ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM
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AUV Adaptive Sampling Methods: a Review
applied sciences Review AUV Adaptive Sampling Methods: A Review Jimin Hwang 1 , Neil Bose 2 and Shuangshuang Fan 3,* 1 Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, TAS, Australia; [email protected] 2 Department of Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada; [email protected] 3 School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 July 2019; Accepted: 29 July 2019; Published: 2 August 2019 Abstract: Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are unmanned marine robots that have been used for a broad range of oceanographic missions. They are programmed to perform at various levels of autonomy, including autonomous behaviours and intelligent behaviours. Adaptive sampling is one class of intelligent behaviour that allows the vehicle to autonomously make decisions during a mission in response to environment changes and vehicle state changes. Having a closed-loop control architecture, an AUV can perceive the environment, interpret the data and take follow-up measures. Thus, the mission plan can be modified, sampling criteria can be adjusted, and target features can be traced. This paper presents an overview of existing adaptive sampling techniques. Included are adaptive mission uses and underlying methods for perception, interpretation and reaction to underwater phenomena in AUV operations. The potential for future research in adaptive missions is discussed. Keywords: autonomous underwater vehicle(s); maritime robotics; adaptive sampling; underwater feature tracking; in-situ sensors; sensor fusion 1. Introduction Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are unmanned marine robots. Owing to their mobility and increased ability to accommodate sensors, they have been used for a broad range of oceanographic missions, such as surveying underwater plumes and other phenomena, collecting bathymetric data and tracking oceanographic dynamic features. -
Evidence Against Production of Ichthyotoxins by Pfiesteria Shumwayae
Are Pfiesteria species toxicogenic? Evidence against production of ichthyotoxins by Pfiesteria shumwayae J. P. Berry*, K. S. Reece†, K. S. Rein‡, D. G. Baden§, L. W. Haas†, W. L. Ribeiro†, J. D. Shields†, R. V. Snyder‡, W. K. Vogelbein†, and R. E. Gawley*¶ *Department of Chemistry͞National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Science Center, University of Miami, P.O. Box 249118, Coral Gables, FL 33124; †Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Route 1208, Gloucester Point, VA 23062; ‡Department of Chemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199; and §Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409 Edited by John H. Law, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, and approved May 29, 2002 (received for review April 12, 2002) The estuarine genus Pfiesteria has received considerable attention Materials and Methods since it was first identified and proposed to be the causative agent Dinoflagellate Cultures. A clonal isolate of Pfiesteria shumwayae of fish kills along the mid-Atlantic coast in 1992. The presumption [Center for Culture of Marine Phytoplankton (CCMP) 2089] was has been that the mechanism of fish death is by release of one or maintained in cultures as described below. The identity of more toxins by the dinoflagellate. In this report, we challenge the P. shumwayae was confirmed additionally by PCR using notion that Pfiesteria species produce ichthyotoxins. Specifically, species-specific primers for regions of the ribosomal RNA we show that (i) simple centrifugation, with and without ultra- gene complex (29). sonication, is sufficient to ‘‘detoxify’’ water of actively fish-killing Algal prey. -
CH28 PROTISTS.Pptx
9/29/14 Biosc 41 Announcements 9/29 Review: History of Life v Quick review followed by lecture quiz (history & v How long ago is Earth thought to have formed? phylogeny) v What is thought to have been the first genetic material? v Lecture: Protists v Are we tetrapods? v Lab: Protozoa (animal-like protists) v Most atmospheric oxygen comes from photosynthesis v Lab exam 1 is Wed! (does not cover today’s lab) § Since many of the first organisms were photosynthetic (i.e. cyanobacteria), a LOT of excess oxygen accumulated (O2 revolution) § Some organisms adapted to use it (aerobic respiration) Review: History of Life Review: Phylogeny v Which organelles are thought to have originated as v Homology is similarity due to shared ancestry endosymbionts? v Analogy is similarity due to convergent evolution v During what event did fossils resembling modern taxa suddenly appear en masse? v A valid clade is monophyletic, meaning it consists of the ancestor taxon and all its descendants v How many mass extinctions seem to have occurred during v A paraphyletic grouping consists of an ancestral species and Earth’s history? Describe one? some, but not all, of the descendants v When is adaptive radiation likely to occur? v A polyphyletic grouping includes distantly related species but does not include their most recent common ancestor v Maximum parsimony assumes the tree requiring the fewest evolutionary events is most likely Quiz 3 (History and Phylogeny) BIOSC 041 1. How long ago is Earth thought to have formed? 2. Why might many organisms have evolved to use aerobic respiration? PROTISTS! Reference: Chapter 28 3. -
