VI

Abbreviations and Bibliography

[Abbreviations]

Abhik Abhidharmakosa of , (ed.) P. Pradhan, K. P. Jayaswal Research

Institute, Patna, 1967: (tr.) La Vallee Poussin, Paris and Louvain, 1923-31:

Abhidharmakosabhdsyam, 4 vols, translated by Leo M. Pruden from the French

Tr. (by La Vallee Poussin) and the , Asian Humanities Press, Berkeley,

California, 1988.

AbhiS Abhidhammatthasahgaha of , (ed.) T. W. Rhys Davids, PTS.,

London, 1884: (tr.) Compendium of Philosophy, Shwe Zan Aung and C. A. F.

Rhys Davids, Luzac, London, 1910; Reprint, London, 1956,

Acta Or Acta Orientalia

AN Anguttara-Nikaya, (ed.) R. Morris & E. Hardy, 5vols, PTS., London, 1885-

1900: (tr.) The Book of the Gradual Sayings (Anguttara-Nikaya), F. L.

Woodward and E. M. Hare, 5 vols. PTS Translation Series, Nos. 22, 24-27.

PTS., London, 1932-36.

Ap Apadana, 2 vols, (ed.) Mary E. Lilly, PTS. 1925; (ed.) J. Kashyap,

Publication Board, Bihar Government, Nalanda, 1959.

ApA Apadana , Hewavitarana Bequest, Colombo, 1930.

Asta Astasahasrikaprajnaparamita, (ed.) Ratilal Mitra, Calcutta, 1888; English Tr.

by Edward Conze, Calcutta, 1958. Vll

Av Avadana-sataka, (ed.) P. L. Vaidya, Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, No. 19. Mithila

Institute, Darbhanga, 1958.

Bb T^tUSS +%ap, Tr. by Buddhabhadra, Chapter 22 of the

Buddhavatamsaka-, A.D. 418-420, Nanjo 87.

BD Buddhist Dictionary: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines, ,

Colombo, 1987.

BDBSL The Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature, , London,

1932; Reprint, Motilal Banarsidass, 1978.

BED : Its Essence and Development, Edward Conze, Delhi, 1994.

BHSD Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary, Franklin Edgerton, Motilal

Banarsidass, Delhi, 1993.

Bo.bhu Bodhisattvabhumi, (ed.) Unrai Wogihara, Tokyo, 1936; Bodhisattvabhumi,

(ed.) N. Dutt, Tibetan Sanskrit Works Series, No. 7, K. P. Jayaswal Research

Institute, Patna, 1966.

Br +%?ili, Tr. by Bodhiruci, A.D. 508-511, Nanjo 1194.

BSI Buddhist Sects in India, N. Dutt, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1987.

BT Buddhism in Translations, Henry Clarke Warren, Harvard University Press,

USA 1986; Reprint, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1993.

BTB Buddha in Theravdda Buddhism, T. Endo, Systematic Printers, Dehiwala, (Sri-

Lanka), 1997.

BTR Buddhist Thought and Ritual, (ed.) D. J. Kalupahana, New York, 1991.

BTT The Buddhist Teaching of Totality; The Philosophy of Hwa Yen Buddhism, Vlll

Garma C. C. Chang, University Park and London, The Pennsylvania State

University Press, 1971.

Bv , (ed.) N. A. Jayawickrama, London, 1974: (tr.) Chronicle of

Buddhas, I. B. Homer, Sacred Books of the Buddhists, vol 58. Luzac, London,

1975.

BvA Buddhavamsa Atthakatha: MadhuratthavildsinI, (ed.) I. B. Homer, London,

1946.

BWJ Bombun Wayaku Juji-Kho (%^fOlf+%^), Shoshin Tatsuyama, Nagoya,

Japan, 1937.

CBN The Conception of Buddhist , Th. Stcherbatsky, edited by Jaideva Singh,

Delhi, 1968.

CCBM The Central Conception of Buddhism and the Meaning of the Word ,

Th. Stcherbatsky, The Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1923.

CCEB Cross Currents in , S.N. Dube, Delhi, 1980.

CCPB Causality, The Central Philosophy of Buddhism, Kalupahana, Honolulu, 1975.

