PoS(MQW6)043 in of as and w y RXTE that spectra, ariability to v the gy gy detected prototypical http://pos.sissa.it/ 1915+105 not with binar collimation the density analyze. similar strong as to on the is w GRS wer High-Ener High-Ener the relativistic made to w po of ficult no for for viour Italy hole 1992, , the of dif presence Licence. k in In ate beha until its and Center Center 1915+105 associated ut ery analysis Mer b v lac and and aster band, f b scales. GRS general been disco timing its dam dam has Netherlands its radio I-23807, time systems, much on the Binary that the 46, The The 1s) are signature Amster Amster in Since < hi feature ( ution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike in of of dam, dam, yond transient Attrib suggest this y Be Bianc sity sity short visible As E. Black-Hole concentrated man on and Amster Amster jets e Commons ia , , s e connection. results timing V the in v Univer Univer W SJ SJ , state-transitions eness. of Creati this v vistic Our its seen oek", oek", the ariability the oquasar ariability ut of is v elusi b relati ations v NL-1098 NL-1098 terms its annek annek Micr Explorer). source. Italy P P the Observatory to which 403, 403, strengthens observ under “A. “A. binaries, due aperiodic iming Como, vents T peculiar orkshop: its feature 2006 e superluminal X-ray author(s) source a onomical W ∗ a Casella on the of Institute Institute Kruislaan Kruislaan jet by X-ray Astr . Casino, 18-22 black-hole Belloni 1915+105 er a 1915+105: gio aperiodic present wned found er o [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Soleri del oquasar e Speak GRS other emission galactic W (Rossi we considered focusing gior ∗ onomical ophysics, onomical ophysics, Micr ast AF-Br Copyright aolo omaso c ejection GRS

Astr P F E-mail: T IN Società September Astr E-mail: Pier Astr E-mail: VI Astr PoS(MQW6)043 e e y to as as v v the the the the be- this and dif- w flux sys- gi cen- than ha GRS XTE mHz ed state, Soleri state) man LFQ- quiet) ]) In to HIMS w In Q galactc w sources sources of of ejection [8 fe with in of from that transient fe e e aolo Hardness- coherence connected of associated a X-ray as in P and description Candidates a first observ ed see ariable classified loud) reaching (radio is , these v curv curv transitions types 1915+105 it er turn the be a high pattern. quiescent hard LFQPOs of seen v therein). from the Hole X-ray been a is in ]); observ ne number identified intermediate identified X-ray all (radio light can the It LFQPOs), to light the detailed [4 a GRS an main with properties ariability HID has been three are in a and be interpreted v to to ]). transitions,which in spectral the the e of the in Black hard been Hard [6 them, (see ]), ranging the not has of States, in to of e can QPO. to X-ray ], HIMS with QPO system Three v references seen BHCs ut state ([14 b spectral viour ha ([5 the that QPO addition all this are ast ariability terms correlate and radio (called f fractional transitions transient v square-lik ascribe names loud) jets in paper systems The between type-B ] beha described and etc.) in type-B to (in a TCH of jets to of identified [4 w This ]) A the associated wer therein). from the frequencies no fe of (from lo states [2 radio almost Intermediate QPO is QPO. ered (radio ed , in (see T/W v y states spectral with in pattern These transitions than A with the complete fractional (see number the vistc type-B. possible transitions QPO intensity in candidates A seen the originally disco 1915+105 observ J1859+226, type-B ge is jets. ejection, these seen non-standard the references bright the spectrum high it e. transient of as relati lar sources and GRAN 2 frequenc from time jet a the to spectral hole w been GRS a e, confused for coherent that were XTE intermediate The and v type-C the radio QPO the its curv , branches/areas BHCs. of described main (LFQPOs) ] es eral be ast and and has f v terms rate, less abo the ely LFQPOs all see as to black The spectra se [11 vents: v our w with e mak light in centroid vistic to to 339-4, F vity other all ], in transition and ferent in gy QPO ariability classes. RXTE (not w v count in suggested en during SIMS), introduced er ]). [9]). superluminal acti dif common [17 GX v relati spends 1992 C no ]) ener electromagnetic [9 outlined a X-ray respecti ], ed gi source