Nazioarteko Jardunaldiak Teknologia berriak trenbide arloan GOI MAILAKO PRESTAZIOKO TRENBIDE High Speed Lines LINEEN USTIAPENA Operation in Jornadas Internacionales Nuevas tecnologias en el sector ferroviario LA EXPLOTACIÓN DE LÍNEAS DE FERROCARRIL DE ALTAS PRESTACIONES

Takumi ISHII International Conference Deputy director, JR East Paris Office New railway sector technologies Senior Advisor High Speed THE OPERATION OF Passengers and High Speed Department, UIC HIGH PERFORMANCE RAILWAY LINES PALACIO EUSKALDUNA BILBAO 23-24 /02 /2015

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 1/27 Agenda

1. General overview 2. Characteristics of operation (Example of Tohoku Shinkansen)

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 2/27 1. General Overview

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 3/27 Shinkansen • Shinkansen = ‘New trunk line’ • First high speed rail system in the world (51 years history) Tokaido Shinkansen opened in 1 st October on 1964 (maximum line speed was 210km/h) to increase the capacity of the most congested Tokaido line • System of high speed with concepts: Dedicated high speed track with 1435mm standard track gauge -closed system independent from the conventional line, no level crossing Distributed power rolling stock (EMU) ATC signaling system Centralized traffic control system etc -> high speed operation with high safety • Maximum line speed: 240km/h – 320km/h Series 0 (1964-2008) • Exceptional: Mini-Shinkansen upgraded lines from narrow gauge to standard gauge operable through high speed line to conventional lines

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 4/27 Shinkansen Network

Line Section Length Max. Speed (km) (Km/h)

Tokaido 552.6 270 Sanyo 644.0 300 Akita Tohoku 713.7 320 Shinkansen Joetsu 303.6 240 (1997) Nagano 117.4 260 Shin- Kyushu 288.9 260 Yamagata Sub Total 2620.2 Shinkansen (1992, 99) Akita Akita 127.3 130 Mini-Shinkansen Yamagata 148.6 130 Shinjo Yamagata Sub Total 275.9 Sendai Niigata Total 2896.1 Nagano Tohoku Shinkansen *Length: kilometers in revenue service Shinkansen Nagano (1982, 85, 91, 02, 10) (1997) Takasaki Sanyo Omiya Shinkansen (1972, 75) Okayama (1982) Shin-Osaka Tokaido Hakata Shinkansen (1964) Shin-Yatsushiro (2004,11) Kagoshima-Chuo

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 5/27 Variety of Shinkansen rolling stock E2 E2-1000 E3 > E3-700,-1000,-2000 Market and operational demand for E4 each operator E5 E6 E7

Shin-Aomori

Akita Morioka Shinjo 500-7000 Sendai 700-3000, Niigata 700-7000 N700-3000, Nagano N700-7000 Tokyo Okayama Shin- Hakata Osaka 700 N700 Shin-Yatsushiro N700A(N700-1000)

N700-8000 Kagoshima-Chuo Total: 416 train sets 800 (January 2014)

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 6/27 2. Characteristics of Shinkansen operation (Example of Tohoku Shinkansen)

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 7/27 Characteristics of Shinkansen train timetable Madrid ⇒ Córdoba ⇒ Sevilla and Málaga (Spain)

European Rail Timetable, February 2015

Barcelona 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Madrid

Córdoba

Sevilia To Cádiz To Algeciras Málaga

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 8/27 Characteristics of Shinkansen train timetable Tokyo ⇒ Sendai ⇒ Morioka ⇒ Shin-Aomori and Akita (Japan)

2014.10 Railway Time Table in Japan

Hb+K29 12 13 14 15 16 Y147 17 18 N265 Tokyo Y153 H115 N257 Y151 N263 Fukushima Y149 Y147

Sendai

Morioka

Shin-Aomori Akita

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 9/27 Characteristics of Shinkansen train timetable Madrid ⇒ Córdoba ⇒ Sevilla and Málaga (Spain)

Barcelona 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Madrid

Córdoba

Sevilia To Cádiz To Algeciras Málaga

Tokyo ⇒ Sendai ⇒ Morioka ⇒ Shin-Aomori and Akita (Japan) Hb+K29 12 13 14 15 16 Y147 17 18 N265 Tokyo Y153 H115 N257 Y151 N263 Fukushima Y149 Y147

Sendai

Morioka

Shin-Aomori Akita

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 10/27 Characteristics of Shinkansen operation