CHI Cultural Heritage of India, 4vols. N. Dutt, pub. by the Ramakrishna Mission

Institute of Culture, Calcutta, 1937, 1953, etc. (Reprint, 1970).

Cp/CpA Criyopitaka, Atthakatha (Paramatthadfpam) (ed.) N. A.

Jayawickrama, London, 1974; Criyapitaka, (ed.) Bhikkhu J. Kashyap, Pali

Publisication Board, Bihar, 1959.

CPB Ihe Central Philosophy of Buddhism: A Study of Madhyamika System, T. R. V.

Murti, New Delhi, 1998. (Originally published in 1955.) IX

CpBC Cariyapitaka : Basket of Conduct, (tr.) I. B. Homer, London, 1975.

CPB-M The Central Philosophy of Buddhism: A Study of the Madhyamika System,

T.R.V. Murti, T^ ed. London, 1960.

CPD A Critical Pali Dictionary, 3vols. begun by V. Trenckner, continuing by D.

Anderson and H. Smith, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters,

Copenhagen, vol. 1:1924-48; vol. II,: 1960; vol. Ill: 1992-94.

CPED Concise Pali-English Dictionary, Mahathera, Colombo, 1968.

Da.bhu Dasabhumika-Sutra, (ed.) P. L. Vaidya, Buddhist Sanskrit Texts No.7,

Darbhanga, 1967.

Dabh-J Dasabhumika-Sutra, S. Tatsuyama, Translation from Sanskrit into Japanese,

Nagoya, 1938.

DAENV The Discourse on the All-Embracing Net of Views: The Brahmajala Sutta and

Its Commentaries, , BPS., Kandy, 1978.

Dbh.SS Dasabhumika-sutra; Seventh Stage, J. Rahder, Sanskrit Text, including

Translation of Vasubandhu's Commentary, Acta Orientalia, Vol. IV, 1925.

DCBT A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms, compiled by W.E. Soothill & L.

Hodous, London, 1937/1987 (Reprint).

Dhp Dhammpadam. (ed.) V. Fausboll, PTS., London, 1900; , (ed. &

tr.) Sankrtyayana Rahulbhadra, Maha Bodhi Sabha, Rsipatana, Samath, 1933.

Dhr W\^—^JiW^M, Tr. by Dharmaraksa, A.D. 294, Nanjo 110.

Dhs Dhammasahgani, (ed.) Edward Miiller, PTS., London, 1978; Dhammasahgani,

(ed.) P. V. Bapat, Poona, 1940. X

DN Digha Nikaya, (ed.) T.W. Rhys Davids, 3 vols. PTS., London, 1938/1949.

DPL A Dictionary of the Pali Lxmguage, Robert Caesar Childers, Cosmo Pub. New

Delhi, 1979.

DPPN Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, (ed.) G. P. Malalasekera, 2 vols., Moti/a/

Banarsidass, New Delhi, 1995.

EBP The Essentials of , J Takakusu, Delhi, 1975.

EOB Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, (ed.) G. P. Malalasekera, 5 vols., Colombo, 1961-

1988.

ERE Encyclopaedia of Religion and FAhics, (ed.) J. Hastings, 12 Vols., Edinburgh,

1908-1926.

FOS The Flower Ornament Scripture; A Translation of the Avatamsaka Siltra,

Shambhala, Boston & London, 1993.

Glo-Dbh Glossary of the Sanskrit, Tibetan, Mongolian and Chinese versions of the

DasahhUmika-sutra, J. Rahder, Paris, 1928.

Gvy Gandavyuha, (ed.) Suzuki and Idzuki, Kyoto, 1934-36; 2™* ed. photographically

reproduced with corrections, 1949; Gandavyuhasutram, (ed.) P. L. Vaidya,

Buddhist Sanskrit Text Series No. 20, The Mithila Institute, Darbhanga, 1959.

HBT The History of Buddhist nought, Edward J. Thomas, London, 1967.

HIB A History of Indian Buddhism, S. R. Goyal, Jodhpur, 1994.

HIL History of Indian Literature (English version; vol.1 & 2), by M. Wintemitz,

translated from the original German by Mrs. S. Ketkar, Oriental Books Reprint

Corporation, New Delhi: Reprint 1977.

