Land at Grange Farm Tongham Surrey

Land at Grange Farm Tongham

Surrey Archaeological Evaluation

for Barratt David Wilson Homes

CA Project: 770718 CA Report: 770718_1

August 2019

Land at Grange Farm Tongham Surrey

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 770718 CA Report: 770718_1

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by Jeremy Internal General Edit Duncan A 23.07.2019 Joe Whelan Clutterbuck Draft Coe

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 4

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 6

4. METHODOLOGY ...... 6

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-8) ...... 7

6. THE FINDS ...... 9

7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ...... 10

8. DISCUSSION ...... 10

9. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 11

10. REFERENCES ...... 11

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 13 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS BY KATIE MARSDEN ...... 15 APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE BY SARAH WYLES ...... 16 APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 17

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan (1:800) Fig. 3 Trench 1: section and photograph (1:20) Fig. 4 Trench 2: section and photograph (1:20) Fig. 5 Trench 3: section and photograph (1:20) Fig. 6 Trench 4: section and photograph (1:20) Fig. 7 Trench 5: sections and photographs (1:20) Fig. 8 Trench 12: section and photograph (1:20)

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

Summary

Project Name: Land at Grange Farm Location: Tongham, Surrey NGR: 488518 148766 Type: Evaluation Date: 15-19 July 2019 Planning Reference: 14/P/02398 Location of Archive: To be deposited with Surrey Museum Services Site Code: GRAN 19

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in July 2019 on Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey. Fourteen trenches were excavated.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In July 2019 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for Barratt David Wilson Homes on Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey (centred at NGR: 488518 148766; Fig. 1), hereafter referred to as the ‘site’. The evaluation was undertaken as a part of Condition 20 to the planning permission of 50 dwellings and associated access, car parking and open space, granted by Guildford Borough Council (GBC) (Ref: 14/P/02398).

1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a brief for archaeological evaluation prepared by Nick Truckle (Surrey County Council Archaeological Officer) the archaeological advisor to GBC, and with a subsequent detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2018) and approved by Nick Truckle. The fieldwork also followed Standard and guidance: Archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014). It was not monitored by Nick Truckle.

The site 1.3 The site is located on the southern edge of the village of Tongham. The larger town of Aldershot also extends to within 600m of the site, to the north-west. Two main roads, the A331 and A31, run c. 220m and 380m to the west and south of the site respectively.

1.4 The site area measured approximately 1.9ha in extent, which is bordered to the west by Grange Road. To the east, the site is bordered by the rear gardens of properties fronting onto The Street, which runs along a north-south orientation c. 45m to the east of the site. Further properties lie to the north, and the area to the south comprises fields. Beyond are situated smaller enclosures associated with residential buildings in this area. A footpath runs across the southern edge of the site, and the site boundaries are demarcated by hedges. The site lies on almost level ground, at around 75m above Ordnance Datum (AOD). To the south of the site, the land rises along an east-west ridge at an elevation of c. 125m AOD, while to the north and east the topography is characterised by slightly undulating land.

Ecological and Utility Considerations 1.5 The site comprises a single field of overgrown grassland including common Oxford Ragwort weeds amidst brambles and nettles. There are at least three mature apple trees towards the centre of the field and mature hazel trees in the western hedgerow. A gas pipeline runs from a raised manhole in the north-west corner of site

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

probably south-west towards Grange Farm according to geophysical survey (Stratascan 2014) and a sub-surface electrical cable runs east-west across the northern half of site (Fig. 2)

Mapped Geology 1.6 Geologically, the site is divided into two parts, with the eastern and central areas characterised by sedimentary bedrock of the Lambeth Group, comprising clay, silt and sand. Within the western portion of the site, the underlying geology comprises clay, silt and sand of the London Clay formation. Superficial deposits within this part of the site comprise River Terrace Deposits 2 to 3, composed of sands and gravels. Across the remainder of the site, the superficial deposits are characterised by clay, silt, sand and gravel Head deposits (British Geological Society 2014). This was further confirmed on site (See section 5.3).

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 The archaeological background given below is a succinct summary of a Heritage Statement by Cotswold Archaeology (2014) and the results of a geophysical survey of the site by Stratascan (2014).

