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Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae) in the State of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil Herpetology Notes, volume 8: 557-559 (2015) (published online on 06 December 2015) New record and distribution extension of Siphonops paulensis Boettger, 1892 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae) in the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil Melissa Gogliath1,*, Carina Moura1, Marlla A. Matos1, Amanda S. F. Lantyer-Silva2 and Patricia Avello Nicola1 Gymnophiona is one of the three orders of recent Uruguay and Bolivia (Aquino et al., 2004; Miranda et Amphibians. They are easily distinguished from anurans al., 2013; Santana et al., 2015; Frost, 2015). According and salamanders by their sensory tentacle, cylindrical to Wilkinson et al. (2008), Siphonops annulatus (Mikan, body and absence of limbs (Taylor, 1968; Himstedt, 1820) has the largest distribution of any caecilian in 1996). Currently there are 206 species recognized South America. Nonetheless, the increasing number of (Frost, 2015), most of which are tropical and although records of S. paulensis suggest a range that may be as some are aquatic or semi-aquatic (Wilkinson and broad as its congener. Inside the Big Diagonal of Open Nussbaum, 1999) the majority are fossorial (Nussbaum Formations proposed by Vanzolini (1963), S. paulensis and Wilkinson, 1989), making them difficult to record. seems to be more associated with Cerrado Biome Studies have shown a high local abundance of some than with Caatinga. In fact, there is a notable absence species (Measey et al., 2003; Gower et al. 2004) but of records in Caatinga Biome, except in border areas. overall this group remains, probably, the least-known Here we provide a first report of the occurrence of S. order of recent tetrapods (Wilkinson, 2012). In Brazil, paulensis in the Caatinga Biome of Brazil. 13 genera and 33 species are recognized (Segalla et al., The specimen (502 mm total length, 121 annuli, Figure 2014) in four families: Rhinatrematidae, Caeciliidae, 1) was collected on January 24 2013, near the water Siphonopidae and Typhlonectidae (According to the reservoir Atalho, in Brejo Santo county (S 7.6022, W classification of Wilkinson et al. 2011). Around fifty 38.8661), Ceará state, Brazil. The caecilian was found percent of the known species in the country are known only from their type series (Faria and Mott, 2011). Siphonops paulensis Boettger, 1892 belongs to the family Siphonopidae and is widely distributed in South America, occurring mainly in wet forests of the Amazon Basin, but is also found in Argentina, Paraguay, 1 Laboratório de Herpetologia, UNIVASF - Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Campus Ciências Agrárias, BR 407, Km 12, lote 543, Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho - S/N C1, CEP: 56.300-000. Petrolina, PE, Brazil 2 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Campus Rio Claro, Caixa Postal 199, CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Figure 1. Siphonops paulensis from Brejo Santo, Ceará, * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Brazil. 558 Melissa Gogliath et al. Figure 2. Map with the new record (triangle) and distribution of Siphonops paulensis Boettger, 1892 in South America. Yellow circles: based on literature (modified from Santana et al. 2015). during active searching at night through the monitoring Acknowledgments. We thank Centro de Conservação e Manejo activities of the herpetofauna of the Integration Project de Fauna da Caatinga (CEMAFAUNA) for logistics; Ministério of São Francisco River (Projeto de Integração do Rio da Integração Nacional for financial support; Mark Wilkinson for valuable comments on this work; Matheus Ribeiro for the second São Francisco com as Bacias do Nordeste Setentrional). version of the map. Leonardo Ribeiro for reviewing the final The specimen has been deposited in the Herpetological manuscript. Collecting permit was granted by Instituto Brasileiro collection at Fauna Museum of Caatinga at Universidade do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis - IBAMA Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF; accession (Permit 95/2012 and Process 02001.003718/94-54). number MFCH1954). Despite being located in Caatinga Biome, the specimen Literature Cited was found in a phyto-physiognomy distinct of Caatinga Aquino, L., Reichle, S., Colli, G., Scott, N., Faivovich, J., strictu sensu, with milder weather, greater canopy cover Wilkinson, M., Measey, J. (2004): Siphonops paulensis, IUCN and floristic elements of Cerrado and Cerradão. Our Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. Available at record in this locality expands the occurrence of the http://www.iucnredlist.org/. Accessed on 28 May 2015. species 446 km southwest of Ceará Mirim, Rio Grande Faria, H. A. B., Mott, T. (2011): Geographic distribution of do Norte, and 1002 km northeast of Almas, Tocantins caecilians (Gymnophiona, Amphibia) in the state of Mato (Figure 2). Grosso, Brazil with a new state record for Caecilia mertensi Taylor 1973. Herpetology Notes 4: 053-056. The new record highlights the importance of further Frost, D. R. (2015): Amphibian Species of the World: an online studies with amphibian communities in Cerrado and reference, version 6.0. Available at http://research.amnh. Caatinga environments in order to better understand the org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. American Museum of distributions of these animals. Natural History, New York, USA. Accessed on 28 May 2015. New record and distribution extension of Siphonops paulensis in Northeastern Brazil 559 Gower, D.J., Loader, S.P., Moncrie, C.B., Wilkinson, M. (2004): Taylor, E.H. (1968): The caecilians of the world. A taxonomic Niche separation and comparative abundance of Boulengerula review. Lawrence, EUA, University of Kansas Press. boulengeri and Scolecomorphus vittatus (Amphibia: Vanzolini, P.E. (1963): Problemas faunísticos do cerrado. In: Gymnophiona) in an East Usambara forest, Tanzania. African Simpósio sobre o Cerrado, p. 307-320. Universidade de São Journal of Herpetology 53:183–190. Paulo, São Paulo. Himstedt, W. (1996): Die Blindwühlen. Westarp Wissenschaften, Wilkinson, M. 2012. Caecilians. Current Biology 22: R668-R669. Magdeburg. Wilkinson, M., Nussbaum, R.A. (1999): Evolutionary relationships Measey, G.J., Gower, D.J., Oommen, O.V., Wilkinson, M. (2003): of the lungless caecilian Atretochoana eiselti (Amphibia: Quantitative surveying of limbless endogenic vertebrates a case Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae). Zoological Journal of the study of Gegeneophis ramaswamii (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) Linnean Society 126: 191–223. in southern India. Applied Soil Ecology 23: 43–53. Wilkinson, M., Kupfer, A., Marques-Porto, R., Jeffkins, H., Miranda, J.P., Matos, R.F., Scarpa, F.M., Rocha, C.F.D. (2013): Antoniazzi, M.M., Jared, C. (2008): One hundred million years New record and distribution extension of Siphonops paulensis of skin feeding? Extended parental care in a Neotropical caecilian (Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae) in the state of Maranhão, (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Biology Letters 4: 358-361. Northeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 6: 327–329. Nussbaum R.A., Wilkinson, M. (1989): On the classification and phylogeny of caecilians (Amphibia:Gymnophiona), a critical review. Herpetological Monographs 3: 1–42. Santana, D. O., De-Carvalho, C. B., Freitas, E. B. de, Nunes, G. S. S., Faria, R. G. (2015): First record of Siphonops paulensis Boettger, 1892 (Gymnophiona: Siphonopidae) in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. Check List 11: 1531. Segalla, M., Caramaschi, U., Cruz, C. A. G., Grant, T., Haddad, C. F. B. Langone, J. A. Garcia, P. C. de A. (2014): Brazilian amphibians – List of species. Available at http:// www.sbherpetologia.org.br/images/LISTAS/2014.02-07- MudancasTaxonomicas.pdf. Accessed on 28 May 2015. Accepted by Hendrik Müller.
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