Land Unit Master

Land Unit Information Sheet

Land system name: Wishaw

Land unit: WW4

General description This land unit represents the eroded slopes that are usually located on the margin of the Wishaw land system. Yellowish-brown Chromosols (texture-contrast profiles) and Kandosols (gradational-textured profiles) with thin topsoils are co-dominant - the Kandosols tend to be shallower and occur on the steeper, more eroded slopes. Mid-high woodlands of Eucalyptus melanophloia (silver-leaved ironbark) and E. crebra (narrow-leaved ironbark) are predominant, and are sometimes accompanied by Corymbia dallachiana (ghost gum), C. setosa (applejack) or C. leichhardtii (rustyjacket). Occurrences of E. shirleyi (Shirley's silver-leaved ironbark) and Melaleuca tamariscina (bush- house paperbark) are limited and usually indicate the presence of shallow, sandy Tenosols (uniform-textured profiles with only a weak horizon development) over bedrock or hardpan. Petalostigma pubescens (quinine tree), Persoonia falcata (geebung), Grevillea striata (beefwood) and Bursaria incana (prickly pine) are common in the substrata and Heteropogon contortus (black spear grass), Chrysopogon fallax (golden beard grass) and Aristida species (wiregrass) are the dominant grasses. Regional ecosystem 10.5.4 is predominant, but small areas of 10.3.6 and 10.7.11are also present.

Site characteristics Landform element Average slope Hillslope 1 - 5% Site drainage Soil permeability Rapidly drained Moderately permeable Flooding risk Inundation risk Nil Nil Potential recharge to groundwater Soil depth Low Moderately deep; 0.5 - 1.0m Present land use Limited grazing

Susceptibility to land degradation processes

Sheet erosion Gully erosion Wind erosion Salting High Moderate Low Low

This information has been generated from the Desert Uplands Land Resource Database. The Environmental Protection Agency accepts no liability for any decisions or actions taken on the basis of this information. State of Queensland. Environmental Protection Agency 2004.

7/12/2005 Land Unit WW4 - page 1 Representative site number: 5537

Soil classification Australian Soil Classification Principle Profile Form CH AC AH AT - B E K M V Dy3.81 - 1/0/025

General soil description A texture-contrast profile with a dark brown, loamy sand topsoil and a bleached A2 horizom overlying a gravelly, brownish-yellow, sandy clay loam.

Soil profile morphology

Horizon Horizon no Depth Description A11 1 0.00 - 0.06 Dark brown (10YR3/3-Moist); Loamy sand; Massive grade of structure; Sandy (grains prominent) fabric; Dry; Weak consistence; Field pH 6 (Raupach, 0.03); Abrupt change to - A12 2 0.06 - 0.15 Brown (10YR4/3-Moist); Loamy sand; Massive grade of structure; Sandy (grains prominent) fabric; Dry; Firm consistence; Field pH 6 (Raupach, 0.1); Clear change to - A2e 3 0.15 - 0.25 Light yellowish brown (10YR6/4-Moist); Clayey sand; Massive grade of structure; Earthy fabric; Dry; Firm consistence; Field pH 6 (Raupach, 0.2); Clear change to - B21 4 0.25 - 0.45 Light yellowish brown (10YR6/4-Moist); Sandy clay loamLight; Massive grade of structure; Earthy fabric; Dry; Firm consistence; 2-10%, fine gravelly, 2-6mm, subrounded, Quartz, coarse fragments; Field pH 6 (Raupach, 0.35); Clear change to - B22 5 0.45 - 0.55 Brownish yellow (10YR6/6-Moist); Clay loam, sandy; Massive grade of structure; Earthy fabric; Dry; Firm consistence; 10-20%, fine gravelly, 2- 6mm, subrounded, Quartz, coarse fragments; Few (2 - 10 %), Ferromanganiferous, Nodules, Medium (2 -6 mm) segregations; Field pH 6.5 (Raupach, 0.5);