Ho-Dbh Annoied Translation of the Dasabhumika Sutra, by Megumu Honda, XI

(Yoshihama, Japan), revised by Prof. Dr. Johannes Rahder, (New Haven, Conn.

U.S.A.), in the Sata-Pitaka Series, vol. 74. New Delhi, 1968.

HOIB History of Indian Buddhism (from the Origins to the Saka Era), Etienne

Lamotte, (translated from the French by Sara Webb-Boin under the supervision

of Jean Dantinne), Institut Orientaliste, Louvain-La-Neuve, 1988.

HPL A History of , B. C. Law, vol. I. & II. Delhi, Reprint, 1974.

HYB Hua-Yun Buddhism: The jewel Net oflndra, H. Francis Cook, University Park,

Philadelphia: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1977.

HYT Hwa-Yen Thought, in the Lectures on the Mahaydna BucUhism (M&. ~X^^

if). Vol. no. 3, Tokyo, Bg^P 58.

IB Indian Buddhism. A Survey with Bibliographical Notes, Nakamura Hajime,

Buddhist Tradition Series, Delhi, 1987.

IBP An Introduction to Buddhist Philosophy: Vijndnavada and Madhyamika, T.R.

Sharma, Delhi, 1994.

Iti Itivuttaka, (ed.) E. Windisch, PTS, London, 1889/1975: (tr.) Itivuttaka: As It

Was Said, F. L. Woodward, Sacred Books of the Buddhist, vol. 8. Oxford

University Press, London, 1948.

Ja Jdtaka, 5 vols. ed. V. FausboU, PTS, London, 1891: (tr.) Jatakas or Stories of

the Buddha's Former Births, edited by E. B. Cowell & translated by various

scholars, Cambridge 1895-1907; Reprint, PTS., London, 1957/1981.

JHSSUK Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Kelaniya, 1983.

JPTS Journal of the , London. xn

Khp.tr 'Minor Readings & Illustrator', Translation of Khp. & Com. by Nanamoli

Thera, PTS. Translation Series, 1915.

Kj +ftM, Tr. by Kumarajiva-Buddhayasas, A.D. 384-417, Nanjo 105.

Ko-Dbh Dasabhumisvaro ndma Mahayanasutram, edited by R. Kondo, Tokyo, 1936.

Lank Lahkavatdra-Sutra, (ed.) B. Nanjio, Otani University Press, Tokyo, 1923.

Lai Lalitavistara, (ed.) Lefinanu, Halle, 1902; Lalita-vistara, (ed.) PL. Vaidya,

Buddhist Sanskrit Text Series No.l. Mithila Insititute, Darbhanga, 1958.

MB Mahdydna Buddhism, (Aspects of Mahdydna Buddhism and its Relations to

Hlnaydnd), N. Dutt, London, 1930.

Minp Milindapanha, (ed.) Swami Dwarikadas Shastri, Bauddhabharati, Varanasi,

1990: (tr.) Ihe Questions of King Milinda, T. W. Rhys Davids, SBE., No. 35-6.

Orig. pub. 1890-94; Reprint, Delhi, 1969.

MN Majjhima Nikdya, (ed.) V. Trenckner and R. Charlmers, 3 vols. PTS., London,

1887-1901: (tr.) Middle Length Sayings, 3 vols. I. B. Homer, PTS., London,

1954-59/1976.

M.S.AI Mahaydna-sutrdlahkdra, (ed.) S. Levi, Paris, 1907/1911: Mahdydna-

sutrdlahkdra by , Sanskrit Text and translated into English by Dr.

Surekha Vijay Limaye, Sri Satguru Pub. Delhi, 1992.

Mtu Mahdvastu, (ed.) Senart, 3 vols. Paris, 1882-1897: (tr.) The Mahdvastu, J. J.

Jones, 3 vols. Secred Books of the Buddhists, Nos. 16, 18-19. PTS., London,

1949-56.

Mvy Mahdvyutpatti, (ed.) Sakaki, Ryozaburo, Kyoto University, Dept. of Literature,

Pub. No. 3. Kyoto, 1916; Mahdvyutpatti, (ed.) 1. P. Minaev, Bibliotheca Indo- Xlll

Buddhica Series No.98. Sri Satguru Pub. Delhi, 1992.