Real-Time Monitoring for Toxicity Caused by Harmful Algal Blooms and Other Water Quality Perturbations EPA/600/R-01/103 November 2001
United States Office of Research and EPA/600/R-01/103 Environmental Protection Development November 2001 Agency Washington, DC 20460 Real-Time Monitoring for Toxicity Caused By Harmful Algal Blooms and Other Water Quality Perturbations EPA/600/R-01/103 November 2001 Real-Time Monitoring for Toxicity Caused By Harmful Algal Blooms and Other Water Quality Perturbations National Center for Environmental Assessment-Washington Office Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC DISCLAIMER This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. ABSTRACT This project, sponsored by EPA’s Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking (EMPACT) program, evaluated the ability of an automated biological monitoring system that measures fish ventilatory responses (ventilatory rate, ventilatory depth, and cough rate) to detect developing toxic conditions in water. In laboratory tests, acutely toxic levels of both brevetoxin (PbTx-2) and toxic Pfiesteria piscicida cultures caused fish responses primarily through large increases in cough rate. In the field, the automated biomonitoring system operated continuously for 3 months on the Chicamacomico River, a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay that has had a history of intermittent toxic algal blooms. Data gathered through this effort complemented chemical monitoring data collected by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) as part of their pfiesteria monitoring program. After evaluation by DNR personnel, the public could access the data at a DNR Internet website, (www.dnr.state.md.us/bay/pfiesteria/00results.html), or receive more detailed information at aquaticpath.umd.edu/empact. -
Resisting Flow – Laboratory Study of Rheotaxis of the Estuarine Copepod Pseudodiaptomus Annandalei Xu Shanga,B, Guizhong Wanga* and Shaojing Lia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Xiamen University Institutional Repository Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology Vol. 41, No. 2, June 2008, 109–124 Resisting flow – laboratory study of rheotaxis of the estuarine copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei Xu Shanga,b, Guizhong Wanga* and Shaojing Lia aDepartment of Oceanography, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China; bSchool of Environmental and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, PR China (Received 1 May 2007; final version received 7 January 2008) Rheotaxis is a ubiquitous phenomenon among aquatic animals and thought to be an adaptation to maintain populations in flowing waters. While many estuarine copepods can retain their populations in estuaries with net seaward flow, rheotaxis of individual copepods has not been reported before. In this study, the behavior of a calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei in flow was examined in a recirculating laboratory flume. This estuarine copepod displayed different responses to ambient flow fields while swimming in the water column or attaching to the flume bed (walls). Copepods in the water column showed vigorous countercurrent swimming by occasional bounding when flow velocity was increased up to 2.1 cm sÀ1, but none of the individuals in the water column were retained in the flume when flow speeds were higher than 4 cm sÀ1. This indicates P. annandalei profits little from rheotaxis to withstand flow when they were swimming in the water column. Instead, more individuals attempted sinking downwards to the slow flow region near the flume bed (walls) and showed active substrate attachment to avoid being flushed out by the high-velocity channel flow. -
New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research Pfiesteria
This article was downloaded by: On: 25 August 2010 Access details: Access Details: Free Access Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t918959567 Pfiesteria shumwayae (Pfiesteriaceae) in New Zealand Lesley L. Rhodesa; Joann M. Burkholderb; Howard B. Glasgowb; Parke A. Rubleec; Coy Allenb; Janet E. Adamsona a Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand b Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States c University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States Online publication date: 30 March 2010 To cite this Article Rhodes, Lesley L. , Burkholder, Joann M. , Glasgow, Howard B. , Rublee, Parke A. , Allen, Coy and Adamson, Janet E.(2002) 'Pfiesteria shumwayae (Pfiesteriaceae) in New Zealand', New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 36: 3, 621 — 630 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2002.9517117 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.2002.9517117 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. -
Ontogeny of Orientation During the Early Life History of the Pelagic Teleost Mahi-Mahi, Coryphaena Hippurus Linnaeus, 1758
