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1 Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) 2 International Open Source Network 3 http :// www .iosn .net /foss /foss -general -primer /foss_primer_current .pdf

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1 http://www.bmwa.bund.de/Redaktion/Inhalte/Pdf/M -O/open -source - software,property=pdf,bereich=,rwb=true.pdf 2 www.persianacademy.ir

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1 Download 2 GNU /Linux 3 Solaris 4 Servers

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1 www.projects.farsilinux.org

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1 Free 2 Proprietary 3 Source Code

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1 Non -Disclosure Agreement 2 Bill (William Hennry) Gates

( Y o 9 A CA * A 0 # $ Q hobbyist , lr " r $ # _ , . A w $ œ , r $" ' . A` $ BA .[ …] "# = b $ ` , Cr r 9 r #"9 * A , ># …O 9 „O FOSS tZB: K % : A . A ” ( MIT 9 *X $v r ,$Xr , ! ) A X- C v/A ’- * # r . B , K %+ vAsA $ $"9 y_r * A \ % : A š ’- n # A , $ C Z r . , $ 8 Z+ % : A A $ C t 9 r $ r . B ` 0 ,r *r $!Y 9 $ .[ W] 0 $ $!Y 9 r sBA 0 $ $% * *Z: $b ; CA w œ , WO Kˆ9 9 …O 9 $ r, ,MIT C v/ $-B; [ C v/A WO Kˆ9 .r #` K+ * ) - # r r r, A . A I# + y#"Z# w œ , {B ,r, A x#++ A . r >- $b ; (LISP $ A ]A u- A \ # –r ) C, ]A C v/ * r ) .[ ‰] A 9 OSI 5 9 FSF 1 tZ B: $ A & K#" ( MIT ) _ 9 qB 2" •A E‰WJ AD ( # Is#A B $ / N!Y ) ( GNU ) 4 B yA ,: k&9 P Is#A #Z, K r K - yA ]A * s , A . r $'? ]A 9 $' ? K r o# yA 9 r AB_ -] A . r $ ., $ K , " B vAsA * '? 9 ] s , r A " ^ A r % " . A $ * A ` * r k! A r . ! A ” $ yA ,B e? - . 8 A 9 ##j+ ,tA kZB r * 9 " s!+ A . Br C ! * A9 *9 9 I0 r . C, #v#` Y 9 + E‰WF 8 ( FSF ) #B ts! * C ! r r A9+ GPL p ^9% B $- ] " •A A .Br #’+ Pr K - ]A P š: yA B E‰‰E 8 + 8 ' A 9"9 + @B#" E‰‰E . ( K - xX\ )"K - V ": ,

1 Free Software Foundation 2 Open Source Initiative 3 Richard Stallman 4 GNU s Not Unix 5 GNU General Public License 6 Kernel

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1 Eric Raymond 2 Open source 3 www.opensource.org 4 International Data Corporation

* r $ . •Y, # * 9 yA r C $ • . A •, t#` kZB . , A o+ C ! 8 l *B- $ Zi h' 9 Br$ $X+ $\> #” #” ! X FSF . :9 vAsA BA . N" Y # $Br $b - $ r r , $ ] kA * B_ 9 A 9 BBr$ ^? * =} s, 9 .[ H] , $ C =#' ,, B, , ! X A . #r + #!#0 9 * B#? K \ ,B+ \ yA #"+ OSI ! X g ! X 9 A $Xb C A _ . #0 + $\> Kˆ /# $X- A 9 $b ; X , #+ #| $X- Kˆ B# 9 $"9 Br$ 9 tZB: A tZB: wv #B " •A . B>r P ] . $ #: yA Q' 9 s/ * A # r Br P#|B+ ? v` _ _ 9 qB $ 9 : A * . BBr A $ #` sZ, 9 * s ,v` _ w” r *r# = b $ ' * A , $ \ * r # * kZB r ,v` _ A: ;Y, + , _ " . BA r #B_ C- B + $ @ r ) > r yA + P; 9 r A . Br $'? Ka/ A k .A ]A ( \ * v x#++ A . " B # vA /# tA#` š /B A , Cr [>+ * K' 9 , •Y/ Ks/ yA CB %+ 0 . / B * kZB r Kr C * 9 , A: r $" s, . B$ \ tA 9 C ! * # ,, $ A r A: e? r A A , $ ^? * BBr tA hA? A 8 s, A ,, CA _ A B . ` $ =} s, k ,Br$ A * BBrtA r $A , . $ /# ,=} s, A * s *# * ,, /# B\>- * r %+ r A A K#" . * } #!#r , P = #b; $sA \ $ * BBrtA 9 * r o+ , $A Y / KZ\

+ xZ B/#` A . $ ˆ * _ e>b % B/#` 9 #$ ., +r $!#0 $A 8; $ # C + , $ hA? A 9 $ P %+ 9 ##j+ * s kZB r * . r NX Y C' *+ $ r , $ ]A $!X Y r #X \ 9 * #! , * 0 9 *B\>- 9 v A ZB: . $ } 0 % : # * h#Z‡+ f1% =e FOSS - * A C9 CD9` yA B+ $ ,:9 A . #$ C- $;;Y+ C' 9 C Z" \ 9 Xs+9` , A - , s •, . B, , r / .B $ K#s/+ %+ @ r #i•+ . , $ Q * B %+ # , r C9 A’- A ##j+ C r B 0 C9 ’- xX” 9 NX Y $A 8; * .#$ P#;+ 8; ] $'? f M # 4 ; =e FOSS q? 8 Z+ *# , r / * A A %+ /# ’ ,$A CD9` #B_ r _ ,, P#|B+ CD9` A # :+ . C‘A9 # # BA Q 8 ;+ yA 9 # = ->q? , =9 ! Y 9 : 9 h ‡+ # r $A CD9` kA 9 ‹ Y $ \9 ,B# A . B, $ % A B # ., $ $B# t#` * $A} nBA ,A $ * # hA? B+ 9 BBr$ $ # NX Y • ,‹ CD9` yA * A xX” vAsA $b; Ks, A sBA . • Z+ CD9` 9 vAaA BA | A $A A ,BA e? A: CA 9 Cr = \> . 0, $" A ' B # r A r ,, . BBr$ A ' FOSS CD9` % KA} 9 0, $ ,* yr r GNU Privacy Guards CD9` * " 9 qB 9 ; \ = 9 8 l *B- . Br $ A ' , $ 8 9 BA /# #B ( E-mail ) y#9 s" ` hA? A r _ . B FOSS CD9` * # ' ,BBr$ C ! FOSS r $A 0, BC Xb ' /#` r A P 9 BBr$ $ \ * A $- P 9 Cr Y FOSS * A RedHat A SUSE B $A 0, . $

#, r - $/Y r B $ C : * Br r # vA 0, ‹ 0, ‰O 9 K- .B 6 ; / CD9` % : *+ FOSS : C ! . B #` FOSS * w A *+ $ *B- 0 BB0$ C ! ]+ %+ : SAP MySQL 0, ,OpenOffice .org -] SUN 0, A ' # IBM w A 9 MaxDB 9 MySQL $ + ->q? a hA ? / * A b HH K\' C, ] = %" ‡ hZ? .0 C , .[‰W ], $ $" A ' $b ; 0, FOSS $%6 = n\n\n[ A . , $X- BA z 0 ;B v" FOSS %+ v" , $ C ! 9 1 #Xr v" %+ $ B ,9 FOSS %+ v" .[ J] *BB $9 r #Z, #X0 [9 $ B [9 %+ % 9 , $ •Y/ 9 yA #_ 9 r $ $'? ' $ B ? # . , $ C ##j+ vA •}% #Xr *, * , r sBA + BBr$ r h#\ AA * A $9 –, $ #"+ [9 # vA yA *, &- % 9 w $ # I< . K#s+ .#$ = b * $ = '>b = * =— *r , #b r #Z, # FOSS %+ v" K yA r }% * – $ C r 9 x r 9 BA $ r C + ]+ : oA, :+ CBA =##j+ . B, , * C $A + r BBr$ ” $X\' . , $ ” $b *9 # FOSS %+ ,$ / ? . $ 8 - @ 9 w $ - # C yA * A . BBr ” r * @ r B+ $ # vA * A . BBr$ e>b $ A K s+ 9 ? 9 , $ ]A -] 9 K r yA * 9 9 0 &- [ ] 9 " $B% " Release early , Release often " v" A %, . A $ . " r &- = % : C A A = Cr = Zi v" r C 9 t r ([ * A ,* r r kA+ 9 e>b C : * 9 vB 9 &- / 9 r, EO ! F sBA : . BBr C ! $XZ\ r B+ $ .BBr r $A r * yA 9 ! FO r $ * s A FOSS ,BBr r *vA r * a (d

1 Cathaderal

## @ FOSS # . A $ t r kZB r * @ %+ = r $ ' . B | ]# %A + , $ , : * A $ CA * %" ‡ •}% ,r C ! r yA # * . $ #!#r 8 Br(\ r 9 # r 9 , , :9 ' IA $ r C *+ $ $b ; .[ F] , $ ^? 9 N/r +9 =} s, ,BBr %" ‡ . BBr [ 8 s, yA $: Pˆ>- B+ $ o * r $"9 r [ =} s, $ ' 9 BBr ##%+ r # 8 s, K #\ B+ $ * A FOSS 8 Br C, ^b * " A . BBr >- *vA 9 #+ # k C . $ +} # * \ 9 $ t r #!#r v BA t r (V + P #+ BA = xX” + $ yA v 9 A BA Br $ Z# /` 9 v $A B+ r, yA A B –9 * * # $ Z# /` 9 v BA ,FOSS %+ v" .[ „] , . $ P# + C" IA 9 r

#$ ' ]R Q W&$ ' FOSS K&' ]&b 9 $ #r $ : ,@9A9 , w9 x+ ,tZB: : , $ g>? $!X Y Q " FOSS " : , $ PX\ C * C s yA . BA e9 9 xX\ $ ' %+ 8 ' /r $ %Bb # =9i 8 i # X#9 yA NX Y k: FOSS aA9 NX Y KA} $ K; A ." [EG ] , $ .PA` $ * xA % 9 A * # f1 % QY=& FOSS & n [nd + ;+ A . * vA /# r A FOSS C oX” ;+ A+ ŠA $sA $jXZ * C ! $%\9 FOSS yA Y ž# 9 ' RedHat ) I0B#"/B K - %A + C‘A9 FOSS lr . Br$ A $ ' . r A BA * vA ? *+ $ ( C#” 9 Debian , SUSE , $b ; BA r # BA A ,, A BA P . BA A sX , # yA $ ` BA B+ ] BA 8 ' A r BA A . r & * # $ Z# /` 9 [ , Y # ,* B0 0 - b *# œ #% A ,, $ g>? ( TCO ) 1#s" $Xr BA xX” .[ G], $ FOSS # s $, #A: f+ " e FOSS #: #&E ; n[n[nd . C, / B FOSS # s $, !vB $A: b B# $A , # =: IrB#" r C $ 0, , A $A: b IrB#" Is#A ŸA%+ } *#X# GOO K BA . C } *#X# E… C A 9 r KAZ+ IrB#" + # *9 r, . r Charles Schwab , Goldman Sachs , B $" # . [EH ] $A: b C- \ Morgan Stanly , Credit Suisse First Boston .[ EJ ] $A: b A + Cr KA Z+ IrB#" . C, ] $b ; 9 FOSS BA A B# %" ‡ B _ 9 v BA K#Z\ ] BA #” $!X Y K- = %" ‡ A , A lr . | = k‡\ $, BA 9 * B0 0 [ ,$ Z# /` . C, C •#Y/+ $b ; FOSS 9' IrB#"/B BA r * / ,I = C9 o+ C, ] %" ‡ IA } K - BA b EJ 9 9s# 9BA9 BA b JO 8 % .[EF ], $ SUN r,