Express through trains and multiple-stop services Over passing Shinkansen trains

N 1 H 2 Y 3 Station A Station B Station C Station D Population : huge Population : a few Population : middle Population : large

N : All stations stopping for all passengers For Y : All stations stopping for all passengers except Station B personal H : Express for only passengers using Station D demands

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 11/27 3 types of JR East Shinkansen Trains

Standard For longer trips

Series E2 275km/h Series E5 320km/h

Double Decker Large capacity for commuting

Series E4 240km/h

For through-service with coupling/uncoupling functions

Series E3 275km/h Series E6 320km/h

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 12/27 Diverse Duties of JR East’s Shinkansen Lines

(1) High-speed network connecting the Tokyo Metropolitan Area to local areas

(2) Work and school commuter transport centering on the Tokyo Metropolitan Area

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 13/27 13 (1) High speed Express operation of Shinkansen

H : High Speed Express, Max. 320km/h passengers The number of passengers on each stations of Shinkansen, average of a day 80000 70675 70000

60000

50000

40000

30000 26197 24319

20000 10696 12245 8597 7301 7235 10000 4996 4571 3212 2014 2688 2451 3248 893 1090 1028 1284 993 88 764 638 0

Stations as Tohoku Shinkansen As of 2013 Necessity of express service for passenger

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 14/27 (1)Population along Shinkansen route

Population of main cities taken from 2013 survey distance (km) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Tokyo 1) JR East’s railway network 8,967 Saitama Sendai extends to 5 directions and its 1,246 Koriyama 1,039 325 Morioka 239 Aomori transportation volume is TohokuJR East 294 298 concentrated within the Tokyo Shinkansen(Tohoku) metropolitan area. Fukushima 284 2) As getting far from Tokyo, 517 250 38 Yamagata Shinjo Akita transport volumes decrease 321 (Largely uneven transport Size of circle demands) shows population (Unit: thousands) The area population around Tohoku Shinkansen in Japan from 1995 to 2000

6,0 4,6 increase 4,0 2,0 2,0

0,0 -0,4 0 = 1995 -0,5 Tokyo Saitama Utsunomiya Fukushima Yamagata Sendai Morioka Akita Aomori -2,0 decrease -4,0 -4,0 -3,0 -3,9 -4,4 -6,0 -5,2

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 15/27 (1)The Shinkansen Share versus other transport modes

Source: The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism, Research of the No. of passengers by distance and by transport mode 100% 4 19

80% 56 Airplane 54 22 60% 75 78 Ship 88 Bus 40% Automobile 22 57 JR 20% 40 20 22 7 9 5 0%

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 16/27 (1)High speed increases ridership

Comparison of JR East and airline shares between Tokyo and major cities in Japan (%) ( ：FY 2010 ： FY 2006 ： FY 1996) 100

Nagano Niigata Morioka 222.4km 333.9km 535.3km Airline has advantage Yamagata 80 359.9km

JR East JR has advantage share Shin-Aomori 713.7km 50

Akita Competitive zone 662.6km

20 1hr 2hr 3hr 4hr 5hr 6hr Km : Distance from Tokyo Average trip time (from Tokyo)

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 17/27 (1)JR East Shinkansen Network and Target of High Speed Operation Advantage of Shinkansen in Japan Distance : < 750 km Trip Time : < 3 – 5 hours

Shin-Aomori 713.7 km 2 h 59 min. by Max. 320km/h operation Akita 662.6 km 3 h 37 min. by Max. 320km/h operation* Morioka 535.3 km 2 h 10 min. by Max. 320km/h operation

Sendai 351.8 km 1 h 31 min. by Max. 320km/h operation

* Between Morioka and Akita is 130km/h operation. Tokyo T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 18/27 (1)Line layout of Tohoku Shinkansen route

To Nagano Tokyo Omiya Oyama Utsunomiya To depo.

To depo. To Yamagata Shin-Shirakawa Koriyama Fukushima Shiroishizao Sendai

To depo .

Hurukawa Ichinoseki Kitakami Morioka To Akita

Kurikoma Mizusawa Shin-Hanamaki kogen esashi

Iwate Shichinohe Shin-Aomori numakunai Ninohe Hachinohe towada To depo.

