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An Analysis of Professional Baseball in New Orleans, Louisiana

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An Analysis of Professional Baseball in New Orleans, Louisiana University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) 2005 Baseball in The Big Easy: An Analysis of Professional Baseball in New Orleans, Louisiana Christopher Emile Kieffer Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Recommended Citation Kieffer, Christopher Emile, "Baseball in The Big Easy: An Analysis of Professional Baseball in New Orleans, Louisiana" (2005). Honors Theses. 2044. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/2044 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BASEBALL IN THE BIG EASY: ANALYZING COMMUNITY THROUGH THE LENS OF SPORT by Chris Emile KiefFer A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of die Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College Oxford February 2005 Approved by icOlUJU ^ Advisor: Professor John Winkle Reader: Professor Charles Ross ©2005 Chris Emile Kieffer ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11 This thesis is dedicated to my Lord and Savoir, inspiration and motivation, strength and guide Jesus Christ and to the residents of the citizens of New Orleans who suffered much in the months from Hurricane Katrina. Ill ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Of course I couldn’t even pretend that a project such as this v^as completed alone and there are so many who need to be thanked. First off, I must acknowledge my Lord and my God who gave me the strength and the inspiration to see the project through and gave me the endurance through one long February weekend. Then there was my other guiding force throughout the project, my ad\dsor Dr. John Winkle who was a mentor and a friend. From the long talks in his office to just determine a topic to the discussions of matters beyond my thesis to providing direction for my work to encouraging me when I didn’t see any possibility of meeting my deadline to showing up at my defense despite his flu. Dr. Winkle’s direction has meant so much. 1 must thank all of those who physically helped me in gathering so much information. Pete Barrouquere discussed the project with me at length, gave me countless contact information and provided me with books and tapes. New Orleans baseball historians Arthur Schott and Derby Gisclair went out of their way to help me, check up on me and send me any information they had on hand. Mr. Schott, George Strickland, Lenny Yochim, Mel Brookey all invited me into their homes and Dick Hyland, Tim Grubbs, Marc Allen and Ken Trahan went out of their way to meet me for interviews. The staff at the New Orleans and Jefferson Parish Public libraries also did much in guiding me to the information I sought. 1 want to thank my family—Mom, Dad, Patrick and Rebecca—and friends for supporting me during the project and helping me in any way they could. My entire family was present at my defense and that meant more to me than I can ever say. They were also there just to talk to when 1 needed to de-stress after long hours. Thanks Mom for making several trips to the library and Matt for spending several hours the night before my defense helping my get photos scanned in. Thanks Adam and Stephen for helping me through that last weekend. Thanks to all of my fiiends who supported me by showing up at my defense. I want to extend a special thanks to Deanna. Besides storing research in her dorm for months and spending hours helping me make photocopies, she supported me much more than any guy could ever expect from his girlfiiend. She put up with me when I was stressed and busy and went out of her way to comfort, support and inspire me when I was down. She patiently stood by me while raising me up. Thanks so much. Thanks to my readers Dr. Charles Ross and Mr. Brad Schultz for their help and support. Thanks to Dr. Ross for helping me during his busiest month of the year and to Mr. Schultz for coming to my defense despite his battle with the flu. Thanks too to Dr. Doug Sullivan-Gonzalez, Dr. Debra Young, Dr. John Samonds and the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College for their enthusiasm and support. NOTE: A couple of months after this project was completed, but before this version was printed, Hurricane Katrina devastated the New Orleans area, including many ofthe individuals who were so kind to me in the undertaking ofthis project. I want to be sure to reach out to them and their families in all of their sufferings. IV ABSTRACT CHRISTOPHER EMILE KIEFFER: Baseball in the Big Easy, An analysis of professional baseball in New Orleans, Louisiana (Under the direction of John Winkle) This paper is an