1 Total Cost of Ownership

#% 9BA9 b HF B+ IrB#"/B #s" $Xr BA r Cr [ Net project ] BA $, o $A: b A r A x" : s . [E„ ] 9s# 9 š + 9 $ Z# /` BA 9 * B0 0 t r K#Z\ vA K- sX CZ . C, | # Y K!\ B s#` yA IrB#"/B C ! BA r >- $, B+ .[ E…] 9s# 9BA9 r b EF ( B s#` ##j+ *9 ) C, BA IrB#"/B # s r >- # $" AA r, A ,žB#" KA $A: b A /# r A %" ‡ A x" : a . $ t r $:+ K \ ? .[ EW] ] + C Y 9 * B0 0 BA $, SJ r& n P ,&E ; =}; A @ FOSS $A: b $X#X+ Cybersource $A #" r , IrB#"" %" ‡ A .[ E‰ ] Cr ˆ $A r * FOSS 9 9s# C 9 r stt B , r ^a A ) $& r, $A: b 1" >r 9BA9 K .B sA } x ' - . Br$ $ ( r d^a

4bR 4bR +& Q 8 18: g8+ #;R } WO } W…,‰WW FO A } WO } EH„,…HJ EOO B } WO } GWG,‰…J GFO C

* _ A B –, $ /# * r tA #A: b A r #Br :+ r, C tA FOSS =: C#v ]# . /# #A: b , . , $ A A BA /# #_ 9 C > r Cybersource %" ‡ Z" . C, r FO FOSS 9 9s# #\ A 89: . #$ | #;R +&Y (b ) +& #u8 $6 GJ‰W FO Norton Antivirus 2002 O G MS Internet Information Server E‰,‰‰F F MS Windows 2000 Adv . Server EG,HHH E MS Commerce Server

1 Linux vs. Windows : The Botomn Line

#& EJ‰‰ E MS ISA Server 2000 J,‰‰‰ E MS SQLSERVER 2000 E,G‰‰ E MS Exchange Stand ard Server 2000 EJ,‰FO FO Windows XP Professional H,GJ H MS Visual Studio 6.0 GH,‰FO FO MS Office standard . E,GEW G Adobe Photoshop 6 G,OEO HO $ $ & ] Uc,`UU I E

FOSS +&Y +& #u8 $6 (b ) WO E ( RedHat •>l) IrB#" %A+ $sA O $_ ` Q9 O Squid $ r9` O PostgreSQL = ->q? y O iptables t+ A O Sendmail /Postfix $s#9 s" ` O Kdevelop $ A o9 O GIMP y# O OpenOffice .org O OSCommerce O O $ $ & ] Ua I E

* r %+ tA IrB#"/B BA r 9& s A r— r $" ' . B # * r %+ 9 IrB#"/B ] A – $ i $ "9 . , ` A $ & BA r $b ; ,8 l *B- . /# $A: b B% A 9 /# * r %+ }% # œ "9 C #Y+ } #X# yA 9' $A: b A ˆ "9 .[ GO] } #X# E/E Y+ 9 F o KA "9 9 } *#X# …HO + HWO f1e FOSS Y& n dnd A k\9 r 89 K; * NA%+ C, Kb $, FOSS A . Ks, * @

#' kZB 0 r $A ] :, H6 @" ' I(+ 8 : • 9 ` CY" e>b 9 ##j+ + $ Ir :9 = b o+ $ #B =} s, 9 •\ . ^? tA $;Y, # yA r . :9 k * s 9 C, •Y/ # * A . ] A - 9 $A B+ + $ r, r :I(+ 8 ' <: S 0 4 H6 ' 407m5 S @" • ˆ #!#r hA? A . 8 * 9 C ##j+ kZB r + $ . A $ tA A . * v FOSS C ! : s/ #B• * %+ 9 ]A s K#" FOSS , $ CA vA r, yA ” BBr z9, r $9 . A $ 9 # 9 !B r, yA .B * B+ $ vA C9 . t,` $%#9 C' FOSS B r A *+ $ = r ? # . B + b ]+ =}; A C9>- $ BA = , C C vA ` , r + C #B * r 9 = ( ]+ 9 $b; ) # 9 * r . :9 I0B#"/B . $ C $A} h ‡+ #X \ 9 : K \ A 9 FOSS r $A ] C ! . , $ 9 6 Y r % Y . $ s vA Y 9 8 9 h ‡+ : A X: K - Z\ 9 v * * A BA hA? B+ $ xX” . $+ o 9 y_r 0, $9 + # 0, A C9>- . , x; 9 # A 9 * B0 0 BA t r r A r $A . B K#s/+ * ;;Y . C r, R * 9 / *+ $ # vB 9 $ ]B * $ 9 9 ##j+ ,C ! vB FOSS ] • - ` - 9 : 0, ‹ $ A FOSS K - C‘A9 GOOO 8 • A =>s/ *r ^? NX Y 0, C A . B+ # / * BBrkA+ . r $A: b } *#X# 9 B _ C/ '" = b #ls+ • BA A .r B CB B vA x#r+ + $ # 9 ] r :9 *+ $ 8 l *B- . ^? # =>s/ ]+ C ! * +$ #B• .r C ! 9BA9 9 $ ' ( Q9) $_ `

#( *B- 9BA9 A 9 nsZ, yA IrB#" yA 1 Z .r C ! ( 9X/2000 /XP 9BA9 ) c _ A C * B %+ ‹ % : r $A A : Z yA , / B E‰‰… 8 A r A 2.0.1 Y : $ ˆ BA Z 2.0.2 Y 9 A ^? - B_ - A A . $ A . \ * v # vA KA} ,FOSS r BA | ^b g C, 0— A :+ : :9 $ "9 9 $b; /Y FOSS # s $X #B Xƒ )N" #B )Q A ` 9 * B#? ) R CB,9 8> 9 ) = 9 $v 9 t r )C /r K %+ #d tA )9 $ : = ]+ * = " 9 B% #s" h' , ) $ * s )e #/ 1+ /w n[ndnd 9 A $ =: NX Y /0 9 FOSS # = ->q? % : .A *# ^ A #X0 _ 0 9 #P#;+ #X0 * 0 = ->q? % : .A *B- C 0 $A . ,9 > 0 , , $ ] $ + ->q? @ = #X0 k B # 9 8 B0 + $ | ZB: $ + #B 9 8> 0 /0 $ #B # * a 0 $: 0, $Xb $ /0 $ A , , @X $"9 C 8 l *B- . < , :9 $ . 9 C9 $ * C ! *9 9 $ Q ' = 9& g :9 • = b , $: /0 .A hX% *A g 8 B0 9 # + k B oA, * $v 9 :+ C9 $"9 . $ : $b $X Ka/ , /0 * Ka/ 9 * 8 B0 9 #"+ 0 Aw` $ $#X K- ž # 9 qB A $- : $ NX Y * 0 *9 0 P#B0 :+ 0 , $ ,9 $ \9 g x" ‡ # ., Z * /0 # . Y # # $ | 9 ; \ $ # #B = ->q? #B @s% $B , B kZB 0 }% $b ; sBA K#" # Br$ r v _ #\ yA sBA *# w" . a #” ZA+ 9 ,

1 Samba

#) CBBrX' yA X r , $A C!' A $ B` C :9 . , $ Ks/ - $ 9 A+ * : u- B0 —! * $ r $ C : 9 C NSA Key 1 %\9 *, ^9% % 6; $ˆ sA#” "9 C A . , $ $XX- $sA - $ A . C : 9s# A, - $ vA "9 *9 :+ KA} $aA #B• .BBr$ C ! FOSS $B#_ r *A + $" ' {B: 0 % #_ "9 . , $ z& # # FOSS .0 C ! #_ #X- $ : $B#_ 9BA9 aA 1+ ndndnd ,%+ [9 *_ $X- $"9 :9 , b EOO r $X - A _ * —! ]# 9 wv #B $A #i•+ + $ ^ 9 % $b ; FOSS $ #B | r A $BZ $XA} .BBr Xs/ : :9 + ,#B 9s# IIS N#%& :+ Br$ #b+ B+ C9 #X# E/G ,GOOE }: $A sA 0, . r C ! vA Q9 A Apache .[ GE ]r IIS • Code Red 8 s, k ^b } = b J.S Wurzler Underwriting *A r, o+ r s K # BA . Is#A A IrB#"/B /# b EF 9BA9 BA ,#$ /# # 9BA9 $, & 8 ' PA, : " : BA $ r, *A C ! / K - r $A A r A x" : s .[ GG ] " .B, $ + A I Love You A Melissa X: 9A9 /# K BBr$ – 9 9 FOSS X' C $ "9 # C, u- #B "• 9 P# #” + #" 9 œ * , u- $ #B #v *B- .[ GH ]B =: IrB#" * " : = 9 —! *+ vAaA A • Z+ * a 9 # Œ‡ A aZ, [ Aw` x# A N%& ‡ :9 . C P # : A #B @ A . $ \ #: # + @ 9 + ŠA —! C K - . , $ Q A aZ, 9 = ->q? #B !" A+ P "B K - k! $a#9 a" $ : * a : Xƒ C A 8 ;+ 9 = ? Z+ :9 9 qB $B | . $ e‡ P0 ' $ # = \ 9 K - *

NSAKEY Microsoft Windows /0 1* 2 ,3 '()* + , -. " & " NSA $% & " . !" %2 82 2 9 8 : " NSA 7 ,32 + . ,34 /!5 " 6" . !;2 8!< " =4 "

#* $a#9 a" 8 ;+ .A K ^? o# : * a C Ka, $X% . C 9 P : KA— e, ; $ #B =>a/ $/Y Xƒ A $:+ $ = b B, B, • = -> q? $%‡ A $]A + $/09 • C ZaA A $]A + C, A $ • A @9A9 • A " B0 • A aZ, = ? Z+ #X0 *0 K Y • @ ' oX” = ->q? $BAvA : • P#;+ * Z# /` C‘A9 0 *0 K Y • 9 $" a = ->q? *0 Q A ##j+ hA? ; \ 8> ]A • Z - $ | 9 xA A xAY+ hA? $ | X%" Ia- *0 K Y • . : # #B Xƒ , /0 $Xb K - 9BA9 K - : X- FOSS $ #B Q u- FOSS kZB r * @ :I(+ 8 Q *% • r A KZ\ 9 C0 N/r Aw` x# • * r 9 * A , $ # tY FOSS AAw` x# lr . BBr ^? ), C ! š š sBA KZ\ k\9 9 , $ FOSS C Q9 18 a, . $ k 9 $- >- , C ! P|- \ ! *+ $ =¡: :Q +3 8 . 1+ 8 6 • : FOSS r K#" # 9 [ GH ] , $ C FOSS o+ BA $ #X \ sBA KZ\ •}% . Cr r+ * \ /# ,C ! $ ' #B I< –, $ | $ #B Kˆ ,, C9 FOSS yA . , $ C9 #X \ A , , $+ B v" 9 sZ, ,* C r B_ @ xX” FOSS :#p&6 2& • * * . \ # $ #B r X- # . C, B Is#A # ˆ ' # $Xˆ #B_ ,r $ C ! \ yA r AB_ r K#" # .Br K Y + $ r yA $ N#%& #B . . P0 # * Aw` x# r

1 Bug tracking

#+ Y&3 ' Q+ 5 n\ndnd IrB#" C A . / A ` 9 * B#? FOSS . C #" % ] C 9 v # *9 " r : : = b B# A # $A %" ‡ " r , IrB#" # EF tA yA Zdnet ,E‰‰‰ 8 • 9 , : * sA 9 . 0 : NT 9BA9 9 ( Openlinux ) $"9 , $ N\ C t, NT.B , C- v` _ 9 KA $ = !#d9 .[ GJ ] / K Y C EF = FOSS yA ž# yA 9 ]+ ! 9 $+9 ! /A r #vB * yA • IrB#"/B r A Kb ' ]# ,(E‰‰F ) , ] IrB#"/B % 8 yA . B , ‡ b GH ]+ r $" ' B , ‡ b ‰ K $"9 C, ^? IrB#"/B =>s/ + r * / vA %" ‡ .[ E] C $\ C Y ]+ =>a/ f1e FOSS &3 ' 4(G i/ 0 ] 9 =} s, hA? A . BBr$ tA r * A 9 * '? # • :9 r ##j+ * s r ] . $ •Y/ %A # $ #B > z>? * A vA ^? ., $ ^? r * =} s, 0 ˆ #$ \ * vA $ A 9 =9 ’\ % 0 0 z& A 0 0 *0 * B` $ ž# 9 BB0$ /# \ FOSS % : , $ Zi kZB 0 P *_ C9 >- . :9 C, , :9 + $ 0 * *0 $, ! Y $ ' 9 $+ + * a ., , B + $ CD9` yA * A X#9 A . :9 Code -Audit : * s • peer - *B- z& A .BBr tA * A vA C9 r $ A ]+ o 0 $ * / ., $ C # review 8 EO ) C, Q Y $ ;+ ? h#+ .A 0 ) FOSS * A .[ WO ] *r ^? C # 9 B+9 Y r :9 # CZ * 9 / • C9 1$ ` *+ $ $ ' ar A . BA $ yr =} s, C- =}; $ Z# /` r $A 0, # = b $ ' 9 5 Z .r A -