Prehistoric (500,000 BC – 2400 BC) 2.1 No Palaeolithic remains have been found within the site itself but the geological make-up of the site, comprising gravel Terrace Deposits and Head Deposits, indicates some potential for Palaeolithic remains to be present but due to the general scarcity of remains of this type from across Surrey, this potential is considered to be relatively limited.

2.2 Evidence of Mesolithic occupation within Surrey tend to be found in well-drained areas characterised by underlying sands and gravels, or on sloping topography in clay areas. Mesolithic flints have been recorded close to the site including two tranchet axes recorded c. 120m to the west of the site. Mesolithic implements were also recorded from c. 1km to the south of the site were recovered from within a sand pit.

2.3 Evidence of Neolithic settlement in Surrey, and within the wider local area, is comparatively scarce. An Area of High Archaeological Potential (AHAP), associated with a possible Neolithic or Iron Age flint mine-shaft, has been identified by Surrey County Council approximately 300m to the south-east of the site, though a recent re-

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

examination of the pottery from the site by English Heritage suggests it is more likely Iron Age in date.

Bronze Age (2400 BC – 700 BC) 2.4 Previous archaeological investigations within the area have recorded no evidence of Bronze Age activity.

Iron Age (700 BC – AD 43) 2.5 A possible Iron Age enclosure has been recorded on aerial photographs c. 800m to the west of the site. However, the most extensive evidence of Iron Age activity derives from the Tongham Nurseries excavations, c. 250m to the north-west of the site and from the excavations at Runfold Farm associated with Farnham Quarry. The latter recorded an enclosed Iron Age settlement around 1.5km to the west of the site, with associated field systems and trackways leading from the settlement. The excavations at Tongham Nurseries recorded four areas of Iron Age enclosed settlements, including roundhouse, pits, postholes, and a possible granary structure, with two other areas containing features of Iron Age date. The remains recorded give the impression of a relatively densely settled area during the Iron Age, with cultivated land lying between areas of enclosed settlement. While this would therefore suggest some potential for remains of Iron Age settlement or agricultural activities to be present within the site, no anomalies consistent with features of this type were identified by the recent geophysical survey.

Roman (AD 43 – AD 410) 2.6 Early records indicate that foundations, tiles, pavements, Roman coins and pottery were recovered approximately 800m to the south south-west of the site in the 18th century in hedgerows near Tongham, though there is no later record of these finds or a specific location. Excavations close to West Farm, c. 1.2km to the south-west of the site recorded large amounts of Roman period pottery and domestic refuse associated with ditches and pits. Additionally the Iron Age settlement identified c. 1.5km to the west of the site is also thought to have been occupied during the early Roman period. Roman field systems were also identified c. 220m west of the site during works on the A31. The lack of evidence of settlement close to the site, along with the negative results of the geophysical survey may indicate that the site was situated within an agricultural landscape in the Roman period.

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

Medieval-Post-medieval (AD 410 - 1800) 2.7 There is no early medieval evidence for activity within the site, with the earliest record for Tongham Manor dating from 1360, with the site most likely being used for agriculture in the medieval period.

2.8 No indications of post-medieval settlement are recorded within the site, with Rocque’s detailed Map of Surrey, published in 1768 showing the site in much the same form as today, i.e.. as a roughly triangular piece of land used for agriculture.

Recent Works 2.9 A geophysical survey was conducted within the site in January 2014, in support of the previous planning application (Stratascan, 2014). The survey revealed no anomalies which were considered indicative of archaeological remains, with a single identified feature comprising a linear anomaly consistent with a probable utility pipe trench, running parallel to the western boundary as outlined in section 1.5. Other anomalies observed were thought to be modern in origin, deriving from ferrous objects in the topsoil and magnetic disturbance relating to fences.

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The objectives of the evaluation were to provide information about the archaeological resource within the site, including its presence/absence, character, extent, date, integrity, state of preservation and quality, in accordance Standard and guidance: Archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014). This information will enable the archaeological advisor to GBC to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset, consider the impact of the proposed development upon it, and to avoid or minimise conflict between the heritage asset’s conservation and any aspect of the development proposal, in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (DCLG 2012).