seen to the ejection with in of Oscillations [3 ], [1 is constant (see is feature radio weak and that -C type-B the the the those radio spectral ], State, transition identified [1 1915+105 , are this It Until ∼ ery B ariability present of with Its to ered in to of v observ ([8 v (see a of v and the The ’70s see A, ]). as apparently and GRS J1550-564, source w elativistic e to -B are r ([7 disco broader ]) the v state. a spectral bands common disco correspond 10). recently collimation dozen classification of similar is ha a of authors (HID, importance [16 plasma. e as states, a ∼ to XTE ariations the the QPO to v intermediate properties eral correlated transition w Quasi-Periodic associated are and ], e since conditions M v altough and ype-A, are state been that y y features ed T w/hard H se than vistc e The basic ely ]), Some much Soft ([18 lo as associated found v v Hz its the W in signatur quiescence QPO [4 SIMS resolv present diagram timing F phenomenology ha BHCs of oduction / of QPOs; ork the and observ to more spectral three and the ν 1915+105, emission we w dubbed frequenc been the positi 1915+105 (see xt Systematic viour to rich to ]). timing type-C. or = could e Intr ultrarelati tens w-frequenc type-A the v Q (BHCs) oscillation The 1. intensity to of tems we GRS rise SIMS (GRS ha the source to The ([13 frame LS interpreted tween beha type-C HIMS, from been date. Here POs, Lo 1915+105. J1550-564 to galactic HIMS conte ferent and ( troid PoS(MQW6)043 a or all eV the the F this The The k from each 1997 Soleri small ratios to corre- in HHID for 2. ed. y for adding on 5-13 and ation aolo the eraged that , the P Fig. ut v b a 22 of eV in 3-dimensional observ k detectable. hardness seconds submitted. observ we spectra found o 2 (according addition, are gion be 2-5 e tw β because as re In and W to panel: w the created become transition, es) and the and September states density in op path projections T µ size also curv ations. e wer could Casella, from 1996 single range bin W gular here. second. (PDS) po a spectral 1 re gy light background. classes the observ a class, obs. #1 class, obs. #5 is sec. for signal of β µ the ener Belloni, ws three the Starting between eraged size the xamined 128 o-dimensional v e eV)); / eV spectrum all a the k 1 k follo tw Bin ws. ariability detected for we of v Soleri, xamples subtract 1915+105 the 09. e arro (2-5 classes be 2-13 to / o collected see density among not by 3 source transition, by path, Sep GRS tw diagram. the not eV) wn k did ed wer the in for 1996 this ations resolution same diagrams) po ariability sho ould we 1 es vents: v source a analysis e in preparation. mark w belonging is o the the where transitions from (13-38 in time is the tw curv to observ Fig. data a rates, is ast gions QPO f the both ations ation ejection the re HR2 see light wing diagram analysis with of for source count all diagram, results es [2], accumulated follo eV); type-B observ of observ the ty ferent side k data frequent in the high HHID we curv ranges RXTE/PCA nsi dif elativistic by the r produced corresponding e 300), te al, the to 3D panel: and gy v of chose and (2-13 (right light fi ∼ when ast, e / we e ( wed f of en s-in data v ener eV W als interv k description eV) presented of Gi HR2 follo bottom k eV ation ations analysis being 17. points k v signatur es. time 2-13 xample 17; interv analyzed e of path 1: e to (5-13 data detailed curv number e observ highest corresponding Dec An W 13-38 a timing Results Obser the ge gular or re number these (HR1 with 2-second each 3. spond transitions and F lar hardness-hardnes classification PDS The 1997 Figur of 2. December PoS(MQW6)043 is in the and (see it ana- long Soleri (from in ations xt higher harder y) indicate te one diagram. Q are is analyzed present (Orange) table described aolo the ws path 1 P the for not observ the As rms on this in gions: actor there Arro is f frequenc re gion 1 β re from source from These (HHID) to ations. band. gion . 