No. 186.

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li3rc~ibtnt:-GEORGE BARROW, F.G.S.

•JII.'~

THE NEXT MEETING of the Association will be held at University Colkge, Gower Street, W. c., on Friday. April 7th. 1916, at 7.30 p.m.• when the following paper will be read:

" NOTES ON THE CORALLIAN OF THE OXFORD DISTRICT, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE OCCURRENCE OF A PEBBLE·BED AT A CONSTANT HORIZON," by M. ODLING, M.A., B.Sc., F.G.S.

Wit'; an Appmdir on the "LlTilOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF SOME PEBBLES AliI) SAND GRAINS FROM A PEBBLE-BED IN THE CORALLIAN OF THE OXFOl

Two visitors may be introduced by each Member. The Council will meet at 6.30 p.m,

MEMBERS. Elected, March 3rd, 1916: Alfred Joseph Bull, 16, Vincent Road, Addiscornbe, Croydon; Mrs. J. F. COIYH, 39, Palace Road, Streatham Hill, S.W.; Herbert Lloyd, Croydon Rectory, Royston; Miss Margaret Molloy, 132, Bishop's Mansions, Fulharn, S.W.; Maurice Albion Ockenden, F.G.S., M.l. Mech. E., The Wigwam, Sanderstead, Croydon. Proposed for election, April 7th, 1916: Mrs. E. E. S. Browru aa, Manor Park, Lee,S.E. EXCURSIONS.

Crockenhill.-Satul'day, April :tat, 18i8. DJRECTORS: S. LEE and S. PRIEST, F.G.S.

EXCURSION SECRETARY: MISS EDITH CADMORE, 4, Ulundi Road, Blackheath, S.E.

Outward train: Holborn Viaduct, 1.29 p.m., Victoria, 1.34 p.m, ; due at Swanley Junction, 2.9 p.m. Return train: Swanley Junction, 7.15 p.m. ; due at Victoria, 8.8 p.m., Holborn Viaduct, 8.15 p.m, Return Ticket to Swanley Junction, 3s. od. Walking distance,S to 6 miles. Tea at Swanley Junction. Crockenhill, on the ridge between the Darent and its tributary the Cray, like Well Hill, two miles to the south, is largely composed of Eocene formations-Thanet Sand, Woolwich Beds and Blackheath Beds. Exposures in all these divisions will be visited, and certain superficial features arising from their denudation will be indicated. Attention will also be directed to the cultivation of the hill and the practice of " chalking" the land. Swanley Junction, steep sections in Thanet Sand. Walk thence to Stone's Cross, noting Woolwich shell-beds towards Boar's Hill, and, at The Green, physical features of Thanet Sand and Woolwich Beds. In Marl Pits field trench sections yield characteristic shells of the Woolwich Beds. Walk Past Bransel Bank and Woodlands Farm to a chalk pit at Crouch Farm. Pebble beds are developed within a short distance. At Shelmore and at Cacket's H ill outliers of pebble-beds give rise to well-marked surface features. An adjacent chalk pit shows vertical pipes filled with Thanet Sand. Return by field paths through Hazledene to Swanley Junction.

REFERENCES. Geological Map, London District (Drift Edition), Sheet 4. Ordnance Map, r-inch, Ordnance Map, 6-inch Kent 16, N.E. and S.E.; 17, N.W. and S.W.

Kew Gardens.-Saturday, April 8th, 1918.

