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The Forest Flora of New South Wales Volume 4 Parts 31-40

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The Forest Flora of New South Wales Volume 4 Parts 31-40 The Forest Flora of New South Wales Volume 4 Parts 31-40 Maiden, J. H. (Joseph Henry) University of Sydney Library Sydney, Australia 1999 http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/badham © University of Sydney Library. The texts and images are not to be used for commercial purposes without permission. Illustrations have been included from the print version. Source Text: Prepared from the print edition publishded by William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer Sydney 1909-10 J.H.Maiden, Government Botanist of New South Wales and Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney. Volume 4 includes Parts 31 to 40. All quotation marks retained as data. All unambiguous end-of-line hyphens have been removed, and the trailing part of a word has been joined to the preceding line. Images exist as archived TIFF images, one or more JPG and GIF images for general use. Australian Etexts botany natural history 1890-1909 5th November 1999 Final Checking and Parsing Forest Flora of New South Wales Volume 4: Parts XXXI-XL Sydney William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer 1910. Part XXXI. Joseph Henry Maiden The Forest Flora of New South Wales Part XXXI Sydney William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer 1908 Published by the Forest Department of New South Wales, under authority of the Honourable the Secretary for Lands. Price, 1/- per Part, or 10/- per dozen Parts, payable in advance. No. 111: Owenia cepiodora, F.v.M. The Onion Wood. (Family MELIACEÆ.) Botanical Description. — Genus, Owenia, F.v.M., in Hooker's "Journal of Botany and Kew Gardens Miscellany," ix, 304 (1857); also see Part XIV, p. 89, of this work. Botanical Description. — Species, O. cepiodora, F.v.M., Fragm. XI, 81 (1880). A tall tree with thick branchlets, the bark prominently cicatrized, neither glutinous nor with milky juice; the wood with a strong smell of onion. Leaves crowded near the end of the branches, the petiole 1 1/2 to 3 inches long, thickened at the base. Leaflets pari-pinnate, mostly from 2 1/2 to 5 inches long and 3/4 to 1 1/2 inches broad, entire, often acutely acuminate, occasionally somewhat obtuse, very rarely retuse, deep green above, pale green beneath, narrowed into a petiole 2 to 3 lines long. Panicle 7 to 9 inches long, with spreading, often divaricate, branches, the pedicels about 1 1/2 lines long. Bracts minute, from semi-lanceolate to linear-subulate, solitary at the base of the pedicels. Sepals 5, orbicular, persistent, about 1 line long, much imbricate, connate at the base. Petals deciduous, 1 1/2 to 2 lines long, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at the base, white, the margins slightly imbricate. Stamens 10, the tube free, about 1 line long, terminating in 10 very short truncate or bifid teeth Anthers hardly 1/2 line long, almost terminal, oblong-linear, introrse, longitudinally dehiscent. Disc very short. Stigma globose or conical-ovate, reddish, twice as long as the style, which hardly attains 1/2 line in length, 2-lobed, the lobes cohering. Ovarium 2-celled. Drupe globular, often 2/3 inch in diameter, the pericarp red outside, pulpy and white inside, the putamen bony. Seeds 2, rarely 1,a erect, ovate, basally attached, without arillus, the testa pale, with a yellow- brownish hilum. Albumen none. Embryo erect or a little oblique; cotyledons ovate; radicle very short, almost globular. Richmond River, in forest valleys, collected by Fawcett. Botanical Name. — Owenia, already explained, Part, XIV, p. 90; cepiodora, from two Latin words, cepa (caepa), an onion, and odor, a smell or odour. Vernacular Name. — "Onion-Wood" or "Bog Onion." The timber smells like decayed onions, though often a newly-cut plank has a smell resembling water- melons. I have referred to this gradation of "pleasant" an "unpleasant" odour in the same plant at Part XXVI, p. 100. The matter seems worthy of chemical investigation. Aboriginal Name. — Called "Ingmunyon" by the aborigines, "Bog Onion Tree" by the white settlers (Mueller, in original description). The late Mr. Alfred Cadell once sent me specimens of this tree with a message that the aboriginal name was "Boggunyan." I would suggest that neither "Ingmunyon" nor "Boggunyan" are true aboriginal names, but were used by the blacks in imitation of the settlers' names of "Onion" or"Bog Onion." Timber. — This is a useful wood of the cedar class — the wood, in fact, being often sold as Bastard Cedar. The name (Onion Wood) is owing to the smell of the wood, which is fugitive, and therefore not offensive. Used for the same purposes as Cedar. Exudations. — This tree exudes a small quantity of a gum, and there is also a garlic odour of the foliage resulting from a resinous exudation of the young