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of 14 trenches (30m by 1.8m), in the locations shown on the attached plan (Fig. 2). Trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual. Trenches 4, 6 and 10 were moved to avoid trees and thick brambles.

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

4.2 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.3 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites and, three were sampled and processed (52 litres of soil). All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation.

4.4 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Andover. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will be deposited with the relevant Surrey museum along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix D, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-8)

5.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts, finds and environmental samples (palaeoenvironmental evidence) are to be found in Appendices A, B and C respectively.

Brief Synopsis 5.2 Five undated features constituting two north-north-east/south-south-west parallel ditches (103/303, 203/403) were revealed in Trenches 1, 2, 3 and 4; a pit (505) and a posthole (503) in Trench 5 and an east-west gully (1203) in Trench 12 were revealed. Other than this, of the aforementioned utilities (section 1.5), a potential utility construction cut was revealed at a depth of greater than 0.93m in Trenches 7, 9, and 14. A utility was also revealed at 0.2m in Trench 2 but not disturbed any further. No archaeology was identified in Trenches 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14.

Revealed Geology 5.3 The natural geology consisted predominantly of light brownish yellow silty sand and occasional patches of gravel revealed at an average depth of 0.61m below current ground level (BCGL), though natural geology, particularly more common natural

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

gravel was found at a shallower depth in the north-east corner of site being about 0.35m BCGL at the east end of Trench 1. Apart from the north end of Trench 2 and east end of Trench 1, generally sterile mid yellowish brown silty sand subsoil was observed overlying the natural geology to an average depth of 0.29m. All archaeological deposits were sealed by the subsoil. A layer of dark brownish grey sandy silt topsoil in each trench overlay the subsoil to an average depth of 0.35m.

Trench 1 (Figs 2 & 3) 5.4 Trench 1 revealed a single undated ditch as a part of the more westerly of the two parallel ditches mentioned in section 5.2. The ditch (103) measured 1.3m wide by 0.46m deep and had a moderately sloping u-shaped profile with a flat base. It was filled with mid reddish grey silty sand secondary fill (104). Ditch 103 corresponds with ditch 303 in Trench 3.

Trench 2 (Figs 2 & 4) 5.5 Trench 2 contained part of the more easterly of the two parallel ditches mentioned in section 5.2. This undated ditch (203) measured 0.71m wide by 0.19m deep and had a moderately sloping u-shaped profile with a concave base. It was filled with mid reddish brown silty sand secondary fill (204). Ditch 203 corresponded with Ditch 403 in Trench 4.

Trench 3 (Figs 2 & 5) 5.6 Undated ditch 303 continued on the same alignment as ditch 103 and measured 1.5m wide by 0.32m deep. It was filled by a light grey and greyish brown iron- mottled silty sand secondary fill (304) and had a moderately sloping slightly-stepped profile with a flat base. Ditch 303 had a slightly offset recut (305) which had a more north-east/south-west orientation and a u-shaped profile with a flat base. It measured 0.33m wide by 0.15m deep and was filled with a dark brownish grey clayey sand secondary fill (306), which contained no datable material.

Trench 4 (Figs 2 & 6) 5.7 Undated ditch 403 continued the same alignment as ditch 203 and measured 1.2m wide by 0.4m deep. It was filled by mid grey iron-mottled silty sand secondary fill (404) and had a moderately sloping u-shaped profile with a concave base.

Trench 5 (Figs 2 & 7) 5.8 Trench 5 contained a posthole (503) and pit (505) in close proximity in the centre of the trench. The full extent of the undated pit was partially hidden by the baulk but it

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

had a length of 1.35m, a width of >0.72m and depth of 0.31m. It had a sub oval shape in plan, a moderately sloping concave profile and was filled with light to mid greyish brown silty sand secondary fill (506). Undated sub circular posthole 503 measured 0.37m by 0.4m and had a depth of 0.12m, it was filled with a mid-greyish brown silty sand and had a steep sided u-shaped profile with a flat base.

Trench 12 (Figs 2 & 8) 5.9 Trench 12 contained a single undated east-west gully (1203) measuring 0.46m wide by 0.23m deep. It had a moderately sloping, straight-sided profile and concave base and was filled by a single mid yellowish brown silty sand secondary fill (1204).

