del paisaje, petroculturas. paisaje, del clave: Palabras fomentado. que ha explotación de formas múltiples ylas Canadá de norte mito del del crítica revisión una alentar para hadas de cuentos los de género del recursos alos recurre que Jarman mostrará ensayo presente El incierto. parece futuro y el orientación no ofrecen ya antiguos modos los cuando mutación de histórica períodos los durante ética relevancia gran de dotadas están reescrituras sus dos, los entre adecuación mejor mundo, el queque a una sino proponenconducen intervenciones habitan humanos los seres cómo miméticamente no reflejan Si hadas de los cuentos planetarias. repercusiones ambiente con medio el en cambios introducir al incurren humanos que en seres los sabilidad respon la evaluar para Grimm hermanos los de Snow White» «Little de subversión paródica una enarbola Jarman, Anthony (2008), Mark de Planet» «My White ecológicos, peligros que los de aumento el par ala avanza globalización que la la en época una en Ambientado Resumen cultures. Keywords: encouraged. it of exploitation has forms manifold the and myth sion of Canada’s northern revi acritical to encourage genre tale fairy of the resources upon the draws Jarman that show will essay present The uncertain. seems future the and guidance no offer longer ways old the mutation when of historical periods during relevance ethical great endowed with are retellings their two, the between adequacy to abetter lead that interventions propose world, but the instead inhabit beings how human reflect do not mimetically tales fairy If whole on planet. the repercussions have will that environment the in changes introducing when incur beings human responsibility the to consider Grimm’sers Snow White” “Little Broth subversion of the on aparodic relies (2008) Jarman’s Planet” “MyAnthony White Mark perils, of ecological rise the with on a par goes globalization when age an in Set Abstract OF GLOBAL HEATING: A READING OF MARK ANTHONY ANTHONY OF MARK AREADING HEATING: OF GLOBAL BLANCANIEVES Y LOS OSOS POLARES EN LA ERA DEL CALENTAMIENTO GLOBAL: CALENTAMIENTO DEL ERA LA EN POLARES OSOS YLOS BLANCANIEVES SNOW WHITE AND THE POLAR BEARS IN THE AGE THE IN BEARS POLAR THE AND SNOW WHITE Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses Estudios de Canaria Revista UNA LECTURA DE «MY WHITE PLANET», DE MARK ANTHONY JARMAN ANTHONY MARK DE PLANET», WHITE «MY DE LECTURA UNA Canadian literature, ecocriticism, fairy tale studies, landscape studies, petro studies, landscape studies, tale fairy ecocriticism, literature, Canadian literatura canadiense, ecocrítica, estudios sobre cuentos de hadas, estudios estudios sobre hadas, de cuentos estudios ecocrítica, canadiense, literatura JARMAN’S “MY WHITE PLANET” WHITE “MY JARMAN’S DOI: https://doi.org/10.25145/j.recaesin.2019.78.03 DOI: Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, EMMA Paul-Valéry Montpellier Université Claire Omhovère Claire , 78; April 2019,, 78; April pp. 37-53; e-2530-8335 ISSN: *

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REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 37 REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 38 went through publication. See Lorre-Johnston. See publication. went through it before him with interview of her version early an me with share to offering her work and Jarman’s history of another world” (Moss 40). (Moss world” of another history and geography the but traditions the of not only expression the passage, a northwest effect, in is, tic Arc Canadian on the written “Everything realities: local for disregard of acolonial endurance the stress to phrase the used also critics subsequent development, Canada’s thwarting determinism cal geographi of the Frye’s vision with disagreed they Even when (226). exploration naval to obstacle tos/milestones-space-photography/ 17. Apollo 7,ber https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/pho 1972 spacecraft the from der. beholdto in won earth the of views satellite first given the was when humankind other colour otherany but momentous that blue, since world in at day least history never been has globe the terms, positivist plain, In activities. to human nerability its vul and of planet the of smallness the realization the with thwarted sion became expan infinite of dreams as white man” (Yusoff plane, 299) ethical ontodifferent a of “the desire the folly and displaced event that an end with to an exploration came of whencenturies five attention necessary adjustments to made the calls whiteness cation of Mark Anthony Jarman’s ofcation Mark (2008). My Planet White Canada and the Idea of (2001) North the Grace’s and from Sherrill Canada decades, past in to the scrutiny scholarly together,sustained geography received and tity, has race welding iden foundation of national the spatial the as North Far the have constructed that (Coleman 24).discourses the impact of Canada The enduring in spirit from settling or body in weaker groups allegedly discouraging populations, Canada’s immigrant of selection the in test ultimate the as valued was country’s Nordicthe character when embracing centuries, twentieth early and nineteenth the in of awhite civility Canada’s informed model originally that Darwinism of environmental the smacks also phrase the sense this In endures. from where regions snowwhen observed still alocation where worldor the with white, but look in indeed may entirely only clad of globe’s the of afraction that with population, equated standpoint geographical andto a hegemonicthe perspective narrows form perception.relative Thepossessive 2 Viewing the planet as “white” can only result from a subjective and increasingly increasingly from asubjective only and result “white” can as planet the Viewing 2 1 * the publi by a predated year the Passage of Northwest opening The2007 the atmosphere. of limits the to expanded Anthropocene, or empireman, The of heating. global illuminating ice, the through seared aline of expansion; dream that of theunderbelly hot as now emerges passage The relations. colonial and empires of maritime backdrop the man’s of white against desire set exploration, and folly the into metaphor,explicating passed has passage of a dream The ago. over acentury for, of, searched and dreamt been had that imagination the in and icescape the in apassage clearing ice, sea the through loop straight orange 2007, in an satellite drew Agency Space theEuropean by envisioned as Passage, the Northwest of The ‘opening’