Nanjio A Catalogue of the Chinese Translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka, Compiled by

Bunyu Nanjio, Oxford, 1883: Daimin sanzo shogyo mokuroku (^^B^EH^MI^

Nett Nettipakarana, (ed.) E. Hardy, PTS. 1902: (tr.) The Guide, Bhikkhu Nanamoli,

PTS Translation Series, No. 33. London, 1962.

NFV Ndrada Felicitation Volume, (ed.) Piyadassi Thera, BPS., Colombo, 1979.

0MB Outline ofMahayana Buddhism, D. T. Suzuki, New York, 1963.

PEA The Paccekahuddha; A Buddhist Ascetic, Kloppenborg, Ria, Leiden, 1974.

FEE Perspectives on , (ed.) Mahesh Tiwary, Eastern Book Linkers,

Delhi, 1989.

PED The Pah Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary, (ed.) T.W. Rhys Davids &

William Stede. PTS., London, 1986.

PLL Pah Literature and Language, W. Geiger, 2"^ ed. Calcutta, 1956.

PMHYB Process Metaphysics and Hua-Yun Buddhism. A Critical Study of Cumulative

Penetration vs Interpenentration, Odin, Steve, Delhi, 1995.

PtsM Patisambhidamagga, 2 vols. PTS: (tr.) The Path of Discrimination, Nanamoli,

PTS Translation Series, No 43. London, 1982.

Fug.P Puggala-Pannatti, (ed.) R. Morris, PTS., London, 1972: (tr.) Designation of

Human Types, B. C. Law, PTS Translation Series, No. 12. Luzac, London,

1922/1969.

Ro-Dbh Dasabhumikasutra et Bodhisattvabhumi, (ed.) J. Rahder, Paris, 1926. XIV

SBLN The Sanskrit Buddhist Literature of Nepal, R. Mitra, Calcutta, 1982.

SED Sanskrit English Dictionary, (ed.) M. Monier Williams, Oxford, 1899.

SJBS Srilanka Journal of , vol. I. & II. Buddhist and Pali University

of Sri-Lanka, 1987, 1988.

SLS Studies in the Lahkavatdra Sutra, D.T. Suzuki, (Originally published in 1930),

New edition, New Delhi, 1998.

SMS The Skill in Means Sutra, Mark Tatz, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1994.

SN Samyuttanikaya, (ed.) L. Peer, 5 vols. PTS., London; Reprint, 1960: (tr.) The

Book of the Kindred Sayings, 5 vols. F.L. Woodward and Mrs. Rhys Davids.

PTS, London, 1917-30.

Sn Suttanipata, (ed.) D. Anderson and H. Smith, PTS., London, 1913; Suttanipata,

(ed.) P. V. Bapat, Delhi, Sri Satguru, 1990: (tr.) The Group of Discourses, K. R.

Norman, PTS Translation Series No. 44. London, 1984.

SOB Studies in the Origins of Buddhism, G. C. Pande, Allahabad, 1957.

SSGVS The Sublime Science of the Great Vehicle to Salvation: Uttaratantra, (tr.) E.

Obermiller, Acta Orientalia, vol. IX, 1931.

SaP Satasahasrika-PrajMparamita, (ed.) P. Ghosa, Bibliotheca Indica, Calcutta,

1902.

Sdh +tfelM, Tr. by Siladharma, Khotan, T'ang dynasty. Supplement to the Canon

ofKyotol,2&4.

Sn A+¥Si? +*pa, Tr. by Siksananda, Chapter 26 of the Buddhavatamsaka-

Sutra, AD. 695-699, Nanjo 88. XV

Taisho Taisho shinshu daisokyo, (:;'ciEfT{lf ic^fS), Taisho Edition of the Chinese

Tripitaka, 100 vols., (ed.) J. Takakusu and K. Watanabe, Tokyo, 1922-34.

TP A Treatise on the Paramis, Bhikkhu Bodhi, The Wheel Pub. No.409/411, EPS.,

Kandy, 1996.

Vibh Vibhahga, (ed.) C. A. F. Rhys Davids, PTS., London, 1978: (tr.) The Book of

Analysis, U. Thittila, PTS Translation Series, No.39. London, 1969.