1: the 5 class quality QPOs QPOs QPOs QPOs QPOs β discussed . fractional gy Re centroid in of in concentrate ab hardness-intensity identified No No No No No Its T observ ener and diagram . gions not 2 and that in the µ ations. re eV gions y 3 correspond higher k do all re independently panels: ferent the gion 4 B B B QPOs QPOs in gions being we for dif re to one. observ 2-13 3. side classes 2 figure which No No PDS, as for frequenc the in > ards viour 1), Since the is in w right separated B B B B B Q ference 3 macro-re to Figure e of a beha C, C, C, C, C, v 1915+105 Fig. dif rate gions treated considered of correspond fi ariability to v of HHID. Re 4 be ving all these to 2 C C C C C GRS only to diagram; viours Hz count mo of the classification for increasing spectra can hardness-hardness-intensity panels 2 C C C panel the in the - - - ∼ Numbers beha vents: the -color e gion - - top y 1 viour gions §2, peak, of re a density classes in central correspond the e belonging erage color HHID, Bump Bump Bump o beha v amplitude ement. (Green) v fi in v a see wer tw 2 and ejection e ◦ frequenc macro-re and found mo rms v po the PDS N we viours fi e ations left , es v be in panels: gion projections 1 these the stretch re same the beha 1 2 3 4 5 ation can curv erage side of e elativistic v observ in r gion centroid v the repetiti a identify detail fractional fi re a of detected 3. Left smooth wn part light e to in colors in the use and purposes Observ for and sho from the (the types 2 2 These can our o-dimensional # gular ation. w are < for als considered similar hardest signatur T re we for possible QPO describe describe Q 2: that e is we the ery ation. w decreasing a starting ations 1: observ als, that e v interv it W 3). to timing no source e 1. §2, v e ay able hard clear observ HHID T Figur The observ w and interv Fig. in the W Definitions ha lyzed PoS(MQW6)043 is to to ith are and ari- side , W v Soleri rate central #5 used rms At centroid Right aolo band. P ation count Hz. gy properties the gion. diagrams; 15 Its ener re observ Lorentzians fractional ∼ §2, increasing eV for in the in of k -color each y to trend: lines 5-13 appears. color found diagram dependence; the this be decreases peak in frequenc gy panel: a can and continuous gion ener to side y re corresponding ratios continues with the additional same Left 1 2 3 4 5 in points an peak the 1915+105 frequenc QPOs, the hardness the gions. 5 in points , GRS with re corresponding 3 for gions, e , the v re type-B 4 hardness-hardness-intensity fi rms indicate fit vents: gion e the the re to increases gion vious of through of re Definitions circles pre eV); ards used still k w fractional ejection in each to eraged ed v 2 for peak a Colored projections (13-38 diagrams. the gion approaching elativistic Lorentzians observ , r re decreasing 3 spectra spectra band band. of the e gy and what when gion plot y within re density density ener o-dimensional hardest we with w signatur T eV wer ving QPOs. wer the k hardness-intensity po 3: po lines in frequenc disappear ance within mo e timing 2-13 3. 2. type-C Figur The panels: dashed typical the panels: fit PoS(MQW6)043 y is to or gy Its eV for are the the F k This . three peak spec- Soleri y of QPOs of ener type-C source type-C ariable fit. peak 2-5 data for helps v o detected repeated changing for y as wer QPOs aolo frequenc the tw gion QPO. P the a we the po second band less re panel: the of Hz actory olution frequenc the on second 13-38 keV of limits v gy all to e ype-C 15 frequenc T band, analyzed, of type-B Right small much that satisf this ener contain that to zones . a due eraging a a upper as v time one to their in up σ centroid A centered 4 rms only ws in bands 3 of 2 the , panel: vident its 14-35). ferent 4 e ∼ figures obtain sho where, gy and peak amplitude of dif is peak. only similar it cluster Left to 3 a The It to gion about ener is indicate from 1) e: function rms re fractional v ). channels other ws as 4 to gions QPOs its alue type-B. abo three table v re detected detections the Arro of (PCA Fig. in ranging as to symbols. ations independent (see components for el. 5-13 keV w ype-B y QPO-types fractional v eV T information frequencies. k le (see symbols o ed each 1915+105 obtained boundary rms open the described observ tw QPO amplitude ations 6 for the detected 5-13 of and open GRS all , QPO frequenc y the observ y with to rms detailed in correspond QPO centroid Lorentzian of diagrams. of plot y band observ y confidence o o peak Its fractional that vents: QPOs, the dependence. A an e σ tw tw gy trend. close a the QPOs significant QPOs . as 1 e the types a of these frequenc gy centroid v frequenc a w of at