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Artefactual material recovered from the evaluation is listed in Appendix B and discussed further below.

Pottery 6.2 A small assemblage of pottery, comprising 10 sherds (73g), was recovered entirely from topsoil deposits. With the exception of a single residual sherd of Roman greyware from topsoil deposit 1100, the assemblage is of post-medieval to modern date. The assemblage comprises glazed earthenwares (including slip-trailed, brown and black-glazed varieties), stonewares and refined white earthenwares, broadly of mid-16th to 19th century date. The latest material in the group is a green transfer- print refined white earthenware cup recovered from topsoil deposit 1300, of 19th century date.

Other Finds 6.3 A medium-sized group of ceramic building material, comprising 18 items (361g), was recovered from nine topsoil deposits. The majority of fragments (15) are of flat or curved roof tile, of medieval or later date. A fragment of glazed drainpipe of 19th or 20th century date was recovered from topsoil deposit 200 and the remaining two items are too fragmentary to identify to form or function, but are likely to be of similar dating to the tile.

6.4 Eleven items of glass, weighing 103g, were recovered from 11 topsoil deposits. A single fragment of colourless window glass was recovered from topsoil deposit 1000, with the remainder comprising vessel glass occurring in colourless, blue and

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

brown glass. The group is likely to date to the 19th and 20th centuries based on colour and evidence of mould seams.

6.5 A total of 36 prehistoric worked flint items, weighing 391g, was recovered from 16 deposits. The majority consists of flakes, which cannot be closely dated. Ra. 1, a scraper, was recovered from subsoil 1201 and features flake scars on the proximal end which may have been to aid in hafting. The scraper is of a form that cannot be closely dated.

7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

Plant Macrofossils 7.1 A series of three environmental samples (52 litres of soil) were taken from a pit and two ditches within Trenches 3, 4 and 5 to evaluate the preservation of palaeoenvironmental remains across the area and with the intention of recovering environmental evidence of industrial or domestic activity on the site. It was also hoped that the samples may assist with the dating of these features. The samples were processed by standard flotation procedures (CA Technical Manual No. 2).

7.2 The generally low level of charred remains recovered from these features provide no clear indication of the date of these features other than possibly Roman or earlier. Hulled wheat was the predominant wheat in the prehistoric and Roman periods in Southern Britain (Greig 1991). The assemblage recorded from pit 505 would be compatible with a later prehistoric or Roman date whereas that from ditch 303 would be more indicative of an earlier prehistoric date. The weed seeds noted are those typical of grassland, field margins and arable environments. These small assemblages may suggest that some low level domestic settlement activities, such as crop processing, were taking place in the general area, particularly in the vicinity of Trench 5.

8. DISCUSSION

8.1 The three undated ditches, pit and posthole on site did not correspond with any anomalies on the geophysical survey data (Stratascan 2014).

8.2 The parallel pair of ditches (103/303; 203/403) in respect of their alignment suggest a previous entrance way from the north of site since they effectively create a droveway/trackway by means of their enclosed linear space channelling movement

10 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

north-south. Furthermore, the presence of hulled wheat in these ditches and pit 505 suggests a late prehistoric or Roman date. It is likely these features were associated with low level domestic settlement activities, such as crop processing, particularly in the vicinity of Trench 5.

8.3 Given the consistent and substantial average depth (0.29m) of mostly sterile subsoil across site it is conceivable that ditch 1203 and posthole 503 are of a similar date.

8.4 The remains recorded at the Tongham Nurseries excavation 250m to the north-west gave the impression of a relatively densely settled area during the Iron Age, with cultivated land lying between areas of enclosed settlement as outlined above in section 2.5. The three ditches, pit and posthole may constitute the Iron Age agricultural activities suggested to be present within the site (see section 2.5).

9. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Jeremy Clutterbuck, assisted by Tim Street, Majbritt Bengtson and Craig Jones. The report was written by Jeremy Clutterbuck. The finds and biological evidence reports were written by Katie Marsden and Sarah Wyles respectively. The illustrations were prepared by Gemma Bowen. The archive has been compiled by Richard Paxford, and prepared for deposition by Hazel O’Neill. The project was managed for CA by Richard Greatorex and Oliver Good.

