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M^FÄIS JOSEPH CZARWCHOIAS combined tew artes a little the AND AUSTRIAN CAWA.IRY. AMD GERMAN CAVALRY. AND COSSACKS. AND BRITISH ARTILLERY, AND FRENCHrtrAMTRV, risc of ono million dollars. ^ WAR STRENGTH / ARMY WAR STRENGTH TOTAL WAR STRENGTH ARMY WAR FOOTING ARMY 5,500,000 730000 noogoo©WAR STRENGTH had assumed tlic of u position protec¬ three powers lu tho triple entente tor of Turkey und tn return couuted there the ure approximately 10,000.000 tuen. upon Turkish, army ns a re-en- The troops of the Balkan states. Ser¬ ^**ream forcement tu the armlos of the triple via, Reuníanla, and Bul- she was Montenegro alliance, obliged to stand gurln. us well aa nf Greece, are trained Is e nslde and permit ber ally to attack Entente veterans today, liai lug emerge ! re and dismember her friend. e Alliance comly from arduous campulgusagulust As for Austria, for nearly a dozen Turkey. Good Cream years the statesmen or the dual mon¬ Great Russia archy liuve perceived the chuuge In Relative Fighting 8tr«ngth. :: Ice Cream :: Britain, France Allied tile - anda direction of Italian ambition Germany, Austria and Joined In Assuming that the wai lust spread For Joint Armetriple alliance at present ex- friendly neutrality should be The viatica. 1 Its face that between tweedledum und Gain o Hftli of that of Russia ai d lo.« CARDS between Aus¬ Germany original triple alliance of 1S83 luting Germany,- attacked by France. To protect the was concluded for u tenn of tire PPW'%HB tweedledee, but In fact lt. may be very than one-half of/ the mínimum ol tria II unga ry ¡ind was interests years, tr^i1¡B,;«ut'¿ib. u, friendly Italy- of Germany Bismarck ur- and when lt in 1887 boud much more. Au alliance may pe just France, being about 750,000 mc», ll v on expired the Irre¬ E| betwwi^.Vip^isJu. Euglnud '.9 "».«>.. ...-..r.. -ti ..2 originally formed May 20, ranged lu 1S87 a BO much a cinsh bet weentho. ' neutrality treaty.with dentists and other radical factions in 'M mid Fhiiici:. ls'if leKucy which stronger than.an entente, aa three great powen %? ;"; JS&>; and renewed from time to time, Russia, which was an of the r canceled, however, Italy Strongly opposed the renewal of Hdwurd VII. of Euglund left entente is stronger than no rein- triple alliance and the three oi * ..".'''.'V the last timo on Dec. 7, 1912. !t was a fvw years later by his successor. to Ue was rion the triple entente the navies must ncc SAYBE ft CAXDWIF tho the agreement, lt reqvrired all the In- posterity.. the morint; spirit whatsoever. The triple entente at crowning masterpiece auu, next to Cuprivi. tinonee lu lin formation. lt present ls a series of dun! et-sarily play a great if not tin J the of S und ^political persuasion oí befall with uii understand¬ sari, lanification Germany, tbc great¬ Italy Versus France. Premier to agreement entered Into between Great ings between three powers. chief part. nch io vein eut of Prince Crisp! bring Italy into est'diplomatic Italy entered the triple nlllnnce In line, in ism the Brita in und Prance and was In fact, it may be sold of all these Just what tho objective will be wbei * "Iron chan¬ issi:, treaty was again completed Blockier Bldg. B. ° Bismarck, Germuny's great soon after the French Invasion renewed, as lt was. In but with by u later agreement with Russia and alliances between the groat powers thc great forces uro launched fort! * AndeMon, C cel It was really the outgrowth of of Tunis bud 1802, Citizen a National Bank Bldg. ° l^r.M roused the Italinn people distrust and on tbe the two others In 11)07. that they are entered Into with great upon foreign soil cou only be deter * . the': dual alliance between Ger immy to a wrath added opposition KallegbvN. C. point of -and bitterness of i The last Its formation Wus ac ni a ted by sev¬ caution und n determination on the mined by the exigencies of the cum ,.. and Austria .concluded on part Italy. renewal ...