Vin Vinayapitaka, (ed.) H. Oldemberg, 5 vols. PTS., London, 1879-1883: (tr.)

Vinaya Texts, T.W. Rhys Davids and Oldenberg, Hermann, 3 vols, SEE., No.

13, 17, 20. Orig. Pub., 1882-85; Reprint, Motilal Eanarsidass, 1975.

Vism of Buddhaghosdcariya, (ed.) Dharmananda Kosambi, Bharatiya

vidya bhavan, Bombay, 1940: (tr.) The Path of Purification, Bhikkhu Nanamoli,

EPS, Kandy, 1991.

Wheel The Wheel, Pub. by EPS. Kandy, Sri-Lanka.

YCYI On Yuan Chwang 's Travels in India, 2 vols. Thomas Watters, (edited by T. W.

Rhys Davids and S. W. Eushell), reprint, Munshi Ram Manohar Lai, 1961.

[Non-abbreviated Titles]

Abeynayake, Oliver, A Textual and Historical Analysis of the Khuddaka Nikaya, Colombo,

1984.

Akanuma, Chizen, The Comparative Catalogue of Chinese Agamas & Pali Nikayas, Delhi,

Sri Satguru Pub., 1990.

Ananda Guruge, Return to Righteousness, Department of Govemmem Printing, Colombo,

1965/1991. XVI

Aronson, Harvey B., Love and Sympathy in Buddhism, Motilal Banarsidass,

1994.

Bagchi, S. Mahdvastu Avaddna, (ed.) Buddhist Sanskrit Texts No. 14, Mithila Institute,

Darbhanga, 1970.

Bagchi, S., Mahaydna Sutrdlahkara, (ed.) Buddhist Sanskrit Texts No. 13, Mithila

Institute, Darbhanga, 1970.

Bapat, P. V. and Vadekar, R. D., Atthasdlini (Devanagari script), (ed.) Bhandarkar

Oriental Research Institute, Poona, 1942.

Bapat, P. v., 2,500 Years of Buddhism, (ed.) Delhi, 1959.

Bhikkhu Nanamoli, A Pali-English Glossary of Buddhist Technical Terms, (edited by

Bhikkhu Bodhi), BPS., Kandy, 1994.

Bhikkhu Nanananda, Concept and Reality, BPS., Kandy, 1986.

Bhikkhu T. Rahula, A Critical Study of the Mahdvastu, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1978.

Chang, Garma C. C.,A Treasury ofMahdydna , Translated from the Chinese by the

Buddhist Association of the United States, New York, 1983; Reprint, Motilal

Banarsidass, Delhi, 1991.

Chatterjee, Ashok Kumar, The Yogdcdra Idealism, Delhi, 1987.

Chatteijee, S. & Datta, D., An Introduction to Indian Philosophy, Univ. of Calcutta, 1954.

Conze, E., Buddhist Thought in India, Delhi, 1996.

Conze, E., The Large Sutra on Perfect Wisdom, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1990.

Conze, E., The Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines and its Verse Summary, Sri

Satguru Pub, Delhi, 1994. XVll

Cowell, E.B., Buddhist Texts, (ed.) F. Max Miiller, vol. 49. Oxford, SBE.;

Reprint, New York, 1969.

Cowell, E.B., The Jatakas or Stories of the Buddha's Former Births, (tr.) 6 vols. Reprint,

London and Boston, 1973.

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Edinburgh, T. Clark,'Bodhisattvd', ERE., vol. II, 1964.

Eitel, E. J, .4 Sanskrit-Chinese Dictionary, Delhi, 1981.

Eliade, Mircea, The Encyclopedia of Religion, (ed.) 4 vols. Macmillan Publishing Company,

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Eliot, C, Hinduism and Buddhism, London, 1921.

Francis, H. T. and Thomas, E. J., , (tr.) Cambridge, 1916.

Geiger, Wilhelm, Pali Literature and Language, Delhi, 1978.

Genjun H. Sasaki, Linguistic Approach To Buddhist Thought, Delhi, 1986, 1992.

Gimello, Robert M., Paths to Liberation, (ed.) Delhi, 1994.

