Calvatia Brasiliensis Fungal Planet Description Sheets 395

394 Persoonia – Volume 42, 2019

Calvatia brasiliensis Fungal Planet description sheets 395

Fungal Planet 913 – 19 July 2019 Calvatia brasiliensis R.J. Ferreira, R.L. Oliveira, B.D.B. Silva, M.P. Martín & Baseia, sp. nov.

Etymology. In reference to the country where this species was collected. Typus. Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, João Câmara, Serra do Torreão, near trail, soil, 17 Feb. 2017, R.L. Oliveira (holotype UFRN-Fungos 3039, Classification — Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes. ITS and LSU sequences GenBank MK660463 and MK660493, MycoBank MB830236). Basidiomata growing solitary or in small groups, pyriform to subglobose, 19–37 mm wide × 27–29 mm high. Exoperidium Additional materials examined. Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, João Câ- mara, Serra do Torreão, near trail, soil, 20 Feb. 2019, R.L. Oliveira (UFRN- subtomentose, evanescent, greyish yellow (1B3 and 1B4, Ko- Fungos 3115); ibid., 20 Feb. 2019, R.L. Oliveira (UFRN-Fungos 3116). rnerup & Wanscher 1978), at the base with sand encrusted at maturity. Mesoperidium papery, dark brown, greyish brown to Notes — Calvatia brasiliensis is a typical species of sect. violet brown (9F4, 9F6, 10E3, 10E4) at maturity. Endoperidium Hippoperdon (Kreisel 1992). Based on morphological and papyraceous in the outer surface and tomentose in the surface molecular characters, it is close to some other Calvatia spe- inner, fragile and dark brown to violet brown (6F4, 10F4, 10F5). cies, such as Calvatia cyathiformis, C. lilacina, C. fragilis and Rhizomorphs brown (7E4) densely encrusted with sand. Sub C. caatinguensis. Calvatia cyathiformis has a cellular and well- gleba reduced, compact, occupying a third of the basidioma, developed subgleba, gleba powdery, verrucose to echinate when mature greyish yellow (4B3). Gleba lanose, greyish brown basidiospores, and capillitium with short and branched hyphae to violet brown (10E3, 10E4, 10F5), at maturity. Exoperidium with numerous circular pits (Dissing & Lange 1962, Zeller & composed of hyphae measuring 3.2–6.4 µm diam, with regu- Smith 1964), characteristics not found in Calvatia brasiliensis. lar walls ≤ 1.0 µm thin, straight, septate and rarely branched, Calvatia fragilis has an extremely powdery and dark brown hyaline in 5 % KOH, and dextrinoid (low reaction). Mesoper gleba; reduced subgleba; Calvatia-type capillitium, with hy- idium pseudoparenchymatous composed of cells measuring phae with numerous small circular pits and numerous septa; 13–18.6 × 10.7–14.1 µm diam, with regular walls ≤ 0.56 thin, basidiospores smaller (4.0–5.5 μm) with finely equinulated to hyaline in 5 % KOH, and non-dextrinoid. Endoperidium with columnar ornamentation (Morgan 1890, Silveira 1943). Calvatia hyphae measuring 2.7–4.6 µm diam, with regular walls ≤ 0.8 lilacina has morphological characters close to C. brasiliensis; µm thin, straight, branched, non-septate, brown in 5 % KOH, but C. lilacina shows a distinct colour band at the apex of the and non-dextrinoid; in the apical portion, mycosclereids glo- well-developed cellular subgleba, and smaller spores (3–5 μm) bose, subglobose, pyriform, ovoid, ellipsoid or rectangular in (Bottomley 1948). Calvatia caatinguensis, a species recently shape, 13.5–42 µm × 7.4–15.7 µm diam, with regular walls ≤ described in Crous et al. (2018a) has similar morphological 0.9 µm thick, and straight. Hyphae of the rhizomorphs 2.1–3.5 characteristics to C. brasiliensis, such as a violaceous gleba, µm diam, regular walls, ≤ 0.7 µm thin, curved, branched, non- tomentose endoperidium, and when mature, marked incrusta- septate, hyaline in 5 % KOH, and dextrinoid. Subgleba with tions in basal exoperidium; however, C. caatinguensis has a hyphae measuring 2.5–3.8 µm diam, with regular walls ≤ 1.0 well-developed subgleba occupying two-thirds of the basidioma, µm thin, curved, branched, septate, hyaline in 5 % KOH, and and with a distinct colour band at the apex. Morphological and dextrinoid. Paracapillitium absent. Capillitium Lycoperdon-type, molecular data (ITS nrDNA) provide strong support for consi elastic, hyphae 2.3–4.1 µm diam with regular walls ≤ 1.02 µm dering C. brasiliensis as a good and new species. thin, straight, frequently branched, septate, with small and numerous circular pits, hyaline in 5 % KOH, dextrinoid (low reaction). Basidiospores globose to subglobose, equinulated, 5.8–6.6 × 5.2–6.5 µm (av. = 6.1 ± 0.3 × 5.9 ± 0.3; Qm (medium coefficient) = 1.04; n (measurement numbers) = 20), pedicels present in some spores, ≤ 0.89 µm, brown in 5 % KOH, non- dextrinoid and acyanophilic. Habit & Habitat — Basidiomata growing solitary or in pairs on moist soil.

Supplementary material Colour illustrations. Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte, João Câmara, Serra do FP913 ITS nrDNA phylogenetic tree obtained with MrBayes v. 3.1.2 (Huel Torreão, where the specimens were collected. From bottom to top: immature senbeck & Ronquist 2001) under T92+G model for 5 M generations. The basidiome in situ (UFRN-Fungos 3116); longitudinal section through mature new species is marked with a rectangle. The posterior probabilities greater basidiome (UFRN-Fungos 3039); mature basidiome in situ (UFRN-Fungos than 0.9 are indicated on the branches. Bovista paludosa was included as 3115); basidiospores under SEM (UFRN-Fungos 3039); capillitium under SEM outgroup. Figtree v. 1.42 and Adobe Illustrator CS5 software were used to (UFRN-Fungos 3039). Scale bars = 10 mm (others), 1 μm (SEM images). edit the ﬁnal tree.

Renan de L. Oliveira, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected] Renato J. Ferreira, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected] Bianca D.B. Silva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, 40170115 Ondina, Salvador, BA, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected] María P. Martín, Real Jardín Botánico RJB-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] Iuri G. Baseia, Departamento Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072–970 Natal, RN, Brazil; e-mail: [email protected]