1 Mailing lists 2 Newsgroups

$, 9 *>- 9 =} s, s :9 X- % : • 8 =} s, [ B+ $ * r $ K \ 8 s, $ A *>- 8 l *B- ) , kX‡ * - K' C :9 = b 9 BBr .( 1>A >A 8 s, $ A 9 . $/A Y 9 ( $A ) A ` Y xX” • $" ' . A ` r 9 9 C, tA r B $A = Zi Y .B %+ X' B $/A Y r 9 FOSS C, K 0 9 * , , KZ\ $ A b B- 9 Y 0 C ! • : $\> [ .A *B- $9 0 9 # a :+ #B• * B#? 9 = Zi , #!#0 tA u- , ]+ o# QY \ ., $ FOSS #"+ <+:' S7% ' % nVndnd CB,9 Q Y 9 ŸA%+ 9 Aw` ^ ‡% , C ! * r $b ; 0 $" ' A . $ # * r # . Br$ Z] CB,9 yA 5Is#!BA $XX" # o+ 0 " = %" ‡ 9 : FOSS " " * B A . BBr$ u "9 $b ; # r #X- C, #+ BX $b ; C #` !" Y l A+ $Xb $sA ....." : BA $ \ . Br$ 9 A * B,9 "9 r A $ "9 tY ". r A - + A _ , 9#` $b; , 9 .BBr$ 9#` /# r A FOSS A vA $sA : :9 A $ X- 9 @s% $B * s kZB r yr :I(+ 8 Q *% • 0 A :+ . :9 /# yA o+ C, s A B . , C, s .A kZB r s #” FOSS $b ; • yA *r $!Y 9 + Ks/ # $b ; 9 @s% $B ] . s . s #” $ $ ' HTML *• C, B, $ \9 : ' % 1$(6 • + FOSS CD9` :9 ,Br$ ##%+ Q9 = !b tA C r FOSS CD9` yA r >A Q9 9 . BBr$ r A – Word Wide Web # Br , $ > r ,

1 http://bugzilla.mozilla.org 2 Infonomics

$# 9 A+ $sA >A r Br$ C , Webstandards .org C Q9 . #$ =•/ * %+ {B #%Z+ .[ G„ ] 9 : #B• FOSS . ^- A s 9 w œ , {B A C, tY` # • + r * A $9 *r r ,{B A . $ Aw` * s A ‡9 hA/+ # NX Y : CB,9 8> $ *B- FOSS C ! # s r C A *B- C, #+ # A "9 [ ! r $, . C, C ! "9 r Br$ #b+ 9 , $ %A C ! u- .[ GH ], , | : ? 4 ' #= ' ZY8 n^ndnd 6 ; * : $s_r tY o * : $b ; %Bb $ tY BM AIX, HP AIX, (IBM -UX, B ) K - C, B aA r $A 0, . A K0 $-B * : K0 C vA ` B ]+ 9 C 0 9BA9 Microsoft A /r vA /r ] A = 9 |B A : . #"+ /0 aA BBr$ ] A A %+ r r %+ 6 A /r $ A ] 8 ' /r $" ; ) #v vA $ # k : + : k r # A $ BA $+ b K#+ ( vA $ ,B 0$ %+ %Bb %+ K ^b %Bb * ., $X B /0 C ! * 9 r 9 YZ, * ? C ! r ]BA ] :9 yA , $ FOSS C !b $ ' A K\' K\' A A $ ' A R9 $A B+ !b + – BA $ * #A `9 *B- *B- C ! /0 B# #A `9 #X: $#|- [ .B0$ 9 * vA * vA . \ A :+ 9 C FOSS Y r C ‡ ‡9 C ! : $A: ; \ }% = C, FOSS b BA _ 0, = C ! , 9 B = # $ "9 $ #X 0, ^b _ $ B $Z # z& A z& #i + $ Zl ˆ 9# 9 [ 9` B# . = Y , $ C ! ‡9 r w r $X 9 ‡9 } C ! A * * # . C BA A ,$ vA %!B 9 9 , %!B yA vA * $ /r $ /r $ A: b FOSS $ $9 yr /r * $X %Bb /#` r , r /#` %Bb $X * yr /r $9 A .Br$ $ BA r C, C , Is#!BA " Is#!BA C , ^b C, C, r FOSS BA s# t r u- A 9 # = BA /# #_ /# BA = # 9 A u- w tA t r A , s# , ; \ , A 9 + #" $, 9 $X 9 $, + #" 9 A , ; \ .[ GH ], 2 8 ] #& 1x Z& 1x #& ] 28 n_ndnd #> r C, Y C9 •Y/ % C, ‡ $# r , , #\> : X- Is#!BA vA [ vA Is#!BA $ A A X- . [9 FOSS :[ * # G… ]Br$ A 9 #j r ##j+ 9 I kA+ 8 Š A9+ FOSS :FOSS '' • +9 # # $b ; $b ; # " # +9 @ . Br$ $ kZB r $ 9 o A9 A A9 o 9 $ r h' sX kZB . , ] –, $

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1 World Trade Organization

$% h' A ' 0 $%: C ! , C9>- ., B $XX" # . % : $\> K ˆ * w ` A $;Y/ * \ B% #a" % #Y nUndnd g>? {B 9 * | /r A #' yA 8; yA *r $ * A $ FOSS %#Z? * r $A h $sA $ .[ HO ], $ yA ;B # r B ##j+ * B_ FOSS B+ $ * r . , $ $A + $ r r A . , * ; \ C | ^b $vB #' C, $ Y yA B + , : #' A #Br , /v C- $B $ r C, $ yA _ . Br ]A FOSS y_r ‰W 9BA9 BX A Y #"+ 9s# E‰‰W 8 . Aw` * s $"9 # = b + $ 9s# P#;+ B , :9 FOSS –r !" Y 9 # #' FOSS #"9 CD9` lr .[ HE ] wv #i + /r A %Bb : $ B# /# = #ˆ: . B $ Kˆ # $- @ #\ . C B A " $ : 9 $ " K; f1e FOSS ,$! X n \nd A . C $+>s/ 9 C $A !%& FOSS , C, r— A + :9 Y $ Z# /` 9 #9 A C ! /# =>s/ $9 A FOSS sBA w" . K - 9 C' + , $ CA . Z 9 e>b # B# $ 9 # C ! K \ : + # Y8 ( 8 A /Y B ,[WE ] : 8 ' FOSS CD9` EO FWOO /# C9 _ @ ' /# = ]+ # Zr A . $ Š K r = s 8; yA Z 0, o+ r IrB#" (ERP ) 1"r, k B A " 8 . , $ $"9 – [HG ] C t,` ‹ 0, # , = b # PeopleSoft 9 SAP C9>- . :9 C, K 0 / B o 9 y_r 0, AA , ' FOSS # $X r 8 % ž# & ' 8 ' :9 $- C' $ 9 /#` 9 % A ‹ CD9` . Kˆ P 9 $B B P r Z0 Ks/ A :9 KA} $sA lr .B, kX‡ FOSS %+ A 9 B, , ? ' ]+ 9 ' : ‡# ,Q9 ]A CD9` B – $B +— FOSS CD9` Br$ ' =>s/ = IA yA . $ A 9 . # ' yA , ]+ $;;Y+ t vA ^? 9

1 Enterprise Resource planning

$& #;R % 407m5 S (6 1/- $r ( #9 ) $;Y, A B# 6; FOSS $b ; !vB BA r $A 0, . $b ; . * # -] FOSS *9 , Cr ` 9 $ Ks/ vA X'C # r r B * B_ - $b ; r * B• * ,w . A $ C, r— BA A FOSS = ->q? 8 Z+ #X \ Ks/ ,BBr$ = : $b ; ., r $b ; $A X# Koffice 9 OpenOffice B ( Office ) 8 l *B- 9s# r ) B *+ $ X# A yr . # , C#— 9s# C 1x" \ C 9 * x\ % 9 ) C, ]A ., $ ] * B#? *9 9 9 Ks, $B B R9 9 9 9 $ Z" *+ $ } * o# h#Z‡+ #X \ r ] r $A 0, 9 = *A 8 ' . r : sZ, k 9 BA A BBr C ! ]+ =}; : | .B, , | ' 9 t#` Y% + $b ; Z 0 B ` r9 =B FOSS ŠA C A . * B ` r + C $A r FOSS * A #"9 r+ .[ HH ] B . * C ! $ ' Br r Q r #"+ 0 C ! # FOSS $s# ‡9 ,C ! K \ =B Zr ,w A X- . B $+} a, $’% 9 B, $ * C‘A9 sX ,B # š: yA FOSS lr $a# ‡9 A : r NX Y : . C, K; vAsA r B NX Y CD9` $% ] Mac OS B $b ; K - ^> >l , zB # $s# ‡9 C [>+ _ .Br$ g NX Y = ->q? C#— , 9BA9 9 X #B_ $+ + o# A $ | $"9 , #9 ‡# r C, ” k 9 ^ $sA $ IrB#" $X e? . , , $A A . $ $s# ‡# $ * A ` =>s/ # (23 6 r, yA o+ C, kA+ Y yA C ! 9 $ Z# /` # r A :+ . $b ; 8 % Y +A, # FOSS $ ] = b 9 B $;Y/ ]+ /A \ }%

1 Format

$' $+ %+ 9 $ Z# /` $X r, yA :9 , $ # BA hA? . 9& # $ C‘A9 FOSS Q #&+: 0 ' yRp ' ( Œ‡ = ->q? 9 qB [ *A X: /0 $’% 0 A :+ $b ; =}; + aA K#" $ "9 = + C v/ 9 @ % : ] #” $<0 C ! A BA ` - 9a# B $A 0, B $b ; $B Z $, 0, C‘A9 !#!Y+ 9 A C ! 9 KA + @ B, 0 9# # , 9BA9 A K %+ K#" K- . v# > 0 FOSS 9 I0B#" # 9 . , - FOSS •;Y 9# A , FOSS AvA : .A C ! * 9 A # 9a# B $b ; CBB0#"+ ‹ 0, *0 C" # )$A A /0 b; ) C v/ 9 @ C‘A9 !#!Y+ .BB0$ 8 Z #"+ % : CB A K , Q 0 B NX Y o+ FOSS C' {B # g x" ‡ C , % X; 0 B0$ ,9 $, = A 9 B# , = -Z‡ ., 4E, ( n Vnd =: $X0 Z , Zb FOSS N%& 9 =\ • 0 *B0 ., C , # FOSS .A [` Kr *+ $ 9 vA yA 8 B% =: yA 8 B% + $ =: . # * !B \ B+ A C ., !B yA $ ' A $sA A #9 A yA 9 $A\ C = ->q? , # # =: yA •, . *9 A yA 9 9 NA d9 A: 4E, ' Z $ A * hA? * + , K#X+ " $X% " #%&9 A A X' $A 9 _ K#Z\ $+} ‡ A . 9 : #%&9 $#\ e‡ € #_ : #A A 9 Zr €, $ C ! _ € : ., $ K' C $A r r , $ •Y/ X' A . " A " #%&9 $X#X+ % \ € #_ * $A\ z A * [ 9 e>b C 9 *# _ + A: *+ $ QX‡ " A " #%&9 A r ! * A K#X+ A @ K' C _ K#Z\ A €# A A : CA $A B# _ 9 =>s/€ _ * BA € x B C, A . $ A € , $ :+ :, , C $+9 ! =#i + + $ A: =: . :9 $+ Kr * 0 * s =: !\9