Article Ontogeny of Orientation during the Early Life History of the Pelagic Teleost Mahi-Mahi, Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 Robin Faillettaz 1,2,* , Eve Johnson 1, Patrick Dahlmann 1, Alexandra Syunkova 1, John Stieglitz 3, Daniel Benetti 3, Martin Grosell 1 and Claire B. Paris 1,* 1 Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA; [email protected] (E.J.); [email protected] (P.D.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (M.G.) 2 Ifremer, STH, Station de Lorient, 8 rue François Toullec, F-56100 Lorient, France 3 Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA; [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (D.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.F.); [email protected] (C.B.P.) Received: 6 July 2020; Accepted: 29 September 2020; Published: 8 October 2020 Abstract: Understanding the orientation behavior and capabilities in early life history (ELH) of fishes is critical for studying their dispersal but has, surprisingly, never been tested in any pelagic species. We here investigate the ontogeny of orientation and swimming abilities of the pelagic Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 larvae, hereafter mahi-mahi, through their ELH stages using the Drifting In Situ Chamber (DISC) in a laboratory setup. The DISC was deployed in a large (3 m3) circular aquarium in order to control the stimulus perceived by the fish and to identify behavioral response at the individual, developmental stage, and population levels. -
Rheotaxis of Guppies Above Waterfalls
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Asymmetric Isolation and the Evolution of Behaviors Influencing Dispersal: Rheotaxis of Guppies above Waterfalls Léa Blondel 1,* , Sandra Klemet-N’Guessan 2, Marilyn E. Scott 3 and Andrew P. Hendry 1 1 Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke St. W., Montréal, QC H3A 0C4, Canada; [email protected] 2 Department of Biology, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 1Z8, Canada; [email protected] 3 Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), 21,111 Lakeshore Drive, Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 15 January 2020; Accepted: 5 February 2020; Published: 9 February 2020 Abstract: Populations that are asymmetrically isolated, such as above waterfalls, can sometimes export emigrants in a direction from which they do not receive immigrants, and thus provide an excellent opportunity to study the evolution of dispersal traits. We investigated the rheotaxis of guppies above barrier waterfalls in the Aripo and Turure rivers in Trinidad—the later having been introduced in 1957 from a below-waterfall population in another drainage. We predicted that, as a result of strong selection against downstream emigration, both of these above-waterfall populations should show strong positive rheotaxis. Matching these expectations, both populations expressed high levels of positive rheotaxis, possibly reflecting contemporary (rapid) evolution in the introduced Turure population. However, the two populations used different behaviors to achieve the same performance of strong positive rheotaxis, as has been predicted in the case of multiple potential evolutionary solutions to the same functional challenge (i.e., “many-to-one mapping”). -
The Ohio Academy of Science
A-2 The Ohio Journal of Science VOL. 112(1) The Ohio Academy of Science GENERAL SCHEDULE 121st Annual Meeting Friday, April 13, 2012 Hosted by Ashland University Ashland, Ohio 3:00 PM-5:00 PM Board of Trustees Meeting April 13-14, 2012 Saturday, April 14, 2012 ABOUT THE ANNUAL MEETING The Ohio Academy of Science’s Annual Meeting is for academic, gov- 7:30 AM-2:00 PM Meeting Registration in Lobby ernmental, and industry scientists and engineers, university and pre- of Dwight Schar College of college educators and teachers, and pre-college, undergraduate, and Education graduate students, and interested lay citizens in the Ohio region. 8:30 AM-11:00 AM Algae Symposium in Lecture Hall Welcome ! Dwight Schar College of Education Ashland University welcomes you to the 121” Annual Meeting of The Ohio Academy of Science. We invite you to explore our cam- 9:00 AM-11 :00 AM Morning Podium and Poster pus and to share in the excitement and opportunities provided in Sessions in Dwight Schar College this program. of Education REGISTRATION 11:15AM All-Academy Lecture Registration is required for all meeting presenters and attendees. Upper Convocation Center On-site registration will be available at a higher rate. The Ohio Parking available in adjacent lots. Academy of Science must receive forms by April 6, 2012. Please use Registration Form on the last page. Mail completed form and All-Academy Lecture Mentorship, A Key to Success in fee to : Research, Teaching and Life The Ohio Academy of Science OAS Annual Meeting Registration PO Box 12519 Columbus OH 43212-0519 FAX 614.488.7629 (for Credit Card or PO only) Registration by credit card or purchase order only will be accept- ed by FAX at 614/ 488-7629. -
Modeling Rheotaxis Based on Preference to Predict Fish Migration Behavior in a River