7/12/2005 Land Unit WW4 - page 2 Field sites within this land unit (see technical report for original site nos.) Site code Site type Site code Site type 3504 Corveg 5604 Dalrymple 3514 Corveg 5608 Dalrymple 3527 Corveg 5619 Dalrymple 3543 Corveg 5638 Dalrymple 4837 Corveg 5642 Dalrymple 4838 Corveg 4839 Corveg 4840 Corveg 4841 Corveg 4853 Corveg 4854 Corveg 4877 Corveg 4885 Corveg 4888 Corveg 4996 Corveg 5516 Dalrymple 5537 Dalrymple 5575 Dalrymple 5576 Dalrymple 5601 Dalrymple

Summary of plant species within this land unit

Species Common name Acacia cowleana (Acacia oligophleba) Cowley's wattle*, sand wattle Acacia excelsa ironwood*, brigalow, bunkerman, ironwood wattle Acacia galioides - Acacia holosericea soap bush wattle, candelabra wattle Acacia hyaloneura wattle Acacia laccata Acacia lazaridis - Acacia leptostachya slender wattle Acacia shirleyi lancewood* Acacia simsii - Acacia sp. Acacia torulosa Aeschynomene brevifolia Alphitonia excelsa soap bush*, red ash, soaptree, white myrtle Aristida calycina dark wiregrass, branched wiregrass Aristida calycina var. calycina dark wiregrass Aristida holathera var. holathera erect kerosene grass, wiregrass Aristida ingrata wire grass Aristida jerichoensis Jericho wiregrass, blue speargrass, Jericho three-awn, No. 9 wiregrass, Number nine Aristida jerichoensis var. jerichoensis Jericho wiregrass Aristida queenslandica var. - queenslandica Aristida sp. three-awn speargrass*, wiregrass Arundinella nepalensis reedgrass* Boerhavia dominii tarvine*, murra, tah-vine

7/12/2005 Land Unit WW4 - page 3 Species Common name Boronia sp. (Warang R.J.Cumming - 9671) Bothriochloa sp. Bursaria incana hoary blackthorn*, prickly pine*, mock orange Calytrix microcoma desert fringe myrtle, desert heather Canthium oleifolium myrtle tree,* wild lemon Canthium sp. (Charters Towers - T.Stuart TWR116) Capparis canescens wild orange*, pomegranate*, wild pomegranate Carissa lanceolata currant bush*, conkerberry, Australian carissa, boonum bush, burrum bush, conkleberry Carissa ovata currant bush*, blackberry*, kunkerberry*, baroom bush, burrum bush Carissa sp. currant bush Cassytha filiformis dodder laurel*, dodder, love vine Cassytha pubescens downy devil's twine,* strangle vine, dodder-laurel, devil's vine, downy dodder lauren, blackfellow twine, devil's twine, rushy dodder laurel, spilled devil's twine Chamaesyce mitchelliana - Chrysopogon fallax golden beardgrass*, golden-beard grass, ribbon grass Cleistochloa subjuncea zig-zag grass Comesperma pallidum - Corymbia dallachiana ghost gum Corymbia dallachiana (Eucalyptus papuana) Corymbia erythrophloia (Eucalyptus gum-topped bloodwood*, red bloodwood*, variable-barked bloodwood, erythrophloia) red barked bloodwood Corymbia lamprophylla (Eucalyptus shiny-leaf bloodwood lamprophylla) Corymbia leichhardtii rustyjacket*, variable-leaved yellowjacket*, yellowjacket, Leichhardt's jacket Corymbia peltata (Eucalyptus peltata) yellowjacket*, broad-leaved rustyjacket Corymbia plena large fruited bloodwood Corymbia polycarpa (Eucalyptus long-fruited bloodwood* polycarpa) Corymbia setosa (Eucalyptus setosa) rough-leaved bloodwood*, desert bloodwood, rough-leaf bloodwood, applejack, hairy gum Corymbia setosa subsp. pedicellaris - Cymbopogon bombycinus silky-top grass*, silky oilgrass, citronella grass, native lemon grass Cyperus fulvus sticky sedge Dactyloctenium radulans button grass*, coast button grass, eight-day grass, finger grass, small crowsfoot Dampiera adpressa bushy dampiera*, fan flower* Dianella longifolia smooth flax lily, blue flax lily, blueberry lily Distichostemon dodecandrus distichostemon Enneapogon lindleyanus canetop nineawn*, nine-awn grass*, prickly couch*, wiry nineawn, bottlewasher Epaltes australis spreading nutheads* Eragrostis lacunaria purple lovegrass*, lovegrass, neverfail Eragrostis spartinoides lovegrass Eragrostis speciosa handsome lovegrass Eremophila mitchellii sandalbox*, bastard sandalwood*, budda, false sandalwood, sandalwood Eriachne aristidea threeawn grass*, three-awn wanderrie, three-awn wanderrie grass, broad- leaf wanderrie grass Eriachne ciliata -