10. REFERENCES

British Geological Survey 2019 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed 5 August 2019

Cotswold Archaeology 2014, Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Revised Heritage Statement CA Report No. 14555

Cotswold Archaeology 2017, Fieldwork Recording Manual, Technical Manual No. 1

Cotswold Archaeology 2018, Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation

Chartered Institute of Archaeologists 2014 Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Excavation Reading: University of Reading Press

11 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

Greig, J. 1991 ‘The British Isles’ in van Zeist, W., Wasylikowa, K. and Behre, K-E. (eds.) 1991, Progress in Old World Palaeoethnobotany Rotterdam: Balkema, 229-334

The Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government's 2019 National Planning Policy Framework

Stratascan 2014 Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Geophysical Survey Report. Stratascan Report No: J6321

Zohary, D., Hopf, M. and Weiss, E. 2012 Domestication of plants in the Old World: the origin and spread of cultivated plants in West Asia, Europe, and the Nile Valley, 4th edition, Oxford, Clarendon Press

12 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Depth/ Trench Context Length Width Context Type Fill of Context Description thickness No Interpretation (m) (m) (m) 1 100 layer topsoil mid greyish brown 30.5 1.6 0-0.29 friable silty sand 1 101 layer subsoil mid greyish brown 30.5 1.6 0.29-0.61 friable silty sand 1 102 layer natural geology pale yellowish brown 30.5 1.6 0.61-0.67+ friable silty sand 1 103 cut ditch moderate concave 1.6 1.3 0.46 sides, shallow concave base N-S alignment 1 104 fill 103 disuse of ditch mid reddish grey silty 1.6 1.3 0.46 sand friable 2 200 layer topsoil dark brownish grey 30.5 1.6 0-0.32 sandy silt friable 2 201 layer subsoil mid yellow brown sandy 30.5 1.6 0.32-0.52 silt friable 2 202 layer natural geology light brown yellow friable 30.5 1.6 0.52-0.63+ silty sand 2 203 cut ditch moderate straight sides 6 0.71 0.19 concave base SW/NE alignment 2 204 fill 203 disuse of ditch mid reddish brown silty 6 0.71 0.19 sand friable 3 300 layer topsoil mdi brown grey sandy 30 1.6 0-0.3 silt friable 3 301 layer subsoil mid yellow brown sandy 30 1.6 0.3-0.48 silt friable 3 302 layer natural geology light brown yellow silty 30 1.6 0.48-0.60+ sand friable 3 303 cut ditch moderate stepped sides 2 1.5 0.32 flat base NE/SW alignment 3 304 fill 303 disuse of ditch light grey iron mottling 2 1.5 0.32 silty sand friable 3 305 cut ditch moderate concave sides 2 0.33 0.15 flat base NE/SW alignment 3 306 fill 305 disuse of ditch dark brownish grey 2 0.33 0.15 clayey sand firm 4 400 layer topsoil mid brown grey sandy 29.1 1.6 0-0.3 silt friable 4 401 layer subsoil mid reddish brown 29.1 1.6 0.3-0.53 sandy silt friable 4 402 layer natural geology mid brown yellow silty 29.1 1.6 0.53-0.55+ sand friable 4 403 cut ditch moderate asymmetrical 1.6 1.2 0.4 sides shallow concave slightly pointed base N/S alignment 4 404 fill 403 disuse of ditch mid reddish grey silty 1.6 1.2 0.4 sand compact 5 500 layer topsoil mid brown grey sandy 29.8 1.6 0-0.35 silt friable 5 501 layer subsoil mid reddish brown 29.8 1.6 0.35-0.58 sandy silt friable 5 502 layer natural geology light brown yellow silty 29.8 1.6 0.58-0.66+ sand friable 5 503 cut posthole sub circular in plan near 0.4 0.37 0.12 vertical slopping flat base 5 504 fill 503 disuse of mid greyish brown silty 0.4 0.37 0.12 posthole sand loose 5 505 cut posthole sub oval moderate 1.36 0.72 0.31 concave sides, concave base N-S

