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Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets Silica, Quartz Is Handled, Used, Or Stored

Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets Silica, Quartz Is Handled, Used, Or Stored

Right to Know

Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet

Common Name: SILICA,

Synonyms: Silica, Crystalline; Crystallized Dioxide CAS Number: 14808-60-7 Chemical Name: Quartz RTK Substance Number: 1660 Date: February 2010 Revision: April 2016 DOT Number: None

Description and Use EMERGENCY RESPONDERS >>>> SEE LAST PAGE Silica, Quartz is an odorless, colorless, white or reddish Summary crystalline (-like) . It is used in making , Hazard Rating NJDHSS NFPA , and other Silica containing products, and as an HEALTH 4 - and filtering agent. FLAMMABILITY 0 - REACTIVITY 0 - CARCINOGEN DOES NOT BURN

Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; Reasons for Citation 4=severe  Silica, Quartz is on the Right to Know Hazardous

Substance List because it is cited by OSHA, ACGIH, NIOSH,  Silica, Quartz can affect you when inhaled. NTP and IARC.  Silica, Quartz is a CARCINOGEN. HANDLE WITH  This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance EXTREME CAUTION. List.  Contact can irritate the eyes and nose.  Exposure to high levels of Silica, Quartz can cause a very serious disease called with cough and shortness of breath. Very high exposures can cause Silicosis to develop in a few weeks; with lower exposures it may occur over many years. Silicosis may cause death. SEE GLOSSARY ON PAGE 5.  If Silicosis develops, chances of getting Tuberculosis are increased.  For more information, consult the Right to Know Hazardous FIRST AID Substance Fact Sheets on SILICA, and Eye Contact SILICA, TRIPOLI.  Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower lids. Remove contact

lenses, if worn, while rinsing. Workplace Exposure Limits Skin Contact OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is:  Remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated skin with soap and water. 10 mg/m3 % Silicon Dioxide +2 (as respirable dust) averaged Inhalation over an 8-hour workshift, and  Remove the person from exposure.  Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if 30 mg/m3 breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. % Silicon Dioxide +2 (as total dust)  Transfer promptly to a medical facility. averaged over an 8-hour workshift.

NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is 0.1 mg/m3 (as respirable dust) averaged over a EMERGENCY NUMBERS 10-hour workshift. Poison Control: 1-800-222-1222

CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300 ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is NJDEP Hotline: 1-877-927-6337 0.025 mg/m3 (as the respirable fraction) averaged National Response Center: 1-800-424-8802 over an 8-hour workshift.

 Silica, Quartz is a CARCINOGEN in humans. There may

be no safe level of exposure to a carcinogen, so all contact should be reduced to the lowest possible level. SILICA, QUARTZ Page 2 of 7

Determining Your Exposure Reproductive Hazard  Read the product manufacturer’s Material Safety Data  According to the information presently available to the New Sheet (MSDS) and the label to determine product Jersey Department of Health, Silica, Quartz has not been ingredients and important safety and health information tested for its ability to affect reproduction. about the product mixture. Other Effects  For each individual hazardous ingredient, read the New  Exposure to Silica, Quartz over a long of time can Jersey Department of Health Hazardous Substance Fact cause a very serious lung disease called Silicosis. Simple Sheet, available on the RTK website Silicosis may only cause changes in the chest x-ray. Very (http://nj.gov/health/workplacehealthandsafety/right-to- high exposures can cause Silicosis to develop in a few know) or in your facility’s RTK Central File or Hazard weeks; with lower exposures it may occur over many years. Silicosis may cause death. Communication Standard file.  If Silicosis develops, chances of getting Tuberculosis are  You have a right to this information under the New Jersey increased. Worker and Community Right to Know Act and the Public Employees Occupational Safety and Health (PEOSH) Act if you are a public worker in New Jersey, and under the Medical federal Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) if you Medical Testing are a private worker. For frequent or potentially high exposure (half the TLV or  The New Jersey Right to Know Act requires most greater), the following are recommended before beginning employers to label chemicals in the workplace and work and at regular times after that: requires public employers to provide their employees with information concerning chemical and controls.  Lung function tests The federal OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29  Chest x-ray every one to three years CFR 1910.1200) and the PEOSH Hazard Communication If abnormal chest x-ray develops, the following should be done Standard (N.J.A.C. 12:100-7) require employers to provide periodically: similar information and training to their employees.  Skin for Tuberculosis This Fact Sheet is a summary of available information regarding the health hazards that may result from exposure. Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential damage already done are not a substitute for controlling effects described below. exposure.

Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right Health Hazard Information to this information under the OSHA Access to Employee Acute Health Effects Exposure and Medical Records Standard (29 CFR 1910.1020). The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur immediately or shortly after exposure to Silica, Quartz: Mixed Exposures  Smoking can cause heart disease, lung ,  Contact can irritate the eyes and nose. emphysema, and other respiratory problems. It may worsen  Exposure to high levels of Silica, Quartz can cause a respiratory conditions caused by chemical exposure. Even if serious lung disease called Silicosis with cough, shortness of you have smoked for a long time, stopping now will reduce breath, and changes in the chest x-ray. your risk of developing health problems.

Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to Silica, Quartz and can last for months or years:

Cancer Hazard

 Silica, Quartz is a CARCINOGEN in humans. There is evidence that Crystalline Silica causes in humans and Silica, Quartz causes lung cancer in .

 Many scientists believe there is no safe level of exposure to

a carcinogen. Such substance may also have the potential

for causing reproductive damage in humans.

SILICA, QUARTZ Page 3 of 7

Workplace Controls and Practices Eye Protection Very toxic chemicals, or those that are reproductive hazards or  Wear eye protection with side shields or . sensitizers, require expert advice on control measures if a less toxic chemical cannot be substituted. Control measures Respiratory Protection include: (1) enclosing chemical processes for severely Improper use of is dangerous. Respirators irritating and corrosive chemicals, (2) using local exhaust should only be used if the employer has implemented a written ventilation for chemicals that may be harmful with a single program that takes into account workplace conditions, exposure, and (3) using general ventilation to control requirements for worker training, fit testing, and exposures to skin and eye irritants. For further information on workplace controls, consult the NIOSH document on Control medical exams, as described in the OSHA Respiratory Banding at www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ctrlbanding/. Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134).

The following work practices are also recommended:  New Jersey Law (N.J.S.A. 34:5-182) requires that employers provide workers with full facepiece air purifying respirators  Label process containers. when cannot be used. 3  Provide employees with hazard information and training.  Where the potential exists for exposure over 0.1 mg/m (as  Monitor airborne chemical concentrations. respirable dust), use a NIOSH approved negative pressure,  Use engineering controls if concentrations exceed air-purifying, particulate filter respirator with an N, R or P95 recommended exposure levels. filter. More protection is provided by a full facepiece  Provide eye wash fountains and emergency showers. respirator than by a half-mask respirator, and even greater  Wash or shower if skin comes in contact with a hazardous protection is provided by a powered-air purifying respirator. material.  Leave the area immediately if (1) while wearing a filter or  Always wash at the end of the workshift. cartridge respirator you can smell, taste, or otherwise detect  Change into clean clothing if clothing becomes Silica, Quartz, (2) while wearing particulate filters abnormal contaminated. resistance to breathing is experienced, or (3) eye irritation  Do not take contaminated clothing home. occurs while wearing a full facepiece respirator. Check to  Get special training to wash contaminated clothing. make sure the respirator-to-face seal is still good. If it is,  Do not eat, , or drink in areas where chemicals are replace the filter or cartridge. If the seal is no longer good, being handled, processed or stored. you may need a new respirator.  Wash hands carefully before eating, smoking, drinking,  Consider all potential sources of exposure in your workplace. applying cosmetics or using the toilet. You may need a combination of filters, prefilters or cartridges to protect against different forms of a chemical (such as In addition, the following may be useful or required: vapor and mist) or against a mixture of chemicals.  Where the potential exists for exposure over 1 mg/m3 (as