the o ener w of and in ha need frequenc type-C tw all presence of ener Hz belo same points ejection detected. with detected. those ation in type-B follo we not Hz) detected to not the 36-103). the is panel: the centroid 4–7 6 are viours ated ut same 2-5 keV erage do the FWHM estimated v is b peak v from indicate to Hz a only observ QPO, errors of QPOs 7 the 4 beha we are relate their with elativistic and the r moti Central QPOs the symbols, channels ge between ut one some of rms of to b and ferent bars can be lar with no e in symbols peak 6 , , (from type-C ferent for , plot type-C dif 3 5 4 ∼ (PCA filled we y 0-13). If dif will dependence refer Error the centroid the with we 3 eV HHID to Filled edly function k gion gion of gion to signatur gy while . Fractional with corresponding a re will re re y the discriminate 4: e bands. fixing as figure mark visible. frequenc ener tra between of in in points only channels and points, e in 13-38 W timing gy fit 4. 5. detections. The band (PCA QPOs Figur The QPO peaks clearly the ener correspond diagrams, indicated identification all frequenc these path From PoS(MQW6)043 in e, in as of ery we v the the the Fig AB w Red with from QPO ], radio Soleri Ev in CT abo [2 the identify (see HHID nor the ariability when states sec. QPO in aolo type-C, 1915+105 v correspon- P we presence the gions type-B and in and ast the class re point a in f the 0.125 GRS that transitions consider of type-B is by mentioned spectral in this oscillations with Red) a X-ray presented gions we ferent BTC. As size re appears peaks of dif . the ariability QPO state and correlate v spectral which AB clarify Bin to . detection T to 5 see together them ferent 5. to not viour ransition, type-B # dif of AB type-B first us we (T characterized gion B-state between beha to 5 selected the CT all classification re between = could the the ation type-B are = e help in the is of non-detection Fig. W associated the state Blue A-state source can Blue in corresponding the observ class BHCs: ; 1). with This 3 e the 4 . the β precisely the correspond association for sequences: detected ab to 1915+105 w parts T detection curv of gion the detected A-state, systems, and QPO. e using re neither Figure 7 and = v kno band) µ colors w state therefore GRS = Our 3 we (see wn If, light in fe radio-loud gy where ]. not B-state that in kno w), e [1 type-B the Fig. wing ations ferent Purple ener vents: do alone w used Purple in ations the vie e In of other , Dif curv and 3 re well eV follo we kno k representati analysis. out all a is e observ gion from ut e al detected colors the gion observ type-B light b W C-state, re this for ejection e re e lik (2-13 type-C = v A v ] = (Purple). the e seconds. fi hardness. for es [7 pointed been ha interv same 2 v 1 Red curv the 1915+105 we ; on Green has transition the and (Purple) when. 2 diagram. beha elativistic RXTE/PCA all ] A-state transitions r gion light detected e alreday spectral re In of v GRS and state, [12 with gion that QPO QPO-types: the fi as e eraged fourth re the In ], v points: 300-second also in in spectral a (T) = o a or the spectral is [15 is of we ferent tw 1915+105 happen in type-B colored consider signatur rate 300-second identifications SIMS. dif Green a analyzed (see 1915+105. chose point o position 5: them are to e not 3: interesting, source dence GRS e the ransition e tw W T frequent of e timing W count type-B do vity date, Conclusions 1. a GRS o o 5). we and mak 4. transitions The Figure Figur as with source HHID colored in tw the T the HIMS acti strenghtens rather PoS(MQW6)043 , , k in 92 ]. we we , and Klis, with ]. other with- Soleri If Blac its so jets RXTE also B-state Systems der in , ed ApJS the and transition set , vity aolo Guziy, an ar and the P a of v 426 during S. Hole binary acti in k data v, M. -Infr present. associated ay o Miller, from radio ut (1992). emission. A&A SIMS b as (2002) 339-4 Blac our “signature” and X-r , radio M. 1915+105 are Oscillations w 2–+ model-independent J. jets the ent GX , this gan, v A hole Multiwavelength eting quasi-periodic e from GRS e k weak astro-ph/0001103 Shlyapnik elescope ]. QPO and v [ win, transition ations 5590 T astro-ph/0504318 745–764 Mor to radio [ Accr A. ha , Le blac ansient J1859+226 the H. in aradijs, tr A. ations G. ansient 331 we Belloni, P equency