Members will assemble at the main gate (Kew Green Gate) at 3 p.m. Entrance fee, rd. Tea may be obtained in the Gardens at IS. per head. Mr. W. B. Turrill, B.A., will give a demonstration upon" The Living Repre­ centatives of Ancient Groups of Plants." 1. FILICALES. Marattiaceee . Jlaraltia, Angiopteris. Ophicglossaceee : Botry­ dlium, Opltioglossum. Osmundacees : Osmunda, Todea, Schizaeacese, Sc!ti:raea, lygodium. Gleicheniaceee : GI4ich41lia. Hymenophyllacere: Hymmophyllum. Trichomanes, Marsiliacere: Marsilia, Pilularia. Salviniaceoe : Salvinia, Asolia . Cyatheaceee : c.J·atltea, Dicksonia, Alsophila, H4mitdia. Polypodiacere : Po/ypodium, Fossil forms of the above families. The Primofilices: connection with the Pteridosperms. 2. LYCOPODIALES. S.lagindla, Lycopodium, Fossil types: Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, Bothrodendron, Stigmaria. 3. EQUISETALES. Equisetum, Calamites. Connection with Sphenophyllales. 4. CYCADALES. Existing genera in the Palm Honse. Mesozoic and Cainozoic forms. ,. GiNKOALES. Cinf;gobiloba. Mesozoic forms and supposed Paleeozoic repre­ sentatives. Connection with existing groups, e.g., Cordaitales. 6. CONIFERALES. Living and fossil forms, Prepinus, Walc/zia, etc. Structure of fossil conifer wood. Amber and Kauri gum. Extant Gymnosperm groups and their connection with extinct forms. 7. ANGIOSPERMS. Time of origin. Suggested derivations. Possible primitive types: Magnoliacecc, Cupuliferzc, Salicacea.

Grays.-Saturday, April 15th, 1916.

DIRECTORS: G. E. DIBLEY, F.G.5., and A. S. KENNARD, F.G.S.

EXCURSION SECRETARY: B. E. L. CULPIN, 128, Wanstead Park Road, Hford, Essex.

Outward train: Fenchurch Street, LIS p.m.; due at Grays, 2 p.m. Return trains: Grays, 6.28 and 7.24 p.m., arriving at Fenchurch Street, 7.21 and 8.18 p.m. Return ticket to Grays, Is. 6d. Total walking distance, 4 miles. Arrangements will be made for tea at Grays. Photography: Members are requested not to bring cameras. From Grays Station walk to Grays chalk quarries to inspect Chalk of Micraster cor-anguinum zone. The pit has yielded the typical echinoderm abundantly, and fine specimens of Inoceramus undulato-plicatus val'. digitatus Schlut. Drift beds on top of the Chalk ma rk a former course of the Mard yke. Walk to the Wouldham Cement Company's quarry, where the Chalk is worthy of special attention as regards denudation prior to the deposition of the Tertiary beds. The quarry shows also bands 01 tabular flint, dipping south at low angles, and good sections of Middle Terrace river-drift deposits are exposed.

REFERENCES. Geologicall\lap. I in. Sheet I (Drift Edition). S.W. and S.E. I9:J5· HINTON, M. A. C., and KENNARD, A. S.-'· The Relative Ages of the Stone Implements of the Lower Thames Valley." Proc, Geoi. Assoc., vol. xix, Part 2. 1909. WOODWARD, H. B--" The Geology of the London District." "fern. Geoi. Survey. Price IS. 1910• HiNTON, M. A. C., and KENNARD, A. S.-" Excursion to Grays Thurrock.' Proc. Ceol. Assoc., vol. xxi, Part 9. Goring and Streatley.-Saturday, April 29th, 1916.

DIRECTORS: C. P. CHATWIN, F.R.M.s., and T. H. WITHERS, F.G.S.

EXCURSION SECRETARY: MISS PEARSE, 3. Besshorough Mansions. Westminster, S.W.

Outward train: Paddington (G.W.R.). 10.50 a.m., due at Goring, 12.3+ p.m. Return train: Goring, 7.24 pm. (Restaurant Car), arriving at Puddington, 9.2 p.m, Return ticket to Goring, price 7s. 6d. Total walking distance about g miles. Arrangements will he made for tea at Streatley. Members should provide themselves with sandwiches for lunch. This excursion is planned mainly for the purpose of examining the Chalk Rock (the Rtussianum sub-zone), of collecting fossils therefrom, and of noting its relations to the zone below. If possible, attention will be paid to the superficial deposits in the immediate neighbourhood. The first section to be visited is by the side of the river, at Cleeve, about half a mile north of Goring; here the typical fossils of the Rhynchondla ruuieri zone are fairly common. The party will then walk back through Goring village to White Hill, and will examine a roadside exposure in the Terehratulina zone, and, further along the road, another section which shows the junction of the zones of H. planuf and T,,·ebra!ulif/a. In this section the Chalk Rock (Reussianum sub-zone) is intensely hard and fossils are difficult to extract. A further exposure, which shows a well-marked marl band in a lower part of the Terebratuhna zone, will be seen at Gatehampton Farm. The party will cross the Thames by a ferry to Basildon, and follow a path from the river, past Basildon Church to the Wallingford-Reading road, near to milestone .. 8" from Reading. In the lane near this milestone a section shows the Chalk Rock with its bands of green nodules. Members will have an opportunity to collect the Gasteropods and other fossils characteristic of this rock band, The Wallingford road will then be followed to Streatley (distance about 2 miles), and the large pit by the side of the "Vantage road, to the north of the village, will be visited. In this pit two marl bands in the Terebratulina zone and the junction of this zone with that of H. plallus can be seen. The Chalk Rock here is accessible only to agile and venturesome persons.