analysis of the relationship between a community and a cultural activity. In this particular case it is about the relationship between New Orleans, Louisiana and its professional baseball teams, the minor league New Orleans Pelicans and New Orleans Zephyrs. The work examines how one can see the changes in the city during the twentieth century by examining the changes that surrounded its baseball teams. It shows that through the lens of baseball, one can examine the evolution of a community. The heart of the thesis is 17 first-hand interview accounts with several former players, fans and the managers, broadcasters, ifont office personnel, newspaper beat writers and baseball historians. Information was also gathered from several books, Web sites, videos, newspaper accounts and magazine studies. Information from the United States Census Bureau was also analyzed. During the early 1900s baseball was an important neighborhood in a city where neighbors NOTE: In the time between this project being completed and this version being printed, Hurricane Katrina devastated the New Orleans area and significantly changed the present-day landscape ofNew Orleans, Louisiana and thus several ofthe fi ndings. Much additional research would need to be update the writings about present andfuture New Orleans. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: Introduction, Professional baseball in the Big Easy 1 CHAPTER 2: 1887-1957, The neighborhood team 17 CHAPTER 3: 1958-1993, The search for an identity 45 CHAPTER 4: 1993-2004, Total family entertainment 78 CHAPTER 5: Conclusion, Entertainment as a measure of commimity 109 LIST OF REFERENCES 123 Vll CHAPTER 1 Introduction: Professional baseball in the Big Easy 1 The locations echo the change. On the comer of Tulane and Carrolton Avenues in New Orleans, the hum of the crowd, the shouts of the salesmen and the crack of the bat no longer linger. Neither do the aromas of the old wooden bleachers, the roasted peanuts or the mowed grass. At the location of old Heinemann Stadium (known as Pelican Stadium after 1938) where the New Orleans Pelicans baseball team played from 1915- 1957, the sounds have been replaced by the hum and rattle of passing cars and the smells by the odor of the expelled exhaust of cars and trucks at a busy city intersection. Meanwhile, on a plot of land along Airline Highway—the former 20-acre La Salle Tract that wasn’t developed until Zephyr Field opened in 1997—the New Orleans Zephyrs play triple-A baseball from April until early September. And it’s a whole new ballgame. Unlike the Pelicans, who inhabited New Orleans from 1887 until 1959 and again in 1977, the Zephyrs, who arrived in 1993, have a marketing department focused not on baseball but on total family entertainment. The topic This paper examines how professional baseball in New Orleans, La., reflects its greater community. Over the years, both have undergone drastic changes that reflect the evolution of the city’s character, especially the changes that resulted from World War II, from a shift to the suburbs and fi-om the oil boom of the 1970s and bust of the 1980s. By looking at the how the staging, promotion and reception of professional baseball in New 2 Orleans has changed from 1887 to the present day, one can also follow the political, economical and cultural changes that have gripped the city since that time. This thesis looks at baseball as a microcosm of the community that is New Orleans. It is a study of baseball and society and how the two evolve and meld together and impact one another. The paper shows how the atmosphere has changed for Pelican and Zephyr games, how the demographics and psychographics have changed in New Orleans, how Pelican Stadium was characterized by strong neighborhood bonds, how the modem progress following World War II hurt the Pelican baseball franchise, how the revamped 1977 Pelican franchise struggled in a city that wanted to draw a Major League Baseball team and how the new Zephyr franchise has had to operate within a business and a city focused on entertainment. Through the lens of baseball—a popular local pastime—one can trace the evolution of New Orleans since 1887. The research The heart of the thesis is first-hand interview accounts. I conducted 17 interviews. 1 spoke with several former Pelican players and fans. I interviewed the man who managed the 1959 Pelicans and announced for the 1977 team. I talked to current and former members of the Zephyrs’ staff, a former Zephyr player from New Orleans, Zephyr fans and the radio announcer for the Zephyrs’ first eight years in New Orleans. I spoke with the man who has covered the 1977 Pelicans and every Zephyr season for the Times- Picayune newspaper.
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