respirable dust), use a NIOSH approved supplied-air  Use a vacuum or a wet method to reduce dust during clean- respirator with a full facepiece operated in a pressure- up. DO NOT DRY SWEEP. demand or other positive-pressure mode. For increased  Use a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter when protection use in combination with an auxiliary self-contained vacuuming. Do not use a standard shop vacuum. breathing apparatus or an emergency escape air cylinder.  Exposure to 50 mg/m3 is immediately dangerous to life and health. If the possibility of exposure above 50 mg/m3 exists, Personal Protective Equipment use a NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in a pressure-demand or other The OSHA Personal Protective Equipment Standard (29 CFR positive-pressure mode equipped with an emergency escape 1910.132) requires employers to determine the appropriate air cylinder. personal protective equipment for each hazard and to train employees on how and when to use protective equipment. Fire Hazards The following recommendations are only guidelines and may If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained not apply to every situation. and equipped as stated in the OSHA Fire Brigades Standard (29 CFR 1910.156). Gloves and Clothing  Avoid skin contact with Silica, Quartz. Wear personal  Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of protective equipment made from material which can not be surrounding fire. Silica, Quartz itself does not burn. permeated or degraded by this substance. Safety equipment suppliers and manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove and clothing material for your operation.  Safety equipment manufacturers recommend Nitrile and Natural Rubber for gloves, and Tyvek®, or the equivalent, as

a protective clothing material.  All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.

SILICA, QUARTZ Page 4 of 7

Spills and Emergencies Occupational Health Information If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. The OSHA Hazardous Waste Resources Operations and Emergency Response Standard (29 CFR The New Jersey Department of Health and Occupational 1910.120) may apply. Health Service, offers multiple services in occupational health. These services include providing informational resources, If Silica, Quartz is spilled, take the following steps: educational materials, public presentations, and industrial and medical investigations and evaluations.  Evacuate personnel and secure and control entrance to the area.  Eliminate all ignition sources. For more information, please contact:  Moisten spilled material first or use a HEPA-filter vacuum for

clean-up and place into sealed containers for disposal.  It may be necessary to contain and dispose of Silica, Quartz New Jersey Department of Health as a HAZARDOUS WASTE. Contact your state Department Right to Know of Environmental Protection (DEP) or your regional office of PO Box 368 the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for Trenton, NJ 08625-0368 specific recommendations. Phone: 609-984-2202 Fax: 609-984-7407 E-mail: [email protected] Handling and Storage Web address: Prior to working with Silica, Quartz you should be trained on http://nj.gov/health/workplacehealthandsafety/right-to- its proper handling and storage. know

 A regulated, marked area should be established where The Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheets Silica, Quartz is handled, used, or stored. are not intended to be copied and sold  Silica, Quartz is not compatible with OXIDIZING AGENTS for commercial purposes. (such as PERCHLORATES, ,

PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES, NITRATES, , BROMINE and ); ACETYLENE; AMMONIA; FLUORIDE; and CATECHOL.  Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area.

SILICA, QUARTZ Page 5 of 7

GLOSSARY

ACGIH is the American Conference of Governmental Industrial LEL or Lower Limit, is the lowest concentration of Hygienists. They publish guidelines called Threshold Limit a combustible substance (gas or vapor) in the air capable of Values (TLVs) for exposure to workplace chemicals. continuing an explosion.

mg/m3 means milligrams of a chemical in a cubic meter of air. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) are established It is a measure of concentration (weight/volume). by the EPA. They describe the risk to humans resulting from once-in-a lifetime, or rare, exposure to airborne chemicals. A mutagen is a substance that causes mutations. A mutation

is a change in the genetic material in a body cell. Mutations Boiling point is the temperature at which a substance can can to birth defects, miscarriages, or cancer. change its physical state from a liquid to a gas.

NFPA is the National Fire Protection Association. It classifies A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer. substances according to their fire and explosion hazard.

The CAS number is unique, identifying number, assigned by NIOSH is the National Institute for Occupational Safety and the Chemical Abstracts Service, to a specific chemical. Health. It tests equipment, evaluates and approves

respirators, conducts studies of workplace hazards, and CFR is the Code of Federal Regulations, which are the proposes standards to OSHA. regulations of the United States government.

NTP is the National Toxicology Program which tests chemicals A combustible substance is a solid, liquid or gas that will burn. and reviews evidence for cancer.

A corrosive substance is a gas, liquid or solid that causes OSHA is the federal Occupational Safety and Health destruction of human skin or severe corrosion of containers. Administration, which adopts and enforces health and safety

standards. The critical temperature is the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the pressure applied. PEOSHA is the New Jersey Public Employees Occupational

Safety and Health Act, which adopts and enforces health and DEP is the New Jersey Department of Environmental safety standards in public workplaces. Protection.

Permeated is the movement of chemicals through protective DOT is the Department of Transportation, the federal agency materials. that regulates the transportation of chemicals.

ppm means parts of a substance per million parts of air. It is a EPA is the Environmental Protection Agency, the federal measure of concentration by volume in air. agency responsible for regulating environmental hazards.

Protective Action Criteria (PAC) are values established by ERG is the Emergency Response Guidebook. It is a guide for the Department of Energy and are based on AEGLs and emergency responders for transportation emergencies ERPGs. They are used for emergency planning of chemical involving hazardous substances. release events.

Emergency Response Planning Guideline (ERPG) values A reactive substance is a solid, liquid or gas that releases provide estimates of concentration ranges where one energy under certain conditions. reasonably might anticipate observing adverse effects.

STEL is a Short Term Exposure Limit which is usually a 15- A fetus is an unborn human or . minute exposure that should not be exceeded at any time

during a work day. A flammable substance is a solid, liquid, vapor or gas that will ignite easily and burn rapidly. A teratogen is a substance that causes birth defects by

damaging the fetus. The flash point is the temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off vapor that can form a flammable mixture with air. UEL or Upper Explosive Limit is the highest concentration in

air above which there is too much fuel (gas or vapor) to begin a IARC is the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a reaction or explosion. scientific group.

Vapor is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of Ionization Potential is the amount of energy needed to one gas to the weight of another (usually Air), at the same remove an electron from an atom or molecule. It is measured temperature and pressure. in electron volts.

The vapor pressure is a force exerted by the vapor in IRIS is the Integrated Risk Information System database on equilibrium with the solid or liquid phase of the same human health effects that may result from exposure to various substance. The higher the vapor pressure the higher chemicals, maintained by federal EPA. concentration of the substance in air. SILICA, QUARTZ Page 6 of 7

Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet

Common Name: SILICA, QUARTZ Synonyms: Silica, Crystalline; Crystallized Silicon Dioxide CAS No: 14808-60-7 Molecular Formula: SiO2 RTK Substance No: 1660 Description: Odorless, colorless, white or reddish crystalline solid

HAZARD DATA Hazard Rating Reactivity 4 - Health Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of Silica, Quartz is not compatible with OXIDIZING surrounding fire. Silica, Quartz itself does not AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, 0 - Fire burn. PERMANGANATES, CHLORATES, NITRATES, 0 - Reactivity CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE); ACETYLENE; AMMONIA; HYDROGEN FLUORIDE; and CATECHOL. DOT#: None

ERG Guide #: None Hazard Class: None

SPILL/LEAKS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Isolation Distance: Odor Threshold: Odorless Spill: 25 meters (75 feet) Flash Point: Noncombustible

Vapor Pressure: o o Moisten spilled material first or use a HEPA-filter 0 mm Hg at 68 F (20 C) vacuum for clean-up and place into sealed containers Specific Gravity: 2.6 (water = 1) for disposal. Water Solubility: Insoluble

Boiling Point: 4,046oF (2,230oC)

Melting Point: 3,110oF (1,719oC)

Molecular Weight: 60.09

EXPOSURE LIMITS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 3 NIOSH: 0.1 mg/m , 10-hr TWA Gloves: Nitrile and Natural Rubber ACGIH: 0.025 mg/m3, 8-hr TWA Coveralls: Tyvek® IDLH: 50 mg/m3 Respirator: <1 mg/m3 - Full facepiece APR with High efficiency filter The Protective Action Criteria values are: >1 mg/m3 - SCBA PAC-1 = 0.075 mg/m3 PAC-2 = 33 mg/m3 PAC-3 = 200 mg/m3

HEALTH EFFECTS FIRST AID AND DECONTAMINATION Eyes: Irritation Remove the person from exposure. Skin: Irritation Flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if worn. Inhalation: Nose and lung irritation with cough, and shortness of breath (Silicosis) Remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated skin with soap and water. Chronic: Crystalline Silica causes cancer (lung) in humans. Begin artificial respiration if breathing has stopped and CPR if necessary. Transfer promptly to a medical facility.

April 2016