$( Br $/A yA A: tA $} ? !\9 9 #X: % 9 r ` A *9 A: *+ $ hA? A . B $A\ . r # # tA , C ! 9s# I# : A : < H6 9s# I# AvA : 8; yA 8 l *B- . 9& C ##j+ , AvA : o . BA C Ks, $A\ C r , 9BA9 C K - A + r $A A . # C ##j+ # C#— = ->q? * 9 BBr C ! IrB#" 1C9` $ ' B+ $ B .BA B+ . 9& * r [ Kr ##j+ = b :) , - * r A 9 Br$ A !r 5 *Z [ , AvA : . A $ = 9& $;Y, A * r [

1 File server 2 Administrators

$) % ]R FOSS ' Y,' 9 C, FOSS ’' : $ * : Br 9 , NX Y "9 C9 K' B CD9` A lr B_ . Cr ” * C $A CD9` #” . /r %+ FOSS C # s n ^ B $A * \ ! 9' ,Br$ $ Z# /` FOSS X'C r $+} 9 , A %+ $r %+ .[ HJ ]Br$ Z: A hA/+ FOSS C ! r :9 NX Y /r • . , $ : , A " A Œ‡ lr 9 C, k&9 $X Œ‡ #\ A ., $ # FOSS ŠA9+ nB# : ,>+ C Y3' n [n\ A B\>- "9 , $ FOSS * A #lr %+ C `9 s ,w 9 # < , ,* " , `9 A + 6 ? . :9 C \ A FOSS # #" A 9 D9 , ˆ , B"A B /0 A B_ –B, $ FOSS % + *9/#` # A .B 8 % FOSS C B# 3' & 6 \ r FOSS C ! hA/+ 9 # s `9 A + s # , `9 *r oZ+ " , `9 A + o+ C, #+ =} $sA . C "9 NX Y *r K; nB# " A . , $ " y#9 s" "9 = C, u- ,w # r C " A . $X Œ‡ y#9 s" A :9 ( $b ; $, ) [ K \#” 9 $ + ->q? #B• `9 A + . C, #+ (eEurope ) y#9 s" `9 mD9` " A .[ HF ] $ , $ %+ B# 9 , $ FOSS 1 \ r ]A 8 ' .[ H„ ] Cr w A QY A EFO * " $X IX] . Cr ” B# A $+9 ! CD9` * " ›# , , 9s# #\ t r P” $X- .[GJ ] Cr C ! IrB#" * " I#X` 9# .[ H… ] Br KAZ+ IrB#" #9 A EJOOO P#;+ # r A :+ K \ s . Cr KAZ+ IrB#" #9 A EEOOO # : A $ * " /0 A9 . CZ C Œ‡ IrB#" 8 K - #\ /# CB,9 yA $v 9 P ,PA $ } A #B P ,$Z‡\ y+ # X: " FOSS =}; : r ŒA;+ GOOE 8 * " IX] " .[HW ] P# $ t r yA * " $A = 9 .[ GH ] r C ! A , BA t r u- = .[ H„ ] $ = r EFOOO r ,$_ ` 9 IrB#" @ , BA

1 Competence Center

$* I0B#"/B # • A + ! 9 * " # * " : = 9 $XX" # aZ, . C0 =: 0 ( LinuxTag ) `9 I0B#" C v/A 9 I!B0 A $ #` * " /0 A9 9 C, r "9 FOSS 0 >- , 19 " 0 , GOOF ˆ9 D *, $B” A ŠA 9 B/Y B” =}; B+ $ r C * / sX "9 B+ = ->q? 9 qB 9 C 9 # s #P#;+ E‰‰„ 8 0w C v/A . $b; 8 B $ ' 9 0, A , " A ., $ * " " Y 9 Y+ 9 r A (ATICA ) "9 = ? Z+ 9 = ->q? 9 qB ID A • * .[ GJ ] A 9 C ! hA/+ $ "9 Cr =: IrB#" $ #B Kˆ ? # P# #” + #" 9 r C ! # y#9 s" "9 ID .[ GH ] 0, } *#X# W/„ \ .A z = 9 .[ H„ ] C Z: $ "9 C0 %B GOOJ 8 9 , I0B#" .A ,vA 0, J 9 Mandrake A WOOOO ,GOOF * + + 9 A HFOOO ,GOOF AD * A ` + I#X` . . =: Open Office C ! vA #9 Y & A #"9 # . Cr k&9 FOSS # s hA/+ $A # # # A , # . , $ $b ; *, K!\ #` /r $sA .[ H‰ ]BBr$ $ Z# /` r #$ r $A # A "9 A X- . , $ $ , = $X * # A FOSS C ! *9/#` # A # , u- r $b ; * B,9 ^ ‡% - .[ GH ] BBr =: IrB#" s A : % .Br $ 8 Z $ * Xv "9 r A$ | * # $ "9 $ = , * Xv "9 o+ $/A CD9` " 9s # + A #< $}? # C A IrB #"" r A| A r BBr$ 9 , $ $X+ 9s # : 9 Y > r x #\ *Br P 9 , $ C Z , A 9 [ A . $ "9 *B r A ` 9 $v/ # #9 A y A x" \ 9 A . #A ` B A 9 #X \ : B+ Z- r Br$ * # $Xb $ "9 B A r , $ u- $BAv A : 9 :9 $b ; r Br$ C , s A 0w [ #B• ., $A : b $:+ K \

1 Kalsruhe

$+ 9 , C ! r Y k B r , $ u- C ! .[W… ] 0 C ! *+ $ /# = $B%A –, /# $A\ C v - 8? Yu% Y # a , `9 K0 #/# • $aA 0 9 0 " A $X "9 h K 0 ? 9BA9 ^w' 9 " A #X0 (gnuLinEx ) I0B#" $X #` ]+ A K 0 e, ) ., , $A: b 9 A * #X# HO ¢XZ , C, GOOJ 8 I0B#" @ # # < A A C9>- .( C .A .[‰O ], h' ' 7Y+ $sA . 8 % FOSS # s B# # (>B) IrB#" h" C $ | 9 IrB#" * 9 r + , $]A + =: /r A $ "9 CD9` [ 9` 9 [ sZ, A EOO 9 lr , . , $ OpenOffice HP -UX # C C vA ` r 9 $ | 9 C =: NT 9BA9 .[‰E ] =: IrB#" 9 s# 9 ‚ IrB#" A EJ…OOO =: P#;+ # >B $ " A = | * eNorg 2009 I!B0 GOOF 8 D9 * A9 Anreas Meyer .[ FE ] 9 N\ "9 $b ; C ! r Cr * /? A $- $ + CB A 8 + "9 = # *, $" #]A .[WG ]BBr =: Z&6 $, ! Y C ! =: 8 ' )tA+ /r Y A ` ) A9 , , A #9 A E„OOO * r & ' 8 ' . , $ Wienux IrB#" C, B $ ! …FOO $"9 BBr$ C ! GOOO I # 9 GOOO 9B A9 9s# ! JWOO 9 B A =: OpenOffice .org r 9 =}; .[‰H ] Cr =: IrB #" K - C ! = a w A 9 C‘ A9 =># + ] A + B b t A+ "9 = . 9 P $;Y, A 9 #9 A 8 B # C BB0 9s# GOOO I # Av A : B+ $ * r e? A @ .[‰J ] BBr C ! Wienux IrB #" %A+ # 9s# GOOO 9B A9 : 9 i& <Y- n dn\ < 4bY& , :9 FOSS #X- A " $ # ž# C = } A 8 "9 _ *+ $ " A A * # . C, [>+ FOSS #X- #\ X , " A $ ] B# A $X- \ ž# *Br + . r C , [ FJ ]* 9 ,[FH ]@v+ ,[FG ] #!#" r .Br 8 C, ” r $ r' A r $ | C/ C = } A FOSS C ! B# ( $ #B Kˆ K#" ) * Y # * / = b MITR r, o+ r # .r A $'9/ = ->q?

%, C ! r GFE FOSS NX Y EEF /r A z = 9 r 8 "9 FOSS C ! r [ AB_ #B• .[ FH ] Br$ : I#ˆ = ->q? 9 qB $+ / C9 0 o+ r , A $sA . Br$ #b+ *B- FOSS %+ 8 "9 Br$ #b+ , C, #+ (PITAC ) .[ E] #v | %+ A: [9 *+ $ C0 =: FOSS 0 $- ._0 A+ / I0 B#"/B B 0 WOO =: , A . 0 C , A X " A 1 } , , A .[JJ ] C0 Y 9 B# $A: b } *#X# .A /# A C ! v" ##j+ aX , Ca C ! K - *B- I 0B#" B+ . C0 $A: b A Y BA Thin Client = b I` # @v+ * , (. C 9 #` ]+ A /# e, ) FOSS ," B_ C 0B_ C ! ] 9a# } *#X# 15 & + A 9BA9 0 K#" A ( Wall Street ) aA $Xb @ .[ JF ] C0 =: .A K - *B- I0B#" $ 'Y3 FOSS CBBr A ' #\ k&9 b r /r #"9 *B- 9` FOSS % : "9 k K#r9 AA 9 r Ps Q: 9 9s# A s, . B B,$ , AA r › ` $A \ . C 6 ; = ->q? 9 qB Z + A #’+ 9 B, , $ $- = ->q? h' *9, " : #Y 9 Z" \ C ! . , r, yA ;B A Z = ->q? v = ->q? #’+ . Br$ #’+ yA ]A hA? A o+ C, k&9 oA, 9 C ! 9 v r } $- # r $ A B # /r K#" # . , Z * CBBr P 0, .[ J„ ] "Br $ #’+ kZB r ,w ]# 9 r ` C, 9` "9 } FFO ,OOO 9s# sBA % _ # "9 # 9 h‡B , s, AA r C = } A = ! / . r 7z' ' "9 9 X - 0 , d GOOF 8 KA9 >ˆ99 : I#ˆ 9 _ 0 | >ˆ99 .B $ A9 ##j+ CBA 8 G $? hZ? . B0 $ A: b 9a# ] K } #X# I0B#" =: } *#X# …,F ¢XZ GOOJ 8 VENESUEL ANALYSIS ,

1 Largo

%# $" B_ B+ $A>ˆ99 0, 9 C, ` 0, A 9a# ] .BB0$ C ! I0B#" 0 >ˆ99 * : P $" $aA Banco Mercantil . GOOE 8 A9 # #+} aA /0 vA 9 =: I0B#" $B# D 0, b JG 0 * / A Z C 9 . B t#` 0, o+ =: 0 C — Y+ K#" . BB0$ C ! I0B#" :+ $X K” / ]A #| $Xˆ aX CZ $" Kˆ B+ #+} aA 8 l .B A K- vA $ # Kˆ # 9 $X 9 /0 9a# + $ aA PA+ X- 0 /0 .[EOG ]B0 ]Y& $ "9 A * # r $ A A b WO ;\ KA "9 ” e? A $/A . =: IrB#" CBA 8 8? , $ C9 0 yA . C, | e? A 9 $]A + =: yA 9 C, . BBr ##Z+ =: A r C, I#•+ "9 o+ C #` 9 $X #"+ tA , r BA *+ $ =: A KA} * # .[ J… ] r C , t $ FOSS } *#X# E‰O $A: b 9 } *#X# EO 9' KA b X: = 9 ŠB` =: | KA ,C9>- – C, #]+ .[WH ] B0 $A: b } #X# E/E } / z * - ' % n \n\ B# 0 %+ 8 ' A /#` /r $Z#r+ @ #\ 9 # #' CD9` # #_ 9 $ B: Cr ,`D /r . , $ 8 % # FOSS [ 9 # s # x B FOSS $s K - yA r Cr ” $r / .[ JW ] BBr #"+ ‡B 9 $vB Ye C ! . , CBA 8 B_ 8? FOSS Y * ? #_ $ | 8 /r A IrB#" , o . tA 9 - /r A FOSS . , $ #_ "9 P#|- , A #"9 9# .[ J‰ ] C b E…F ,GOOH g' #\ r 9 Y %Bb ]A #_ "9 ^ $sA 8> [ >+ ,w .[ GJ ]/ $: /r B% #s" 9 qB $ %Bb $% /r A ,$: 9 Y * B,9 .Br$ C 9 %Bb A # $ FOSS 9 [ \ A – Cr kB $: A $ "9 #_ "9 # C, Kr 9 9 9s# B $b ; * B,9 # ^w' u- .[ FO ]

