolymer with a high melting point and excellent mechanical properties, including cold flow and abrasion resistance. KYNAR® resin also has exceptional chemical resistance, is unaffected by UV radiation and is resistant to electrical arc tracking. Because of its unique chemical structure, KYNAR® PVDF produces almost no when exposed directly to flame and does not propagate fre like polyolefns and PVC. KYNAR® fluoropolymer can be ex- truded as primary insulation or used as a protective cover. Its excellent chemical resistance and high melting point make KYNAR® PVDF well suited for applications “under the hood.”

KYNAR® PVDF insulated wire is commonly cross-linked by electron-beam radiation to further increase its toughness, cut-through resistance and continuous-service use temperature.

If specifcally formulated and processed, the cross-linked makes light- weight, flame-retardant wire insulation that offers a temperature rating of approximately 175°C (347°F), does not melt and is resistant to most solvents, fuels, lubricants and other hydrocarbon fluids. Cross-linked KYNAR® PVDF insulation is com- monly used in automotive T4 wire (150°C, 3000 hrs). This KYNAR® PVDF-based insula- KYNAR® PVDF offers corrosion tion has become a construction standard for major original equipment manufacturers and chemical resistance coupled (OEMs) in North America. Originally developed for aerospace and military requirements with excellent mechanical prop- as Mil Spec 81044 wire, cross-linked KYNAR® PVDF insulation is widely used where en- erties for wire coatings. vironmental conditions demand high performance, such as in commercial and military electronics, satellites, ships, trains, automobiles and in aerospace applications.

DECORATIVE FILMS KYNAR® PVDF decorative flms for automotive accessories are both aesthetically pleasing and highly resistant to corrosion and weathering. These flms are used on a variety of parts, such as rocker panels, roofng strips, tail lamp housings, bodyside mold- ings, front and rear bumpers, mirror housings and pillars. The flms can be processed with standard plastics equipment and general polymer knowledge, thus requiring little capital invest- ment. Durable KYNAR® PVDF flms are applied to PVC, PC, TPO and ABS, and can be supplied with a heat-activated adhesive for bonding to polyolefns. The flms can be thermoformed to a shape, trimmed and then placed into an injection mold. They can also be laminated to flat stock sheets, then thermoformed into the required shape. Films are also available with pressure- sensitive adhesives for lamination under ambient conditions. ® KYNAR® flms are available in virtually any color, including solid, KYNAR fluoropolymer flms provide an attractive, corrosion-resistant alternative to paint. metallic, pearlescent, chrome and brushed aluminum.

5 FUEL LINES

KYNAR® polyvinylidene fluoride resin provides a barrier layer in low- permeation automotive fuel lines. The tubing is a multilayer ® construction consisting of fve layers; the innermost and outermost KYNAR PVDF layers are made from Arkema’s RILSAN® polyamide 11 or 12. Between these polyamide layers is a layer of KYNAR® PVDF resin, RESISTS which resists alcohol permeation in fuels and helps carmak- ers meet strict EPA guidelines for hydrocarbon emissions. GASOLINE, ADHEFLON® tie resin is used to bond the KYNAR® PVDF barrier to the RILSAN® polyamide layers, resulting in durable, flexible, ROAD SALT, low-permeation tubing. OILS, In addition to being easily processed on conventional co-extrusion equipment, this innovative fuel line construction LUBRICANTS, exhibits excellent cold temperature impact strength (-40°C), chemi- cal resistance and dimensional stability. It is also compatible with a BRAKE FLUID, wide range of fuel-alcohol blends and is available in a conductive version. TRANSMISSION FLUID, KYNAR® PVDF can also be used as a protective coating over carbon steel fuel and brake fluid lines, and in under-chassis applications. KYNAR® PVDF can be applied in WINDSHIELD very thin layers and maintains durability and corrosion resistance. It can also be WASHER FLUID, applied as a liquid coating, as a powder coating, or by cross-head extrusion. COOLANTS, AND BATTERY ACID

KYNAR FLEX® 2850 PC FUNCTIONAL POWDER COATING

KYNAR FLEX® 2850 PC functional powder coating is a new addition to the KYNAR® coating family. This fluoropolymer coating resists gasoline, road salt, oils, lubricants, brake fluid, transmission fluid, windshield washer fluid, coolants, and battery acid. KYNAR FLEX® 2850 powder coating may be used to coat carbon steel parts as a low-cost alternative to stainless steel. This powder coating is durable and may be applied in very thick coatings (up to 100 mils).

KYNAR FLEX® resin is corrosion resistant and unaffected by UV radiation, making it espe- cially suitable for exterior applications. Excellent chemical and mechanical properties allow KYNAR FLEX® powder coating to be used in chemical processing applications such as tank linings, valve and flange coatings, and pipe coatings (exterior or interior). The powder is currently supplied in a natural, unpigmented form, though pigmented versions can be prepared. KYNAR FLEX® 2850 PC is typically applied by electrostatic spray over a powder primer.