REFERENCES.

Geological Survey, r-inch Maps (new series), Sheets 254 and 268.

1895. WHITAKER, W' o and BLAKE, J. H.-" Excursion to Goring." Proc, Grot. ASSbC., vel. xiv, p. 175. 1903. Mem. Geol. Suru. "The Geology of the Country around Reading" (Expl, of Sheet 268), pp, 8, 10. (9)8, CHATWIN, C. P., and WITHERS, T. H.-" The Zones of the Chalk in the Thames Valley." Proc. Grot. Assoc., vol, xx, pp. 392-394 and 405-407. Easter Excursion to Mere and Maiden Bl'adley.-April 2fat to April 26th, 1916.

DI RECTORS: DR. B. POPE BARTLETT and JOHN SCA NES.

EXC URSION SECRETAR Y: A. C. YOUNG, 17, Vicar's Hill, Lewisham, S.E.

HOTEL AND RAIL ARRAN GEME NTs.-Headquarters, Talbot Hotel , Mere, Wilts ; term s, 8s. 6d. per day, inclusive. As the accommodati on is very limited, some member s of the par ty will have to sleep out, but all can dine together at the Talbot. Members intending to tak e part in the excur sion should uirlt« at once La Mr. A. C. Young, who will do his best to find accommodation for them . No special railway fares can be obtai ned. Members may go down by any trai n they prefer, but the official party will leave Waterloo (L.S.W.R.), on Th ursday , Apr il aoth, by the 3.25 p.m. train, due at Gillingham ( change at Sal isbury) at 6.5 p.m, Single fare to Gillin gham, 8s. 9d. A 'bus runs from Gillingham to Mere, Members should take lun ch with them each day. Dinner each day at 7.30 p.rn,

PIWGRAMME. Friday, April 21st.-Walk to Dead Maid guarry, Mere U mile), and inspect an excellent exposure, which shows a local passage from the Chert Beds (Upper Green san d or Selbornian Group) to the Grey Chalk (Lower Chalk Group) . The point of interest at this quarry is the Glauconiti c Sandstone Bed, with ., Doggers," locally kn own as " Poppies and Cornstones," the upper porti on of which mark s a geological gap in the strata , and is, in addition, phosphatic and very fossiliferous. As this section is still being worked, many good fossils should be secured. Wal k a short distan ce to Man or Farm to view another exposure showing the Popple Bed and Chloritic Marl, an d afterwards proceed across the fields to Search Farm , Stourton, where exposures in the Corn stone Bed and Grey Chalk can be studied. From this point a good view of the local topography, including Mere Down (S.W. corner of Salisbury Pla in), and the effects of the fault line passing E. and W. through the town of Mere, can be obtained. Wal k through the village of Stourton, where the ancient Parish Church, the Old Cross, and the beautiful grounds of Stourhead may be visited. Tea at Stourton I nn, On the way back to Mere an exposu re in the Chalk Marl may be visited if time permits. Total distan ce to he walked about 7 miles. Saturday, April 22nd.-Leave Mere by motor-car s, visit a large quarry at White Sheet Down, worked in the Middle Chalk, and having a capping of Chalk Rock and about 3 ft. of Upper Chalk. From here tbe ear thworks (minutely described in Hoare's "Ancient Wil ts ") can be seen, and certain topographical elements which, in conjunction with the geological formation, influenced the original applica­ tion of the place-name" Deverill " to certain parishes not far dist ant, to which at a much later period a legendary story attached itself, and was generally accepted until geologically refuted a few years ago . Proceed to Norto n Ferris and inspect two quarries showing local passages from GEOLOGICAL,M AP OF THE MERE district of AND MAIDEN in WILTSHI:~ADLEY

Scale: 1 inch .