%$ ,RedFlag Linux ) I0B#"/B $X , v #"+ $" A ' C9>- #_ "9 1#]# , . C0 C #` "9 Œ‡ FOSS X'C ( … ,Blue Point Linux ` 0, . [FE ] , RedFlag Linux #9 A 5fff KAZ+ CD9` . [FG ] C ] I0B#"/B Z%, 15ff #]+ IBM \ #_ $A CD9` $"9 $ t,` #_ "9 $a_0 /Y CD9` A 0 B_ .9 $ , CBA FOSS 8 ^ #d A $/Y , ” 5ff5 AD 0 Qihang 9 Yangfan CD9` I0B#"/B C, $X Y .A #"+ CD9` 9 A ^ . #]# , "9 *0 ^ @B 1pf t# . S3 9BA9 #Z, 0 $ 9 9 B!#d9 ` 9Y 9 Q9 9 , - ] K - .A 0 ) #"9 $/A 8 9 PX\ %+ K , CD9` tY . 0 K 0 ) .#9 a" .[ FH ] I0B#"/B $ "9 ¤ / FOSS CD9` .A C0 9 `D + 0 /0 $aA #_ C9>- 0 9 $ # + K - , # #X0 t,` ^ .[ „W ] C0 ” #9 Y+ FOSS 9 $b ; 6; $ k& ž# >Z\ B "9 0 $" ' I#ˆ . [FJ ] C FOSS [ $sA /r A $"9 , B $- FOSS C ! GOOJ 8 " >a"Z-" B : 0 ) $ 9 9 v # A K#" * /A .[ W… ]0 b * # ) A 5 v_ :9 9 9 $ . 0 : C, ” /r A $ Œ‡ # vA A CD9` .[ FF ] Cr =: IrB#" + , $ "9 A 9 r CDAC • 9 I` 0 B0$ $B# t#` 9 I0B#" =: 8 ' # B 0 . • .[W‰ ]B0 $A: b } * #X# .A =: 8 # " A Œ‡ . : B# A $/A CD9` B_ B $" - C [` A "9 e? A+ : $sA . C, : FOSS CD9` AB_ t# Ir B#" ,RedHat r, .[ F„ ], $ y#9 s" "9 IrB#" C ! .[ F… ] A tA P\ A 9 $ | r , Cr x; B @ A „OOO FOSS # s B# CD9` A $sA . : CD9` AB_ # }r " A C, >- # v A $ " A CD9` . , $ $, 9 $s#9 s" "9

1 Beijin 2 Know -how

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1 Baht

%& %" ‡ #;;Y $9 ,*A .[ „G ], $ 9s# 9BA9 $ #B =>s/ ` Kr `D "9 8 ' # . C 9 P FOSS # s .[ „H ] A t r N; BA r A 9 $ | . Cr K B IrB#"/B K - $B`D 0, P]B` . A C, >- , h ‡ .[WF ] BB0$ C ! Q H I0B#" K - C ! B# * j "9 *B 0 KX * 9 * j # 9 qB Xb + $ [ "9 A C |B . A t 0 "9 # 0 kA + 9 K# + u- I0B#"/B C ! 0 % * j "9 A C ! K#" , * } #B #B• 9 $, ! #X \ 9 , $ "9 0 $ j 0 C, u- * * 9 I0B#" #\ . K - BB0 C ! K - A B, , #" % 9 /# 8 B0 B $ 9 + \ 9 $ + k#9 K- I0B#" 0 % A .[‰F ] 9a# Z + A =& #" Y n Vn\ FOSS r t#` $A # $ B: A "9 , $b ; C ! r A # A KA} $sA .[ „J ]B $ r 9# /r A . Cr CBBr 9 yA KAZ+ $ B: A . A ##j+ A FOSS # s .[ „F ] Cr C #` "9 FOSS # # + B# FOSS B_ . C, / B #Z 9 B” , 9 B# A # $A , 8 ' #- $"9 B0$ !A $ # t $A A /0 8 #]A ^ a, t 0 C $-: A Y * BB0#"+ a 9a# IrB#" #Z# GFO . C \ | * = - 9BA9 K - .BBr$ C ! [ #// , % n ^n\ ^? /0 %+ FOSS t 6; NX Y \>- Kˆ •Y/ s 9 C9>- . , $ 8 Z $ : y InfoDev KX * sZ, 9 1s A C : :9 FOSS B# KX * x :

1 http://portal. unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php - URL_ID=12034 &URL_DO =DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION= 201 .html

%' B# /# #" % 9 B %+ B vA . 1$XX" # . ] 8 ' FOSS . hA/+ , , $ /r %+ CBBr kA + * : Kr / C ! $ + $ , Z #\ & , FOSS C ! "9 - 8 #]A ^ a, t 0 C 9 qB 9 t + kA 8 %+ 9 /#` ./Y

1 www.IOSN.net

%( ,e ]R f1e g+ /+M ]0 % C, C ! # = Z- A r $A ] . PAB,$ A IrB#" C9 P # FOSS u #v#` . C, + C # * ! 9 NA%+ , P# ! * # K; A .P#, Cr œ IrB#" NA%+ oZ+ NX Y P# ! r .PA` $ I0B#" / B K - oZ+ ]0 % Q +0 g8+ n [nV $vB# X C v/ 5"9 + @B#"" o+ r $X - 1 IrB#" y_r K - %+ IrB#" "9 + @B#" . C, E‰‰E 8 >B / B [ P Y # Y 9 9 : ( Minix ) Is#B# ( •\ ) yA 9 $ yA *B- z @B#" .( Is#A + @B#" = IrB#") . C B B ‹ 9 $B CD9` AA , CPU NA d9 r K - yA xX\ A r ‡ |B # ‡ *r \ vA NA d9 . Br$ 8 Br Y KA 9 9 | ' B, ( Tux ) ˆvB` >- 0 .B, $ : 8 ' r $!X Y * A r _ : / yA #‘A9 $ + , C, ( GPL * A ) B $- ] rw oA, + "9 + @B#" o+ ” 0 ) IrB#" . C, #’+ kZB r $ A . , $ A . ##j+ 9 r C ! 9 #ls+ *+ $ ) K - .A * k\9 K - $’% r Mach K#Z\ :9 # vA FOSS .B, $ BSD C IrB#" , Mach 9 FOSS lr . B ŸA%+ K \ ' + z 8 ' A . , $ : $:+ K \ K s/ *9 GNU HURD $/A $ ' A #i•+ , , : * 9 + $ r Y z 9 $A r $:+ K \ ? A ) x86 % 9 o GNU HURD ` 8 l *B- . w $ $ ' $+ Z 9 • ZA+ + $ IrB#" . , $ : ( $;Y, KA 9 # B B, C v *+ $ A . , : Q Z . r : $s#9 s" ] ]0 % ' I& 6 r& Q +0 g8+ /+M n dnV 0 ? * $"9 , $ C ! K r 2 yA *B- IrB#" C9 C C#— 9 AA r r K - B+ #' IrB#" , , !

1 Kernel 2 Linus Torrralds 3 Software package

%) P : vA . C- Y • Z+ # A ` Œ‡ r r $ # 9 , zB $ + ->q? s , 1$s# r o9 , Y r K , K - %+ 9 sZ, $A /Y ,$s#9 s" ` , Q9 vA FOSS A $b ; K - *+ $ : A . , B CD9` A . , $ BS D 9 IrB#" $s# o9 B A XFree 86 8 l *B- . A # . C, C ! # AIX 9 HP -UX , IA } *_ $b ; K - K 0 -] B CD9` C, ] #" % * R : 0 A , w" ., C "IrB#"/B" K - *B- K - IrB#" r B $9% 0, X: Mandrake, C orel, Novell , RedHat .A = b 9 Cr #+ B 9 vA C .B $ [9 , , $ A I0B#" kA+ A I0B#"/B 5kA+ * 0 h+ 2IrB#" A ` # 0 œ / yA A - 0, A + K \ 9 / r, =}; r $ + X#9 A . C# * C ! IrB#" CBA [ C / Y ‹ 0, . : Compaq , Hewlett 9 SUN *_ $A 0, ? # . C , B\>- tA A š ’ IrB#" * BBrkA+ $A \ Packard (HP ), Fujitsu -Siemens , IBM C9>- ( Main frame 9 Sparc ) Y 9 IBM 9 SUN . C K \ 9 $;Y, A 9 GOOJ 8 HP . $ ˆ P IrB#" K - oZ+ 9 IrB#" Kr IDC $B# t#` @ . C ˆ IrB#" K' NX Y 0, $ #:+ 0 , ¢" } #X# HF /… GOOW 8 + . I0B#" w A C , g NA%+ h ‡ IrB#"/B %A+ "IrB#"" Xr C ! A+ 89 r— Z $ \9 8 l *B- . , $ /# # $A: K , r Br$ r IrB#"/B kA+ |B , [„W ] " Cr Q Y IrB#" ›# " r , $ IrB#" _ . , $ C#” 9 $s#9 s" ` 9 c _ , ` CD9 K , $+ #' * B_ * !#d9 , Br$ 8 j, IrB#" kA+ yA P]' b O/GF r .B $ IrB#" kA+ Kr r xX\ IrB#" %A+ A $ + 9 :9 IrB#"/B % %A+ . B s#` 9 : FOSS %A+ A =9 !+ . C : %+ . :9 # * vA kA+ AB_ r $" ' B ]+ %A+ A %+ $'? ( $ #B >l) 6 * A / # x B r :9 P kA+ yA , B / lr IrB#" NX Y %A+ FOSS : _ . C,

1 Graphical User Interface 2 Distribution 3 Linux Standard Base

%* B# 1 r+ A ( B ` r ) $;Y, A , K#Z\ 6 r (#Xr !b) = ->q? 9 9 ,9 9 X\ r :9 # C, $ %A+ . C, . C 6 * yA x B . B, Z FOSS s r C, K#s/+ $!X Y : IrB#" NX Y %A+ AA 9 x; *B- YaST FOSS #” SUSE IrB#" kA+ >l 5* # kA+ . C ##j+ GPL * ] $ + 0 r$ C ! IrB#" . $ FOSS : C ! % r $A %A+ 9% f 8 ,6 g8+ Q 6 # =e n \nV IrB#" . BA A K \ 9 * vA FOSS kZB r 9 $A99 XA *+ $ # r A . r A http :// www .kernel .org @ *+ $ x; 9 A IrB#" K r kA+ yA BXA * r lr –r A C Q9 : C A IrB#" %A+ A+ ?` %+ . BBr

g8+ 53 ,$& 6 Debian www.debian.org Ubunto www.ubunto.org RedHat www. RedHat .com SUSE www.suse.com Mandrake www.mandrakelinux.com SlackWare www.slackware.com Gentoo www.gentoo.com

. PA` $ e, } : r A A IrB#" kA+ yA C ! Z" : r r \9 r A IrB#" C kA+ yA C ! A A .# $ B s#` 9 C ,x; $ KA * Ks 9 IrB#" K - : 1& Q 4 F„ kbps yA , \ . Br$ A A * r C, K#s/+ 8? 9 JF * A , C ! , C, K#s/+ C/ e" H r kA+ yA A K#Z\ $A -] kA+ C IrB#" * BBrkA+ . #/r * r "• A . w $ * r # -] 9 , 9 .Br$ #$ NX Y A 9 ] : K \ kZB r = b o FOSS # :]&u8 ' WR Q , Cr KA < r kZB r * , A * r $‡A, #B_ . B A

