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Fall 1987 Fall 1987 NSU Oceanographic Center Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Currents Publications by HCNSO Fall 1987 Fall 1987 NSU Oceanographic Center Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_currents Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons NSUWorks Citation NSU Oceanographic Center, "Fall 1987" (1987). Currents. 91. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_currents/91 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications by HCNSO at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Currents by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nova University Oceanographic Center Fall1987 Volume I Number 2 REEFS, concerned about and did not routinely measure fallout RADIOACTIVITY, from plutonium. However, AND today it is recognized as an RENOURISHMENT extremely toxic and pervasive UNDERSTUDY material. It is difficult to know the fate of plutonium in Dr. Richard Dodge has the oceans unless its input, undertaken several coral reef or history, is known. Corals projects off South Florida and in can tell scientists the extent the tropics in recent months. The ofits past incursions, how it -,roblems associated with beach has degraded in the oceanic imourishment also have been environment, and where it · under study. has ended up. An important · In June Dr. Dodge was awarded question is whether plutonium a two-year grant by the National stays in solution in seawater Science Foundation to look at or whether it is quickly fallout pollution from plutonium. removed by biological Dr. Dodge has collected corals processes. The trouble with from Broward County's reefs and plutonium, says Dr. Dodge, from reefs off Mexico and Panama is that it has an extremely for the study. Over the years, long half-life, and that it radio-active plutonium has been is so radioactive. "What do introduced into our oceans you do with it? It's just primarily by above-ground going to be nasty forever!" nuclear testing and by the reentry Dr. Dodge also is interested and disintegration of spent in the problems associated nuclear-powered satellites. with beach renourishment, a What does this have to do with type of project that is corals? Simply stated, corals can becoming more and more provide an accurate history of past Dr. Dodge assesses coral reef. prevalent in areas of severe beach fallout levels, right down to the erosion. He has just completed a years in which the pollution study of the growth rate of stony radiochemical analysis (by Dr. corals in reefs offBroward County, occurred. Corals have growth Larry Benninger at UNC, rings, much as trees do, making Florida, to evaluate the ecological Chapel Hill), to determine effects of past beach such measurements possible. The whether plutonium is present. technique used by Dr. Dodge and renourishment projects. There is good reason for Corals require specialized his colleagues is to cut a slice of scientists, as well as the funding coral with a band-saw, X-ray the conditions for their growth, health agencies, to be interested in slice, and then assign years to the and survival. During the plutonium. In the early days of renourishment process, sand is Towth bands seen on the X-rays. radio-activity monitoring, Dr. .._ Various years of the skeleton are taken from offshore reefs and Dodge relates, people were not then cut away and subjected to pumped onto the beach. The ocean turbidity that is caused by this activity can adversely affect the 1 YEARS r:SQUIRTS" The cruise was sponsored .... .... - = jointly by ONR and NSF, and the . "\~ ~ ··=nmr- I SEARCHED AND I HESEARCHED vessel used was Moss Landing i Research Lab's Point Sur (formerly University of Miami's Dr. Gary Kleppel spent two Cape Florida). The region studied v<Jeeks during July and August on was the Coastal Transition Zone the not·sa.calm Pacific Ocean (CTZ) from Oregon to Point Reyes, s.sa:rching for and studying the California, out as far as about 255 biology and oceanography of miles from shore. Scientists used "aquirts." This may be something a prototype instrument called the of a misnomer, because "squirts" Multi-frequency Acoustic ue anything but small. They Profiling System (MAPS) to map adually are vast filaments of simultaneously the distributions ;coastal water that are "pushed of 40 different size classes of out," or squirted, as far as 250 zooplankton,as well as roHes from the shores of Oregon temperature, conductivity, a:tJd California, in effect chlorophyll, and light. Dr. tr,Bmsporting the coastal zone to Kleppel's particular interest was tn·a open Pacific (see satellite to study the feeding and diet of photo below). The region is zooplankton by measuring the fa~~inating scientifically and may animal and plant pigments in La;re national security their stomachs. iim~Jlications