13 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

Depth/ Trench Context Length Width Context Type Fill of Context Description thickness No Interpretation (m) (m) (m) 5 506 fill 505 disuse of light to mid greyish 1.36 0.72 0.31 posthole brown silty sand friable 6 600 layer topsoil mid brownish grey 31 1.6 0-0.37 sandy silt friable 6 601 layer subsoil mid reddish brown 31 1.6 0.37-0.7 sandy silt friable 6 602 layer natural geology light brownish yellow 31 1.6 0.7+ silty sand friable 6 603 cut tree throw irregular in plan irregular 1.65 0.64 0.31 undulating sides concave base e/w alignment 6 604 fill 603 disuse of tree light yellow brown silty 1.65 0.64 0.31 throw sand friable 7 700 layer topsoil mid grey brown friable 30.3 1.6 0-0.32 silty sand 7 701 layer subsoil mid yellow brown friable 30.3 1.6 0.32-0.65 silty sand 7 702 layer natural geology friable pale brown yellow 30.3 1.6 0.65+ silty sand 8 800 layer topsoil mid grey brown friable 28.1 1.6 0-0.4 silty sand 8 801 layer subsoil mid yellow brown silty 28.1 1.6 0.4-0.67 sand friable 8 802 layer natural geology light brown yellow silty 28.1 1.6 0.67-0.8+ sand friable 9 900 layer topsoil mid greyish brown silty 30 1.6 0-0.34 sand friable 9 901 layer subsoil mid yellow brown silty 30 1.6 0.34-0.72 sand friable 9 902 layer natural geology pale brownish yellow 30 1.6 0.72-0.77+ silty sand 10 1000 layer topsoil mid grey brown silty 28.5 1.6 0-0.32 sand 10 1001 layer subsoil mid yellow brown silty 28.5 1.6 0.32-0.58 sand friable 10 1002 layer natural geology light brownish yellow 28.5 1.6 0.58-0.63 silty sand friable 11 1100 layer topsoil mid brown grey sandy 29.5 1.6 0-0.47 silt friable 11 1101 layer subsoil mid yellow brown sandy 29.5 1.6 0.47-0.68 silt friable 11 1102 layer natural geology light brown yellow darker 29.5 1.6 0.68-0.76+ mottling friable 12 1200 layer topsoil mid brown sandy silt 31.1 1.6 0-0.37 friable 12 1201 layer subsoil mid yellow brown sandy 31.1 1.6 0.37-0.6 silt friable 12 1202 layer natural geology light brown yellow silty 31.1 1.6 0.6-0.68+ sand friable 12 1203 cut ditch moderate straight sides 1.6 0.76 0.23 concave base e/w alignment 12 1204 fill 1203 disuse of ditch mid yellow brown silty 1.6 0.76 0.23 sand friable 13 1300 layer topsoil friable mid grey brown 30 1.6 0-0.35 silty sand 13 1301 layer subsoil friable mid yellow brown 30 1.6 0.35-0.49 silty sand 13 1302 layer natural geology friable light brown yellow 30 1.6 0.49-0.6+ silty sand 14 1400 layer topsoil mid grey brown silty 28.7 1.6 0-0.43 sand friable 14 1401 layer subsoil mid yellow brown silty 28.7 1.6 0.43-0.79 sand friable 14 1402 layer natural geology light brown yellow silty 28.7 1.6 0.79-0.82 sand friable