E~LANATION ~ ,f,'.",-- • Upper & Middle Chalk Lower Chalk j;i:;'::1. upper Greensand

_Gault

1$*3..K' Imcrldge Clay l#t~:1 Coral Rag 8 Upper Greensand to the Lower Chalk. Many fossils should be obtained from each of these exposures. Drive through Maiden Bradley to Cockerton Brickyard, and inspect a section worked in the Lower Gault of the Cockerton inlier. A portion of the trip will pass

Surface soil.

Chloritic marl with phosphatised fossils. Low", Chalk Glauconitic sand with phosphatic concre. Cenomanian. rions and fossils. This is the horizon of or 1 the majority of the to Warminster" Upper Greensand fossils. Corustones. \ :dJ',' :- ~ Glauconitic sand with calcareous • '.

White siliceous earth with chert nodules.

Upper Greensand or Selbomian. Glauconitic sand with fossils. ------

Cherts. Spiculiferous Beds. Glauconitic sand

Splculiferous sandstone.

Granular sandstone.

SECTION (SHOWING IN IgOl) IN MAIDEN BRADLEY QUARRY.

Vertical scale, !-inch to I foot. through Shear Water, where a lake has been made by flooding, during the t Sth century, the workings of an old brickmaking yard, Return to Maiden Bradley by way of Longbridge Deverill Church and Rye Hill Farm, and on the way call at a quarry in Longbridge Deverill, showing the 9 lower portion of the Spiculiferous Chert Beds. Stop at Baycliffe Quarry to inspect an upward continuation of the se beds. A few fossils may be obtained here . Drive to Somerset Arm s, Maiden Bradley, for tea. Afterwards visit the quarry, now almost concealed, from which many. if not the majority, of the so-called Warminster Upper Greensand fossils have been obtained. Th is journey of about thi rty miles will cover the whole of the collecting area of

Surface soil.

2 Chalk 111 arl.

.3 Glauconitic l\larl , with phosphatic nodules.

Phosphatic Led.

5 Ccmstones. Cal ca reous nodules in glau ­ conit ic sand , with fossils,

6 Large calcareous nodul es in glau coniric sand.

SECTION IN THE l.OWER CRET ACEOUS BE DS AT ;'\ORTON FERRIS, \\"ILTS.­ Dr. B. P~/Je B art lett,

Scale A·inch to 1 foot.

the " Warminster Upper Greensand fossils," and show why none of them could have been obtained from \Varminster itself, which rest s up CJn a much lower paleeontological horizon, somewhere between the Malm stone and the base of the Spiculiferous Beds. Maiden Bradley ha s a very ancient Parish Church, and also remains of an ancient Leper Ho spital, afterwards chan ged to an Augu stinian Priory, but now a farm. If it should be desired, the se could be visited, and I\Ir. Scanes will deal with their histories. Monday, April 24th.-Proceed in cars to Silton, Dorset, where one of the best exposures of the Corallian Beds of this part of N orth Dorset may be examined. It shows a section of compact oolitic shelly limestone correlating with the Trigonia Beds at Weymouth; Corallian fossils may be obtained. Drive to Gillingham, and examine the exposure of Kimmeridge Clay at the Giliingham Brickworks, from which many Saurian remains have been obtained. Proceed to Shaftesbury, noticing a brickyard in the Gault near the road. Pass through Shaftesbury to Cann Comm on, where a quarry near the main road shows 3 ft. of Glauconiti c Sandstone containing many casts of C. columbarius and other Cen omani an fossils; drive thence to I\Ielbury Hill, where 10 the quarry described in the JhmOlYs ofthe C'ological Suyve)' may be examined, and the junction of the Cenomanian and Selbornian in North Dorset studied and compared with the same in South Wilts. A large-quarry in the Sandstone and Chert Beds of the Upper Greensand may be visited on the way back to Shaftesbury if time permits. Tea at Shaftesbury,

