11/7/2019
Embodied Carbon: Strategies to Zero
Tony Saracino – Sustainability Engagement Manager, Autodesk Heath Blount – Principal, Brightworks Sustainability
© 2019 Autodesk, Inc.
1
Warming Stripes for GLOBE from 1850-2018
2
1 11/7/2019
3
4
2 11/7/2019
5
6
3 11/7/2019
Global Average Daily Construction 2018-2015 13,213
95 mi
10,853 mi
19,905 mi 1,969 mi
7
Project lifecycle Carbon emissions associated with materials and construction The carbon emitted during processes throughout the whole demolition or deconstruction lifecycle of a building or and processing of materials for infrastructure reuse, recycling or final disposal
The emissions caused in the materials production and construction phases of the lifecycle before the building or infrastructure begins to be used Carbon emissions associated with materials and processes required for the upkeep of the built asset throughout its lifecycle
Source: World Green Building Council: Bringing Embodied Carbon Upfront, 2019 8
4 11/7/2019
Source: HM Treasury: Infrastructure Carbon Review, 2013
9
Operational Carbon Embodied Carbon
10
5 11/7/2019
Global CO2 Emissions by Sector Other 6% Building Operations Transportation 28% 23%
Industry* Concrete, 20.3% Steel, Aluminium Concrete 11.1% *includes building finishes, 22.7% Steel 10.1%, Aluminum 1.5% glass, equipment, plastics, rubber, paper, other Source: 2018 Global ABC Report; IEA 11
• Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the • Basic Oxygen Furnaces (BOFs) use coal or gas vs Electric Arc world, and is responsible for 6-10% of global anthropogenic carbon Furnaces (EAFs) which run on electricity
dioxide (CO2) emissions • BOFs have maximum recycled content of 25-37% vs. EAFs with • CO2 is released at two points during cement production: 40% from recycled content up to 100% the burning of fossil fuels in the manufacturing process, and 60% is • Using steel from electric arc furnaces is the best way to reduce from naturally occurring chemical reactions during processing embodied emissions in steel, because EAFs uses high levels of • Using less cement is the most impactful way to reduce the carbon recycled material and can be powered by renewable energy footprint of concrete. sources. Source: Carbon Smart Materials Palette, Architecture 2030 12
6 11/7/2019
Benchmarking Embodied Carbon
Source: Carbon Leadership Forum – Embodied Carbon Benchmark Study 13
Measuring Embodied Carbon
Life Cycle Assessments / EPDs / WBLCA
The image part with relationship ID rId2 was not found in the file.
14
7 11/7/2019
LCA Impact Categories Embodied carbon
• Global warming potential (greenhouse gases), in kg CO2e; • Depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, in kg CFC- 11e; • Acidification of land and water sources, in moles H+ or kg SO2e; • Eutrophication, in kg nitrogen eq or kg phosphate eq; • Formation of tropospheric ozone (smog), in kg NOx, kg O3 eq, or kg ethene; and • Depletion of nonrenewable energy resources, in MJ using CML / depletion of fossil fuels in TRACI.
15
Life-Cycle Stages
16
8 11/7/2019
IW & PS EPDs
17
LEED V4.1 - MRc1 Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction (BD+C only) *Reference the LEED Credit for more documentation requirement details
• Option 1: Historic Reuse • Option 2: Renovation of Abandoned or Blighted Building • Option 3: Building and Material Reuse (Salvage) • Option 4: Whole Building LCA (WBLCA) • WBLCA covers structure and enclosure only. • Path 1 – Complete a WBLCA of design building (1pt) • Path 2 – Complete WBLCA of design building AND baseline. Show 5% reduction in 3+ impact categories (2pts) o Baseline and proposed buildings must: • Be of comparable size, function, orientation, and operating energy performance. • Same service life, 60+ years • Use same software and parameters to evaluate. Data sets compliant with ISO 14044 • Path 3 – Same as Path 2, but with a 10% reduction. (3pts) • Path 4 – Same as Path 2, but with salvaged/reused materials use AND a 20% reduction. (4pts)
18
9 11/7/2019
ILFI Zero Carbon Certification
Operational carbon: • Demonstrate actual net zero based on 12 mo. performance period. • Requires 25% below ASHRAE 90.1-2010. • No combustion allowed for new buildings. • Offsetting renewables may either be on- or off-site Embodied carbon: • WBLCA using 50 year lifespan for foundation, structure, enclosure and interior. • Reduce 10% compared to baseline • Purchase carbon offsets one time.
19
Tools Product EC / Procurement Whole Building LCA
The image part with relationship ID rId2 was not found in the file.
20
10 11/7/2019
Measuring Embodied Carbon
Project Process
The image part with relationship ID rId2 was not found in the file.
21
EMBODIED CARBON TOOLS AND PROCESS Embodied Carbon Tools and ProjectIntroduce team Schedule to intent and design strategies to reduce project’s Embodied Carbon SD Use a WBLCA tool (One Click Carbon Designer, Tally, Athena) to compare structural options at high level
DD If possible, work with energy modeler to find the balance between operational and embodied carbon to minimize “total carbon” (EC + OC), especially if exploring alternative insulation
Use EC3, Carbon Smart Materials Palette to inform product selections and include EC CD requirements in specs
OneClick LCA, Tally, Athena – use BIM model and/or buyout information to complete full WBLCA CA Take lessons learned from this project and apply it to the next project.
The image part with relationship ID rId2 was not found in the file.
22
11 11/7/2019
EMBODIED CARBON TOOLS AND PROCESS Project Schedule Design strategies to reduce Compare Structural options using SD project’s Embodied Carbon: OneClick Carbon Designer
• Project need EB OR NC DD • Massing
Less SA OR
• Fewer materials CD OR
• Reducing concrete OR CA • Eliminating parking
The image part with relationship ID rId2 was not found in the file.
23
EMBODIED CARBON TOOLS AND PROCESS Project Schedule
Refine: Work with energy modeler to find SD the balance between OC & EC • Structure
• Simplified materials palette What’s the trade off in energy performance for lower R-values DD (lower EC) or alternative insulations?
CD
CA
The image part with relationship ID rId2 was not found in the file.
24
12 11/7/2019
EMBODIED CARBON TOOLS AND PROCESS Project Schedule
Use EC3, Carbon Smart Materials …and set EC requirements in specs SD Palette to inform product selections • Require products with PS EPD (for product types where this is available) • Require products to be below DD EC3-set GWP target
CD
CA
The image part with relationship ID rId2 was not found in the file.
25
EMBODIED CARBON TOOLS AND PROCESS Project Schedule
OneClick LCA, Tally, Athena – use BIM model and/ Take lessons learned from this or buyout information to complete full WBLCA project and apply it to the next SD project.
DD
CD
CA
The image part with relationship ID rId2 was not found in the file.
26
13 11/7/2019
Resources Embodied Carbon Construction Calculator (EC3) www.buildingtransparency.org
Carbon Smart Materials Palette https://materialspalette.org/
OneClick LCA – Cloud-based Whole Building LCA https://www.oneclicklca.com/
Tally – Revit Plug-in for Whole Building LCA http://choosetally.com/
Athena’s Impact Estimator http://www.athenasmi.org/our-software-data/impact-estimator/
27
Commitments, Policy, and Industry Leadership
The image part with relationship ID rId2 was not found in the file.
28
14 11/7/2019
Emerging Policies and Codes – California
Buy Clean California Act 2017 • Applies to all publicly funded projects • Sets a maximum lifecycle global warming potential • Structural steel,rebar, flat glass, and mineral wool board insulation
https://www.dgs.ca.gov/PD/Resources/Page-Content/Procurement-Division-Resources-List-Folder/Buy-Clean-California-Act
29
Emerging Policies and Codes – Washington
• Buy Clean Washington – HB2412 • Did not move forward for 2018 • Based on CA’s Act. But includes concrete (all), unit masonry, metal (all), and wood (all).
• Universities completed Buy Clean Washington Study >>>
http://www.carbonleadershipforum.org/resources/buy-clean-washington/
30
15 11/7/2019
Emerging Policies and Codes – Oregon
• Exec. Order No. 17-20: Accelerating Efficiency in Oregon’s Built Environment to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Address Climate Change • ODOE, DAS, and Oregon Sustainability Board collaborating with DEQ • DEQ is working with manufacturers to calculate embodied carbon in concrete • Oregon code on reusing structural lumber
https://www.oregon.gov/energy/Get-Involved/Documents/BEEWG-Action-Items.pdf
http://embodiedcarbonnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/20180216_Webinar-1-Policy_All-Slides.pdf
31
Carbon Carbon Campaigns
32
16 11/7/2019
Becoming Part of the Conversation
33
Embodied Carbon in Construction Calculator
34
17 11/7/2019
Carbon Smart Estimating
EMBODIED CARBON MATERIAL BUILDING QUANTITY PER MATERIAL EMBODIED CARBON ESTIMATE EPDs (EC) ESTIMATE
35
Carbon Smart Estimating
Building Material Quantities from Estimates, BIM, or Tally
36
18 11/7/2019
Carbon Smart Estimating
Conservative Embodied Carbon Estimate (80th percentile)
Achievable Embodied Carbon Target (20th percentile) Washington produced rebar
Large variance in emissions of rebar based on Zero manufacturing Embodied Carbon location
37
Carbon Smart Procurement
38
19 11/7/2019
Carbon Smart Procurement
Sort compliant manufacturers by GWP (CO2e) to find lowest emitting options.
See details and automatically download the associated EPD
39
Carbon Smart Procurement Set Targets, Inform Procurement
CalPortland Stoneway Cadman 5000 psi mix target (30% reduction)
40
20 11/7/2019
41
PROJECT SPONSORS EC3: Embodied Carbon in Construction Calculator
NEW PILOT SPONSORS!
PROJECT SUPPORTERS
PROJECT LEADERSHIP
www.buildingtransparency.org www.carbonleadershipforum.org 42
21 11/7/2019
Q&A
43
EMBODIED CARBON AND BUILDING MATERIALS: REDUCTION STRATEGIES
RAPHAEL SPERRY ASSOCIATE | SUSTAINABILITY Raphael Sperry [email protected] Associate – Arup
August 7, 2019
44
22 11/7/2019
MOST OF THE CARBON IN A BUILDING IS IN THE STRUCTURE
Ref: Arup, Embodied Carbon Study, Concrete Centre 2012.
45
MOST BUILDING STRUCTURES ARE STEEL, CONCRETE, OR WOOD
Concrete Steel Masonry Wood
Ref: California Building Code
46
23 11/7/2019
REDUCING EMBODIED CARBON IN STRUCTURES
Baseline Recycled End Of Life Optimized Building Materials Recycling Structural Efficiency
Ref: Anderson, John & Silman, Robert. (2009). A Life Cycle Inventory of Structural Engineering Design Strategies for Greenhouse Gas Reduction. Structural Engineering International. 19. 283-288. 10.2749/101686609788957946. 47
REDUCING EMBODIED CARBON IN STRUCTURES: LONG SPAN
• Comparison of airport structures designed by Arup • Highly project specific • Space frames can be efficient, have a broad range • Material optimization is possible
Ref:Arup
48
24 11/7/2019
REDUCING EMBODIED CARBON IN STRUCTURES: STEEL STRATEGIES
• Material reuse (e.g. salvaged steel piles, structural sections, open-web joists) • Low-GWP specification: • short-term, switches demand • long-term, may shift market
49
REDUCING EMBODIED CARBON IN STRUCTURES: CONCRETE
cement
Ref: San Francisco International Airport, Boarding Area B
50
25 11/7/2019
REDUCING EMBODIED CARBON IN STRUCTURES: CONCRETE
Concrete mix designs reduce total project global warming potential impact by more than 10%
Ref: San Francisco International Airport, Boarding Area B
51
REDUCING EMBODIED CARBON IN STRUCTURES: CONCRETE STRATEGIES
• Select the lowest GWP Foundation, Shear Walls Suspended Slabs and Beams mix for each element 400 600 350 500 300 • Don’t overdesign 400 250 • Replace cement with 200 300 150 200 SCMs 100 GWP (kg CO2e/m3) (kg GWP GWP (kg CO2e/m3) (kg GWP 100 • Allow for longer strength 50 0 0 gain 2500 psi 3000 psi 4000 psi 5000 psi 6000 psi 7000 psi 8000 psi 2500 psi 3000 psi 4000 psi 5000 psi 6000 psi 7000 psi 8000 psi Design Strength, f'c Design Strength, f'c
SEAONC Foundation ClimateEarth - 50% SCM SEAONC Slab and Beam ClimateEarth - 30% SCM NRMCA - 50% Slag Foundation, Shear Walls SEAONC Slab on Grade Suspended Slabs and Beams
Columns, Gravity Walls Shotcrete, PT, other 600 700 500 600 500 400 400 300 300 200 200 GWP (kg CO2e/m3) (kg GWP
GWP (kg CO2e/m3) (kg GWP 100 100 0 0 2500 psi 3000 psi 4000 psi 5000 psi 6000 psi 7000 psi 8000 psi 2500 psi 3000 psi 4000 psi 5000 psi 6000 psi 7000 psi 8000 psi Design Strength, f'c Design Strength, f'c
SEAONC Columns and Walls NRMCA - 30% Slag SEAONC Shotcrete ClimateEarth - all data Columns, Gravity Walls NRMCA - OPC Shotcrete, PT, other
52
26 11/7/2019
REDUCING EMBODIED CARBON IN STRUCTURES: CONCRETE MODEL SPECIFICATIONS
53
REDUCING EMBODIED CARBON IN STRUCTURES: WOOD
Embodied Carbon - Roof Options
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000 Wood has lower GWP overall
2,000,000
1,000,000
kg kg CO2e 0 Wood includes “negative” -1,000,000 biogenic carbon
-2,000,000 Roof OWJ Roof Beams @ 10 ft + Girders Arch Beams -3,000,000 GluLam Beams Girders and Filler Braces Roof Metal Decking HSS Overhang Ceiling 3x6 @ 9 Inches Wood Decking and Purlins
-4,000,000
54
27 11/7/2019
WHAT IS BIOGENIC CARBON?
55
BIOGENIC CARBON – INACCURATE SIMPLISTIC VIEW
56
28 11/7/2019
BIOGENIC CARBON – MORE ACCURATE SIMPLE VIEW
57
BIOGENIC CARBON – ADDING IN FOREST DYNAMICS
58
29 11/7/2019
WHERE IS MOST OF THE CARBON IN FORESTRY?
Traditional Embodied Carbon Fossil fuel use in production Fossil fuels: 17 MgC/yr Biogenic Carbon: 60 MgC/yr Biogenic carbon Forest Carbon 2,500,000 MgC
(for 5.5M acres of Oregon Coast Range)
Forest carbon: trees, soil, and decaying matter
59
WHERE IS MOST OF THE CARBON ACCOUNTED FOR IN WOOD BUILDINGS?
EPD: Fossil fuels 17 MgC/yr EPD w/ biogenic carbon: + Durable Products 60 MgC/yr Impact on Forest stocks: (nowhere) 250,000 Mg/C
a .025% change in forest stocks is a bigger carbon impact than all durable products…
not even considering other benefits to water quality, biodiversity, local economy, etc.
60
30 11/7/2019
POTENTIAL CARBON IMPACT OF IMPROVING FOREST PRACTICES IS LARGE
FSC forestry can store ~36% more carbon per acre just in tree biomass than business as FSC Stream Buffers, Short Rotation usual in Oregon, or ~1.8 tons CO2e per hectare per year just counting stream buffers
Business Aa Usual
61
THE REGENERATIVE POTENTIAL OF SUPPLY CHAINS
62
31 11/7/2019
BURNING FOSSIL FUELS ISN’T THE ONLY MAJOR SOURCE OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS.
According to the IPCC, the agriculture, forestry, and land use (AFOLU) sector is responsible for about one-quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions.
This proportion is slightly smaller in the US (right.)
63
MINERAL- ECOSYSTEM- SUPPLY BASED SUPPLY BASED SUPPLY CHAIN CHAINS CHAINS TYPES FOR STRAW CONCRETE BUILDING MATERIALS STEEL BAMBOO
SAND WOOD
64
32 11/7/2019
WOOD
ECOSYSTEM-BASED SUPPLY CHAINS
STRAW
65
THE CURRENT CARBON BASELINE IN ECOSYSTEM SUPPLYCHAINS
FORESTS LOSS OF GLOBAL FOREST COVER • LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY/OLDER, MORE COMPLEX FORESTS • LOSS OF SOIL CARBON IN FORESTS
AGRICULTURAL LANDS/GRASSLANDS SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF ORGANIC SOIL CARBON TO A DEPTH OF SEVERAL FEET OVER THE PAST 200 YEARS AS A RESULT OF INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTURE AND GRAZING
66
33 11/7/2019
FORESTS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION
1.MAKING MORE FOREST: REFORESTATION AND AFFORESTATION 2.ADDING AGE TO A FOREST ECOSYSTEM 3.ADDING TO THEABOVEGROUND CARBON IN A FORESTECOSYSTEM 4.ADDING TO THE BELOWGROUND CARBON IN A FOREST
67
68
34 11/7/2019
AGRICULTURE AND GRASSLANDS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION 1. Land management practices that support rebuilding stable soil carbon at depth through the liquid carbon pathway 2. Working with the annual cycles of grassland ecosystems to intensify the rate of soil carbon sequestration 3. Creating agricultural ecosystems with multiple yields above- and belowground, supporting the soil microbiome
69
70
35 11/7/2019
THE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH CURVE OF CARBON-SEQUESTERING LAND MANAGEMENT 5 years ago no one had heard of • regenerative agriculture, and now several of the presidential candidates are advocating it.
• Growing awareness of forests and soils as powerful carbon sinks • Growing awareness of the mechanisms for sequestering carbon in landscapes • Growing awareness that there is no high-tech • “silver bullet” for responding to climate change
71
72
36 11/7/2019
73
Storing Carbon inBuildings with RenewableMaterials
This can be done now, affordably.
Embodied Carbon Strategie s to Zero Getting to Zero Forum Oakland – Oct. 9,2019 David Arkin, AIA, LEEDAP - EasternSierra Residence, Nevada
74
37 11/7/2019
www.materialspalette.org
75
During photosynthesis, plants capture gaseous carbon from the • Thatatmosphere. carbon is stored in the plants themselves, as well as in the soil.
76
38 11/7/2019
2.16 billion tons of grain straw were grown globally in 2016. That’s enough carbon storage to offset all current Ecococon transportation GHG emissions and more straw SIPs than replace all current insulation materials.
Modcell straw Endeavour SIPs straw SIPs
Formaldehyde- ISO-Stroh free straw Stramit & blown straw panels Ekopanely insulation
77
BUILD SHELTER.
78
39 11/7/2019
BUILD SHELTER.
NOT TOO BIG.
79
BUILD SHELTER.
NOT TOO BIG.
MOSTLY PLANTS.
[with thanks/ apologies to Michael Pollan / ‘Food Rules’]
80
40 11/7/2019
There are lots of plant-based, carbon-storing building materials
Wood Fiber Waste Timber Board Cork ReWall Textiles
Bamboo / Cellulose Straw Mycelium Rice Hulls BamCore
Coconut Coir HempOSB +more
… materials that are healthier and safer too!
81
Insulatio n Products
82
41 11/7/2019
83
Cellulose Sheep’sWool Cotton / Denim
CAVITYINSULATION
84
42 11/7/2019
Cork Stramit / Durra Wood Fiberboard
SHEATHING / ENVELOPE WRAP
85
Mycellium Root Mat
EMERGING INSULATIONPRODUCTS
86
43 11/7/2019
Cork Wood Bark
EXTERIOR CLADDING / INTERIOR FINISHES & FURNISHINGS
87
Bamboo
Simon Valez, Architect
88
44 11/7/2019
BamCore House by 361Architecture– Mill Valley,CA
89
Hempcrete
Marks & Spencer Cheshire Oaks Store,UK Aukett SwankeArchitects
90
45 11/7/2019
Push House, Asheville, NorthCarolina Anthony BrennerArchitect
91
Good Wood
EsalenInstitute Lodge,Big Sur,CA– Arkin Tilt Architects
92
46 11/7/2019
Salvaged and ReusedWood - EsalenInstitute Lodge,Big Sur,California– Arkin Tilt Architects
93
EsalenInstitute Lodge,Big Sur,California – Arkin Tilt Architects
94
47 11/7/2019
CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER
Mo/Dus Architects / Austrian TimberNetwork
95
TALLTIMBER T3Tower,Minneapolis – Michael GreenArchitecture / DLR Group
96
48 11/7/2019
Wood HybridTruss
44,430 BTU pertruss (primarily thesteel)
Sequestered Carbon: 1357.2 lbs. (wood)
Long-Span Truss Carbon Comparison
Steel I-Beam Truss
71,330 BTU per truss
(60% more carbon, nonesequestered)
97
Zero House Project
Clarksburg, Ontario 1,100 square feet, $254/sq.ft. 24 tons of CO2 storage
•Zerotoxins
•75%net energy production on site
•90% of materials<250kmradius
•95% less constructionwaste
Endeavor Centre – ChrisMagwood
98
49 11/7/2019
Unicorn Farm Residence
Middlesex, Vermont
1,650 sf, $303/sq.ft.
Off-grid,fossil fuel and foam-free
600 kg of net CO2estorage
New Frameworks –Jacob Deva Racusin
99
CLAY
EricaAnn Bush– Day One Design
100
50 11/7/2019
Light Straw- Clay Santa Fe,NewMexico – Paula Baker-Laporte,Architect
101
Insulate Double Hill IslandRetreat, Shanghai, China d Arkin TiltArchitects Rammed Earth
102
51 11/7/2019
Canyon Road Bridge Residence, Santa Fe,NewMexico – Arkin Tilt Architects
103
PISE
Pneumatically Impacted Stabilized Earth Tip-Top Residence, Napa,California– Arkin Tilt Architects
104
52 11/7/2019
Earth Masonr
y Units Watershed Strawbale Residence, Healdsburg, California Arkin TiltArchitects
105
Watershed Materials, Napa,California
106
53 11/7/2019
Watershed StrawbaleResidence,Watershed Strawbale Healdsburg, Residence, CaliforniaArkin Healdsburg, Tilt Architects California
107
STRAW
Vine Hill Strawbale Residence, Sebastopol,California Arkin TiltArchitects
108
54 11/7/2019
Simonton House – Purdum, Nebraska1908 Burritt Museum – Huntsville, Alabama1938
109
IRC CODE SECTION – IBC NEXT
110
55 11/7/2019
Straw= 1.62lb. CO2 per lb. of straw,stored annually – 2,000sf home=approx. 10.5tons CO2
111
STACKEDBENEFITS
• Annually Renewable–By-Product of Grain
• High Insulation Value – R-30 (1.2– 2.0/in.)
• ThickWalls – Deep Jambsat Openings
• Good IAQ and Humidity Control
• STORES CARBON !
• AcousticControl
• Structural Integrity
• Excellent FireResistance
• Durable and LongLasting
• Thermal Mass and TimeLag • User Friendly- CommunityBuilding Wee But ‘n’ Ben,Berkeley,California Arkin TiltArchitects
112
56 11/7/2019
113
Santa Cruz Mountains Residence – Debrae Lopes and MicheleLandeggar,BoaConstructor Design-Build
114
57 11/7/2019
Norrbom Road Strawbale Home (wildfire survivor), Sonoma, California – Arkin Tilt Architects
115
116
58 11/7/2019
117
LosPadres USForest ServiceStatio, King City,California– WRNS Studio
118
59 11/7/2019
Ridge Winery – Lytton Springs,California- Freebairn-Smith and Crane Architects
119
Trillium-Lakelands Elementary Teachers’ Union Office
Lindsay, Ontario 2,400 sf,$208/sq.ft. 86 tonsof net CO2 storage
•Zero toxins
•105% net energy production onsite
•90% ofmaterials <250km radius
•80% less
construction waste Endeavor Centre – ChrisMagwood
120
60 11/7/2019
Mahonia Mixed-Use Buidling, Warehouse&Office – Anni Tilt AIA, Arkin Tilt Architects
121
122
61 11/7/2019
EricaAnn Bush– Day One Design
123
Mahonia Building
Eugene,Oregon
34,000sf,$147/sq.ft.
12 tons net CO2estorage in straw / woodwalls
salvaged resources rainwater catchment daylight and community
124
62 11/7/2019
Ludwigstein, Germany – Architects
125
5story Ijburg Amsterdam, Netherlands - Rene Dalmeijer
126
63 11/7/2019
Panelized Straw Walls – EcoCocon– Lithuania - Bjorn Kiefulf,Architect
127
MODCELL (panelized straw bale) – Knowle West Media Centre, UK– White Design Architects
128
64 11/7/2019
MODCELL (panelized straw bale) – Inspire, Bradford, UK– White Design Architects
129
MODCELL (panelized straw bale) – LILACCo-Housing, UK– White Design Architects
130
65 11/7/2019
TAM (compressed straw panels, chopped straw,larch) – Bristol, UK– White Design Architects
131
TAM (compressed straw panels, chopped straw,larch) – Bristol, UK– White Design Architects
132
66 11/7/2019
TAM (compressed straw panels, chopped straw,larch) – Bristol, UK– White Design Architects
133
TAM (compressed straw panels, chopped straw,larch) – Bristol, UK– White Design Architects
134
67 11/7/2019
TAM (compressed straw panels, chopped straw,larch) – Bristol, UK– White Design Architects
135
TAM (compressed straw panels, chopped straw,larch) – Bristol, UK– White Design Architects
136
68 11/7/2019
Residence JulesFerry,SaintDie, France– Antoine Pagnaux,ASPArchitecture
137
Wood Straw ConcreteSteel
Residence JulesFerry,SaintDie, France– Antoine Pagnaux,ASPArchitecture
138
69 11/7/2019
Resources for GettingThere • Embodied • One ClickLCA CarbonNetwork • Tally LCA(Revit) • Carbon Leadership • Athena Impact Forum Estimator
• Architecture • EC3 (due torelease 2030 Nov. 19th)
• CarbonSmart • ICE Database (v.3 Materials comingsoon!) Pallette • BuildWell Library
• International • California LivingFuture Straw Institute - “Zero Building Carbon” Association - Certification CASBA 139
Resources for GettingThere
www.materialspalette.org
140
70 11/7/2019
Resources for GettingThere
Free download of code w/commentary from CASBA: www.strawbuilding.org https://www.newsociety.com/Books/S/Straw-Bale-Building-Details
141
Resources for GettingThere
142
71 11/7/2019
Be There!
143
Real Zero Carbon Buildings by 2050 or “Building like we’re listening to Greta...” Chris Magwood, Endeavour Centre, October 9, 2019 144
72 11/7/2019
No more numbers games. We need to make real zero carbon buildings, and we need to start now.
145
“Net zero building”
Does a net zero energy building help solve climate change?
146
73 11/7/2019
Study of two common low- rise buildings with different materials
And different levels of energy efficiency 147
212 tonnes 9.3 Roof: Trusses & OSB & clay tiles 200 24.4 Ceiling: MgO board & ccSPF 36.7 Floors: Steel joists & OSB & carpet & tile 5.3 Windows: Double pane & vinyl frame 39.2 Int. walls: Light steel framing & drywall 100 21.3 Cladding: Cement brick 33.6 Walls: Frame & OSB & ccSPF & XPS
27.3 Slab: High EC concrete & XPS insulation Net CO2e emissions, tonnes emissions, CO2e Net 0 14.7 Fdn: High EC concrete & XPS insulation
-100 Upfront embodied embodied carbon Upfront comparison
148
74 11/7/2019
212
200
Roof: Trusses & OSB & asphalt shingles Ceiling: Drywall & mineral wool 100 68 Floors: Wood I-joists & eng. wood & vinyl tonnes 4.3 7.2 Windows: Double pane & vinyl frame 11.5 5.3 7.5 7.5 Int. walls: Wood frame & drywall 6.3 Net CO2e emissions, tonnes emissions, CO2e Net 10.1 0 8.3 Cladding: Fiber cement Walls: Frame & OSB & mineral wool Slab: Avg concrete & mineral wool Fdn: Avg concrete & mineral wool -100 Upfront embodied embodied carbon Upfront comparison
149
212
200
100 68 Net CO2e emissions, tonnes emissions, CO2e Net 7.2 -10.2 0 5.7
Wait, what’s this? Walls: Frame + cellulose + wood fiberboard A negative number? Slab: High SCM concrete + EPS Net CO2e storage CO2e Net -100 Fdn: High SCM concrete + EPS Upfront embodied embodied carbon Upfront comparison
150
75 11/7/2019
Cellulose -4510 kg
151
152
76 11/7/2019
153
154
77 11/7/2019
In 2016, there were 2.16 billion tonnes of grain Straw acoustic straw produced globally, drawing down 8 billion panels
tonnes of CO2. That’s almost ¼ of all annual GHG emissions. It’s also enough to replace all insulation materials and still leave 20% to return to soils. And we already have the manufacturing know- how to produce viable building materials.
Straw Block VestaEco Systems Straw blocks and sheets
155
212
200
Roof: Trusses + plywood+ steel
Ceiling: Drywall + FSC wood + cellulose 100 68 Floors: 2x12 + plywood + FSC hardwood + engineered wood
-15 Windows: Double pane + alum. clad wood tonnes Net CO2e emissions, tonnes emissions, CO2e Net 7.2 -10.2 5.7 Int. walls: Framing + drywall + FSC wood 0 -7.6 2.3 4.54.4 -9.8-7.4 Cladding: FSC softwood
Walls: Frame + cellulose + wood fiberboard Net CO2e storage CO2e Net -100 Slab: High SCM concrete + EPS Upfront embodied embodied carbon Upfront comparison Fdn: High SCM concrete + EPS 156
78 11/7/2019
212
200
Roof: Trusses + FSC cedar shake
100 Ceiling: Straw insulation + ReWall 68 Floors: 2x12 + FSC plank + linoleum + FSC softwood -117
Net CO2e emissions, tonnes emissions, CO2e Net -15 tonnes Windows: Double pane + wood frame 0 -2.41.1 -16.9 -7.6 Int. walls: Compr. straw panels + ReWall
-49.2 Cladding: FSC softwood
1.1 Walls: Double stud + straw + fiberboard -11.5 Net CO2e storage CO2e Net -100 -28.3 Slab: Adobe + expanded glass aggregate Upfront embodied embodied carbon Upfront comparison -3.5 Fdn: Iso-span ICF with fiberboard 157
236
200 212
100
68 79 Net CO2e emissions, tonnes emissions, CO2e Net 0
-15 -17 Net CO2e storage CO2e Net -100 Code compliant Net zero ready Upfront embodied embodied carbon Upfront comparison -117 -133 158
79 11/7/2019
159
512 500 Embodied carbon reductions 300 60 tonnes 476 240 significantly outweigh operational reductions. 400 368 And the reduction are now. 300 319 300 285 240
300 tonnes/year 8 10tonnes/year 236 223 200 212 183 157 144 240 300 tonnes , Toronto, Canada 2020-2050 Canada Toronto, , tonnes 107 100 240 68 83 79 96 tonnes tonnes 0 102 116 -15 -17
Operational & embodied carbon comparison carbon & embodied Operational tonnes tonnes
Natural gas heating gas Natural -100 Code compliant -117 Net zero ready -133 160
80 11/7/2019
512 500 300 476 We can build and operate the 240 Low EC buildings on the same carbon budget as just constructing the High EC 400 368 300 319 300 285 240
300 tonnes/year 8 10tonnes/year 236 223 200 183 212 240 300 , Toronto, Canada 2020-2050 Canada Toronto, , 107 100 240 68 79
0
-15 -17 Operational & embodied carbon comparison carbon & embodied Operational
Natural gas heating gas Natural -100 Code compliant -117 Net zero ready -133 161
512 500 For each step in EC 476 With clean energy supply, reduction there is essentially no combined EC & OC is lower 400 improvement in carbon 368 than just EC of previous emissions step 319from reaching net zero 284 300 266 285 standards 48 54 223 236 200 212 183
, Toronto, Canada 2020-2050 Canada Toronto, , 122 127 107 100 54 48 68 79 39 31 -63 -85 0 54 48
-15 -17 Operational & embodied carbon comparison carbon & embodied Operational -100 54
Air source heat pump heat source Air Code compliant -117 Net zero ready 48 -133 162
81 11/7/2019
This is how we need Not Energy Use to think about zero Intensity carbon buildings… Carbon Use Intensity CUI-2050? 163
Carbon Use Intensity
Pathway to a carbon positive CUI-2050… -20 to -350 2 Do this within the next five years! kgCO2e/m
100 to -20 2 Do this within the next 2-5 years kgCO2e/m
Do this right now, 100 to 200 2 if you can’t do better. kgCO2e/m
200 to 500 Stop doing this right kgCO e/m2 now 2
164
82 11/7/2019
Zero House ZERO CARBON, ZERO TOXIN, ZERO WASTE,
165 PREFAB HOME
Zero House Fully panelized. Stackable row house design.
166
83 11/7/2019
Simple, affordable panelization. Off-the-shelf and innovative materials.
167
One day assembly for floors, walls & roof
168
84 11/7/2019
Zero construction emissions
Near zero construction waste
169
Completely non-toxic materials
170
85 11/7/2019
Built by a tiny not-for-profit building school. R&D budget of $0. Assembled in 6 days. Three times. What are the barriers? Built for $280/square foot.
171
What are the barriers for moving from
-20 to -350 2 red to green? kgCO2e/m
100 to -20 2 kgCO2e/m
100 to 200 2 kgCO2e/m This is our
200 to 500 2 best chance at making kgCO2e/m real zero carbon
172 buildings
86 11/7/2019
What are the barriers for moving from
-20 to -350 2 red to green? kgCO2e/m
100 to -20 2 kgCO2e/m
100 to 200 2 kgCO2e/m Can you explain
200 to 500 2 kgCO2e/m away the barriers to the youth in
173
87