VOLUME 22, NO. 1, JULI 2016 Modeling Rheotaxis based on Preference to Predict Fish Migration Behavior in A River Rina Febrina Division of Civil Engineering, Malahayati University Jl. Pramuka No.27 Kemiling, Bandar Lampung 35153, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In this research, we attempt to determine preference of rheotaxis and estimated weight values in laboratory experiments using adult and juvenile ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis). We conducted paired comparisons of ayu distribution between the upper and lower sections of a test watercourse using several velocity conditions (10, 30, and 40 cm/s for juveniles; 20, 30, 50, 70, and 90 cm/s for adults). In upper watercourse sections, juvenile ayu preferred velocities of 30 cm/s and 40 cm/s, and adults preferred a velocity of 50 cm/s. Even when a highly preferred illumination condition of 4000 lux was present in the lower section, fish maintained a higher distribution in the upper section. We design a procedure to calculate rheotaxis preference and built it into our fish behavior simulation model on geographic information system (GIS) software. The model successfully predicted natural migration behavior of fish. Keywords: Rheotaxis, Fish preference model, Fish migration simulation in rivers, Illumination, Ayu. Abstrak Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menentukan preference dan weight value dari rheotaxis melalui percobaan di laboratorium dengan menggunakan ikan dewasa dan anak ikan ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis). Penelitian ini membandingkan penyebaran ikan ayu dibagian atas dan bagian bawah dari daerah percobaan dengan menggunakan beberapa kondisi kecepatan aliran (10, 30, dan 40 cm/s untuk anak ikan; 20, 30, 50, 70, dan 90 cm/s untuk ikan dewasa). -
Bacterial Rheotaxis
Bacterial rheotaxis Marcosa,b, Henry C. Fuc,d, Thomas R. Powersd, and Roman Stockere,1 aSchool of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, and eDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; cDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557; and dSchool of Engineering and Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 Edited by T. C. Lubensky, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, and approved February 17, 2012 (received for review December 21, 2011) The motility of organisms is often directed in response to environ- passive hydrodynamic effect, whereby the combination of a mental stimuli. Rheotaxis is the directed movement resulting from gravitational torque and a shear-induced torque orients the fluid velocity gradients, long studied in fish, aquatic invertebrates, swimming direction preferentially upstream (14–16). Responses and spermatozoa. Using carefully controlled microfluidic flows, we to shear are also observed in copepods and dinoflagellates, which show that rheotaxis also occurs in bacteria. Excellent quantitative rely on shear detection to attack prey or escape predators (5, 17– agreement between experiments with Bacillus subtilis and a math- 19), orient in flow (20), and retain a preferential depth (21). ematical model reveals that bacterial rheotaxis is a purely physical Evidence of shear-driven motility in prokaryotes is limited to the phenomenon, in contrast to fish rheotaxis but in the same way as upstream motion of mycoplasma (22), E. coli (23), and Xylella sperm rheotaxis. This previously unrecognized bacterial taxis results fastidiosa (24), all of which require the presence of a solid sur- from a subtle interplay between velocity gradients and the helical face. -
Phytoplankton Orientation in a Turbulent Ocean: a Microscale Perspective
fmars-07-00185 March 24, 2020 Time: 15:44 # 1 MINI REVIEW published: 25 March 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00185 Phytoplankton Orientation in a Turbulent Ocean: A Microscale Perspective G. Basterretxea1*, J. S. Font-Muñoz2,3* and I. Tuval1,4* 1 Department of Marine Ecology, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, University of the Balearic Islands and Spanish National Research Council, Esporles, Spain, 2 Université de Brest – Université de Bretagne Occidentale/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea/Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Brest, France, 3 French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea, French Institute for Sea Research, Dynamiques des Ecosystèmes Côtiers Laboratoire d’Ecologie Pélagique, Plouzané, France, 4 Department of Physics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain Phytoplankton are by definition autotrophic microorganisms that passively drift with fluid motion. Accordingly, the traditional view of a turbulence-homogenized phytoplankton distribution in the ocean, where cells randomly organize and interact, is deeply rooted in biological oceanography studies. However, increasing understanding of microscopic processes in the ocean is revealing a world of microscale patterns resulting from Edited by: cell behaviors and fluid-cell interactions that challenges this vision. Autotrophic cells Aditya R. Nayak, have developed active (i.e., flagella) and passive (i.e., morphological structures and Florida Atlantic University, United States vesicles) motility mechanisms that allow them different degrees of spatial control. Their Reviewed by: complex interaction with the ocean physicochemical landscape commonly results in Jun Sun, small-scale spatial heterogeneities and non-isotropic orientations that can strongly Tianjin University of Science and Technology, China influence ecosystem level processes.