[? Oct 7, 1S79, which for the moment quite extinguish was for u of eral things. 'but toe part of the statesmen not to go too far, palgn. If lt ls a seacoast or * and signed nt Vienna Count Andros- ed ul) ancient term twelve years,, and chiefly .by growth^ .por by grudges toward Austria in 1904 the some what modi¬ ot Germany's miva! power. That not tb commit themselves to alliances then the navy may decide tin sy, 'then minister of and even alliance, virtually Austro-Hungarian temporarily quieted the ugl fied lu Its was cuuhi be Interpreted only OS u menace wbleb .may entangle them in broils struggle before the army gets to t In affairs, and Prince Reuss, at tnt lan for the terms, reuewed for ten forego "redemption" of tho years, with tho provision tbut uuy ode (p Epglaiid. for England ta tlie su¬ with nations with which they really Held to strike it» blow. that time v . German ambassador at the Tivutlno and Trlest of preme lord of the sens. haye no quarrel. An Instance ot this Austrian court This italian bitterness fhé contracting powers bod the Navio» tn the Entente. toward France right to cancel Its adherence to the England's admittance Into the under¬ caution ls found In -the so called en¬ :.: * Iii his "Hemlniscenees*' Prince Bis¬ lasted until ÍSÜO. In its fiercest mo¬ alliance notice standing between Husslit and Prance trance ef Groat Britain In 1007 in the Russia's naval complement today li CA8EÏ ft . by oUe -be¬ ?. marck wlth-rep* rkable candor ments it a giving, year " explain¬ provoked tniiff war which made thc entente a formidable sphere of the triple alliance. Friend¬ approximately' 200 vessais. Of thl j. .,. ed ilie considerations cost fore the expiration of the treaty. triple * * which prompted Italy many millions. The military force to reckon with If uulted In ac¬ ship between Italy, a party to tb/, number thirteen arc battleships, eli ABCHITECT8 bini to form tho alliance with Austria. expenditures Tho last reuéwal of. the alliance was § necessary \o keep Italy tunde on Dec. T. 1912, two, be¬ tion. triple alliance, and England ls tradi¬ .armored cruisers, eight cruisers, niue Unrealized the of up to her engagements with lier yeurs tional. *. .» V :. *' necessity protecting allies fore the of The triple alliance was alleged vy-live destroyers, forty-two torpedi * Anderdon, 8. C. against aggression on al¬ cost still more. AB for re¬ expiration the agreement, Anglo-French' Agrcomsnt of 1904. to be Brown Office Germany by Tunis, it ti ei-s hostile to Great Italy boats, thirty-one submarines. Bnildlng and it ls ! al that. Almtnj * .? liance' with another An mained French, und In 1S00 tuojj this preiUU The so call¬ Britain,.yat Second Floor. great- power. and 1002 turo renewal'was due to the fact that Anglo-French agreement, could hut feel that In some spheres to.waylay un enemy's navy and pre Phone 259 .. alliance with France, for obvious rea¬ France und Italy recognized France in ed, qf 11)01 was rather a diplomatic she had. to certain changes.'lu the were nec- with respect Great Britain, yent Its reaching a certain point o Tunis ' treaty than nu sons,* was out of the question. . The nail ns France compromise agreement. -France a coin mun Morocco, wo|l. essa so us to make the alliance policy. uniting with the navy of a friend!, choice was between Russin and Aus¬ agreed to un Italian ry more' conceded certa In rights.claimed ou the While was for ultimate protec¬ lu view or the com¬ this some time a mere power, the cruisers and destroyers am tria-Hungary. Bismarck did not hesi¬ torate In Tripoli. binding expected "French shore" of Newfoundland for was of in ike Lia lkil u re- understanding, lt Bitch Impor¬ auxiliary vessels would be able to d tate- long with his