- Decem on taken was shot Marble” “Blue famous the globe, the photo of full-view first The For Frye the Northwest Passage was a geographical reminder of Canada’s inception as an an as inception of Canada’s reminder ageographical was Passage Northwest the For Frye My gratitude goes to Christine Lorre-Johnston for our stimulating discussions about about discussions stimulating our for Lorre-Johnston Christine to goes My gratitude . Kathryn Yusoff Kathryn , “Navigating the Northwest Passage” Passage” Northwest the , “Navigating 1 The titular reference to titular The ------ing are the environmental crises facing us –facing the earth– that nothing short of nothing that earth– the –facing us facing crises environmental the are ing dauntand massive “So uncertain: seems future the and no longerguidance offer mutation old when of the historical ways periods during relevance ethical great with endowed are retellings their two, the between adequacy to lead a better that tions the world,inhabit interven propose butbeings instead how reflect human cally do mimeti not fittales the for ourselves world” (2). make and fairy If to change we try while it needs world more the to human make acceptable and transform –to disposition to action by ahuman informed are tales “fairy that emphasizes rightly Jack Zipes tale. of fairy the signature suspension the in keeping happiness, lasting ever of thepossibility and erases announces aporia simultaneously The temporal cent of the installations of DEWLine, the cent of installations the on men aremote working Seven reminis station it fast. melting is although planet, where snow one places on endures of few the Arctic, the in dwarves seven the sion Snow and (Zipes 203). of encounter labour White the between relocates Jarman gendered on divi a worldwideclearly audiences young resting a work ethic feeding Walt adaptation with Disney’s film (1937), success animated aplanetary became of Snow (1812). “Little White” recordedthe first by Grimm Brothers tale fairy The (2011). in Canada of Whiteness Geographies Historical the and Nature, North: White Race, more volume Great the recent Rethinking collective of the Eastern block. Most of the DEWLine installations were dismantled or abandoned after 1985. after or abandoned dismantled were installations DEWLine of the Most block. Eastern of the rest the and USSR on the eavesdrop to USA the for necessary was neighbour closest of help its the rallying when invasion, Soviet of a signs first the War detect Cold to the during North Canadian spirit of North the animal encounter the into with an kiss ofromantic formula disenchanting the the recasts tale thefairy of ending thecustomary upon added).sis variation This 45, empha (Jarman arms” their in have us will when they happy future for the gic It’sare nostal and at parts. window our the in in love.us spy They nivores peeking car carnal know us, big men: “They surviving now the surround pages preceding the in lurking have been that bears polar the which in coda to include apuzzling her jaws. from death’s icy who saved dwarves seven to screen the the through waves and sets, on TV career her resumes woman young the Hollywood, in Back station. line to the returns ian her her south, guard while take will that ship the luck she boards and met with is Their them. plan rescue spot ship may and cruise shore a passing hope the that in her to the back her, to take him convinces calling likes narrator the as Snow White, situation deteriorates, the When ward. adopt may their conduct the with they ing regard them among to appear start when erodes disagreements fast corps de esprit by But her men’s ordeal. the caused amnesia slowly from the recovering team, the with she stays revived, been has rig’s woman young Once the lifeboat. emergency Jarman’s short story approaches this legacy through a provocative parody aprovocative parody through Jarman’s legacy approaches this short story Although the story could very well have ended at that point, have ended it at well that moves very on could story the Although 4 3

The Greek arktos Greek The The stations of the Distant Early Warning Radar Line were built all over Alaska and the and Alaska over all built were Line Radar Early Warning theDistant of stations The 4 which it nevertheless postpones to an already obsolete future. obsolete future. already to an postpones it which nevertheless Ursa Major Ursa star, North the to gave also Romans the name the “bear,” means 3 rescue a starlet adrift in an offshore an oil- in adrift astarlet rescue ------.

REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 39 REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 40 age when globalization age 168). (Ricou work” an in will Set imaginary the in ashift re-imagining, a massive rise of globalization. The Northwest Passage makes this historical conjunction geographically visible. geographically conjunction historical this makes Passage The Northwest of globalization. rise the for way the paved have onwards, Renaissance the from which, expansion of imperial forces the on insists (23). Jay further millennium new of the turn the to back of globalization discussion public ining of Canada’s Far North and of the stories attached to this region of globe. the to this of of stories attached Canada’s the and North ining Far are-imag to genre encourage upon Jarman’s amost didactic that draws short story show have on whole repercussions will the The subsequent planet. sections will that environment the in when changes introducing incur beings human responsibility subversion from aparodic works Planet” the ofupon Snow to “Little reflect White” version put a blemish on the pristineness the princess and her namesake originally originally her and namesake version princess the put on ablemish pristineness the Jarman’s in ice” white Dalmatian and “black and on castaway’s face the freckles 3),the (Barthelme of line dots on story’spage the first reproduced avertical in are adorn heroine Barthelme’s that spots and beauty the bottom.sumptuous Much like proportions to reduced the of awoman’s dimension further its cosmic has planet above where the passage the in them, as degrades occasionally and motifs literary 19) that recycles (McCaffery 125), of trash” (Nealon “aesthetics to an resorts and of “‘creat[ing] conundrum out of text” postmodern of junkpile the the the art’ new 42-43). As Donald Barthelme in his novella his in Barthelme Donald 42-43). As my white lovely planet, afrozen (Jarman planet” up like into coming view ass naked the that to gave Anadyomene: andthat flowskin, birth Venus “Herhair sodden ebbout and the prompt of sea with forms the of female time-honoured associations men the lifted body about senseless the of Daydreams erotic reveries. acollage as through comes “My first Planet” of White this, Because of herdays convalescence. lazy the and to life back woman how men the brought inanimate the he reminisces people narrator’s the that solitude, as fantasies the in perhaps elsewhere, lies story the that suggest 37). short cut also may the (Nischik writers present But the in case, by Modernist brought to open-endedness perfection and narrative fragmented time-structure, condensed format, of forms episodic compression, the extreme viz. forallows allegedly genre form. Thestory short stunted item this news in sensational to down a boils adventure which one about to outcome know the needs Arctic of an everything to condenses its denouement.thus itpage rushes first The than begun 25). at her, story No the aimed (Jarman sooner has rented onher neck” jewels sunny golden vision “Iof microphone, haveher afinal at a limelight: microphones many to Hollywood’s returned ultimately found, saved and is a castaway which in events sequence theof from plain diverges that line narrative a inspires afterthought The 5 “Seven of us examine her. Seven men and our Snow White” (Jarman 26). her. Snow our (Jarman men and Seven White” examine of“Seven us