6 KYNAR POWERFLEX® COPOLYMER

KYNAR® PVDF PROVIDES ELECTROCHROMIC TECHNOLOGY RESISTS FOR THE AUTOMOBILE

GASOLINE, Advances in polymer and electrochromic technology have allowed the development of electrochromic windows—windows that darken or lighten to control the amount of light ROAD SALT, permitted inside a vehicle. Electrochromic windows, which control solar radiation transmission KYNAR POWERFLEX® can be used and modulate glare, increase passenger comfort and safety and are manufactured using to control the transmission of OILS, a patented inner layer of KYNAR POWERFLEX® copolymer flm (US Patent 6,620,342). These visible and UV light through unique windows contain a core of transparent polymer layers and electrolyte sandwiched automotive windows. LUBRICANTS, between sheets of glass. The KYNAR® layer allows exchange of ions within the system. When a voltage is applied to the system, ions migrate through the KYNAR® PVDF flm, causing a change BRAKE FLUID, in opacity. The result: windows and mirrors with controllable optical properties. KYNAR POWERFLEX® LBG copolymer and TRANSMISSION FLUID, The lack of easily manufactured, durable, low-cost materials of construction has prevented ® widespread use of electrochromic devices. However, Arkema’s patented KYNAR POWERFLEX® KYNAR homopolymer are also used in WINDSHIELD flm is inexpensive, easily processed and possesses the necessary electrochromic WASHER FLUID, properties. The polymer (or matrix) must meet strict requirements for use in electrochromic lithium ion batteries which can be used in devices, including high electrochemical stability to allow for thousands of charge/discharge COOLANTS, cycles, stability to acid (H+), stability to ultraviolet (UV) light, stability to thermal degradation, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). A unique good electrical conductivity (whether the flm is rigid or plasticized) and high optical clarity. AND BATTERY ACID polymer structure of carbon, hydrogen The KYNAR® developed by Arkema exhibit outstanding UV stability and retain their ® mechanical integrity at elevated temperatures and in the presence of solvents. They are well and atoms, gives KYNAR PVDF suited for use in electrochromic windows, mirrors and devices used to control both UV and visible light. Arkema’s KYNAR POWERFLEX® copolymer flms have low solubility in organic excellent thermal and chemical stability. solvents and plasticizers and high thermal stability to minimize or eliminate electrolyte leakage ® from the device. These new flms will not soften in the heat of direct sunlight or electromagnetic The chemical nature of KYNAR PVDF allows radiation and have excellent transparency. good adhesion to metallic collectors and

good cohesion between active material

particles. KYNAR® resin is very soluble in

industrial solvents and produces uniform INTRODUCING slurries at room temperature. KYNAR® PVDF KYNAR® ADX RESIN: has electrochemical properties, such as New KYNAR® ADX resin is designed to bond to nylons, polyolefns and metals. This melt good initial capacity and cycling processible resin bonds to various substrates, allowing cost effective engineering solutions, behavior which make it an excellent and maintains nearly all of the performance properties offered by electrode. KYNAR® resins also possess KYNAR® PVDF. performance characteristics, such as high

electrochemical stability, high polymer

purity, high molecular weight and a high

melting point.

7 The statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof. Since the conditions and methods of use of the product and of the information referred to herein are beyond our control, Arkema expressly disclaims any and all liability as to any results obtained or arising from any use of the product or reliance on such informa- tion; NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE CONCERNING THE GOODS DESCRIBED OR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN. The information provided herein relates only to the specific product designated and may not be applicable when such product is used in combination with other materials or in any process. The user should thoroughly test any application before commercialization. Nothing contained herein constitutes a license to practice under any patent and it should not be construed as an inducement to infringe any patent and the user is advised to take appropriate steps to be sure that any proposed use of the product will not result in patent infringement.

KYNAR®, KYNAR FLEX®, KYNAR POWERFLEX® are registered trademarks belonging to Arkema Inc. ADHEFLON® and RILSAN® are registered trademarks belonging to Arkema. © 2005 Arkema Inc. All rights reserved.

See MSDS for Health and Safety Considerations.

Visit us at www.kynar.com for the latest information ® Americas Europe Asia on KYNAR PVDF Arkema Inc. Arkema Arkema Pte Ltd 2000 Market Street 4-8 Cours Michelet 53, Tuas Crescent Philadelphia, PA 19103-3222 La Defense´ Cedex 92091 Singapore 638732 U.S.A. France Tel.: 65.64.19.90.18 Tel.: 215-419-7000 Tel.: 33.2.32.46.68.53 www.arkemagroup.com www.kynar.com