decidion in favor of With these treaties the Italian enthu¬ plications peninsula an Indemnity. Kn« ta nd on her tance that Lord sultiug rroúi tliC annexation of part Lansdowne said on one good work. * ~ siasm Bosnia T. - Austria; .. for the AuKtro-Gerronn nlllnnce recognized the claims anti ambitions of occasion lu the' house of "If Frank Watkins gas*! L. ftf&tt and the lords, The naval .. , He knew .'that Itu ss la would be a cooled Thc Italian desire to Herzegovina by Austria and France in In strength of France ls near r; \- Visibly. thu whr in Balkans. Morocco, other words a the 8tntUB quo In thc Mediterranean ly three times Unit of her mors' powerful ally but with bis usual include in the kingdom tho Italian the free unod in' that France should bc disturbed, this co|iurtnei WATKINS & PBINCB Acumen The triple alliance '.s based upon spjïêrW/ country might Kassia. France ali cady hus two Drem! J and almost prophetic foresight speaking territories of Austria reassert¬ .'agreed not to fortify opposite Gib¬ And Itself acth.g in co-operation with * J< ho realized that such an alliance would ed lt.se!f. Filially tho Austrian annex¬ three treuties; the llrst between . Ger¬ Tba noughts afloat, twenty-seven other- bot Attorneys,and ConnKellor-sflUw and Austria, tho «ecoud raltar, accepted British occupation of Italy." bearing of that remark tleships. twenty-two. armored crulsen * lat Floor . In the end be fatal to tho national nud ation nf Bosnia and. Herzegovina many between Egypt, ami England guaranteed the upon tho Italian relations, with Ger¬ Stockley Bldg, racial Interests of the Teutonic 11 m up ht Italy face 'to face with the Germany'and Italy,.und the be¬ fifteen crulsera. eighty-four destroyer« AnderiniutfaT peoples tween Austria tbjrd neutrality of tho Sues canal. Other many and. Austria, the other two three hundred and i, of Europe. Ho foresaw the tremendous possibility of rt future Austrian expnn and. Italy. The^ terms covered parties tu the was twenty-four torpi agreements thirty years free triple alliance, made do boats and s nb nu growth of pan-Slavism so cn re ful ly nur- sion ulong the Adria tte In Albania.' and of tue'treaty';.between .Germany anil plain the Italian seventy-eight re. trading in ¡ Egypt .and Morocco and by primo minister: in rlnes. Thus France alone would tared'und disseminated the Increasing strength of the Austria n pfac rica1 ly lui muk * . * . by Russia, and Austrian tn*;, spine inlnár;disputed .boundaries. 1000. wben he said that, "Cordially n . * nt the hi of fleet raised questions the those of .the original treaty of 1879 faithful to very good showing against German aiming supremacy Europe concerning the triple alliance we shall alene on the sea. ene. with Russia of the Adriatic and Russia- The AngIo-nuti3¡an of 1907. Germany having few '*?. ." ?- Shivs, as the mastery which pro- against " ^groomcnt maintain our traditional ruling f aro'.directed; intimacy with er vessels in number o .power. Bismarck knew that Austria, mindly st tired tho whole nation. Gennun-ltnlkin treaty provides for The Ariglo-riiisslan convention ot Great Britain and our sincere than France, *'. BB. .*. friend¬ Austria and combinée * L. H. SNIDES 5 In a greater measure waa threat- mutual ussUtuuce in case either of the 1007 regulates' the west against Italy - . even, Italy»«: Army Olvidad. interest^/tjrç., ship with France, thus continuing the of which -. the cf twp powers,- should .bo attacked nnd central Asia, and the. two navies .number bu * eiieu hy nscendiifiC-y tbs £l-v; rr Uh ïûe 'iTîiJvïîi-.n-,' espeält&s the by. amounted, when policy which Ul carefully fostering the hu mired and VKll'BINABY SüBOEON more Prance.'