Gombrich, R. F., Buddhist Precepts and Practice, Delhi, 1991.

Gregory, Peter N., Sudden and Gradual, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1991.

Groner, Paul, A History of Indian Buddhism from Sdkyamuni to Early Mahayana (by

Hirakawa Akira), Univ. of Hawaii, 1990; Delhi, 1993.

Gunaratana, Henepola Mahathera, The Jhdnas in Theravdda , BPS.,

Kandy, 1988.

Gunaratna, V. F., The Significance of the , Colombo, Wheel No. 123.

Gyatso, Kelsang, Joyful Path of Good Fortune: The Stages of the Path to

Enlightenment, Tharpa Pub., London, 1990. XVlll

Haldar, Aruna, Abhidharmakosa of Vasuhandhu, The Asiatic Society Monograph Series,

vol. XXV, Calcutta, 1981.

Hiniiber, Oskar von, A Handbook of Pali Literature, Berlin; New York, 1996.

Jayawardhana, Somnpala, Handbook of Pali Li terattdre, Colombo, 1994.

Kalupahana, D. J., Buddhist Philosophy; A Historical Analysis, Honolulu, 1976.

Keith, A. B., Buddhist Philosophy in India and Ceylon, Delhi, 1979.

Law, B. C, A Study ofMahavastu, Bharatiya Pub., Delhi, 1978.

Limaye, Surekha Vijay, Mahaydnasutrdlahkara by Asanga, Sri Satguru Pub., Delhi, 1992.

Luk, Charles, Ihe VimalaMrti Nirdesa Sutra, Shambhala, Boston and Shaftesbury, 1990.

Macy, Joanna, Mutual Causality in Buddhism and General Systems Theory, State Univ. of

New York Press, New York, 1992.

McGovem, W. M., An Introduction to Mahdydna Buddhism, London, 1922; Reprint,

Varanasi, 1968.

Michael, H. Kohn, The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and , Shambhala, Boston,

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Morgan, Kenneth W., The Path of the Buddha; Buddhism Interpreted by Buddhists, New

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New Delhi, 1998.

Nakamura, Hajime, Buddhism in Comparative Light, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1986.

Nariman, J. K., Literary History of Sanskrit Buddhism, Delhi, 1992. XIX

Nyanaponika Thera, Abhidhamma Studies, BPS., Kandy, 1985.

Nyanaponika Thera, Guide through the Abhidhamma Pitaka, 3"^ ed. BPS., 1971.

Nyanaponika Thera, The Significance of Dependent Origination in Theravada Buddhism,

BPS., Kandy, 1982.

Oldemberg, H., Buddha: His Life, His Teaching and His Order, Calcutta, 1927; Reprint,

Indological Book House, 1971.

Paegama Gnanarama, An Approach to Buddhist Social Philosophy, Singapore, 1996.

Park, Sung-Bae, Buddhist Faith and Sudden Enlightenment, DeM, 1991.

Puligandla, R., Fundamentals of Indian Philosophy, Univ. Press of America, USA, 1930.

Radhakrishnan, S., Indian Philosophy, 2 vols. 4* ed., London, 1991.

Rhys Davids, C.A.F., A Buddhist Manual of Psychological Ethics (Buddhist Psychology)

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Phenomena), London, 1900; Reprint, Munshiram Manoharlal Pub. Delhi, 1996.

Rhys Davids, CAP., Sakya or Buddhist Origins, Delhi, Oriental Reprint, 1978.

Robert E. Buswell, Jr. & Robert M. Gimello, Paths to Liberation, The Marga and its

Transformations in Buddhist Thought, (ed.) Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1994.

Satkari Mookerji, The Buddhist Philosophy of Universal Flux, Calcutta, 1936.

Sexuallity in Acient India; A Study based on the Pah Pitaka, Post Graduate

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Soma Thera, The Way of , Tr. of Sutta and Com., 3"* ed. BPS., 1967. XX Tilakaratne, Asanga, Nirvana and Ineffability: A Study of the Buddhist Theory of Reality

and Language, Colombo, 1993.

Warder, A.K. Indian Buddhism, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1970.

Zaehner, R.C., The Concise Encyclopedia of Living Faiths, London, 1959.