The term first appeared in the 1960s (Steger 9), but Jay traces the beginning of popular popular of beginning the the traces in (Steger 9), but1960s Jay appeared first term The 1. THE STORY AND ITS GENERIC AFFILIATIONS GENERIC ITS 1. AND STORY THE 5 goes on a par with the rise of ecological perils, “My perils, White of ecological rise the with on apar goes Snow

White White (1967), embraces Jarman - over now associate with international terrorism and military retaliation: military terrorism and international over with now associate world the audiences images forth never elucidated call or are dated, precisely they of wonder into anticipation which in darker, tale tones. shades dystopian the namely into another, tale of adjacent fiction, universe moment of fairy the limits the we cross 11). “Cracking” ega, But where acontext it in interrogations the abound resonates motivations (Bacchil psychological than rather functions embody formulaic acters char which tale in 36). The not the question does befit the morphology of (Jarman she think?” does other. the What one of seven us, after the she studies sometimes us, she men’s to opposes the she kisses version “Sometimes new of tale: the this in desire Snow in unreadability White’s the and stead serving of silence woman the the with contrasts Introductionsharply 16).echoes chilega, The proliferation intertextual of (Bac tolerant transformations and of of remarkably revisions a genre plasticity the indexes which images, and of texts agenealogy “My within Planet” inscribe White effectively have received its avatars and tale attention original the critical to the and 4). “Cracking” (Bacchilega, production” tale the reproduction narrative and informing of sexual rules “intertwined to the demonstrate elaborated critics lateron feminist which 29 respectively), Gubar’s and anod to Gilbert interpretation of Snow “Little White” and 34 slate for “a is [him] to on, write woman blank to create” (Jarman amnesiac the obviousby (or that aless more perhaps reflects donnish) narrator when hint the topos literary a into tale fairy the have constituted that inscriptions to the allusions with signposted intous ushers here a someone well-trodden been territory, before.narrator The has tale, 40). ofand fairy 26 the precincts entering the we are If forstood (Jarman duties in a “listening post where post [they] don’t a“listening 45).duties in listen” (Jarman daily enigmatic the go men performing on while conflict, planetary imminent an announce and recall to simultaneously seem terror that airborne to an references of of fear, several result the present climate and blur into past apervasive between 33 39). and (Jarman Distinctions Channel on History the watching menthe are newsreels and documentaries the conjured up through also aperiod War strategies, Cold and operations of DEWLine the the past, toment a more back distant hark men’s the equip electronic surrounding sophisticated their and secrecy occupations (Jarman 31, station theline fly over that 33). music” of airplanes the the But tial 6/11, precedent the of mirrors 9/11, eerily “engine’s the through evoked mar also “My White Planet” comprises allusions to historical events that, although although that, events to historical allusions “My comprises Planet” White parody, Disneyadaptation, to to the Barthelme’s postmodern References No year anchors the date in a specific time period, yet the day of thedaythe month,of period, yet time a specific in date the anchors No year mail. the in is no cheque and strings the but no one puppets, pulling is paid are We oversight? out bureaucratic in us computer take abudget-conscious or did war a in erased everyone Is data. circumspect narrow our or demands denials or fervent coded orders with us plies No No printouts. officiant thoughtless. blank, remain flaw, without seem screens but our June 11. software and after dishes dead Our went but something accord, the after functioning secretly We station aline inhabit . The explicit reference to a videotape of the Disney classic is preceded is preceded explicit. Thetheclassic videotape referenceDisney of to a (Jarman 26-27) (Jarman - - - - -

REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 41 REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 42 sive recipient of the transformations a more temperate civilization had in store in sive forhad recipient it. a more temperate civilization of transformations the conveniently homogenous,as immutable presence, devoid and pas of the ahuman to sought represent has Westerndimension into which discourse aspace colonizing productions of present. the Grace’s comprehensive approach re-injects ahistorical artistic the and exploration to the age antiquity from classical of Arctic, the views (Grace, authority” “Gendering”ist 165), southern itsin foundations expose and superiority (of stock), imperial and racial European white, and northern spiritual intellectual, identity hardy, comprising masculinity, virile Canadian of adistinctly “the image informing been has that narrative help northern cault the her delineate and Fou fromborrows Bakhtin nomenon. successively conceptstwo Grace The have long been on the course of the emissaries of expanding empires: of expanding of emissaries have long the on course been the Canada’s regions that polar present, the pointedlyrecalling and past the between acollision causes Jarman’s on Canada’s motifs, dystopian myth northern and take tale of fairy Herk’s handling van formulationvery, his (87)? with Aritha to adapt As enterprise into of reco an to tends turn of voyage discovery each which in narrative ( tion” forma a“chronotope” as North a“discursive (“Gendering”) as then and Canadian (105). of self-aggrandizement tales of for the male Grace’s Sherrill a setting analysis region into the have constituted that texts the against contrapuntally space Arctic exploration own of his John Moss when reading text,” of extended the explains part person, in you you become enter When Arctic written. the ever of Arctic tive the you narra enter every narrative, you of lore: enter northern “When Arctic classics the in precedents Gothic their have environment. ends gruesome Their extreme an conditions of harsh to the life his loses man another time every closer draws danger “My as Planet” in White occurs of degradation process Asimilar blurred. becomes outside consciousness and inside their lies what between line dividing the as grate, embody to disinte they authority the to and alter stability mental their causes ally of forms alterity. by insidious The men’s order challenged and are isolationgradu to authority aremotestate frontier over outpost watch to keep aborder where law Peter in dier Carey’s “A West” the in (1980) Windmill were sent out by acentral (1980) J.M. Waiting Coetzee’s in Barbarians for the magistrate the sol the and The of Dino Buzzati’s (1938).Steppe wake Tartar Lieutenant Drogo, Buzzati’s Like of the empires in crumbling the have heralded that dystopias ber of postcolonial Canada How “My topoi relate to Planet” does the White Have you been here almost as long? she wonders. long? as here almost youHave been Eurocentric rats Europe, in born long so a time, there being rats and stones stones, on ballast lying rat wegian Nor frozen to show her the courting, we are if ship, as wooden her to the I walk faces razor Aztec their wear, formal their behind on us spying ravens and of scree Slopes the years? off oneeating pickby them one, bears stiff-legged Did the table. on their still men, lost food before, centuries liberately de beached perhaps ice, in stuck We satellite, lost on our ship awooden found theand evokemen’s to a num fail isolatedcannot setting The predicament ) has thrown light on the accretion of texts accounting for this phe for this accounting of on accretion texts light the thrown ) has , going nowhere now., going (Jarman 29-30, emphasis added) 29-30, emphasis (Jarman . constitutive of constitutive anorthern ------century have somehow failed and that southern stories about the North are bound are southern stories about North that the and have somehow failed century from the 1980s onwards. the from women’s in writings, especially revisions, subsequent its on explore to moving before years, mative for Canada’s during myth anational into how it consolidated showing narrative, northern Canada’s parodic form. parodic Jarman’s later in decades short story, three adegraded, in albeit itto see resurface it remarkable is alike, writers and from scholars century of twentieth the decades topos detected.has this Because (1995) Atwood as withstand, men whosebravest coldamong could only the embrace force alluring yet acruel attributes, endowed is female with Arctic the which in of foundations to Canada’s the back myth northern harken woman and land fusing 28).metaphors her Thegeographical white hip, shores”tight, her (Jarman perfect on Snow White’s “blue-routeskin. fine [...] of and map veins ice-water [H]erskin hand lay will to decidewho game gambling a one first to suggest the also is him, nicknamed others the For as female. Rassy, conventionally gendered space as nial domination over acolo of imperial discourse of a male endurance embody the should also of Rasmussen name by the goes that character the no coincidence that (Van Herk to current Cathay” 82). to “the ocean It access then is direct and fast route would them give polar the that powers to trace European the tition between of compe end put to centuries an of Arctic geography the the against victory gious 1922 between 1924, and prodi to Alaska his by from dog Greenland sleigh sage the Pas Northwest travelled explorer first Danish the reader. to the When signal 33). (Jay of millennium the turn the since accelerating have been phenomenon anascent as they to regard simply because onethat would mistaken be forces development historical of the globalizing in on aregion caught perspective integrate a to thelong-termshortstory causes time-warp The resulting propagating. contributed they to about ideology the stowaway qualm rodents) slightest the had when (nor neither persuasions sailors nineteenth-century and recognitions critical twenty-first-century between gap the bridging “Eurocentric,” anachronism another theuse narrator’sunderscoredof by ironical further implicationis This veillance. sur enterprise of ofparanoid conquest same the and parcel and part are they as far inso tableau, frozen men the do belong this in that insinuation the in some truth be may question. there Indeed, naïve woman’s the her and falsely tradicts amnesia con that dimension The a birds’ temporal opens presence cultures. indigenous can many other North-Ameri in as a prominentInuitin Trickster mythology figure bird the of but creation, it also is Arctic, the in raven a common species is enough The Americas. the settled south, and slowly ago, some drifted Strait 18,000 years Bering theover came thewho populations profile, anthropomorphized their with along of scene and, re/discovery over presiding ravens this the focus into sharp brings Bestowing the name of Rasmussen on the story’s villain sends another strong strong another sends on story’s the villain of Rasmussen name the Bestowing incongruous euphonious)The (though combination of and “razor” “Aztec” 6

Atwood, Grace and Hulan developed complementary approaches to the conventions of conventions the to approaches complementary developed Hulan and Grace Atwood, 6 Does this mean that the counter-discursive assaults of the previous of previous the assaults counter-discursive the that mean this Does was the object of sustained critiques in the closing closing critiques the in object the of sustained was ------

REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 43 REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 44 as “dwarfs,” as narrative re-enter northern and the setting on fairy-tale the backs their turn tégée pro his and narrator the to for coast, station do head leave line the when the they 31). loud jets” (Jarman as up, big our singing hoods with wind Quonsets Butthe we’re while close outside working sneaking are bears if us warns system detection “An them: have stopped electronic reaching work instructions longstation after line at the them retains of men’s the industriousness their never disclosed, is labour nature the home. to aspotless Although repair them sees evening before the night, morn till from early 5), Disney’s “Cracking” than heigh-hoing digging ega, miners (Bacchil Snow in mediators men who intervene White’s as socialization diminished do not 44) much so resemble the (Jarman Awards Emmy from the greets woman the “dwarves” the instance, first the In belittled. stature have their characters the exploitation? of tions on but foundations premised rela outcome the rogate the of narrative anorthern not does inter that –one reading another encourage desperate, sounds it almost emphatic so is of that ownership aclaim with “My Planet,”in White beginning tion followed control. by rhetoric and displayed occupation the Or could of excess gendered logic the of explora expression of territorial acentury-old to perpetuate would seem fantasies narrator’s the respect, sexual this In course? to follow same the context. Disney, however, did not retain the old-fashioned spelling in their 1937 adaptation of the tale. 1937 of the their in adaptation spelling old-fashioned the Disney, not retain however, did context. arealistic to more suited is “dwarfs” whereas original Grimm of the diction quaint the to back us takes white background, while also recalling the presence of the sea mammals and (once) and mammals of presence sea the the recalling also while white background, on a chiselled of lines black alandscape it ships, describes aptly oped on whaling devel sailors art 45). word the carving to refers the (Jarman Because scrimshaw” of away, whalebone lines far dark a subsequent mountains and description: “White the in use wordof unexpected “scrimshaw” the by achieved is effect Asimilar rain. couple who the ter of have preceded those on same the gaze measuring the also of sky, the immensity but the portioning faces huge rock of two image upjures the it since relevant con historically and arresting visually both is calipers” “like simile Whether they are part of the fairy-tale or its dystopian transformation, or transformation, its dystopian of fairy-tale the part are they Whether 7 over ravens ice-bound ship, of pre-Columbian the the the vigil the with As added) emphasis 40, (Jarman interest. alively taking no bears and clear sky but the awish, like penetrating shore, wind calipers like cliffs and horizon lost endless rers, explo lunar landscape, vast in the dwarfs cairns, stone old the follow us two of The straits. the in ice unreliable and broken hike, aplodding It’s downhill, and uphill

The spelling difference calls attention to the story’s different generic regimes, “dwarves” “dwarves” regimes, generic different story’s the to attention calls difference spelling The 7 their presence barely noticeable in the immensity surrounding them: surrounding immensity the noticeable in barely presence their 2. DWARFED 2. , white mountains, wracked spinning spinning wracked mountains, , white ------nomy of extraction, of nomy development the eco exploitation and the nature with of of acapitalistic apassive associated are dwarves more fairy-tale If value. ambivalent afar possesses dwarf the of figure the which in whose benevolent absent from astory remarkably is presence inuksuit sense, this In match. quite cannot of away aline cairns in landscape Arctic the humanize on tundra, the and reassurance ofguidance a personshape to the up offer in long stacking been local local theused preferablyas is moreto it insofar effect “cairn” same to works the Gaelic cited above, the passage the beyond. In Arctic the and Atlantic, of Northwest the coldthe waters to boats fishing European drew that originally fish-stocks abundant shovel or a pick” (Zipes 65). (Zipes or apick” shovel a with dig dig dig you /If quick rich get to “It ain’t no trick measure: good for lyrics “Heigh-Ho” the in embedded nugget adidactic with embellishment, afurther constitute movie animated ney theDis in glittering rubies and diamonds The mine. a nondescript mentioned which manuscript the to 1810addition gold,”andan “for ore mining are they version, printed first the In scription. tion to the story’s spatial and temporal coordinates. According to Jolles, it the is According coordinates. temporal and tion story’s to the spatial defini adds detail vivid a time tolerateevery can formula tale thefairy than cific rendered “My is Planet” more White avatars, place-spe its dystopian and narrative the to northern of its affiliation upon. Because draws story the of other genres the troubled efficacy, asthe is interference it by much loses of its original message ing Introduction however, 7). present the In case, tale’s the (Bacchilega, comfort them inherent to attitudes the and its gendershaping flip attention social of side, arly as inordinate hardship, provided one is courageous or astute enough. or astute provided one hardship, inordinate courageous is of face the in prevail or most humble the can weakest the even that reassurance the brings ahappy ending time every alleviates, traditionally tale fairy the anxieties of the part be it of prospect by abear’s is the as should embrace, also smothering of triggered infancy, 43). vulnerability the that It remarkable is (Jarman blue sky” fear, whenwith “the world in your mother line, agiant [was] asnapping laundry narrator’s to the of memory ambivalent a love the tower mind laced call above him, they as “My Planet,” in huge silhouettes, White their giants and only true the are 45). men’sthe white bears the (Jarman fact, In preys human shelter their to observe of window to the ungainly rise animals the who see characters the close) obsesses ubiquitous hiding be must they (or presence for, case, absence worse, their this in of forms exploitation the for. prepare south and from the they intrusions Thebears’ against its recalcitrance seduction of the but of its North, embrace, the also duality 26). water’sting map” wind-wrenched (Jarman green of stone abut garden ice and “this embracing gaze incipitthe landscaping the with in as early as begins which its geography, of domestication wild the the master viz. to how southern no attempts, matter unobtrusive, dwarfs actively Arctic the ever inukshuk 8 The reassuring potential of fairy tales has as probablyschol much has received tales fairy of potential The reassuring formulaic the embodies bear polar the of Arctic, the emanation animal the As

The dwarves’ occupation became more specific with each rewriting of the Grimms’ tran Grimms’ the of rewriting each with specific more became occupation dwarves’ The . Both are directional markers, but stones Inuit the the have markers, for so directional are . Both 8 this power relation is reversed in the northern narrative when narrative northern the in power reversed relation is this , the plural form of inukshuk plural , the , are also miniature men miniature also , are ------

REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 45 REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 46 few TV channels that still operate or the VCR when the latter can be coaxed into coaxed be operate or VCR the can latter when still the that channels TV few the compulsively watch team The have trouble open of they time filling. stretches longer monitored, vast and men’s the constraining routines become less labour universe. electronic mer amulti-connected in for come surreptitiously the to replace has latter when the infoscape, and landscape emphasis).thesentenceporosity between original foregrounds last 34, The (Jarman we’rewhile, nothing then happy again, VCR for works a down:“Our cranky VCR out, the and breaks dries also emails flow the stops. then Computerof blank, go to screens a trickle thins of messages 3) lost its power. had “Cracking” Thestream (Bacchilega, mirror” the in authority incident mysterious the on reported 6/11, after messages receiving “the if it as is Pole. North way to the the stops But all team when the McLuhan’s village global sustains that diet of role the indication playedton image by aclear the is food/feed clouds of mosquitoes?” (Jarman 31).clouds of mosquitoes?” (Jarman AK-47. an the aWarhol out past there happening is stigmata, banana, What Minh, no what’s idea “May out we read. of 1brought still”, there Ho brief Chi pictures star, stopped: no no feed blues satellite death channel, the stopped mouth our as in over food anymore, “Nothing satellite devices: own to their team mute, the leaving Queen’s Evil South, down become the has Meanwhile, mirror magic casket. glass Put differently, a destruction. White’sconsumption and already Snow is lifeboat of fantasies to come but abirth reflects dow not “My does Planet” in frame White win thehere, for is obstructed future 42).the man on perspective fairy-tale’s The Outside it’swindow the at us. in (Jar stare death” bears the like in we stared and aTV like window seawater, that oil-rig into window self-righting lifeboat, the the icy in white rolling body “I remember naked the vulnerability: their to materialize come gradually surfaces same the outpost, beyond their lies what men touch in with the keep upon world windows the “My these initially Planet.”in White Although proliferate that surfaces mirroring and screens the in than short story a dystopian of Arctic. the the topoi inflect and attempt to destabilize an object the of déjà-vu singular, and formulaic turn in as measured be can of survival tale this which against space to the depth restore ahistorical trusively its present-daytlement, and exploration the unob age exploitation. tropes These point and Arctic’speriod to the set of first narrative intersperse the “scrimshaw”) of (as “Aztec,” use shown by the synecdoches a number of strategic “caliper” and Instead landscape. Harris or aLawren Service by Robert aballad found in quality 113). (Jolles everlasting none Jarman’s has of timeless, the of this, aresult Arctic As form of short story the sophisticated therefore the tend and towards generality in but lose actuality, in gain will tale the style– orlocations a conspicuously original and dates specific with case the is –as its relevance narrow particularities When once etc upon atime, aking, (aterms acastle, forest, as a it “simple defines that form”: tale of fairy general the its non-descript character But once their connection with the South stops and their actions are no are actions their stops South and the But with connection once their Jarman writes of a connected Arctic awash with information. Thepolypto information. with awash Arctic of aconnected writes Jarman into tale thefairy the of indication morphing of perhaps Thereis better no again. Snow on screen” the industrious so again. long associated with the pristineness pristineness the with long associated .) make it all encompassing. encompassing. .) it all make , but also , but also ------reservoir of visual stimulation and simulation the narrator craves: craves: narrator the simulation and stimulation of visual reservoir however, books, provide ultimate It that the illustrated old is playing recordings. coming here together into a turmoil of sensations upsetting the structural opposi structural the upsetting of here sensations into together coming aturmoil hot cold and wilderness, the of and kitchen predators,domestic the space the local crowd the tourist and the between gap the bridge that /b/ in alliterations many Hollywood: in princess entertainment an as herto existence resume of (dis)enchantment land from the broken released is Snow is and spell the White Jarman’s (114). style momentexact the when at climax its reaches Theshortstory of characteristic as Glover analysed has pyrotechnics of verbal adisplay the with dependent existence? mutually yet distinct, their guarantees that distance the lenging ever, worlds or, collide two when the rather, when into one other, the intrudes chal 38-39).whisper-quiet ride, its no how money happens, o.a.c” down (Jarman What aheater? Did and world the wheels with away go or we? Its did anything drive last of colours I alost mad world. did the rivers, When through splashing and bashing for heroic Ads a shopping then pickup channel. trucks “First channel, tive: a video from southern a theperspec implicitly North define that absence and silence the anoisy, as world consistency temperate separate against but most of gains South all the which cold, through and far, warm and close hereopposition there, and between adialectical triggers gesture his points to apicture, narrator the time Every demand. high in stand energy world a cluttered consumer and where goods existence consumer bold, italics in original) in italics bold, in emphasis 40-41, added (Jarman ice. on the laid ship of this shadow exact the at the ship’s rail and white ship’s and at the rail see ab see The ship’s arrival causes collisions at several levels: thephoniclevels: with several ones at collisions causes Theship’s arrival suddenly awhite ice the lines, shadow zigzags, with for her, shot through ice white and black smashing hull confident the later day a half and flare the but I fire daytime Bright [...] icebergs. the bright in smokestack its sees she says she Then slowin motionshore Arctic staged is theship on the cruise of arrival The dot story, the that of pronouns deictic alitany lists into bring various the In This diamondring guitar. a red suit, bathing is a black This a bi-plane. is This pig. greased a chasing farmkids are These [...] periodicals. and books picture old to her, from British Iread orphan, our afternoons the Now in

ear!! b

uckling up, ab uckling B uffets, fresh Italian b Italian fresh uffets, Dalmatian ice just for her, smokestack’s lipstick red stripe just just stripe red for lipstick her, just ice smokestack’s Dalmatian

[sic]. (Jarman 29, original emphasis, see also 32, 34, 38) 32, 34, also see emphasis, 29, [sic]. original (Jarman 3. BREAKING ICE 3. BREAKING right right shag stateroom where B where stateroom shag b reaking world roaring b world roaring reaking read, pepper steak, b steak, pepper read, rooklyn tourists b tourists rooklyn lue elow sous chefs grinning grinning chefs elow sous b erries, green eyes and and eyes green erries, kitchen floor kitchen ray ray Hope we Hope we - - - -

REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 47 REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 48 illustrates the productive paradox formulated by Sheena Wilson, Adam Carlson Carlson byproductiveformulated Sheena the paradox Wilson, Adam illustrates perfectly landing the sense, possible. this In extravagance this makes what erating oblit while senses to the appeal that smells and of sounds display colours, a lavish theoccasions ship of arrival The last. cold will the long for as as preserved fauna, charismatic and of its icebergs views to enjoy up North far so ventured spectacular entertainment. and mation infor lighting, heating, of clothing, food, guises various the in comfortable gers her keep passen to and ship operate the necessary smoke, upgoing in remains yet is invisible which the encircles of presence aresource smokestack curvaceous the golden brown like honey” (191). clear and gracing stripe red above, the the in As out oil, house oozing “sweet gingerbread immense an North Canadian the in see Wiebe’s frame tale, story, who would tempted be those to cautioning fairy Grimm blue of Fort (188). McMurray sky (1812), Gretel” and to “Hansel Nods another crisp the in instantly blow vanishes smoke out“candy-striped that chimneys” dark of Rudy Wiebe’s opening the with of Angel Sands” “The Tar (1982) which in here may drawn be Aparallel her over of and passengers. ship appetites gloss the the aseductive or devour, throwing lipstick exhale it to what turn in may as tion arises resembles a mouth, a smokestack ques the If sheapple tempts which her with rival. Queen’s Evil the but bright also promise the sexuality, ofthe and abudding smirk 39).evoke White’sto Snow fail lips, cannot colour Thecrimson (Jarman a year” once “[a] remembers that to call ally used of red the lipstick astripe big boat with casu first of ship, the narrator when the mention for arrival the earlier preparing an to enough deserve important is into asexy,smokestack open mouth. The detail theship’s turns which the stripe red in counterpart should find its teeth glistening scale. consumption on aglobal world, the across of encouraging audiences view the of proffering to objects communication, of desire channels smooth along and tances long across dis of values people, and circulation information the facilitate ship ing emphasis). icebreak the and television the 45 original Both 42, and (Jarman ice” on bears as white their teeth [...]and winks, girl Junior dream love our cameras The Tonight.her on Infotainment one up with of She Jack shacked Nicholson’s is sons. by her we side: see “On TV Charming Prince on with ascreen when she reappears onto aura of bear’s displacement the Snow feral ultimate the White announces which highway the old of Malibu, jealous bearskin, rug, on afireside naked I thinkof her ( of white rug expanse that in narrator’s hiding the eyes “squinty black mind, prompts bear’s the white in fur erotic the fantasies with resonant is for instance, temperate The of the globe. ship’s zones concentrated in the stateroom,” “whiteshag and power affluence the with synonymous asouthern privilege becomes clearly and latitudes, the across redistributed gets whiteness through, seeps seawater dark and cracks ice the As contamination. unexpected an once again, causing, impact the ship, the with along into picture the sail that smells fragrant of and colours splash (1969). to Levi-Strauss according ence, into exist came societies human which with cooked the and raw the tion between Without have could ship power the of oil, none on cruise the of tourists the close-up couple’s on the princely It the no coincidence that seems then theand ice Arctic onebetween and olfactory visual a also is collision The and and ),” ),” ------but South: down consumed up North by invisible oil, extracted fuelled wealth cornucopia and –the of warmth for she stands promise of the abundance with along departed Snow has White after in 33 and 28 sets respectively). definitely But scarcity (Jarman rivets” steel inside ghosts like wavering vapours fumes, on flying drains, fuel theoverhead, flying “until or of persistent stock sound the fuel, team’s of the airplanes with tion, as dwindling of sense exhaus a pervading with however, story the remarks, instil Scattered rative. kept is outside of nar scope the lifeboat, the emergency ended an up woman in the the why reason initiates theplot, prime that outcome? The disaster offshore oil-rig play a decisive role they its in although unnoticed, pass elementsstory easily may 1992. as Ghosh (2002) early as apoint by Amitav made consumers, world’s energy the are that largest countries in written fiction the in absence apuzzling remained far so has what problematizing of oil awareness have arole an to play creating in stories certainly respect, this In (6). invisible substance” socially visible this “making in resides tion, challenge the transi energy the and fuels of fossil exhaustion by the necessary formations made sight” (5). trans plain to hidden be in far-ranging the For concerned with scholars today. explorations of energy critical have in ... managed fuels Fossil who engages everyone to almost asurprise as comes that afact imaginaries, social and cultural inversein their in our stood relationship presence to has modernity defining in fuels introduction to their Petrocultures in Szeman Imre and unspectacular objects and routes of transmission. As a rule, pipelines are dull” (Macdonald 42). (Macdonald dull” are pipelines arule, As of transmission. routes and objects unspectacular butrelatively productive extremely multiple depicting of challenge added the [...] confirms and opacity sheer its to tied is banality representative oil’s everyday of confronting dilemma representative “vast home” and “last home.” home”“vast “last and Thestory, however, different one forcourse, opts a here between closeness by the suggested apossible scenario process, the in life their losing often time, own of corruptions their away from the Arctic the in refuge sought romantic heroes who have of countless footsteps the the follows in move, man the worldwide With development of this the communication. with networks of global disseminated and resources earth’s to the access on premised aboundless fantasy Edenic of an points limits to the WWII, after began that era postlapsarian to the hint The them. among feature clearly by NAFTA available made tous strawberries ubiqui –the of globalization agents byon the hyper-consumption the encouraged Is our culturally inured indifference to oil the reason why thesome thereason shortto of oil indifference inured culturally our Is 9 back his turns narrator station, he to for the line head decides the When 43) (Jarman home suburb. [...],vast Eve postwar now and the gone from Adam my become have icefields contorted liver, it poisonous here, these butwith I like end it Isuppose, all up some liver fry always Icould Mexico. from strawberries eat they ship cruise the on while crystals juice last (someoneit), the sniffing is diesel of naphtha, barrels we’re last Quonsets to the and down hangars cold the In