14 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS BY KATIE MARSDEN

Context Class Description Ct. Wt. (g) Spot-date 100 flint flake 1 4 - 100 glass brown bottle neck 1 11 - 200 CBM glazed drain 1 17 MC18-C19 200 flint flake 1 2 200 glass colourless vessel (moulded) 1 6 200 post-medieval to modern pottery refined white earthenware 1 5 300 burnt flint unworked 1 8 C19 300 CBM tile (flat) 1 13 300 glass colourless vessel (moulded) 1 12 300 post-medieval to modern pottery stoneware 1 4 301 flint flakes with thinning or cortex removal flakes 5 32 - 400 CBM tile (flat) 1 35 - 400 glass pale blue/green vessel (moulded) 1 24 401 burnt flint unworked 2 59 - 500 CBM tile (curved) 2 63 - 500 flint flakes 4 42 600 CBM fragment 1 6 C17-C19 600 flint flake 1 7 600 glass colourless vessel 1 3 600 post-medieval to modern pottery grey stoneware 1 5 601 flint flake 1 5 - 700 glass blue vessel 1 2 - 800 flint flake 1 7 C18-C19 800 glass colourless vessel (moulded) 1 6 800 post-medieval pottery brown-glazed earthenware 1 10 900 burnt flint flake 1 2 C18-C19 900 flint flake 1 10 900 post-medieval pottery black-glazed earthenware 1 2 900 post-medieval to modern pottery creamware 1 4 901 flint flake with edge retouch or damage 1 23 - 1000 flint flakes 3 10 - 1000 glass colourless window 1 1 1100 CBM fragment 1 33 C16-C17 1100 flint flake 1 10 1100 glass brown bottle 1 7 1100 Roman pottery ?residual greyware 1 4 1100 post-medieval pottery slip-trailed glazed earthenware 1 24 1100 post-medieval pottery stoneware 1 6 1200 burnt flint unworked 1 9 - 1200 CBM tile (flat) 3 53 1200 flint flakes 2 65 1200 glass colourless bottle 1 30 1201 flint Ra. 1 - scraper 1 16 - 1204 flint flakes 6 57 - 1300 CBM tile (flat) 3 72 C19 1300 flint flakes 4 58 1300 glass brown bottle 1 1 1300 modern pottery green transfer print cup 1 9 1400 CBM tile (flat) 5 69 - 1400 flint flakes 3 43

15 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE

Flot Vol size Roots Charred Charcoal Feature Context Sample (L) (ml) % Grain Chaff Cereal Notes Other Notes for Table > 4/2mm Other Trench 3 - Undated ditch Hulled wheat grain frags, emmer glume 303 304 3 19 60 75 * * base frag * Avena/Bromus */** - Trench 4 - Undated ditch Hulled wheat 403 404 1 15 50 70 * - grain - - */** - Trench 5 - Undated pit Vicia/Lathyrus, Hulled wheat Chenopodium, grain frags inc. triangular 505 506 2 18 40 50 ** * spelt, culm node ** capsule frag **/*** -

Key: * = 1–4 items; ** = 5–19 items; *** = 20–49 items; **** = 50–99 items; ***** = >100 items,

16 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey Short description An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in July 2019 on Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey. Fourteen trenches were excavated.

Three ditches, a pit and a posthole were revealed in the north and east of site. Two of the ditches probably flanked a previous trackway/droveway into the site from the northern perimeter. Environmental evidence indicated some low level domestic settlement activities, such as crop processing, were taking place in the general area of the site, particularly in the vicinity of Trench 5, with the crops being processed indicative of a Roman or earlier prehistoric date. Project dates 15-19 July 2019 Project type Evaluation Previous work Heritage Statement (CA 2014) Geophysical Survey - (Stratascan 2014) Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Land at Grange Farm, Tongham Surrey GU10 1DJ Study area (M2/ha) 1.9ha Site co-ordinates 488518 148766

PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Nick Truckle (Surrey County Archaeologist) Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology Project Manager Oliver Good Project Supervisor Jeremy Clutterbuck MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content (e.g. pottery, animal bone etc) Indicate the contents of each archive box Physical Surrey Museum Services ceramics, animal bone etc Paper Surrey Museum Services Context sheets, registers Digital Surrey Museum Services Database, digital photos BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2019 Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 770718_1

17 4 488000 4 490000 8 9 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

115000050000

114800048000

Andover 01264 347630 N OXFORDSHIRE Cirencester 01285 771022 T Cotswold Exeter 01392 573970 READING SLOUGH Milton Keynes 01908 564660 London Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 WEST w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk BERKSHIRE e [email protected] WINDSOR AND PROJECT TITLE WOKINGHAM MAIDENHEAD BRACKNELL Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey FOREST SURREY