1 Embedded 2 Debian

%+ r KA < r ,Br A yA .( B, r A ] \ * , sBA ) BBr x; KA < r = b lr IrB#" %A+ . /s 8? ! $ ' A 9 s kZB $+ 9 $ ' B * r + C # CBB0 x; yA 9 B C, . BBr x; 9 * - yA r 9 BBr$ * kA+ NX Y š: %#Z? * BBrkA+ : 18 Q+ 5 K ? FOSS CD9` r $A ] . BBr$ Kb ' * B#? aX- $ * r u- yA =##j+ r :9 8 ' A /# , B A $ [ | A =##j+ 9 #v 9 A r !#d9 IrB#" * BBrkA+ . , vA Y r C/ - ] yA x#++ A . BBr ^? #vB 9 #v .B $ \ r # ,BBr$ r $ =}; # k: 9 B , IrB#" * BBrkA+ :M & Q . , $ + ' $"% r IrB#" # A x#++ A . BBr$ / B f # z #6 e g8+ n VnV :9 vA = . Cr 9 = K\' $Xb K - IrB#" A r A A . BA $ Q ' $X B IrB#" 8 Br + r r 9 C, K Y ? r r B+ $ A 8 s, 9 = b r . $ r A 9 $ $%#9 N#? * kZB 0 * @ :+ I0B#"/B K - 0 ,` ‹ C` + C !X+ 9 #9 0 ., $ K , C 0 9 #vB r A ( # 9 A CBBr #"+ r ) IrB#" A vA $sA X- r A . BBr C ! A yA * ? B+ $ % * r IrB#" C ! 8 l *B- . C, 9 9 A 0, 8 Z $A: b s BA A BA 1Q A# yA *B- + $ JW „ $A\ A yA 9 IrB#" . # 9& Y + 9 ŸA%+ + = b r , ) ( bit )64 ) $ # „J A *+ $ X: * Br$ r K BA #” Y /# IBM 1390 A 9 PDA A , 5{ > 9 0+ o# ( !" .r C , , @ $A\ A C ! + *B- I0B#" C9 0 $+ Z v" A . , $ C ! , v K\' C v/ 9 9 = ->q? $ A 9 C#— 9 $+ Z = #X- lr , , $ C# Thin -Client A C, C = ->q? o * r . , $ ] B+ \

1 Router 2 Realtime

&, Fat - = b 0 9 #9 ^> A . B $ tA $ A 9 C#— = #X- 9 [` lr Fat -Client v" . B Client . , $ C C- r K\' 9 , $ ] r v 9 Y BA r , $ u- Thin -Client C ! AA A B . C, C#— yA = -> q? $ + A A . A t r . , $ + * # * # x#++ # . , $ Is%B * r Xb > $Xb 9 =##j+ *r 9 _ r , $ u- * r = ->q? C#— 9 [` B#r ., + $}? # Thin -Client -]

&# P.+3 ]R FOSS @

1 Domain Name System (DNS )

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1 Patch file code 2 Patch 3 K Desktop Environment

&% " " $s# r o9 # Y 9 Cr yr • A *r ^? KDE . $Z B $s# $'? 9 * r r 1 #9 + P * A 9 * '? $9 A E‰‰„ Z r $ * $ ' 9 9 C i 9 * r r BBr $'? E‰‰… * + * A 9 * '? I!Br #"9 e? A . B, , B , r, # e‡ IA 9 e? EF * r * " 5‹Z , . \ $ 9 u . $ ˆ x B $sr C ' $s# r o9 KDE = s vA =9 ! r # • Z+ \ 9 x B $s# B s#` . KDE GNOME }#i M 8 F% ' n _n^ yA # GNOME . $ ˆ $s# #9 vA n GNOME . $ C x B $s# * r o9 ! 9 . A ]A BA 4 Z C9 yA o+ E‰‰… =9 GNOME CD9` yA *B- ” GNOME . BA $ Q ' GNOME tA#` * v /#` $sAs #” Y r yA r KDE ^> > r –, $'? 9 > r CD9` . #$ C , C ! K \ 9 ] v" .A # a 0 (Qt ) *r #` r \ Novell 9 RedHat 0, A ' + % GNOME # CD9` AA 9 $ \ # kZB r r $ yr ' * A . $ A ' = s * C ! * s C9>- r $Z B $s# r o9 GNOME $Xb b B- $sA . $ ˆ 9 $b; AB s#` vA % 9 8 Br !b *B- 9 C, B s#` r o+ r C AA GNOME .9 $ r #%&9 CB * / ~7& {' M' n cn^ Netscape ) “#s 9 o9 9 B r Q9 9 yA >A >A . C, B B, * * r $’% r (Navigator /Communicator . K s+ 9 %+ 8 ' & ' 8 ' >- yA * B- 9 9 qB E‰‰W AD GH “#s A . \ Mozilla .org C Q9 9 kZB r E‰‰W @ HE r, A .

1 Desktop System 2 Arnsberg 3 GNUs Network Object Model Environment 4 Newsgroup 5 Mozilla Web Browser

&& Communicator $‡ *#X#E/F kZB r A A r _ $ Y \ P#;+ ,=9 ! ] 9 + r “#s . , $ ,, ]+ # r >A r ##j+ * r \ $ A # 1“#s $- ] : r >- yA *B- 9 kA+ 9 C, Kˆ \ “#s C‘A9 g' ] A * B+ r \ $ r # 5>A $- ] . , $ ] 8; r =9 ! K - *+ $ >A Q9 9 . A: r *9 . ?` $a#9 a" 9Y 9 9 x#++ Thunderbird 9 FireFox . C, x%/B >A CD9` 0 B I0B#" 9 9BA9 ‡# } 0 . n Un^ #9 $"9 BBr$ + sA r + FOSS _ : $ P/_ ‹ CD9` 9 tY . B ` Z * .OpenOffice .org 9 Koffice Kword, #| $ v 9 % = 9 C, KDE CD9` r Koffice 9 KSpread, KPresenter, KIllustrator, KImageShop, Kformula, KGraphic, KChart, . K s+ 8 ' B 9 C ˆ KImage 9 Br$ I# 9a# r FOSS z OpenOffice Cr C #` C#” 9 ˆ 89: Z C K#Z\ $+ . C, B , $b ; r Star Office kZB r @ A . $sA . C, K#s/+ Vˆ 9 pC !b , 4K r ` CD9 yA OpenOffice A , BBr =: IrB#" 9s# B $ r $ r * ‹ A A 8 s, *9 Microsoft Office XA $ + ZA+ *+ $ * yr r lr . # = b r , =: BA r , $ u- s A . r C #— C ! Microsoft Office AvA : *B- Op enOffice IrB#" 9BA9 +: | , A P & ' 8 ' OpenOffice _ . C, .Br #` 8 B 9 = - : 9 $ – $ ˆ $,` 0 $"9 ._0 -] .A # AbiWord . # $XZ\ + 9 $ 0 B_

1 Netscape Public License (NPL ) 2 Mozilla Public Liecense (MPL ) 3 Office 4 OpenOffice Writer 5 OpenOffice Calc 6 OpenOffice Impress

&' C ! ]+ vA X: ApplixWare 9 World Perfect # ApplixWare . 9BA9 ^9% World Perfect . B, $ IrB#" $ o+ * Y r Ir B#" ^9% 9 A: ]+ X: . $ ˆ * BBrkA+ &% n `n^ y *B- MySQL 8 l *B- : $+9 ! r $+ ->q? y B, 9BA9 9 SCO , IA } , Free BSD, IrB#" 0 9 kA SQL $ + ->q? . C, | * ( 9 : 9 ODBC • #|) % %+ r , $ ]+ $ Z# /` MySQL B r $ + ->q? y PostgreSQL . C, KAZ+ $ + Interbase $ + ->q? y ]+ . ( Software AG r, ) ADABAS 9 Informix 9 Oracle $+ ->q? y A C9>- ` IrB#" 9 vA % ^9% $ + ->q? s 9 ( IBM r, ) DB /2 9 r # Z ' 9 ; \ C' " " =}; . C :9 b- $- ( www .linux -kontor .de ) Br IrB#" CD9` & ' 8 ' . B . C + $ ^ A * BBr#"+ # . , $ $'? ; \ 9 x B ] + 9 $;Y, ^ ; /# GNU Cash 8 l *B- A 9BA9 #| NX Y K - 9 Parity 9 Abase -EKS ]+ =}; .B : K \ IrB#"

&( P2: ]R FOSS . ' +$ 1i B" f1% <: <2& FOSS # . #6 , 6 e n [n_ ,A , $ %+ 9 A ` ] z 9 . &- K \ $-B ] FOSS ] $X r . B BSD 9 GNU GPL ] A ` ] 9 . :9 http :// www .fsf .org /licenses /license -list .html : @ K \ KA— @ GPL s . n[n[n_ o+ 9 $ #% C oA, ( GPL ) B $- $Xb ] $'? * B_ ] A . C, #+ NA%+ d !' " •A r ZA+ B ] * r ] A . , Ž!' + r A r C, ?, * # . B ] * ##j+ 9 *r kA+ , *r $b , $# GOOG 8 KA 9 + SourceForge .net $ BA C Q9 [ GPL ] C ! C#v A $sA . C GPL ] FOSS + , &- FOSS = b C Br$ #’+ ] A r A FOSS r & * $X#s+ $] * * s . B $\ FOSS = b ] #"+ ]+ 0, . #v r e>b A ] kA+ h' r

1 General Public License

&) B,9! ( FOSS #”) $b ; ] + * 9 BBr e>b GPL yA B # . […O ] . http :// www .fsf .org /licenses /gpl .html : C A @ GPL ] K r , h ‡+ /r C‘A9 g' r $ + ]+ ] xX” B GPL ] .#$ C- 8; #"ƒ 9 & , LGPL 1 . ndn[n_ r A9 r :9 GNU LGPL BA GPL ] C9>- r =9 !+ A GPL : A + LGPL ] . ]+ 8 ;+ * s t+ | + Y r 9 GPL ^> *+ $ 9 A yr Y r [ + $ LGPL ] A . $ ] ##j+ ., B, ( De Facto ) $X- 9 $%\9 yA *B- r 9# *+ $ GPL ] + . # $ GPL ] LGPL .0 / B LGPL ] + BSD • . n\n[n_ 8 kZB r $ #| GPL ] $ A sA BSD ] :Br$ ]A *9 A9 vA 9 ##j+ * s 9 . A %+ 2$A99 Ks, A 9 kZBr *B- ##j+ *9 A ##j+ + $ ] h ‡ = b A . r ]+ *+ $ BSD ] C ! ^ % ] + kZB r C, C ##j+ *+ $ BSD : ] A+ 9 A+ C BSD ] N#b+ A . $b ; 9 0 r ] C : Br A - A oA, r r $ r A – . $ , :9 kZB XA r $b X' ] A #"9 Y Y lr •, A *Br . C ( Cr &- $Xb r $ . C, ^w' # BSD + ,IrB#" $ : $ K#Z\ FOSS CD9` A %+ : B+ Z- $A " l . C, $]

1 GNU Lesser General Public License 2 Berkeley System Distribution 3 Binary 4 Copyright

&* .[…E ] Q9 A+ C ! ` )#e3 {' • $s# ‡9 $ + B A )XFre e86 (#i M F% ' ) <.+3 % • .FOSS r BSD Is#A $Xb Y NX Y ) OpenBSD ,NetBSD , FreeBSD • = r FreeBSD 6; . , $ C ! BA C ? $ + .[ …G ] C 0$ AA >Z\ 9s# Hotmail 9 Yahoo NX Y $ ' . * # ]+ BSD ] kZB r # r .[…H ] Cr C ! BSD r , 9BA9 nsZ, n #` $A tY 9s# ˆ ]+ $/Y *B- $_ ` Q9 , 0, # 0, x#++ A . kZB r kA+ Z: BSD ] , GPL ^> . BBr$ h' B+ $ 0, #B• . v $!Y $Xb r = '>b B+ $ .B r # kZB r C, ] = '>b ] kA+ A e>b , C / C ! K BSD ] + $- B + r $ | 9 A v" $#•#` 9 kZB r * P#]' * * ‹ = \ ] #” *B 9 A v" *r #` 9 $A B, BA r ? % $Xb x' b ^% = \ r $B% * A . , } # r B $ <r B#, *+ $ z A . , $ * x' b g' C v 9 , , B AB+ * r Br #"+ $B#, $ r, • B_ . r #Z/+ * " BSD ] A B . Cr C ! B 9 qB * A # 8 ' r *B_ ] A y_r kA+ 9 , $ x B ‹ # .A *+ $ 0 $B% A – GPL ] BSD ] . # >\ - . ˆ GPL ]# 9 0 x#0+ GPL BSD ] MPL s . nVn[n_ A # C, 8 - =##j+ + Z" Br$ #’+ $ MPL ] #" % B # vA ]+ 8 ;+ . & kZB r MPL ] #” vA ] yA + $b oA, + $ ŠA 9 C ., / B vA ] + r r ] A + r r *+ $ ] A ] A oA, #Xr , ƒ‡ A A . 9 : 9 Cr ” r vA ] oA, + ] A sBA $B%A –, , :9 A: ., MPL ] + # A: 8; ]# + , , \ C !