- Dy tho ..terms Of .the treaty made to practical abandonment or the hai three four vessels agni us J. 4Úd had, even reason thadi'Ger¬ lost septlmentul, connectîou ."with" Ber¬ mo».y cf international relations, and *' to fear between Austria '...md Italy ! friendly traditional of to us .to tiie fire hundred fifty-two o many Russian aggression and lin «nfl Vienna va nlstîêd. if any1 stilt hostility England permits exercise a rule of con¬ France. is Frx^wéírCo. Staíla \ - neutrality. is assured should Germany stronger In battit interference, particularly in the Balkan survived. From Berlin came a denun¬ by Italy Russia; also removing tho chances of cord and peace In the council of na¬ * of Austria bb attacked by Russia, and J»y collision tn.Asia, where two na- tions." .hips than France, but not HO strop Phone M. S. C * península.. ciation .Italian aggression which .tho In armored nor Anderson,* . Austria, cruisers in terned : Ï7 :. ,'. T,» ? ; fairly astounded Gie should Italy be attacked by] i:o'= which parts England to check Russian und French À great European conflict ls a Imo« public The German-Austrian and Russia '- tain French,agreements, bad legalized, Ger¬ jmade Persia, ; to observe tho Is to unthinkable unless the tremendous se lt «yon? _ ?^è^balantM..ol.:?pdwer"|^^.En^lîpe however, on aggressiveness-thai say, by ally¬ abd Insure the continuance of peace. man newspapers denounced Italy as a agreement, whs published same rule In Other parts.' their re¬ with these power of Great Britain-would AI Feb. a, nt tbe of la¬ '' Ip ing'Itself two powers and play mêlant Haelr.l worthlees and: perfidious ally, and gave 1883, Instigation is spective spheres "of lnfl uence either a of part. naval force kinship, national, traditions and marck, to a io securing balance power in tbs England's ls create com mon interests favored reedy currency to'repbrts ot the brutal pat stop Busslft's war¬ power might use force tacoilect debts, entente it than that,of France, if the number e strongly of like preparatlour. might be able to hold Its co¬ (Austria ns tho natural ally of Germany, .tty. Italian trpçps. \, Afghanistan Russia declared outside partners within hounds. For instance. vessels in a navy la to.be taken ns ti aha* these considerations Induced tho To all these Sources of1 Italian blt: rhs ñéá of Itily. ot her, sphere, and both powers o greed In any indication of Its errec tive strength. Em terness Ia now 'qbarrclHñ.-which either France chancellor to conclude the defensivo al¬ there added the serious Ostensibly the treaties u[ion which the to negotiate ns to Thibet, through or Russia, ,or; both combined/ land bas thirteen of the class of supei in : might ...i ... », liance of 187». v./r'.U change conditions the Tripolltnn;.nn- alliance ls based provide only for tbe China. engage. England would.not consider It¬ Dread n ou g li ts, of which class no po wi jf.TTS-. ¿'.».ni.??S^U'Vsi»'/> JV - nos rtt ion Under the ternis, of the original has brought.' -Henceforth' for conduct abd attitude ot the contract-, self bound to in the triple alliance has oven ot many years a Join ¡Vita them, but treaty the two'po\yerb .were to combine targe Italian army will ?lng powers w the event br war with would as u matter afloat today, although Germany nt DR. M. R. íiiive to he keptrin Tripoli. hi the The arrangement and; terms ot tho of.justice or policy three in the CAMPBELL their entire military, strength for ma« .'But Russia or;France." , / seek to process of building. A event bf n war. triple entente .have been formally set restialn them. For this reason 112 W. I taal support in bo** either ot ibo two between'.tho triple hill- There lu little doubt, however, that the that the for. Dreadnoughts, of which Germar should- be' attacked sucemid British and forth tia follows: position triple entente as WhítnWSfe:;; powers by Russia. the.trlplo.entente under these general terms specifica¬ The alms of tho n whole may take, or that the Indi« hes seventeen, Great Britain