Oil is conveyed south through invisible pipelines, which poses further difficulties: “The difficulties: further poses which pipelines, invisible through south conveyed is Oil 9 : “The importance of fossil of fossil importance : “The - - - - -

REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 49 REVISTA CANARIA DE ESTUDIOS INGLESES, 78; 2019, PP. 37-53 50 Janus’s only, of war uncer temple times open in facing empire when the was was org/cryosphere/sotc/iceshelves.html Cryosphere the of State Center. Data Ice Snow and National See 1990s. mid the to back date shelves ice Antarctic and Arctic of disintegration the document to efforts although ago, decade a anticipated been have hardly could that warming of global aconsequence North, Canadian the possible by petroleum” (LeMenager 60). (LeMenager bypetroleum” possible cally enough, the global reach of petromodernity has all but eradicated. all has of petromodernity reach global enough, the cally one ironi which, Inuit living, of inspired traditional ascetism an with masculinity 44).narrator’s The of a muscular thecombinesrituals routine (Jarman want” they anything they do they loveso andus us, much, want They bears. polar two those We them. catch shorebirds alone up here, are when we’re Ican out for watching on eating “I do burners, erism: pushups, jump boiling fat on my trampoline, tiny of ravenous land to consum the shipped back been Snow has ended, and White has tale fairy the after Arctic the in contemplates for survival that possibilities the two faces, alternatively showing a sunrise or a sunset ( or asunset asunrise showing alternatively faces, two having represented often as endings and patron of the beginnings gates, doors and of god portals, guardian of the Janus, name the also is which passageway, arched of passageway. keeper the and position 27),to the embrace its riches, of and janitor,man her kingdom caretaker (Jar girl” dream “charcoal-eyed to his sible claim princely when he his renounces respon ethically as extremis of in “My emerges Planet” White character central and ofnarrator The others. desires protected competing from the stands individual the where to aspace create oppose desires to its members’ boundless will community ahuman limits the reinstates team by the murder perpetrated tion of collective the 41). of her” (Jarman because The revela We ajanitor Rassy both. and prince killed have way she me –I’m could the know ever “No one a will for himself: all planet white the hopes of claiming away, all paramour forsakes and his waves narrator the where scene the in answer proposes arevealing short story the questions, ethical to of breathe her? 35, Would world 43). the have ended?” (Jarman To radically these on, “Would can’tWhy further it and, we we do just bad so want?” have what been don’t rules appetites:old “The apply here. [...] We’ve good. been We’vestupid. been when carnal confronted own to their of nature– call the and of law culture –the need and desire between to maintain strived team the attention distinction to the ultimate replacement of flirtatious Snow White by two hungry polar bears polar two Whitehungry by Snow replacement ofultimate flirtatious bear’s of prospect apolar the The embrace. faces irony when indigenization further element undoubtedlyThis is Whitein present “MyPlanet”, butundercut is it by for themselves. of indigenization measure acertain 44), thereby earn and (Atwood of white civilization” cruelty rapacious and greed decadence, “advancing the survive to wilderness the in white upon men refuge the who to seek rescue called is fulness The English “janitor” stems from the Latin wordLatin forthefrom “janitor”door, stems ianua English The 11 10 resource whenever indigenous arises that malaise the tooff fight It hard is

I am aware, even as I am writing this, that polar bears are indeed starving to death in in death to starving indeed are bears polar that this, writing Iam as even aware, I am “Petromodernity refers to a modern life based in the cheap energy systems long made made long systems energy cheap the in based life amodern to refers “Petromodernity . OED OED n.p . ). ancient In Rome, , from ianus . https://nsidc. 10 11 calls calls ------, replace century-old patterns of exploitation. triumphant patterns century-old replace the for environment care may active so urgentredefinition for an obsolete, call from being far positioning, where of expressions national ofcontext globalization the in of place Canada to reconsider strategic us the encourage transformations These scope. of planetary challenges environmental obfuscate they that sense untenable problematic become both and the has in of forms degradation, to all immune its self-regenerating silence, pristineness eternal in swathed ice dazzling and air of clean areservoir asanctuary, as of Arctic the views Cultivating excesses. from southern them insulating climate remoteness extreme their and inaccessible, as reaches its most northern to continue itmade impossible imagining for Canada Yusoffthe epigraph, haveputs in provokingly it Kathryn geographer heating,” as of “global on effects the event focussed attention the this and Passage Northwest the of The opening terms. symbolical as well as environmental geostrategic, in shifted positioning has on their aworld same the atlas, remains arguably lands position the of Canada’s Although Arctic imagination. powers of the science and West the conjoined which the long so exerted against obstruction to the be ceased has by now Passage the Northwest crossed first Rasmussen Knud after even Pacific fragile environments. of ravenous consequences of models consumption upon its most destructive the against astand should one re-enchanted, be take indeed world the can that a sense with its more accents dystopian balances of Canada’s narrative, northern remains on ironic light the an it casts as tale, initely. rhetoric of fairy But didactic the the indef answer 43). the (Jarman postpones The story short admits finally man the that out,” to find how you –I’m need waiting little higher. “Exactly to rise still tries he time every surface spherical to its small back man the pulling gravity poline, proportions to down the of tram atiny shrunk white man’s seemingly has planet moment when the liminal of adangerous writing also is Jarman prospects. tain The interlocking of land and ice that went on blocking access to the to access that wentand ice on blocking land of interlocking The Revised paper accepted for publication: 26 November 2018 November 26 publication: for accepted paper Revised Reviews sent to author: 21 October 2018 21 author: October to sent Reviews - -

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