1 Mozilla Public License

&+ kZB r ##j+ r $"; *r ; ) $r = # #B• ] A } kA+ vB kZB r ˆ . $ * A )A $ : $Xb . A r CY" :9 kZB r *+ $ ] ##j+ - . , $ GPL ] ] A $Xb xA % $sA . GPL ] * * $X#" ] A + ^w' % Netscape Comunicators 5.0 Y kZB r 0 >A 9 MPL ] C :9 * 9 /Y + ]+ kZB r *, 9 A sA $+ 9 #\ ^> r # v /Y . B0$ C ! . C, ^w' f 8 W86 #;R FOSS Q 6 # & n dn_ . $A ] 9 x#r+ [9 $v $b ; FOSS x#r+ A . • # ' A /# # r GPL ] o , FOSS 89 ] * # B% A - ? 9 9 P :Br$ NA%+ x#++ A "x#r+ " ] e>‡b A . P# \ Y y A A C/ e" yA vAsA Br r yA $/Y sBA ,B, ] r , $ C ! $ \9 ( 9 P ) vA #i•+ ž# , , GPL ] + $sA " ' A . B, r #Br K; vAsA * B_ r B% A 1 #` 9 x#r+ . wv + $ A # $Z#r+ Kr , GPL + tY $sA . , ]A yA .[ …J ] :9 x#r+ h' , , Z Aw` * s #_ #B_ . , &- GPL + C ! FOSS K - yA $b ; Y $;Y, A B C ! * ŠA 8 l yA –,w Y * ] #i•+ ž# FOSS K - , Br . IrB#" K - ( $b ; r ) Kr 9 C C vA ` C ! $s# o9 yA , *+ $ x#r+ $" l e? %+ kA + u- B Q_ _ C ! . C , B 5 Q_ _ r $ \ * A # Q_ _ A A –, $ $s# o9 GPL + B . B , $ A * A , C ! - = b ] #` K- XA < r sBA % ) C, K#s+ r $A ] . C, $] $] GPL + A A , , B Q_ _ $%ZB r ( . , ] yr rw , , r # A9 , vA ] E)„89: . Br$ š & * oA, kZB r P * , $Xb CB] r— o BSD .Br$ •Y/ BSD 9 GP L ] $Xr +9 !+

1 Module 2 Framework

', BSD ' GPL . D& : [n_ S'E C, $] C, $] oA, BSD + GPL + # $X .Br kA+ $Xb kZB r A # $X .Br kA+ r o+ C, #"+ kZB r A # $X ., GPL A r o+ C, #"+ r

'# P ]R ?& FOSS MK jR #6b % ' FOSS .6 = Q % ˆ K; A € 9 8` $ ] r B+ $ v_ 0, %+ 9 $ Z# /` 9 = Z? 9 >0 v" A . PA` $ FOSS ]+ v" 0 A 6; K; * A ` v" $ I` . B P# + K \ 0 ., $ ˆ $A #% C ! K \ * .A FOSS # *+ $ v_ QM++8 I& 6 ' 4 ' # (23 < " n [nc # 9 x; = ˆ NX Y B# ]A * BBrkA+ . r C , RedHat 9 SUSE *+ $ * BBrkA+ A+ ^9% . ` $ B C * , IrB#" Y C/ '" [9 K#" r, A [9 # (C#” 9 Q9 y#9 s" ` ) K / K r yA . #\ # B • r BA . #\ 9 A „O 9' $'? 9 $, .B $ ˆ # C 9 / 9 $ Z# /` = * BBr kA+ # . C, ¨ " N%& ‡ *B- K - N#%& $ Z# /` $}? $+ & ' 8 ' , *B- . C, ^? A 9' + *B0 N%& A . , $ A ˆ = A 9 IrB#" B# r, EOO t# * " /r .B $ A . r, A = A v A $sA B# C 9 / ˆ C- # A #! * A / | =}; sBA $ r, . B $ ] : * $Av 9 A: x; 9 #$ * A / | #Z‡+ #| vA = ' $ Z# /` ˆ $+ r, $, = ˆ # 0, A $ . BBr$ &- # $;Y, X'C A 9 .` $ * r 9 *A @B#" . C , IrB#" K - #"+ *+ $ v" A $" l *B- IA * . r #+ IrB#" * A C9 C "9 + %+ I< . Z 9 Cr #+ B ? vA y A + _ n% : C ! ]+ v" #"9 $sA IrB#" * BBrkA+ * BB0 kA+ o+ $ Z# /` = [9 ]+ v" A+ $A . Cr $'? š: kA+ * BBrkA+ A r $A ] . * A / I0B#"

'$ A . A Z+ _ r *+ $ * [9 = ; kA+ IrB#" * BBrkA+ # . BBr$ &- C # $ Z# /` = xX” IrB#" * BBrkA+ :# (23 • . BBr yr C t#` =>s/ K' / B + BBr$ &- IrB#" + C $ Z# /` = ‹ r, * A / B B # IrB#" CBBrkA+ r $A 0, $ #B• . BBr$ . BBr$ ˆ =}; C N#? $ Z# /` = Linux Care * BBrkA+ $ o+ r $+ -] $/Y * :€ : @" • C r $ \ / # $+ s * = . , $ &- C, A Novell 0, o+ *B0 0 Ximi an r, . v 9 . Br$ C ! B© #9 o# *r 9 * = , C ! $b IrB#" kA+ Y 9 * B,9 $ :.6 • r— * = j#XZ+ 9 #" % 9 BBr$ oZ+ ]+ * 9 BBr$ A . Br A # BA r A oA, $v s CB,9 . BBr$ #B• , $ CB,9 # 9 kA+ * /# Z - x r u- oZ+ . i§ * A / Qw: CBBrkA+ $ \ = \ IrB#" kA+ yA 9 #` r : " 4 • IrB#" ' = ˆ B# RedHat r, >l . $ tA . •;Y+ r 9 x r } r C #` g ]+ v" * sBA #Y+ * $, 9 Z - x r BA * yr 9 K#X+ h#\ ? 9 Ks/ [9 A = ]+ * r C# ]# A 0, $ . [9 Kl) $ B v" ( $B Z) $Br ]+ v" h#!X+ 8 ' .B ( $b ; 8 $%6 n dnc 9 x#0+ $A v" # a # ]+ 9 0 * B %+ .B $ ] / ]+ g8+ ' .6 n[ndnc *+ $ r BBr$ ;+ # . B C, e‡ ]+ v" A+ C A . oX” ;+ .A A 9 C r : IrB#" + $b ; 9 ]+ A $b ; B IrB#" + $b ; r A *+ $ C9 . [9 *+ $ K -

'% A kZB r / $" ž# ( GPL ) IrB#" ] . C , IrB#" + ]+ kA+ 9 ]+ * BB0kA+ # . :9 . B $ ˆ C, $, ! 9 B# = b .6 ) Q b ' W86 ndndnc , $ x#r+ $b ; ]+ v" A yA $ . B \ * A / # X'C r + $ CBB0#"+ lr . , $ x#r+ Y 8; yA = s r A vA r C . Z : yr $b ; [9 Kb ' n 9 Cr & $b ; . $ * / $b ; š: yA x#r+ m E)… Ks, .

#;R E ? ?& Q (, : [nc ]K:

9 qB r, $"; *+ $ ]+ v" A Q 8 l yA *B- 9 BA Q9 A+ C ! ` $_ ` Q9 . r C , "B"9r " $ AA = a & ' ‹ 0, # = s B"9r . ^9% CB/ªr vA =}; . Br$ ]+ C ! m * 9 A $ A C#” 9 $ #B A * A C9 r $A ] . ‹ 0, $ Z# /` = B"9r $Z B $? Z+ K` ]+ 0, 9 n% : $sA • Z+ r, . B, $ % : A * A / • Z+ 9 Br & $_ ` ]+ = s r :9 * s A $ r, r $" ' , ] r A . Br \ 0, A r A ] $ ' # A #` Z ]B BBr$ \ +} [ $A r &- 0,

'& r A $, C, C9 $_ ` r $, B $ 0, A . , B . Cr $'? $ BA B r 8 - $Xb yA *+ $ v" A A . C#” 9 $s# r ‡9 $XA 1 , 9 qB $'? >Z\ r #A ` Œ‡ : 9 D ^b *9 + $ CBB0#"+ .A x#++ .A #"+ $, =}; C, 1p% n\ndnc A . , $ Y ]+ v" C #` K \ $ 0 $A v" $sA r Y . Y , $ ˆ / r $, A v" C v yA o Y A $Z : C v $- }% Br$ &- CBBr#"+ . r C , * y A 9 Bs v` _ *+ $ $Z : C v " l . $Z : Y ‡9 $A USB ‡9 9 y A " Br $s# + r . B . [ /# * r A , Y &- CBBr#"+ #"9 ^ , n% : r A BA A r [ C $sA .# C ( Y 9 K - # o ) Y 5 A #M De Q&3 = nVndnc * A ` *# /Y - 9 BA t r ^ r A C#•#` K#X+ B # v" A .Br C 9 A` n% : yA ]A 9 8; $ * A / * =#i•+ A $ * A ` 8; yA - $ r, r $ \9 *, [ $ Z Cr w A $"; 9 r $ A / . , , | B, , | A oA, A 0, r • . BY =9 !+$ A h‡B * A / xX” _ . w $ * A / :9 r A r $!B #i•+ 0 $A BA ? Y * B• BBr$ œ 8; yA $ * * A ` ., B $ Z;- C0 * #+ ^b 8 AB_ + * $ Z# /` A Br$ N\ 8; yA #"+ CBBr#"+ , A: =}; =: $ r * 9 / $& * A / + k 9 * A / A $AvY ` • * B %+ A $ Z# /` = 9 B, BA ` $ Z# /` A BA & ' * A / _ . Br =>s/ t š: r C, r #_ CBBr#"+ D 9 k B $/Y * B• . , $

1 Clustering 2 Drivers

'' * #A ` 9 * A / :9 Ž!' X#9 A $‡A, #B_ ^ D + + $ 0, x#++ A . , $ $ Z# /` BA C/ | $ Z# /` }b CBBr#"+ ]+ v" . A r nB# r vA 0, m- !#d9 A *+ $ *r hA? , * A / r ]A $‡# *+ $ #B• . r w9 B •;Y $ Z# /` .B 8; * Z 9 $ Z# /` vA nB# Cr œ+ >r $Br r 9 x r , , ;\ CBBr#"+ s * A / r , Y :9 # A: 8; = b A A r ” 9 * A / :9 A 0 9 x 0 9 . B, * =: r A r A $‡A, #B_ . \ A"9 * 9 Br Ž!' %Bb . \ - # ] + M' . r& % .6 n^ndnc ., $ C Œ#&+ 9 ] ! ]+ v" A œ M' . ' #u8 R @" 1K AB_ A .A + C, Copyright + $ $l . C, ˆ 9 ] + , $ : I0B#" + 0 # a * a A . C ˆ ] .A t# + ReiserFS * s I 8 ' . $ GPL #\ + I0B#" K - o+ ReiserFS * B %+ . # $b ; ] .A + KA $] I 0 A 0 =9 !+ . BB0$ 0 9 KA ]A I vA K - $ Z# /` B+ $ * B %+ 9 Br BA [ 0 + $ . 9 ] 0 $" l A . 9 : KA A +i§ . $ * / 9 ] v" .A C #` 9 G)… Ka,

'( M' # . #u @" Q jR : dnc ]K:

BB0$ xX” * B %+ $] BA /# 8 B0 CB %+ [9 A . B \ * , # * ; h' r * B A 0 .#v P#;+ A %+ Y $] Z h' $Xb . I0B#" /#` ; h' # # "9 + @B#" C- tY k + $ x#++ A 9 ; g ' [Aw` $ FSF $"9 . # ] r , #" % vA ; h' * Z r * B ˆ $ C- $aA r ; g' #a" Q ' v 9 AA . BB0$ . CD9` M' . .6 = . , $ ]+ v" yA *B- 9 ] ! e, I` \ A kZB r $ + vA 8Z\ K \ ] A $ r , $ &- ]+ = b r A: Y r B A . , Z nY r , $+ s s 9 r =} s, 9 % C AB_ Y r B% A . :9 P * K - yA v" . $ ˆ v" A $X r H)… Ks, . , $ &- ]+ Y 9 MaxDB 9 MySQL ^9% C C vA ` *+ $ 9 ] .0 C , ez publish = A AA