as well. According to Dr. Kleppe!, the t~ruise conditions were difficult, California Current region once to say the least.Typical sea states was thought to be relatively easy were 8-12 feet, and they increased Annual bands revealed In coral to model. Now, with the advent of skeletons by X-radlography. to 16-18 feet during mapping. satellite imagery and the When at one point 25-foot seas discovery of oceanic irregularitie~ were encountered, the ship such as the "squirts," research corals in a number of ways. Corals returned to port, much to the tasks have become much more need sunlight, and turbid water, of satisfaction of all onboard. difficult, albeit exciting. course, diminishes the amount of light that reaches the reef. Rapid. growth of the reef· building coral~ also is essential to the life of the reef so that the massive skeletonfil can form and endure.Symbiotic algae, called zooxanthellae, reside within the living tissue of coral animals. In return for their protective housing, the algae provide the coral animals with essential nutrients and assist with the removal of metabolic wastes. Should the reef environment become disturbed, this special relationship could be destroyed, and the health of the corals, and therefore the reef, would be in jeopardy. The good news, according to Dr. Dodge, is that past Broward County beach renourishment projects appear to have had only minor, if any, effect on two species of coral currently living offshore. However, more research is needed to conf'"t.rm these results and to "Squirts" of coastal water extending 250 miles off the acquire predictive information for Oregon/California coast (Satellite photo.) use in future projects. 2 I u·NDERCURRENTS INSTITUTE OF MARINE AND COASTAL STUDIES How The "Father Of Marine Archaeology" Spends His Summer Vacations It all began when Dr. Richard Caribbean Research, Ltd. (NCR), hunters. Hall writes that he has Dodge, who studies coral growth a group dedicated to researching positively identified 8 pipes from rings, got frustrated because no ship wrecks. He has been assisted the wreck that have shown up in one could date parts of ships that by Hall, who is busy gathering flea markets in the capital. had been found under some coral data for his thesis. So far NCR has In July of this year, at another samples. And so it was that the located 26 ship wrecks and 6 site off Punta Luna, the NCR Coastal Studies Institute asked survivor camps. The wrecks date group found the wreck of what Peter Throckmorton, the from ca. 1640 to 1880. Illustrated may have been a French troop subject's "father," to abandon his below are some artifacts located transport, dated ca. 1797. The seminar series at Harvard and by NCR archaeologists. group located, among other teach a marine archaeology course Hall has been working on what typically French artifacts, a 30 x at Nova. The course was designed is locally known as the "Pipe 20 foot ballast pile made up of 42- for M.S. students who wanted Wreck," a.k.a. the "Dutch Wreck'' pound cannon balls. Also found some insight into this "new" field. Its cargo: clay pipes. Its location: were two bronze field artillery In Throckmorton's words, Monte Christi, off the north coast cannons. Both weapons bear the 'Teaching a humanities course at of the D.R. Its date: ca. 1640. The coat of arms of Louis XVI (shown an oceanographic institute, where approximate year of the wreck below). The archaeologists now most of the students have strong was arrived at by measuring the are trying to positively identify backgrounds in science but have bores of507 (of some 3000) pipe the ship, with the assistance of not taken many history courses, stems and fitting the data to an - colleagues in France. was a challenge both for [myself] ... old established dating formula. and for the students." As he This particular wreck is very Cont. on p. 7 describes the situation, in popular among local divers, January through March of any fishermen, and assorted treasure year, Throckmorton can be seen wringing his hands and moaning, "They've never heard of Napoleon ... ," while the students can be heard moaning, "He's giving us too much to read .... " "Somehow, miraculously," he adds, in third person, "in the three years, both students and Throckmorton have enjoyed themselves, and everyone has \\~­ learned a lot." One student, J Jerome Hall, has enjoyed himself '\_~ so much that he has decided to go on for his Ph.D. in Marine Archaeology under George Bass at Texas A&M, as soon as he finishes his M.S. thesis work for Nova. Throckmorton has spent the "Dutch Bowl" pipe with Mid-18th century Rauen pitcher. last two seasons in the Dominican medallion·rosette. Republic working as Staff Archaeologist for North 3 SPOTLIGHT NEWEST PH.D. CONTINUES STUDENT INVOLVEMENT Dr.
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