7/12/2005 Land Unit WW4 - page 4 Species Common name Eriachne mucronata mountain wanderrie grass*, rock grass Eriachne rara - Eriachne sp. Erythroxylum australe cocaine tree*, native cocaine, native cocoa, turkey bush Eucalyptus ammophila sandplain red gum* Eucalyptus brownii Reid River box*, Brown's box* Eucalyptus camaldulensis river red gum*, creek gum, flooded gum, Murray red gum, red gum, river gum Eucalyptus crebra ironbark*, narrow-leaved red ironbark*, narrow-leaf ironbark, red ironbark Eucalyptus drepanophylla grey ironbark*, narrow leafed ironbark, Queensland grey ironbark Eucalyptus exilipes fine-leaved ironbark* Eucalyptus exserta Queensland peppermint*, bendo, messmate, peppermint, yellow messmate Eucalyptus melanophloia silver ironbark*, silver-leaf ironbark, broad-leaf ironbark, silver-leaved ironbark Eucalyptus persistens Normanton box Eucalyptus platyphylla white gum*, poplar gum Eucalyptus shirleyi silver-leaved ironbark*, Shirley's silver-leaf ironbark Eucalyptus similis Queensland yellowjacket*, yellowjacket Eucalyptus sp. - Eucalyptus whitei White's ironbark* Eulalia aurea silky browntop*, browntop, satintop, sugar grass, swamp grass Evolvulus alsinoides tropical speedwell*, baby blue eyes* Fimbristylis dichotoma common fringe-rush*, fimbri sedge*, eight-day grass Fimbristylis sp. finger rush Gastrolobium grandiflorum heart-leaf poison bush*, desert poison bush, Australian poison bush, desert poison, heart-leaf poison, pea-flowered poison bush, wallflower, wallflower poison bush Glycine clandestina twining glycine* Glycine tomentella woolly glycine*, rusty glycine Grevillea decora red grevillea Grevillea glauca bushy's clothes peg*, bushmans clothes peg Grevillea pteridifolia golden parrot tree* Grevillea sessilis - Grevillea striata beefwood* Grewia latifolia dysentery plant*, dog's balls Grewia retusifolia dysentery bush*, dog's balls*, emu berry Hakea lorea corkbark, bootlace, corkwood, witinti, bootlace oak Heteropogon contortus black speargrass*, bunch speargrass*, speargrass Heteropogon triticeus giant speargrass*, sugar grass Indigofera brevidens var. brevidens desert indigo Jacksonia ramosissima - Jasminum didymum native jasmine* Keraudrenia collina - Labichea rupestris Larsenaikia ochreata Leptosema oxylobioides Lithomyrtus microphylla Lomandra longifolia longleaf matrush*, spinyhead matrush*, long matrush, sag, spiny-headed matrush Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora many flowered matrush* Lophostemon grandiflorus -