') M' . .6 1&& : \n_ ]K:

B\>- * A #C * s *+ $ ]+ v" A A * # b A + $ CBBr#"+ " ' A . r C , CBBr#"+ .A ‹ #%: ]A u- nY . B0 C ! $ A BA t r Q 8; $j#XZ+ n A 9 , $ A B\>- * r , Y , nY ]+ nY s _ . , $ * u- * v Y $ #X \ Z" . Br$ š & % : A A = s % : $ 9 * r [ , $ A $/Y . , $ * A / %+ tA ]B xX” 8; ] $sA + $/Y A + A v" A C #` # nY v n!#d9 A | CBBr#"+ r, . r &- C- C, &- = '>b A [Aw` kZB 0 m v *B- . # C- $"Z\ K \ = '>b r $b Y, A B# A # P#;+ I` . CBBr#"+ $ #" % + , C ! *\' yA C 9 / A + P yA r , $ C * x' b * s A xX” $

'* . $ C A: 9 C › ` * r %+ r $ . A h9 # Q r A $sA 1$XA 9 . A h9 # r A A tA A [9 } *#X# b 9' • r * BBr&- . C 9 r f1% < % ]- : Q % FOSS & n \nc - A C ! #P#;+ $+} *B0 FOSS ]+ v" $ I` C, e‡ =} Q: . , $ ˆ = A 0, / C ! 8 . 0, A * FOSS C ! #r + , Zl lr KA— . C, C e, • Z $+ #&+ o+ •1 +& E' * r9 A , * CBA A ‹ t ( BA ) A $X sZ, A 9 Xs+9` :9 K#" * C ! 9 BA 9 qB # €Br$ !A $ + FOSS 9Y 9 *B- Xs+9` A . * C, r .A @ $ BA ]A * , . :9 IrB#" 9 Is#A K - ˆ / o+ , | = A r A, ƒ‡ A # Ks+9` .# A $ } . #;R i(: E' r /# A 9 ’% , * s € A % + , r, A " Z sZ, hA? = ->q? A r A 9 B $ ] r , R A ‡9 r s ] $b; sZ, ]A sZ, A A % €BBr $A} $ #B xA& r C, " r hA? œ A i Ks, *+ $ * / C ! . r " Z BA C ! = - >q? sZ, [ A ]A * . , $ #b+ B # } $BA r $A C' . C A $Z B BA # r, 1 +& E' * $ t BA hA? * s 9 * A / = ->q? 8 Z+ A • Z+ A * 9 $? Z+ Xs+9` BA =\ ‡) €Br$ !A * r9 A , 8 % $X - _ 9 sBA 9 C :+ *9 9 9Y . 9& , BA # • Z+ , . BBr$ ] : C ,$

1 Oreilly 2 Intranet 3 Virtual Private Network (VPN)

'+ FOSS # C #` X' . #Br A - BA + } I` (.A $ ˆ r X'C - s= • i(: yA =9 ! K - A v sZ, A 9 =9 ! Y , A 8 Z+ ) €#Br " Z % # = ->q? A 9 #Br$ C ! sZ, K - 9 Y # • Z+ \ 9 I ] sZ, # = ->q? C ! 9 9& @ + • 9 $? Z+ Xs+9` C ! =9 ! (. w A #B •9, @ + • 9 = ? Z+ sZ, &3 € A )* X' ? 8 l *B- ) , r C, ]A !\9 A C ! C‘A9 # r, * B#? 9 #B , ) 9 Y x#r+ A #B_ . A $ # + 9 * '? yr ‡9 tA A . , tA vA =9 ! .(, $ ] = % K' #Xr vA * A #2& ' C ! B# 6 CBBr#"+ yA *Z 9 # + A #B 9 r, #B 6 CBBr#"+ yA r, $v 9 ) €A C#/A r, .( 9 #A ` @ ' C' 6; * sZ, & A CBBr#"+ yr *9 9 = C +r =} s, *r ^? $A + , A € P , $: yr *9 9 r, $+ # B h#Z‡+ 9 %+ kZB r * * =} s, k 9 8 % %+ 9 h#Z‡+ $Xb •, ) r A ( ) ]+ . # #B_ r .( s #” A ’% 9 A :9 ` = b *+ $ B+ *B- ) C ! 9 $;;Y+ r } kZB r A , $ \9 €A # h' 9 (A Cr $'? * + $ \9 8 l yA B#- r A #+ $ #, , # yA # h' A kZB r [ B# hA? A 9 A#v r vA 9 Y .#Br $A: b * Br r ] 1+ 4(G # vA r, yA o+ * #B #A + A #B tA * s , A r r # $ B+ vA r, yA o+ #B #A + ) € (. , @ kZB

1 Hetrogenous

(, < : #, ) € P , r, $s#9 s" œ = $}? *r #, A 9 ]+ #” Z" \ C#— $s#9 s" C 9 œ = $}? *r 9 . 9& CBBr #"+ yA 9 #” Z" \ * s = b B = $}? *r #, * s 9 B $ s #B_ I0B#"/B m K - . $ # $s#9 s" i C ! € # A Y = s %+ A ##j+ * A , $ ' * +| C‘A9 r r #+ $ xX” / Y C ! = h A? A 9 # N#%& Z Y #"+ yA $v 9 *9 A =#]+ * s A C9>- . # tA . $ P , 6 CBBr +& ]+ * BBr#"+ # ) €} , *r 9 9 Z\ BA A BA . | # 1C, 8 s, k Y #"+ sX K r Y #"+ B+ *+ $ xX” 9 C/ '" tY` 9 #"+ BA • B+ .r #` BA hA? Kb ] 407m5 ) M * Is- A r, * o+ [` 9 s r, yA C 8 * A C#— Z" \ Q Y $ # = ? Z+ v sZ, 8 l *B- ) €# 8 Z+ ^ 6 Y yA A CBBr#"+ yA $v 9 - 9 5K' K \ = ->q? [ 9 9 :+ " ' A C ! w" . B B (., $ #b+ = ->q? 8 Z+ + I E v" yA *# . * : $vv_ $v ]+ v" .A # A a, # 9 A P B * BBr#"+ . , ]+ k : K#X+ AvA : + $ ]+ | 9 r 9 x r yA ]A # b B- n 9 B B/ * A / ]+ v" yA $A C9 r b B- A $sA o . #v .A / $ * BBr#"+ 9 $Br v" Z A A:

1 bug -fix releases 2 Portable

(# P 2 ]R % #// ' % # f1e % #// ‚+ f1e % # ‚+ n [nU yA ]A A BA % # , $ § | d @ . , $ g>? - # 9 {B , * B ‡B yA #‘A9 @ 8; • Z+ * , * hA? * B+ $ * r , , $ $ $"; * {B 9 * * =B 9 #` $ + r B % A A . BBr \ /r A ‡B $vB 9 $ \ = 9X $ + A #B_ C} 9 , $ r ., Cr A - $ ' * r , $ g>? $+}; #"+ 9 $'? % #// • : $ + RY A } . r NX Y h? B = ;Y/ $XX" # vA = Z- . yA $ 9 ‡B , $vB = ;Y/ C/ $'? 6 ‡B yA , * r 9 #X \ r , $ g>? #"+ BA .[ …F ], Cr * * $X Y ]A * kZB r 9 % #// ' % # SJ +e C, ˆ NA%+ . $ r ^ = b xX” $XX" # 9 $ = Xr * # . Br$ •Y/ A + $ #"+ B# } A+ / >A . $ 9 $XX" # 8 l A >A CD9` , FOSS % : A ' :9 ? A . , $ Q9 FOSS 9 A+ C ! ` 9 r Cr $'? >A % : A . C, $XX" # * A o+ r $A $A B 9 yr $X * A . , , $A r NX Y h? B ‡B = ;Y/ 9 Cr e>b * B + \ * , # >A CD9` 9 ##j+ #B• 9 =B , r o9 :+ xX” = '>b A . BBr . , $ K , ‡B * C ! C g Z‡ = s *r $, ! CD9` yA >A A Aw` * s $ r >A $ 9 $XX" # ] A . C, / B ( MPL ) >A $- ] + >A kZB r . FOSS BA * r $ + r C, $'? >A CD9` . , $ OSI #A•+ $ + r A >A CD9` ^ $sA . BBr C ! * B * : Br 9 , $ *Br + . , $ # $ B Mozilla .org =}; WE * B• [>+ A 9 C, ] # # NX Y * HJ >A .[ …„ ] vA * f1e g8+ /+M % # ,:' n dnU $ + r Br ]A /r $ > * B_ + $ B IrB#" $ " $sA r , $ * 9` ! A .[ …… ]"Br 8 / r B A . B FOSS * + t#`

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1 Unicode 2 www.adobe.com/type/opentype/mail.html

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[1] Haber, Lynn, “City saves with Linux, thin clients ”, 10 April 2002 , ZDNet; available from. http :// techupdate .zdnet .com /techupdate /stories /main /0,14179,2860180,00 .htm l;Internet; accessed on November 7, 2003 . [2] Harris, Stephen D E., “City of Largo Completes Desktop Transi tion ”, 27.2 ,August 2001 ConsultingTimes; available from http://www.consultingtimes.com/articles/desktop/largo.html ; Internet; accessed on November 7, 2003 . [3] Miller, Robin, “Lar go loves Linux more than ever ”, 9 December 2002.3 , Newsforge.com; available from http :// newsforge .com /article .pl?sid =02/12/04 /2346215 &mode =thread&tid =19 ; Internet; ac cessed on November 7, 2003 . [4] The Dravis Group, “Open Source Software: Case Studies Examining Its Use”, .4 April available from http://www.dravis.net/reports.html ; Internet; accessed ;2003 on Novembe r 7, 2003 .

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+) $ 9 v BA B GO t , @ A & ' 8 ' - * r ] 8 ' # $A # . BBr$ A BA vA /r / CD9` ]+ . r A BA A A C ! # # B CD9` r # Aw` * s A r C * / # ., :#Br %: A k: /# %" ‡ [1] The Goa Sc hools Computer Project website; available from http://www.gscp.org ; Internet accessed on November 7, 2003 . [2] Martyris, Daryl, ‘Community – Government partnerships and open source .2 technology for low cost IT access in India – A case study ’, July 2003 ; available from ; http :// www .developmentgateway .com /node /133831 /sdm /blob?pid =5474 ; Internet accessed on November 7, 2003 . [3] Noronha, Freder ick, ‘Linux provides cheaper alternatives for schools in .3 India ’, 9/January 2002 , Newsforge .com; available from http :// newsforge .comarticle .pl?sid =02/01/09/1252220 &mode= thread&tid =23 ; Internet accessed on November 7, 2003 .

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[1] Wheeler, David, “Why OSS /FS? Look at the Numbe rs!” [home page online] ; available from http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html ; Internet ; accessed on November 7, 2003 . [2] “The Free Software Definition ”[home page online ]; available from http://www.fsf.org/philosophy/free -sw.html ; Internet; accessed on November 9, 2003 . [3] Open Source Initiative [home page online ]; available from http://www.opensour ce.org ; Internet; accessed November 8, 2003 . [4] Raymond, Eric S ., “The Cathedral and the Bazaar ” [home page online ]; available from http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/ca thedral -bazaar/cathedral -bazaar/ ; Internet; accessed on November 7, 2003 . [5] Raymond, Eric S ., “Release Early, Release Often ” [home page online]; available from http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral -bazaar/cathedral - bazaar /ar 01 s04. html ; Internet; accessed on November 7, 2003 . [6] Bengtsson, Lassing, Bosch, van Vliet, “Analyzing Software Architectures for Modifiability”; available from http://www.cs.rug.nl/~bosch/papers/SAAModifiability.pdf ; Internet; accessed on November 7, 2003 . [7] “An Open Letter To Hobbyists by Bill Gates – 1976 ”; available from http :// www .tranquileye .com /cyber /1976 /gates_open_letter_to_hobbyists .html Internet; accessed on November 7, 2003.

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