Tuesday, April 25th.-Walk to Wolverton , examine a cave in the Upper Greensand (history uncertain), and the lower beds of the Upper Greensand with the springs issuing from them. Proceed to , examine the Pen Pits, and exposures in the Upper Greensand. Walk to the north part of Bourton to examine the great fault and exposures in the upper layers of the Corallian Beds, the stone from which resembles the Osmington oolite in appearance. Proceed to Cucklington, where the Pisolite Beds of the Corallian are well shown (see page 4°5, Man. Ceol. Suro., " Upper Oolite Rocks "). From the village a grand view of the Blackmore Vale may be seen and its geology studied. Return to Bourton, where the Director will provide tea and show his collection of fossils obtained in the district. Total distance to be walked about 7 miles.

Wednesday, April 26th.-Walk to the quarry on Mere Downs, which shows the Chalk Rock and a bout a ft. of Upper Chalk. Many Micrasten and otherfossils may be obtained. Examine the geological structure of the Downs with the terraces towards their base. Walk to the quarry on the top of Charnage Hill, which shows a good section of the Middle Chalk, with the Chalk Rock and about 6 ft. of Upper Chalk at the top. A shallow exposure in the Upper Chalk at West Knoyle may be visited if time permits, and high Chalk fossils obtained. Tea at Mere on return. Distance to be walked about 4 miles. Return train to London leaves Gillingham 5.26 p.m. j due at Waterloo 8.7 p.m.

REFERENCES.

Ordnance Survey i\lap, Sheet 297 (New Series), r-inch scale. Cretaceous, 1836. FITTON, W. H.-" Strata between the Chalk and the Oxford Oolite." Trans. Geol. Soc., ser, 2, vol. iv, 1883. WOODWARD, HORACE.-" Pen Pits." Jiidla11d Naturalist. (See also Sir R. C. Hoare's "Ancient Wilts " for a good description-" Deverill," vide Hoare's Station iv). 1883. HINLJE, G. j.-" Catalogue of fossil Sponges." 1896• JUKES-BROWNE, A. j.-" Fossils of the Warminster Upper Greensand." Geol, J/ag., dec. iv, vol. iii, p. 261. 1901. JUKES-BROWNE, A. j., and SCANES, j.-" The Upper Greensand and Chloritic Marl of Mere and Maiden Bradley, in . " Quart. :fourn. Geoi. SOL, vol, lvii, P: 96. Igol. ., Excursion to Warminster and Maiden Bradley." Proc. Geoi, Assoc., vol, xvii, pt. 4. Igoo-4.-jUKES-BROWNE, A. j.-" The Cretaceous Rocks of Britain," vols, i, ii, and iii. Mem. Geol. Su,v

:Jurass;c. 1877. BLAKE, J. F., and HUDLESTON, W. H.-" The Corallian Rocks of England." Quart. :Journ. Geo). Soc., vol. xxxiii, pp. 278, 279. 1895. WOODWARD, H. B.-" Jurassic Rocks of Britain (Upper and Middle)," vol. v, Mem. Geot. Survey.

NOTE.-The geological map and the section in Maiden Bradley quarry in this circular are reproduced, by the kind permission of the Council of the Geological Society. from the paper by Messrs. A. J. Jukes-Browne and John Scanes.

OTHER EXCURSIONS FOR 1916.

DATE. PLACES. DIRECTORS. May 6 Oxshott C. J. Grist, M.A. May 13 Tunbridge Wells Dr. G. Abbott, F.G.S. l\lay 20 Northaw . The President. May 27 Bourne End and Maidenhead L. Treacher, F.G.S. June 3 June 10 Stevenage . B. E. L. Culpin, F.G.S. June 17 Godstone . W. Whitaker, F.R.S. June 24 Ashtead and Headley G. W. Young, F.G.S. July I Sunningdale H. W. Monckton, F.G.S. & R. F. de Salis, F.G.S. July 8 July 15 Chesharn The President.

ARTHUR L. LEACH, F.G.S. (Secretary), Giltar, Shrewsbury Lane, ii/arch 24th, 1916. Woolwich, S.E.