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 19/27 (2)High speed for commuter transport service of Shinkansen

N : High Speed for commuter transport service, Max. 240km/h

passengers The number of passengers on each stations of Shinkansen, average of a day 80000 70675 70000

60000

50000

40000

30000 26197 24319

20000 10696 12245 8597 7301 7235 10000 4996 4571 3212 2014 2688 2451 3248 893 1090 1028 1284 993 88 764 638 0

Stations as Tohoku Shinkansen As of 2013

Necessity of commuter transport service for passenger

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 20/27 (2)Commuter Transportation by Shinkansen

Changes in commuter transport volume Shinkansen (Passengers) during morning hours per FY (Daily average) ( Growth %: FY87 = 100 ) 12000 479481479485491 500 462467465 462 Tohoku 445 447 431435 Joetsu/Nagano 450 10000 Tohoku % 371378 422428 400 Joetsu/Nagano % 414417414409413418 399408 406407 387391 322328 350 8000 304 352 284 335 323 300 Utsunomiya 238 291 Takasaki 6000 278 250 196 234 200 157 4000 195 130 150 100 153 100 2000 115 Tokyo 100 50

0 0 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00'01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08'09 '10

100km zone Compared to FY1987, currently Tohoku Shinkansen increases 4 times, Tokyo metropolitan area Joetsu/Nagano Shinkansen increases about 4.6 times in No. of passengers.

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 21/27 (2)Changes in the No. of Operating Shinkansen Trains (100 million passenger km) <103> <103> 198 <97> 200 <102> <103> <101> <101><100><103> 193 193 <98> 188 <94> <97> <102> 186 16 <104> 175 176 176 182 183 16 16 182 176 180 15 16 <102> 171 174 16 <109> <100> <101> 15 16 <99> <100> 164 13 14 14 15 16 <110> 161 161 159 159 161 12 160 6 7 148 8 9 10 11 <102> 4 <110> 135 140 133 2 2 121 1 120 Commuter passes 100 182 171 172 177 176 161 161 162 161 167 167 165 160 80 155 154 153 159 144 151 150 151 131 133 60 120

40 Other than commuter 20 passes

0 FY 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 < >: year-on year growth

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 22/27 (2)Transport Capacity during Commuting Time Slot

Number of Shinkansen trains during the morning commute has reached a maximum (12trains arriving at between 8:00 and 9:00 a.m.)

Increased transport capacity for each train

Introduction of double-decker Shinkansen

Series E4

- All double-decker 16-car configuration (8 cars + 8 cars): Seating capacity, 1,634 (the largest capacity worldwide for high speed trains) - Operates in 8-car configuration during the daytime recently Unification of flat Shinkansen Why?

Series E5 + Series E6 - All flat 17-car configuration (10 cars + 7 cars): Seating capacity, 1,069

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 23/27 (2)DS-ATC

DS: Digital communication & control for Shinkansen ATC: Automatic Train Control (one of the train signaling system in Japan)

Smooth brake pattern

Speed increase ‰ Time reduction ‰ More comfortable ride

Previous ATC DS-ATC

Actual speed Control without the steps Actual speed Multi-step Speed (Digitally controlled and smooth) Signal BrakingSpeed is applied Signal control Braking is applied by if the train speed exceeds the speed comparing the train speed signal. with the brake pattern stored in the on-board device, to stop the train ＪＲ E2-MATSUKI by the end of the stop ＪＲ E2-MATSUKI track circuit.

Possibility of reduction for headway time per an hour

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 24/27 (2)Population in Japan

thousand persons The number of population in Japan 140.000

130.000 126.926 128.057 125.570 124.100 121.049 127.768 126.597 120.000 117.060 123.611 116.618 120.659

110.000 104.665 111.940 112.124 99.209 102.210 100.000 94.302 90.077 91.933 90.000

80.000 81.355 70.000 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 years As a result >Development of operation (each train passing time) >Decrease in population

No need to use Double decker Shinkansen

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 25/27 (2)Capacity of Shinkansen

Shinkansen loading gauge European loading gauge (3,400 mm) (3,150 mm) 3,360 mm 2,904 mm (TGV- Duplex)

1,435 mm 1,435 mm TGV Duplex ×××2 TGV Almost - All flat 20-car configuration (10 cars × 2sets): Seating capacity, 1,026(512 ×2) Series E5 all + Series E6 same - All flat 17-car configuration (10 cars + 7 cars): Seating capacity, 1,069

T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 26/27 Thank you very much for your kind attention

Takumi ISHII Deputy director, JR East Paris Office Senior Advisor High Speed Passengers and High Speed Department, UIC T. ISHII – III INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEW RAILWAY TECHNOLOGIES in Bilbao 24th February 2015 27/27