for Ryle and Circ. E. of (2000) HIMS . tr observ v, type-B X-Ray-Optical/Near H. T XTE Quasi-periodic (2005) an U . oscillation v ay of yae the ]. IA the W k-hole low-fr J. observ and , model associated an X-r class ]. Coupling Sun MNRAS the blac Migliari, 271–290 in β the and et emission, , the ely , equency A. ]. atterns 403–407 while of r v S. transitions candidate P , the of of jet unified between Nespoli, R. not 355 simultaneous that h Nespoli, y Klis, 1915+105 of a wo 1915+105 v, 629 Disc-J astro-ph/0504577 E. so hole T study [ correspondence an E. positi viour Low-F ds 8 k der 101 watc A radio the in Belloni, GRS 1915+105 of A&A 5), ApJ GRS . are spectral found an Klis, , by , T beha v blac owar Lapsho passages operties y and T 339-4: (2005) ]. also y, Bailyn, GRS I. ces der ABC pr Stella, M. Fig. analyze the vents: the ast Lund, e in astro-ph/0501349 f D. GX an ations QPO, L. radio [ of in v signature The Sour compared not N. Poole of Gallo, as C. astro-ph/0409360 Lund, [ Z 1915+105 ]) timing f, st M. and 207–222 appears E. G. the source. astro-ph/0406483 , and N. 1915+105 did of ur observations Méndez, [ observ [10 curves (2005) ejection the as G. Stella, type-B with y emission GRS jet and µ 440 M. of (2004) L. and of see identify 1915+105: GRS Outb Mark the 1915+105 ]. light gies Homan, Casella, type-B state. , adio QPO olt, (2004) . Brandt, Brandt, S. r and J. P ay can very while Fender, A&A S. S. 295–306 2002 . GRS , Belloni, The GRS , elativistic galactic between P hard Analo X-r and r (2002, volution st we astro-ph/0407262 Belloni, e (Blue-Red-Green a [ the of . M. R. of ur Disco 624 type-B variability 1105–1118 al. . the T Klein-W Buxton, e irado, irado, of to [3]). 317–364 , Belloni, Belloni, T Homan, Unluckily o, that The , et . . in states olt, ], the outb J. M. the T T M. and ApJ directly 42 355 (2004) (1994). , soft ay ations olt of AB ([8 C-state oscillations vlenk a T a signatur X-r association Candidates: prototypical Fender, Castro-T Castro-T P erify the . d . Méndez, Klein-W v J. J. Fender P P AB Belloni, Belloni, Casella, Casella, Homan, radio observ ences . . consider T the BHCs to from the . . astro-ph/0112044 Hole 2002/2003 587–600 analysis oscillations M. E. 469–472 ARA&A Observations [ Har MNRAS Behavior T T A. P P A. R. J. R. M. Klein-W not timing oscillations. 2. [1] [2] [5] [4] [3] [6] [7] [9] [8] X-ray The out strong can Refer [10] PoS(MQW6)043 ce Soleri , (1999) sour by 292 HZ (1998) (1994). aolo P X-ray UK: and Golombek, 3-12 Quasi-periodic Edited 46–+ L33–L36 possible D. , , ank, the the L9–L12 stellar A MNRAS , ISBN , , of Sw 371 526 Series, DOI: -4 J. 330 (2002) sources. Cambridge, Auriere, ApJ Aquila: , Compact 39. acterizing M. in A&A , Behavior 1915+105 , X-ray 2006. g No. 962–973 Robinson, Char , GRS Claret, R. ansient April stellar J1550-564 157–213, 0-521-82659-4, 564 tr A. C. om Series, 978-0-521-82659 the fr 1915+105 pp. ay Phase-La 213, , XTE in x - aul, ApJ (1994). ISBN , X-r P of ce Cambridge Marti, GRS ISBN d McClintock, Compact J. -4, 157 J. in E. 1915+105 har p. emission Sour binaries State Comple Klis. J. Press, Astrophysics 9 the L17–L20 yssier, 2006. GRS , e der adio J1550-564 The 39–112, hole and of r High 2006, T k an 4, 282 ersity formation v R. pp. Rodriguez, April ery v XTE , Klis, . 59 V ]. vents: Blac F jet e Muno, va Uni . der Superluminal Cambridge 112, the L. variable 978-0-521-82659 P A&A No - , and A an Michiel counterpart v M. sts The 39 ariability Klis. Rodriguez, V ejection ed ur ISBN win p. M. Chaty, during b X-Ray Remillard, ar A. ay der Le S. . Cambridge ay ]. ]. ]. A. P and the an X-r Fender, Press, v 2006, Rodriguez, Sobczak, an, 10.2277/0521826 . instabilities R. of . alter P w UK: 4, J. F elativistic Duc, W adio/infr r R. 59 r and L. G. Rapid ersity Dha etion DOI: gamma-r A. by Homan, Oscillations of v astro-ph/9708171 . . [ Michiel e V P J. and The and soft y Behavior Uni Accr Klis, win Edited eriodic Cambridge, der Le (1997) Marti, Poole Remillard, signatur ijnands, McClintock an Mirabel Mirabel, Mirabel, 39. J. v epeated . . . G. W A. Geballe, r E. alter F F F . astro-ph/9909515 astro-ph/0105508 astro-ph/9711097 [ Quasi-P Cambridge 10.2277/0521826 Oscillation [ 925–+ W of and [ T No. sources. 0-521-82659-4, R. G. R. I. M. I. I. J. timing [18] [15] [16] [14] [17] [12] [13] The [11]