HAMPSHIRE FIGURE TITLE Site location plan

WEST SUSSEX 0 1km FIGURE NO. CITY OF DRAWN BY GB PROJECT NO. 770718 SOUTHAMPTON © Crown copyright and database rights 2019 CHECKED BY DJB DATE 22/07/2019 Ordnance Survey 0100031673 APPROVED BY JC SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1 N 2 FIGURE NO. 01908 564660 cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 01285 771022 @ 01264 347630 01449 900120 01392 573970 Ordnance Survey 0100031673 Ordnance Survey

www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk 770718 25/07/2019 1:800

enquiries Andover Cirencester Exeter Milton Keynes Suffolk w e 1:800 PROJECT NO. DATE SCALE@A3 Site boundary trench Evaluation Cut feature / non-excavated) (excavated Modern feature Treethrow / non-excavated) (excavated Apple tree Hedge Utility GB DJB JC Cotswold Archaeology 0 40m © Crown copyright and database rights copyright 2019 © Crown PROJECT TITLE Tongham, Land at Grange Farm, Surrey FIGURE TITLE location plan Trench DRAWN BY DRAWN CHECKED BY APPROVED BY

New

Road The Street The

448860088600 3 h 4 c 0 t i 2 B T T4 d ditch 1 1203 1 6 T T1 h T T6 4 G c t 0 D i h 3 4 404 d ditch c 2 t 0 B i 2 203 d ditch T T2 h G 3 c t 0

i A 1 103 d ditch D

e h

l 3 c 2 t 0 i b 3 303 C 1 d ditch

a A T T12 1 h

c 5 c

t 0 1 i 3 305 e

y d ditch l

t T T11 o E i 3 C h t 0

c s

i 5 503 E o r F

t p posthole

l 3 F 5

eelectricity cable t 5 i 0 T T3 p pit 5 505 T T5 8 T T8 d n u b

l i o s soil bund 7 T T7 0 manhole gas main 1

448850088500 T T10 e

a i

r a

1 n

e entrance a gas main main gas gas g T T13 Grange Road Grange 9 T T9 4 1 T T14

448840088400 0 0 0 0 8 7 8 8 4 4 1 148800 1 148700 Section AA

W E 74.1m AOD

110000

110101

110404

dditchitch 110303

01m1:20

Ditch 103, looking north (1m scale)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey

FIGURE TITLE Trench 1: section and photograph

DRAWN BY GB PROJECT NO. 770718 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 25/07/2019 APPROVED BY JC SCALE@A4 1:20 3 Section BB

EW 73.9m AOD 220404

dditchitch 220303

01m1:20

Ditch 203, looking south (0.2m scale)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey

FIGURE TITLE Trench 2: section and photograph

DRAWN BY GB PROJECT NO. 770718 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 25/07/2019 APPROVED BY JC SCALE@A4 1:20 4 Section CC

W E 74.6m AOD

330000

330101

306 dditchitch 305305

330404

dditchitch 303303

01m1:20

Ditch 303, looking north (1m scale)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey

FIGURE TITLE Trench 3: section and photograph

DRAWN BY GB PROJECT NO. 770718 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 25/07/2019 APPROVED BY JC SCALE@A4 1:20 5 Section DD

W E 74.8m AOD 440000

440101

440404

dditchitch 440303

01m1:20

Ditch 403, looking north (1m scale)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey

FIGURE TITLE Trench 4: section and photograph

DRAWN BY GB PROJECT NO. 770718 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 25/07/2019 APPROVED BY JC SCALE@A4 1:20 6 Section EE

WE 74.3m AOD 550404

ppostholeosthole 550303

01m1:20

Posthole 503, looking north (0.2m scale)

Section FF

SENW 74.9m AOD

550000

550101

550606550606 550606

ppitit Andover 01264 347630 550505 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] 01m1:20 PROJECT TITLE Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey

Pit 505, looking west (1m scale) FIGURE TITLE Trench 5: sections and photographs

DRAWN BY GB PROJECT NO. 770718 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 25/07/2019 APPROVED BY JC SCALE@A3 1:20 7 Section GG

SW NE 76.6m AOD

11200200

11201201

11204204

dditchitch 11203203

01m1:20

Ditch 1203, looking north-west (1m scale)

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 573970 Cotswold Milton Keynes 01908 564660 Archaeology Suffolk 01449 900120 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Grange Farm, Tongham, Surrey

FIGURE TITLE Trench 12: section and photograph

DRAWN BY GB PROJECT NO. 770718 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DJB DATE 25/07/2019 APPROVED BY JC SCALE@A4 1:20 8