leaves. Size. — A medium-sized tree. Average height 100 feet, with a diameter of 18 inches (Forester Pope). Mr. W. Baeuerlen, then of Tintenbar, gives the height at 40 to 60 feet, with a stem-diameter of 1 foot. Habitat. — This tree is confined, so far as is at present known, to the brushes of northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. Very little in Clarence River District, but plentiful in the Richmond River District. Found scattered about in nearly all the brush forests of the Tweed, wherever the soil is inclined to be rich. (Forester Pope.) It grows plentifully in Forest Reserve 1,120 (Casino District). What the southern limit of this tree is we do not know. It appears to become scarce south of the Clarence. It extends into Queensland, Mr. F. M. Bailey giving the locality simply as "southern scrubs." EXPLANATION OF PLATE 115. Plate No. 115: Onion Wood (Owenia cepiodora, F.v.M.) Lithograph by Margaret Flockton A. Portion of stem, showing leaf scars. B. Leaf, shown in outline, one leaflet showing venation. C. Panicle of flowers. D. Young flower. E. Flower, the petals (5) removed, showing — (a) Bracts. (b) Calyx. (c) Stamina] tube, bearing 10 anthers. (d) Petal. F. Staminal tube, opened out (outside). G. Portion of staminal tube, opened out (inside). H. Pistil — (a) Disc. (b) Ovary. (c) Style. (d) Stigma. K. Transverse section of ovary. L. Fruit. Footnotes Issue No. 111. Footnote Page 1: a. The description of the species is a free translation of Mueller's Latin description, except in one instance. Bailey writes : "Seeds 2, rarely 1." Mueller seems to have seen only fruits with solitary seeds. He writes: "Semen erectum, ovatum, &c." Though he does not say the seed is solitary in the fruit, he writes of it in the singular. Bailey's alteration is evidently a correction based on more ample material, and my experience so far bears it out. No. 112: Eucalyptus pilularis, Sm. The Blackbutt. (Family MYRTACEÆ.) Botanical Description. — Genus, Eucalyptus. (See Part II, p. 33.) Botanical Description. — Species, E. pilularis, Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc., III, 284. A moderate-sized or large tree, with a dark-coloured, rough, and somewhat furrowed persistent bark. Leaves mostly lanceolate, falcate or nearly straight, acuminate, 3 to 6 inches long, rather thick and smooth, the veins rather oblique, but much less so and more numerous and parallel than in E. obliqua and E. piperita; they are also finer and often scarcely conspicuous or slightly impressed on the upper side. Peduncles axillary or lateral, or the upper ones forming more or less of a terminal panicle, distinctly flattened in the typical form, bearing each about 6 to 12 flowers, the pedicels often thick and angular, but sometimes rather long and more slender. Buds acuminate. Calyx-tube about 2 lines long, and as much in diameter. Operculum conical or acuminate, longer than the calyx-tube. Stamens 2 to 3 lines long, all perfect, inflected in the bud; anthers reniform or broad, the cells diverging or divaricate, confluent at the apex. Ovary flat-topped. Fruit semi-globose or subglobose, truncate, 4 to 5 lines diameter, straight or slightly contracted at the orifice, the rim rather broad, flat or slightly convex or concave, the capsule somewhat sunk or nearly level, the valves usually horizontal. (B.Fl. iii, 208.) Botanical Name. — Eucalyptus, already explained (see Part II, p. 34); pilularis, from the Latin pilula, a little ball or round knob, in allusion to the shape of the fruits. Vernacular Names. — It is the tree which most usually goes under the name of "Blackbutt," and sometimes by way of distinction, for it attains enormous size, as will be seen presently, the "Great Blackbutt." It is a stately, shapely tree, and perhaps the best known of all the genus to Sydney residents, as it is so abundant. It belongs to the group of eucalypts called "half-barked," because its rough outer bark is confined to the trunk of the tree, the branches being smooth and white. From the latter circumstance it shares with some other species the designation of "White-top." The outer bark of this tree is fibrous and closely matted, forming, if I may make the comparison, a sort of middle link between such fibrous-barked trees as the Stringybarks and such smooth ones as our White Gum. I do not know that the term "black," as applied to the butt, is particularly appropriate; the word "grey" would be better, though exception could be taken to this adjective also. Aboriginal Names. — "Yarr-warrah" of the Illawarra blacks, according to the late Sir William Macarthur. Another New South Wales aboriginal name was "Benaroon." By the aborigines of South Queensland it was known as "Tcheergun" and "Toi." In a collection of specimens made by George Caley are two twigs which belong to this species, and which are labelled as follows by him, Tarundea being the aboriginal name:— (a) "Pilularis? Smaller Blackbutted Gum.
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