IN-SITE ANALYSIS The scope of the in-site analysis document is according to the approved AF “to inform participants on problems solved and good practices implemented”. The provided information should be brief, in order participants of the Study Visits to have a clear view of the Fortress and actions, projects and policies which have been developed around it or planned to be developed.

Name of the Fortress, ZANDVLIET ( REGIONAL LANDSCAPES, Location )

Conterscherp, 2040 Zandvliet https://goo.gl/maps/oYvE3RfvMMfsmjHX9 Brief Historical  Zandvliet is a village that is part of the Antwerp district of Background Berendrecht-Zandvliet-Lillo (BeZaLi) with 10.000 inhabitants in total.  The place Zandvliet is already mentioned in 1135 as Santflit. This means "navigable stream through the sand".  In 1622-1627, the Spanish general Spinola transformed the village of Zandvliet into a fortification with seven strongholds, in defense of Antwerp and as a base to the north. Nearby were the Lillo and Frederik-Hendrik State forts and the fortified city of Bergen-Op-Zoom. The works took six years and gave the village the appearance of a fortified city. And is comparable to Damme (which is better preserved)  At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the French finally drove the Spaniards out of Zandvliet and the fortress was demolished. In the street pattern of Zandvliet one can still largely find the route of the former fortress: Noordvest and Zuidvest, Conterscherp and Kattewal.  On 1 February 1953 there has been the biggest flood disaster of the 20th century in the region, also in Zandvliet  In the 1960s the port expansion changed the polder landscape and also the village.  Nicaise De Keyser, famous painter. Keyzerlei Current Status  The north part of the fortress city is recognizable because of the road Conterscherp, a beautiful cobblestone road through the village of Zandvliet. This road forms the half of the ‘star’ shape with four (out of seven originally) strongholds (ramparts/bastions).  Unfortunately most of the former walls are built over and canals are covered. most structures in the south have disappearedsome places relief differences of the city wall

IN-SITE ANALYSIS – ZANDVLIET (ANTWERP REGIONAL LANDSCAPES, BELGIUM) 1

are still clearly visible. For example at the alley ‘Bergske af’ which means downhill.  there are also many a few street names that refer to the fortress city o Conterscherp, which means o Spaansemolenstraat o Kattewal o Walenhoek  In general Zandvliet is a quite village with limited services and also the accessibility is low, most people rely on a car  the location nearby the and the border with the Netherlands gives the place a special character, typical with border areas.  Zandvliet has many heritage walking tours and also mentions ‘the secrets of the Spanish city’ (de geheimen van de Spaansche stad)  Event of the year is Ganzenrijden (goose riding) and is typical tradition (folklore) in the polders Recent projects Very limited implemented  Spatial structure plan for the polder villages Zandvliet and Berendrecht (structuurschets)  RUP landschapskamers ‘landscape chambres’ as an action to keep building land open. This spatial implementation plan is in process (city of Antwerp) Projects under  Hiking trails survey and discussion of priorities/actions implementation or  Memorial of 200 years Mill planned to be implemented

Local, regional, national Preservation: and/or European  Zandvliet, no preservation … policies used related to  The main part of the star shape of Zandvliet is covered the preservation of the within the CHE-area: in this area there is extra attention Fortress and the for the architectural patrimony. development of the area Development  none Local, regional and/or Local national stakeholders  District BeZaLi (Berendrecht-Zandvliet-Lillo): involved o Policy maker: Jan Smets (secretary) Rudi Sempels (heritage) o civil servants: Frederick Bruneel (public space), Liesbeth Sleymer (communication), Pieter Linders (culture)  City of Antwerp, heritage: Johan Veeckman, Karen Minsaer  Port of Antwerp: heritage Sigrid Fruytier (heritage), Inge De Wolf (marketing Communication).  Local guide: Werner Bril (correspondent Simon Stevin)

IN-SITE ANALYSIS – ZANDVLIET (ANTWERP REGIONAL LANDSCAPES, BELGIUM) 2

: Piet Lombaerde (prof. heritage) Regional  Regional Landscape de Voorkempen: Ines Van Limbergen, Sophie Maris, Anne Stuer  Province of Antwerp, heritage: Joke Bungeneers  Flemish region, heritage: Jasmine Michielsen, Dirk Artois National  Simon Stevin stichting: Luc Olyslager  EFFORTS: Raf De Roo Public consultations (if  Public consultations in context of the structure plan any)  Participation moment hiking trails and

Public opinion Zandvliet as ‘Spanish city’. The theme is included in the brochures of the heritage walks, however this is not translated into the field. The most important structure is ‘Conterscherp’.This is a disappointment at first sight but if you look further there are small accentuations and relief differences (for example Bergske af’ which means downhill) Existing problems  the location in the port area with safety rules (SEVESO) related the preservation and more specifically the close proximity nuclear power of the Fortress and the plant on the left river bank, development of the area

Problems solved related  Design of structure plan and RUP landschapskamers the preservation of the Fortress and the development of the area

Good practices used Not really, and if there is already one, maybe the preservation of Conterscherp

Policy instruments  Spatial structure plan for Berendrecht-Zandvliet related to the Fortress  Havenland, plan for recreation in the port of Antwerp. preservation and development

Brief evaluation of the  Zandvliet is a typical village in the Antwerp polders and status before Study seems like old times, it's a quiet life in Zandvliet, this is Visit also due to the border region. The largest and most important decisions are taken by the Antwerp city council, in that sense the district BeZaLi is not independent. this

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means that there are little or no investment in the city, however the new Leisure Center (Vrije Tijdscentrum) is a nice achievement and is the exception that confirms the rule.  without preliminary consultation or process there are some projects to think of for the fortified structures in Zandvliet, for example restoration of the canals and, for example, the public agricultural garden outside lacis, improving views of the inner ramparts and the village, making the Conterscherp car-free Webpages related to the Webpages in Dutch only Fortress containing  https://www.staatsspaanselinies.eu/nl/de-staats- useful information for spaanse-linies/lijstweergave/linie:versterking- participants zandvliet.htm  Heritage walking tours Zandvliet (in Dutch only) link

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IN-SITE ANALYSIS – ATTACHMENT MAPS & IMAGES

ZANDVLIET

Location of Zandliet within the Antwerp region

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Map Ferraris 1777

Current aerial view

Digital Height Model (DHM) the inner wall is visible in some places

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Preservations

CHE – area (city of Antwerp) residential area with cultural, historical and / or aesthetic value

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Zandvliet in 17th century

Map of polders in 1797 Sketch of fortified structures Zandvliet

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comparison Damme (above) and Zandvliet (below), both fortified towns from the same periode - State Spanish war (eighty years of war)

IN-SITE ANALYSIS – ZANDVLIET (ANTWERP REGIONAL LANDSCAPES, BELGIUM) 9

Conterscherp

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Botermarkt

Goose ridning (Ganzenrijden) typical folklore in the polders ²

New Leisure Center and Church Bergske Af (downhill)

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Structure plan: fortress structure as part of walking tour around the village (rondje dorp)

Heritage walking tour: reference to the Fotrtress city (Spanish city) and explanation about the seven-pointed star

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