7/12/2005 Land Unit WW4 - page 5 Species Common name Lysiana subfalcata northern mistletoe Lysicarpus angustifolius budgeroo* Maytenus cunninghamii yellow berry bush* Melaleuca nervosa paperbark teatree, woodland paperbark, fibrebark Melaleuca nervosa subsp. nervosa woodland paperbark, fibrebark, paperbark teatree Melaleuca pallescens (Melaleuca bush house paperbark, desert teatree tamariscina subsp. Pallescens) Melaleuca tamariscina - Melaleuca tamariscina (Melaleuca tamariscina subsp. tamariscina) Melaleuca uncinata broom honey-myrtle*, broombush, black broom, broom honey myrtle, dyurr, mallee broombush, yangarra, youngie bush, tea-tree Melaleuca viridiflora broad-leaved ti-tree*, paperbark ti-tree*, broad-leaf teatree, broad-leaf paperbark Melinis repens (Rhynchelytrum repens) red natal grass*, natal grass, natal redtop (1,5) Mirbelia aotoides - Mirbelia viminalis Oldenlandia mitrasacmoides Oxalis perennans native oxalis Panicum effusum (Panicum effusum hairy panic*, branched panic, diffuse panic, effuse panic, poison panic, var. effusum) two-colour panic Perotis rara comet grass*, pyramid grass Persoonia falcata milky plum, wild pear, geebung Petalostigma banksii smooth-leaved quinine Petalostigma pubescens quinine tree*, bitterbark, native quince, quinine berry, quinine bush Platysace valida - Polycarpaea corymbosa Polygala linariifolia native milkwort* Pseudanthus pimeleoides - Pterocaulon redolens ragweed Pterocaulon sphacelatum applebush*, ragwort, fruit-salad plant Santalum lanceolatum plum bush*, sandalwood*, wild plum*, cherry bush, native plumbush, northern sandalwood, plumwood, true sandalwood, bush plum Schizachyrium fragile firegrass*, red spathe grass, small redleaf Schoenus kennyi - Setaria surgens pigeon grass, annual setaria Sida rohlenae shrub sida Sida sp. - Solanum ellipticum potato bush*, hillside flannel bush, potato weed, tomato bush, velvet nightshade, velvet potato bush, wild gooseberry Spermacoce brachystema buttonweed, borreria Sporobolus caroli fairy grass*, yakka grass*, pretty sporobolus, small pepper grass Tephrosia filipes - Themeda triandra kangaroo grass*, red oatgrass Thryptomene parviflora - Triodia mitchellii buck spinifex*, spinifex, soft spinifex Triodia pungens soft spinifex, gummy spinifex, spinifex Triodia sp. spinifex Uraria lagopodioides - Waltheria indica waltheria Wedelia spilanthoides creeping sunflower*

7/12/2005 Land Unit WW4 - page 6 Species Common name Xyris complanata yellow-eye* Zornia muriculata zornia*

1. Introduced plant 2. Consider for protection 3. Pending registration 4. Rare plant 5. Environmental weed 6. Endangered plant 7. Vulnerable plant 8. Agricultural pest * Wildnet preferred common name; Species in brackets refer to previously known name

Special features Implications for land use Ironbark woodlands support a very high number of animal Dense pastures and a good ground cover of litter are species, including many of conservation significance. necessary to maintain an open seedbed with good infiltration They have a higher proportion of terrestrial mammals and characteristics. reptiles than the box country, but are similarly significant Runoff, and the risk of soil erosion, increases if the protective for woodland bird species. ground cover or tree vegetation are removed. This unit is characterised by a wide variety of plant Maintaining a high density of the perennial grasses not only species at ground level and mid-strata level under the ensures a rapid response to rain and optimum grass open canopy of ironbark. production, but the dense pasture holds the rain where it falls and allows time for infiltration. If pastures are overgrazed the more palatable, nutritious species are removed, allowing the less desirable species such as neverfail, wiregrass and currant bush to take over, resulting in lower productivity and a loss of biodiversity. A shallow hardpan (less than 0.5 metres) within the soil profile impedes rooting depth and restricts the amount of moisture that can be stored in the soil, however, on the positive side, a hardpan at 1.5 - 2.0 metres depth prevents the percolation of rainfall beyond the root zone. This land unit is included in Land Management Unit 9.

7/12/2005 Land Unit WW4 - page 7