has si: Gronnd floor-telephone'«CH. Should one'of tho two relied be French fleete;wealdwmmrfrid the com- tions were' made as to triplo entente, so teen to supplement her thirteen' powers the .ccaduct of called. Great Britain. vidual powers lb' the, supe nolens, , .attacked by some.othet bower the 'munlca'Ùop wlthribe Italian península, each France, and Rus¬ agreement''may. Dreadnoughts and otb* . . forty-eight otb-, bf'thi&vpowers Interested=lb. tibio sia, i - take tn a like .that of n «r agreed bot to support- the attacking while Egyptian and Algerian armies cf peace., it thu« became evident Soon ore:', cletis quarrel battleships as against the thirty < -would be able to Invado Tripoli ilsolr, Flrst-Tho balance of power. between ñ'member of the .triple alli«' thia class In the power, add to preserve ni least nea r .after the rearrangement ot tho treaty ance and a German nat/. 1 statblfiier.dly to the power. By her African expédition Italy has ra ßoeOnd.-fcIren«thenlng of the treaty* petty power,. is usually a cruisers and destroyers, torpedo »»»KI .trbl nUle-j; a by Bismarck, abd Crispí et Friedrichs¬ matter for slow deliberation. -Should Russia measure given hostages to. the sea law-In the iniiresta of peace" and the and submarines, vessel* fn- * -. . <: ,, support th* -attacking ruh, in tbeisprtng of 1887, that Italy However, lo any event the ottltudo tho two, alRes porers. undertaken to a. status quo. rapid action, Erv! «i.d ," ¡power.,however, Should. had maintain for¬ ' of the two combinations,- the i¡¿aui\,tt miske cornmón cause bflwlT»t the enemy Woalsaned ca an Ally. midable fleet! oq tila' Mediterranean, Thlrd.-DIsarrnnmenL triple superior of Goruuiuy* a*.1f A« for. the * 'Af thc whílo ns a Itoilan In April. IOO4; the catante was made alliance and the triple entente, toward Great Britain's destroyers mimbi -ÜusMislT'risd'J^n^iä'.agfiressorU I, German aspe/ quirt pro quo ttgrleul- each other, In .a crisis- makes , Theltcrma of .TTroPCo add This impor¬ two the oyiffliw: wero rath-, course, to*- , iTur¬ ?tbrnl havb convenient betWepny England. hundred and fifteen, ^^VW^Jfcaiiap pröduets,Were;tö - Germany and year when Georg» tant the relsttvo-. strength ofteach. lt ¡ér one sided ¡ííl^d v¿ú¿ .element key, woakaned. Italy maplfcsy..-, Aa iaccess to .Germany sod, Austria. It;js Kling ot. England ls destroyers one hundred nod'forty-on lof reciprocity. Under the agreement ally, since it.diminished '09 th»i bas visited Paris tn April tbore was much estimated that the war footing of Great Britain's torpedo boats numb« ' tiç^.E«,oiTeao ^ntsöRevident $tnco 'Germany spéculât lou nmon th?* trióle slllónee-thot ls,' . the' two allied 'powers'...were bound to army. and Increased .-her,vulnerability ^b^gbh jd construct « modéra fleet Italy g statesmen and pnb- Austria, ww hundred and eighteen as again jwrinbrt oa'fthe other only SgalnStRaji* to Anglo-French attacli.But. what bAS not maintained the flect.of the late llciats. about tho? possible transforma¬ Germany. Italy-is 8^000.060 men In Germany*o forty-seven, and Great Bli blnv. But Austria waa In Imminent wa* even tion -of the entente Into; arv alliance. round numbera. \.: To, offset this mill- lin's submarines only more serious, «t shattered fjUfhties In first c)asa order br. hag- . number aeventy-sev« i*Jsn£ar of -bc-ipg attacked by Rossie, tr-e bonds between .Germany -and mtuitcd It by distinctively modern This notwitostnndlngjho fact that tn cary strength' 'nf the nation^. .which to offset twenty-soven in tho navy < most dangerous enemy, tras j. 1007 Russia had become a member ct j. Austria may call to her assistance In (Gtarmany'a J Turkey because, although Germany craft ^.kaiser.. t .' '?-'-'? tot entente, uiaklag a I. case ot aggression bv any one of the triplicate. ': ''.' /.?.'.??'??? \ iv*'..iv ¿ y-v ". _:>.r V':''V^K;:. ',: