On Florida's West Coast

Development Decision Near HAPPYBIRTHDAY, On Florida's West Coast BN~:~~:ld~~~e~O~h~YOnthe By DONALD MOODY bars could acceleratebeach erosion on Upper Cap- reef, you probably don't match BessieArnold, one of SANIBEL ISLAND - Florida State Department tiva and Cayo Costa, being purchasedby the State the organizingmembers of the HawaiianMalacological of Environmental Regulation (DER) officials are of Florida as part of the multimillion-dollar Societyand its secretaryimmediately after World War still trying to decide the fate of an increasingly EnvironmentallyEndangered Lands Program. II. Her 102ndbirthday was October 21. controversialbeach improvement project for resort- Public hearings were held in April on another Bessie lives at a care developmentproperty on Redfish Passbetween Cap- increasingly jmponant aspect of the beach project: homein Tucson,Arizona, tiva and Upper Captiva Islands. Both islands, along the developer's application to move the "erosion- near her daughter, Wini- with better-known Sanibel, form part of a chain of control line" seawardof its presentlocation to coin- fred Arnold. Three other barrier islands along Florida's West Coast. cide with the beachfront after "renourishment." A daughters - Helen Lee County (Florida) Commissioners gave the second public hearing on the erosion control line Daniels, of Honolulu; green light for the project after several stormy pub- issue was held in nearby Fort Myers after the first Virginia Julich, of Enum- lic meetings early this year. U.S. Army Corps of hearing on Captiva was heavily attendedby Captiva claw, Washington; and Engineers held hearings on the proposal to move property owners and developers. Attorneys for the Marjorie Hungerford of several hundred thousand cubic feet of sand from developer objected to the secondhearing and com- Seattle- plannedto be in offshore sandbarsto the resort's shoreline. plained bitterly to legislatorsand state officials in an Tucsonfor the birthday or State DER officials have indicated that they will attemptto overturn the DNR decision. 1979photo soon afterward. probably deny permits for the project, which has The secondhearing was attendedby citizens who "Mother still has a sharpeye and a keen mind," been under increasing criticism from environmen- questionedthe legal authority of the trusteesof the remarkedMrs. Daniels. "Her marvelousshell collec- tal groups and commercial fishing interests. They State Internal Improvement Fund to consider a tion is intact, although shehas given a few specimens claim the removal of the sand would alter salinity changeon the erosion control line on the privately away, My husbandand I havea goldencowry, which in nearbybackbay areas of Pine Island Sound, which funded project. State .law only speaksto "publicly bearsa label saying: the pass connects with the Gulf of Mexico, and funded" renourishment projects, and environ- 'This shell was given to BessieH. Arnold in cause undetermined environmental damage to the mentalists have charged that the developersare at- Honol\llu in 1950by JulietteCooke Melanphy. It highly productive breeding nursery for shrimp, tempting to circumvent some State controls by not was in the collection of her father, Amos Frank crabs, crustaceans,mollusks, and a variety of en- involving any public funding. Cooke, brother of Charles Montague Cooke dangeredmarine animals. If granted: .such a change would give the de- (1874~1948) [famed Bishop Museum mala- velopers additional beachfront property at the ex-. ... State Departmentof Natliral Resources(DNR) of- pense of the public. Some estimates say that the cologlst]. In 1976, Bessie, 97'h., gives this rare ficials have also expressedprivate reservationsabout' 'renourishedi, beach is worth several million dol- shell to her favorite son-in-law, JamesGanson the impact of the "renourishment" on sensitivebar- lars to the developerswho are .attempting to place Daniels.' . . . the resort complex on the market. ner Islan~ to the north of Captlva. Some feel that DER officials say they are waiting for the deci- "Mother came to Ha- the alteration of the offshore configurationsof sand- sion from DNR on the erosion control line. DNR waii first in 1917, when officials say they won't act until DER rules on the my father was stationedat environmentalpermits. Attorneys for the developers t fli teh U..S Army Scoleh fi ld are con Inulng. .. to put Intense pressure on State 0 - . cials to make a quick ruli~ an the project. If the Barracks, outside Hono- permit is denied, as expected, the developer may lulu. After many transfers challenge the denial through the state's administra- she came to Hawaii as a tive appealsprocedure. ... The developer's attorneys include a former State resident In 1935, remaln- administrative hearing officer well versed in the ing until 1952. We were legal and evidenciary proceduresof the Administra- here on Pearl Harbor Day tive Appeals Act. They appearconfident of winning. 1941 M th ked -:lWO~- their casein that legal forum. In . 0 er wor as In Meanwhile, to the north of Cayo Costa, a monu- a volunteernurse in the military hospitalsall through mental legislative battle to protect the tiny barrier the war. " island of Gasparilla from the pressuresof high-rise . . developmentwas won in the final day of the 1980 Mrs. Arnold early developeda keenInterest In shells sessionof the Florida Legislature. A bill sponsored andhad an excellentcollection by thetime sheretired to byWarren State Henderson Rep. Franklinto limit B. Manndensity and on Statethe tiny Senator bar- Tucson 30 years ago. Her daughter' Winnie, was the rier island, freeze all existing zoning, and place authorof A Glossary ora Thousand and One Terms severelimitatjons on building heights was saved in Used in Maiacology, which was published in The (Cont'd on Page 4) Veliger in 1965. Page2 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS November. 1980

'71a«.taiiale S Iedt 1te«.t4 ISSN 0017-8624 Objective? Subjective? employed by a cultured-pearl enterprise in Western Editor Emeritus E. R. CROSS With a recent pack of shell identification cards, Japan. He enrolled in English-language classes at Editor STUARTLILLICO Sally Diana Kaicher offered some cogent thoughts the University of Hawaii, but found time between AssociateEditors ELMERLEEHMAN. OLIVE on the differences between objective and subjective SCHOENBERG.GEORGE CAMPBELL lessons to enjoy scuba diving on the Kona Coast of ScienceAdvisor E. ALISONKAY synonymsin shell taxonomy. the island of Hawaii. He is a member of the ScienceConsuitant W. O. CERNOHORSKY "Dr. Erl:lst Mayer, in his Principles of Zoologi- Malacological Society of Japan, as well as ofHMS. Editorial Statt Lyman Higa. Clitf Weaver. cal Nomenclature, makes this quite clear," she * * * John K. Tucker declares. "An objective synonym is a new name for CorrespondingEditors: Fr. AI LopezSJ. WSM to Meet in June Oon Moody. William E Old Jr.. a supposedlypreoccupied name, or one basedon the The Western Society of Malacologists is a non- Peter van Pel. Thora Whitehead same specimenor illustration. No problem. Subjec- profit and educational society founded to promote HAWAIIAN MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY tive synonyms,on the other hand, are namesbased the study of malacology and invertebrate zoology (Founded in 1941) on different type material. POBox 10391 Honolulu. Hawaii 96816 through the encouragement of research, lectures, "Big problems sometimes arise when species publications and acquaintance and cooperation President OR. TOM BURCH from widely separatedlocalities and often visibly Vice President ; JOHNEARLE among persons, amateur and professional, interested different are synonymized - sometimes without Treasurer WESTHORSSON in these topics.

CorrespondingRecording Sec.y Sec'y OLIVESCHOENBERG explanation or any proof whatsoever. One should The 14th annual meeting of the Western Society always bear in mind that such synonymies reflect of Malacologists will be held at San Diego (Cal.) Directors only one worker's opinion. They are certainly NOT GEORGECAMPBELL RAY McKINSEY State University June 23 to 26, 1981. The meeting Gospel, engravedon stone!" WM. CHRISTENSEN MIKEOWENS will feature symposia and contributed papers on EO OUNHAM TOM RICHERT * * * molluscan topics, exhibits, shell and book auctions, STUARTLILLICO OOROTHYWENOT After several years of residence in Australia, and field trips. All interested persons are invited. KEITHZEILINGER The Society meets the first Wednesday of each month at the HMS member and occasional HSN author R. M. For information contact Bruce Fowler, 5512 Blos- Hawaii National Guard headquarters, Diamond Head Road Filmer is returning to England to live. His new som Terrace Ct., San Jose, California 95124. & 22nd Avenue, Honolulu at 7:30 p.m address is Winterbourne House, Chobham near * * * VISITORS WELCOME! Woking, Surrey, England. Travails of Travel Hawaiian Shell News is issued free to members of the Filmer seems to have completed his long-term Society. Postage raies have been computed and added to As Elmer Leehman wrote a few months ago, the membership dues Sjngle copies of any issue, $100, post- work on Australian cone shells. He reported that the best way to save money on rare shells is not neces- age included. Individual copies of any issue may be ob- manuscriptwas ready to go to the printer' 'via Bob tained. free of charge, by qualified individuals for bona fide sarily by traveling to the source. HMS member research projects da Motta in Bangkok." Copies should be available Members outside the United States are asked to pay with a Tony Gabelish of Western Australia visited Mauri- bank cheque (not a draft) payable to HMS on a U.S bank. before the end of 1980, he added. tius early this year, seeking some of the treasures of (Be sure your name and address appear on the cheque.) * * * that island. While at Port Louis he rented a car, HMS DUES FOR 19B1 Welcome to Hawaii which he prudently parked close to the police station First Class delivery of HSN in U.S, Canada and Mexico (Recommended) $18.00 Recent visitors to Honolulu have included some while about his business in the city. On his return, By Bulk Mail to US Zip Code well-known namesin shelldom. he found a window smashed and his luggage, addresses $15.00 As Printed Matter to Canada and Fred and Marjorie Kleckham, of Seaforth, North clothes, camera, passport and stock of shells gone! Mexico (4 to 6 weeks) $17.00 Delivery by Air Mail (Recommended) Queensland,stopped on their way back to Papua The loss of the passport was particularly trouble- to Caribbean and Central America (1 week) $22.00 New Guinea from the U:K. They are presentlyserv- some, Gabelish reports. Port Louis police were un- to Europe, Med. Africa and S. America (2 weeks) $23.50 ing as agricultural consultantsat Popondetta,on the able to locate any of his belongings. to Pacific. Asia, Africa (2 weeks) $25.00 Solomon Sea east of Port Moresby. They expect to * * * Delivery by Letter Mail (5 to 10 weeks) $18.50 Delivery as Printed Matter spend the coming yea, there before returning to The 1980 HSN Index (8 to 30 weeks) $16.50 Australia and their yacht Cellana. Publication of the annual HSN Index has been Associate membership (HMS card but no HSN) $ 1.00 Toshihiko Fujii, of Kitakyushu City. Japan, re- deferred in anticipation of a five-year 1976-1980 There is a $1.00 charge for Change of Address turned to his home late in August after spending cumulative index, to be ready in a few months. Ray Articles of interest to shell collectors are solicited Con- nearly a year in Hawaii. Fujii is a marine biologist McKinsey continues as Index Editor. tents are not copyrighted. Republication, with credit to HSN, is invited Advertisements are accepted at the rate of US $18.00 per colunm-inch/issue, payable in advance Discounts are offered for six and twelve insertions. Write to the Correspond- ing Secretary for information Under Cover Work in Hawaii's Pinna Beds "What Goes On in the Pinna Bed?" was the beds and nearby sandpatches. WELCOME TO HAWAII!! theme of the program at the October I membership In a film put together during several years of meeting of the Society. Speakerswere vice presi- experimenting, Bob Rutherford reported on his ef- HMS membersvisiting Hawaii are invited to con- dent John Earle, Beatrice Burch and Wes Thorsson. forts to exploit Hawaii's pen shells as a source of tact the Society while in Honolulu. Pleasekeep in Pen shells are generally found in 60 to 200+ feet human food. Pinna are perfectly edible, he said, but mind, however, that the Society office is open ir- of water along the leeward shores of the Hawaiian the technical difficulties of harvesting so far have regularly, and that it does not have a telephone. islands. The beds not only constitute a large share frustratedcommercial use. Society officers are listed individually in the tele- of the biomass in that habitat, but they provide phone book. If in doubt, ask the Waikiki Aquarium The September3 meeting of the Society heard or the Bishop Museum for names.Better still, write shelter, food and nursery area for a multitude of fish Richard Salisbury and Bob Schoeningtell of shell- to the Society in advance. The Museum's Karl and molluscsi"Earle pointed out. Mrs. Burch re- ing adventuresin Guam. Their remarks were illus- Greene Shell Room has a good display of both ported on the ~ults of dredging research, while trated with copious slides of shells and scenery. Hawaiian and Indo-Pacific species. Thorssontold of the molluscan speciesfound in the S.L. November, 1980 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page

By OLIVE SCHOENBERG Echinoderms(starfishes, sea urchins, sea cucumbers) are hosts to several small gastropods (some with attractive shells), crustaceans(shrimps) and even anemones.Some of the animals are parasitic and others symbiotic. The parasitic ones firmly at- tach themselves to the outside of their host echinodermsor even burrow deep into the tissues, thus making it their ~rmanent home. Take a close look at the undersideof some of the stars, sea cucumbersor urchins. You may find some little creatures attaching themselves or burrowing into the body of the host. Here in Hawaii, a large red starfish, averaging 12 inches across, sometimes is found in sandy areas from 75 feet to over 100 feet by scubadivers. This star is the habitat of a littleporcelanenous shell only a few millimeters long. It attachesitself by injecting its mouth parts and even part of the shell itself into the ventral side of these stars. So firmly do they hold on that it is possible to bring them up to the l surface from deep water and transport them to an Above - a group of parasitic Eulimids on the under Photos: Schoenberg aquarium without their becoming detached. The side of a Holothurian. Leeward Oahu. Hawaii. tiny white shell is of the Eulimidae family, Below - Two Vexilla vexiUum (Gmelin) live com- Echineulima robusta Pease,1860. fortably among the spines of a sea urchin, on which Another little shiny white shell of the Eulimidae they feed, Oahu. Right: a single Thyca crystallina family is parasitic on black Holothuria atro (sea (Gould) is firmly attached to the arm of a Linckia cucumbers),being common on them in certain areas stalfish. Madang, Papua New Guinea of Waikiki. Clustersof 10 to 20 can be seenon one ing around under rocks, in sand, or on the reefs. A cucumber.Sometimes they are partially imbeddedin striped black and brownish-pink shell, Vexilla vexil- the host's leathery skin where they suck out the lum (Gmelin, 1791), a member of the Thaididae juices. Becausethe shells are so slippery they are hard to capture. family, is sometimesfound among the pink spines on the ventral side of the urchin, Echinometra Cidaroidan urchins (the ones with thick, blunt spines) have little shells attachedto their spines. A 111llthaeiBlainville, a shallow water species. They appear to use the urchin as a sanctuary and are close look reveals Hipponix species. If the shell is removed a scar is left on the spine. The longer the probably not parasitic. Only at certain times of the year have I found them with urchins. Most of the parasitelives on the urchin, the deeper the scar be- time V. vexillum are found living under rocks comes. The shell attachesitself ~rrnanently to its farther out in deeper water. The shells are often host, spending its entire life there. The older the into shallow water and hide under the urchins when inhabitatedby hermit crabs. Possibly vexillum move cidaroid, the more parasitesit has on its spines. spawning. There is sometimes more than one under Linckia-type starfish have little parasitic shells an urchin - one large and one small shell. Kay in attached to their' 'arms." One of these shells is her Hawaiian Marine Shells reports that V. vexil- Stilifer linckiae, a cone-sha~ shell of about 5mm /urn feed on the helmet urchin. Colobocentrotus averageheight. They, too, dig deep into the flesh of atratus. A photo shows the mollusk inserting its the starfish host. Female stylifers are several times proboscis into the urchin. the size of males. The male attacheshimself to his A purple, elongated shrimplike creature is occa- female, making sure she never gets away. sionally found living among the spines of a deep- In rare casesanother pretty little shell parasitizes water urchin with long, lethal looking pink or Linckia stars - Thyca crystallina Gould. If one purple-black spines. The skinny shrimp attaches it- carefully detachesthe T. crystallina from its host self head first to the body of the urchin and lets its and peers into the soft parts (with a magnifying body wave in the currents and sway with the fine piece) one might find a tiny male, barely a milli- spines, thus rendering itself almost invisible. In (his meter in size. What they don't go through for a habitat it certainly seems to be well protected from little sex! predators. It is possible to irritate the shrimp off its Two si>t;Ciesof Stilifer live on the long-spined host, but it cannot tolerate life alone and soon dies. urchin, Echinothrix &demo. one is about IOmm References .I. Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii, Edmondson,1946. long and a little !l1ore bulbous than those that live 2. Hawaiian Marine Shells, Alison Kay, 1979. on seacucumbers. 3. Hawaiian She, News: April 1963. July 1964, March Some shells s~nd part of their time living with 1964, Feb. 1968. May 1968, Dec. 1968. April 1969, Feb. 1979. another host and part of their lives just plain roam- L 4. Pacific Sea SheDs,Tinker, 1958. Page 4 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS November, 1980

Voluma (Pugilina) cochlidium Linne, 1758 a member of the Melongenidae, is found across the Indian Ocean from Madagascarand Mauritius to Western Australia and the Darwin area. Volegalea wardiana Iredale is a synonym. This pair - one specimendextral and the other sinistral - was pro- By ELIZABETH KINLOCH POOL-IN-WHARFEDALE, U.K. - My copy of cured recently on Mauritius. There were no data with the "straight" shell, but the left-handed one Hawaiian Shell News for September1980 has just bore a note that it had been found off Madagascarin reached me. "Harpa Happenings" (page 3), had 20 to 30 feet of water on sandy grassbottom. two separatereferences by two very knowledgeable : Both are now in the collection of HMS member collectors to the locality given for one of my shells, i j Cid Derry, of Fullerton, California. a Harpa costata. I immediately looked up HSN April 1980 to see L ~-- what had been written about this shell. My interest Photo: Derry Dealerin turned to embarrassment when I found myself FLORIDA --' (Cont'd from Page 1) WORLDWIDE CYPRAEA quotedas saying that this H. costata had been found an eleventh hour appeal and passedby the legisla- "north of Mombasa," in Kenya. ture. Cypraea Nut Hut A similar measurepassed the previous year after (I must explain that my April HSN arrived while a bitter battle on the floor of the State House be- P. O. Box 313 I was away in South Africa visiting our daughter. tween members of the local legislative delegation. Point Westport, Mass. 02791, USA When I returned a large pile of mail had accu- That bill survived intense special-interestlobbying and repeated appeals to Governor Bob Graham to mulated and HSN was at the bottom. Normally I South Australian Marine Specimens veto the measure, only to be ruled unconstitutional POBox 362, Blackwood,5051, 8!h Aus! read it from cover to cover at least twice but, with on a technicality. We specialise in specime;" quality Lawmakers are confident that the measure will urgent matters to deal with, on this occasion I South ern Austrlalian'!;hells. survive constitutional challenges this year. Gas- merely flipped through the pagesand put it aside for SJ?etiar.brdersundertaken for parilla straddles the entrance of Charlotte Harbor perusal at my leisure. Alas, the issue remained specimens and photographs. and borderson three major aquatic preserves. Dealers orders welcome. buried until now.) State DNR officials have also approved the first Writefor free pricelist. To set the record straight, the quotation was inac- regulations for the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve in Dade County (Miami) and are presently conduct- curate. I must disclaim' 'Mombasa, Kenya" as a ing public hearings on rules and regulationsfor the Wholesale, Retail. Exchange rangeextension of Harpa costata. State's other 35 preserves..The State of Florida Seashells. Shark Jaws & Teeth. Shell Crafts, Curios The truth is that I obtained the shell in South created and designated sensitive marine areas throughout Florida as aquatic preservesin 1975. But Africa during an earlier stay there. I had visited an actual rules to regulate developmentactivity, com- 9.",ia.l ~nle..p..ises 12u. elderly Afrikaans woman with scant knowledge of mercial and recreationalpr.essures on the resources., P.O. Box 1046, Taichung 400, Taiwan shells but who simply loved them for their beauty. and use of the preserves, were never promulgated Phone: 042-275853; Telex No. 51390 - rendering the aquatic preserve act ineffective to Eichung All Jovial No.3 She had a room with shelf after shelf full of shells accomplish its main goal of protecting the State's from all over the world - no data, many beach- valuable marine resources. aSTINI est. 1967 worn and quite a few broken, but she loved them "The big environmental battles in Florida have Vis San Godenzo 141 - 00189 ROMA - ITALY 1)Pricelistfreeonre~est. ~' been fought and won during the early seventies," all! 2) Extensive price list of mediterranean and ...I' noted one prominent environmentalist."But the real worldwide shells at U.S.$3.00 (refundable with first order). Among a dozen harp shells in one comer, I iden- battle - to develop the administrative rules and 3) The book (GUIDA ALLE CONCHIGLIE MEDITERRANEE) tified just one H: costata. Would she exchangeit regulations necessaryto protect what we have won iRustrating more than 500 species with full coloured photo- - is just beginning." graphs at US.$25.00 (surface mail expenses included) for anything else? She replied, "Yes, for something 4) Mediterranean dredged material. pretty! " The Board of Trustees of the Southwest Florida ConchologistsSociety endorsedlegal petitions from SO I went home and filled a large chocolate box the Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation and Thomas Honker with the most colorful shells among my "swops," others to force the State to undertake the rule- SPECIMEN SHELLS arrangingthem very carefully to enhancetheir color making effort. Resolutions of support for the legal petitions were forwarded to the State Departmentof P. O. BOX 1011, 25 N.E. 10TH STREET and beauty. Next day I returned with my offering. Natural Resources, Governor Graham, and local DELRAY BEACH, FL 33444 U.S.A. The old lady was delighted with my selection, and lawmakers, many who have been extremely suppor- PHONE (305) 276-9658 willingly parted with the only shell in her large tive of the effort. WRITE FOR FREE LIST collection which I coveted - my first Harpa costata. This is the shell figured in HSN April 1980. House of Quality and Service The mistake in locality apparently arose during my subsequent(September 1979) visit to Hawaii. I M. KURZ. INC. talked with many fellow members of HMS about ~ 1575 NORTH 118th ~JREET many shells, including my treasuredH. costata. It WAUWATOSA,JWIJ$3226" ~',,' U.S.A. would have been all too easyfor a misunderstanding I Dealer in Fineal'ld /tare Specimen Shells to have occured. I ,,4df4SJperior Quality 1\ 444",,1\" . I rC,u~/'y'6est shells, at the uery best pnces

Blame it on the editor! He should have checked 1:\~~"'" WRITE FOR FREE PRICE LIST the quotation with Mrs. Kinloch who. by the time it " SHELLS BOUGHT, SOLD AND TRADED appeared in HSN, had returned to England. Our apologies, all around. LARGEST MAIL ORDER SEASHELL DEALER IN THE U.S.A. November, 1980 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page5

HMS Shell Auction Is Called 'Tops' in By GLADYS C. CORPUZ Three Archeogastropod species of the family Quality and Variety Patellidae endemic to Hawaii, comprise the Ha- The HMS Shell Auction scheduled for October waiian delicacy opihi'. They are CeUana exarata 25 (while this issue of HSN was coming off the Reeve, locally known as opihi makaiauli, C. sand- presses) is likefy to be without precedent in the wicensis Pease('alinalina) , and C. talcosa Gould variety and value of shells offered. (ko'ala). Subtle morphological differences such as After deductions for hall rental and minor ex- the shell thickness and height, ridge sculpture, and penses, the returns from the sale are to go to the color of the foot, as well as specificity in habitats, HMS Sch~arship Fund, which in the past three are characteristicsused to identify these species. years has distributed nearly $10.000 among students of malacology. All three species live on exposed wave-beaten Three weeks before the auction date, Sale chair- rocky shores in Hawaii and may co-occur on the man Wes Thorsson reported that donations of shells same shorelines, such as at Halawa Bay on the had been received from 30 individual HMS mem- island of Molokai. C. exarata lives on the supra- bers in all parts of the world, and from a dozen tidal zone, feeding on microalgae and young thalli importantdealers. The latter are identifiedby the of macroalgaeon the rocks. C. sandwicensis lives --,~««~~"~,~~~ phrase "Auction Donor" in their ad in HSN, lower on shore, on the intertidal rocks where the Juveniles of Cel/ana exarata (Reeve) grazing on "Donations were received from virtually every strongestwave actionconstantly beats. C. talcosa, microalgae growing on glass settling plates. Two to comer of the world," declaredThorsson. "England, the largest of the opihi, live subtidally, but extend three whorls of patelloid "hell growth form a brim Germany, Ascension Island, Italy, Spain. South.Af- their ranges to the lower areas occupied by C. on the helmetlikeprotoconch lip. On the six-day-old rica, Australia, New Zealand, India, Thailand, the sandwicensis. (I) the patelloid limpet shell does not encircle the Philippines, Canada,the PersianGulf. half a dozen protoconch aperture completely. Figures 2.and 3 CeUana exarata seems 10 range the farthest, U.S. states and, of course, Hawaii were rep- show progressive growth of the patelloid shell at extending from the big island of Hawaii to Gardner resented. eight and ten days respectively. The IO-day-old hl?s Pinnacles, a span of about 900 miles. C. sand. "Most areaswithout donors were coveredby complete whorls. The protoconch will be shed at wicensis is not known to occur north of. Necker well-wishersin other parts, so that we have an about the 19th day. Island, but is present down to the big island of excellent worldwide collection of shells for sale. The bar in eachfigure representsO.lmm. Hawaii. "In several instances, we got complete sets of Ms Corpuz last year received a grant from the cones and cowries. A member in Spain sent us a Like many Archeogastropods,CeUana spp. are HMS Scholarship Fund to assist in her study of the whole collection of shells of severalfamilies. In this broadcastspawners. They shed their eggs and sperm edible limpet in Hawaii. Photos: Corpuz into the sea where fertilization and developmenttake instance,as in others, i' appearedthat the donor had place. The fertilized egg develops rapidly into a madea selectionfrom his entire collection. swimming trochophore larva which becomes a "And I must say that our advertisersoutdid them- pelagic veliger in a few hours by growth of a selvesin selectingshells for us. helmetlike protoconch. "As auction chairman I received queries from a number of membersregarding the quality of the In C. exarata, settling requires a hard surface shells to be offered. HMS donors definitely gave covered with a film of algae and in water well high-quality shells. I expect that they will be very aerated.The occurrenceof opihi only on wave- and much in demand. surf-beatenrocky shoresattests to the specific phys- "It is extremely gratifying to be in charge of an ical and biological requirementsfor settlementand event receiving such splendid support and coopera- habitat selectionin thesespecies. tion." Settlement is soon followed by metamorphosis Society members who donated shells as indivi- from a swimming veliger to a crawling juvenile. duals included: The most outstanding feature observed is the ap- Don Anderson, A. J. da Motta, Sid Sneider, Jon pearanceof a "brim" on the protoconch lip mark- Singleton, Lester L. Greene, S. S. Forrest, Keith ing the developmentand growth of the adult limpet Zeilinger, Harry Lee, C. S. Weaver, Mrs. K. Gow, shell. David Arnette, Betty Gallagher, Mrs. R. Russell, Cellana exarata rearedin the laboratory from egg Bonnie MacDowell, Manfred Blocher. Fernando to maturity reached a growth rate of 3.5mm per Dayrit, Olive Schoenberg.Mrs. Waverley Harmon, month during the third to sixth monthsof age. Elmer G. Leehman, Lula B. Siekman, Fred Hinkle, Sexual maturity occured six months after fertili- Jack Tait, Elsa Johanson,Edgar Cuaton. Richard zation at 18mm shell length. In nature, adult growth Sedlak. Wm. Bruce Wells. B. N. Everett, Eulia rates, observed by Dr. E. Alison Kay, decreased Jourdain. Pedro Talavera Torralba, W. R. Haas. after sexual maturi~yby about 2mm per month. It is Bob Purtymunand A. J. Gabelish. safe to assumethat the same trend will occur when Donors amongregular HSN advertisersincluded: animalsare rearedin the lab. Richard Kufz. Mal de Mer Enterprises. Richard If commercial culture of opihi becomesa reality, Goldberg, The Hawaiian Mollusk, Carfel Shell Ex- production to marketable size (about 4Omm shell port, South Australian Marine Specimens, Derry's length) can be estimatedconservativ~ly to take one Shell Shelter, Melania. Morrison Galleries, and vear and three months. Coin Shellcraft. Pal!e6 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS November. 1980

I The Color Plate I By ROWLAND F. ZEIGLER M.D. cillaria have a different shell morphology than does The color page with this issue of Hawaiian SheD MURRELLS INLET, SC - An attractive mem- Agaronia, and that both deservegeneric status. News is the Society's annual presentto membersall ber of the olive family was sent me by HSN Asso- The opinions of both Thiele and Burch were over the world. It is a reproduction from Reeve's ciate Editor Elmer Leehman in 1977 for identifi- based on radular similarities. In classifications, if Conchologia Iconica, published in November 1850 cation. I recognized it as Olivancillaria subulata only animal characteristicsare consideredand shell in London. As noted in the lower left comer, the Lamarck (HSN Feb. 1977). morphology ignored, imagine the problems of drawing and engraving were done by G. B. Sow- HSN Science Consultant Walter 0, Cernohorsky paleontologistsa few million yearshence! erby ll. advisesthat the correct name is lutaria Roding and The genus Agaronia includes species from the Oliva, PI. I figures Oliva angulata Lamarck, that the appropriategeneric group is Agaronia Gray American West Coast, West Africa and the Indian 1811, today put in synonymy with O. incrassata Ocean, accordingto Cernohorsky;To this should be (HSN July 1980). Lightfoot, 1786. Color of this species is variable, I thank Cemohorsky for his information, which added the east coast of South America where the ranging from dove gray to brown. Other forms of my own recent researchindicates is absolutely cor- well-known A. trovassosi Morretes, 1938 and the O. incrassata vary from gold to pure white to rect. The name lutaria Roding has priority and the little-known A. orbignyi Marrat, 1868 are found. glossy black. genericgroup is Agaronia. There is at least one exception to Cernohorsky's This color plate is copied from a volume of Con- The proper name for the illustrated Indonesian comment that the speciesof Olivancillaria are conchologia Iconica in the Rare Book Collection of the species thus is Agaronia lutaria Roding, 1798. fined to South America. West Africa has one dainty University of Hawaii. Probable synonyms are subulata and luteola little species, namely, O. nana Lamarck, 1811. It Lamarck, 1811; modesta Reeve, 1850; barlhelmyi once was placedin the genusMicara Gray. Ducros, 1857, and lutaria, carita and cauta Mar- with an umlaut. Since non-Gennan printers seldom ratt, 1871. WHAT'S IN A NAME? have <>in their type fonts, it has become the custom In a note to the editor with the above material, to substitute oe. The ICZN long ago accepted this as Many authors (Thiele, etc.) consideredAgaronia Dr. Zeigler raised a minor point that seemsto have a legitimate alternate in species names. to be a subgenus of Olivancillaria. John Burch, worried other HMS members:what are the preferred Now comes Hawaiian Shell News. For purely however, writing on the genusAgaronia J. E. Gray, spellings of the names of Linneaus (Linne) and mechanical reasons we prefer' 'Linne" and' 'R<>d- 1839 (The Nautilus, Vol 77 (4), April 1964) Roeding (Roding)? The answeris, either. ing." We carry this a step further by dropping the The great Swedish naturalist wrote in Latin and diacritics, which our printer would have to add by pointed out that the genus Agaronia (1839) had consequentlysigned his works with the Latin form hand - if he remembered! We feel that the refer- priority over Olivancillaria Orbigny, 1840. of his name - Linnaeus. The modem tendency, ence is still perfectly clear without them. If either is to be madea subgenusof the other, he however, is to use the Swedishform - Linne, with We are not adamant, however. If a submitted a diacritic over the e. Either is acceptablein current article refers to Roeding. we usually leave it thai declared,the ge~usshou)d be Agaronia. writing. way. I agree with Cemohorskythat speciesof Olivan- The German scientist spelled his name Rooing, S.L.

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~ TURNERROAD, BANDRA, BOMBAY 400050 INDIA --~--~. 5342560 , TELEX: 011 5498 SHELLS ~ November. 1980 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page7 TO PONAPE FOR 'I'!.{,(A..).IIAot:Ll.t1IlttL Seeking cheap thrills or something, three As we all know, shellers tend to be viewed with k~ -it> A.4.J. c:$'d-d41./ veteran HMS members- Wes Thorsson and scepticism, if not actual distaste, by nonshellers. Ray McKinsey of Honolulu, and Bob Purty- Ponape's hotel people followed that tradition. Of tl/ad' ~ /¥/~ J ~ ...,.l.O mun of West Point, Oil. - two years ago course, we did have with us the results of a week's visited Majuro and Ponapeatolls in the Central collecting at Majuro, which might have prejudiced ~ ~A~dh Pacific. They spent their first week on Majuro, them. Read Patti's note. ~ on which they reported in HSN May 1979. Everything was in a rather large box. We had ~-V~.I,.../~.c.I;. d U4i ~ ~-' ju~~~; Then they made the flight to Ponape.Let Wes cleaned large shells, such as Lambis, as well as and Ray take it from here: possible, then stuffed toilet tissue into the apertures. Other specimens were treated by simply stuffing By WES TBORSSON and RAY McKINSEY paper into the apertures and wrapping closely. was a profusion of small Nassa serta, Strombus From Majuro we flew westward to Ponape with Shells were then sealed into double ziplock bags. gibberulus, S. mutabilis and S. luchuanus. Ceri- the idea of comparing shell populations. Air Mic- Several of these double bags were then placed in a thium asperum were in the sand at all depths in a larger envelope and sealed. This procedure great variety of shell patterns from pure white to ronesiamade the trip quickly and comfortably, with minimizes on-site cleaning problems and normally banded to dotted. Miter and Vexillum hunting was a brief stop at Kwajalein en route. gets everything home safely, but it by no means good in the sand, also. Ponape is more isolated than Majuro in many eliminated the smell. At least once each dive, sharksof substantialsize respects. OUr first indication of this fact was the Ponapeis a so-called high island (as opposedto went past us, adding interestto the area. the low atolls) with hills approaching 1600 feet. We sampledthe tops and slopes of patch reefs in tiny customs inspection area where - contrary to Rainfall is plentiful most of the year, more or less the middle of the lagoon. Results were about the eliminating any worry about arriving during the wet same as on the outer reef. Near an abandonedsea- JA!,AN, season. The island itself is roughly circular and plane ramp on one offshore island we found num- ,. p.'I about 10 miles in diameter. A barrier reef lies from bers of Conus mannoreus, Cypraea tigris and an , ~\o-/l I one to five miles offshore. as-yet-unidentifiedCerithium species. . ,WAKENORTH PACIFIC 1ip.-/lp.II ~ The lagoons have room for a vast fleet of lar~e . . ships, but they contain many reefs that are barely ". . submerged - an enchanting sight from the ap- 151'°'0'£ proachingairplane or from a hilltop. PONAPE GUAM CAROLINE -. Northern Coast ISLANDS. .' The lagoon shoreline is mostly mangrove . . .. . '. ~MAJURO , . PONAPE '. '.. swamps, but access to the water is possible at a NEW GUINEA ' 'EQUATOR ',. number of points by car. About one third of the Mant ~ - - - - ~. - - - -- island is servedby roads. Most roads are paved with ,Passage material dredged from the lagoon. We were able to collect quite a few shells in the roadways. ,~<::=i! ./;;~\, ; -,\\ ')." the practice elsewhere- each arriving passengeris In the mangrovewe found a number of Cerithium . ,\ """" joined by welcoming relatives, making for very joy- species. The shallow water near shore (reasonably ous confusion. clear except after heavy rains) had Cypraea tigris, "~:~,"C'J).,):Q; C. lynx, C. errones, C. moneta, C. annulus, C. (;' This confusion was somewhat heightenedin our vitellus, C. eglantina and C. caurica. At the time ~;, J j case by the failure of our scuba air tacnksand Bob of our visit (May) Conus magus were busy laying 1of'~\ :5~ Purtymun's dive bag to come off the plane. By the egg massesfor the fut!lre. ~} } V, :x=:=x:= time it has been establishedthat our gear was on its OUr week-long stay at Ponapeinvolved daily boat trips to the outer reefs, where we stayed on the Mn.P3 s 8 way to Truk (at no extra cost), all ground trans- lagoon side. We found the vicinity of Mant Passage portation had left the airport. Anyhow, in the mean- (see map) particularly attractive. The outer reef The inner shore of the island immediateJywest of time we had learned that the hotel where we had there is about a half mile wide and usually covered the seaplaneramp seemedan unlikely place, but we reservationshad closed its doors! by one to five feet of water, in which small sharks made a dive there, anyhow, until the murky water were occasionallyseen. But Ponape is full of friendly people. We were and the prospect of visits by our gray-suitedfriends fin;illy got on our nerves. With our aqualungs,we given a ride into town with our considerablebag- The bottom on the lagoon side drops quickly to 10 to 20 feet with prolific coral, including some continued the search in about three feet of water, gage, while the airline people called around on CB very colorful types we had not seen on other is- which at least let us stand and yell when we found radio (there is no phone system on the island) to lands. The coral was not particularly rich with something! find accommodations.By happy chancethe Village shells, however, but we did find several speciesof Again there were plenty of Conus marmoreus. zigzag oysters (still unidentified) growing on the Wes insists that it was the best area in Ponapefor Hotel had a cancellation.We stayedthere. whip coral and coral heads.Haliotis varia also were cowries. (He found four C. staphylaea, a single C. Equally luckily, the Village Hotel operated the found in this range. hirundo and a C. kieneri, as well as the usual only nongovernmentdive shop on the island. Since annulus, moneta, erosa, errones and tigris.) Ray it also had dive boats for rent, the location was In the sand at the base of the coral, and down the and Bob contendthat the areawas the worst. obviously desirable. slope toward the pure sand area 50 to 90 feet deep, In the sand of Mant Passagewe encounteredwhat must be the largest gardeneel' 'farm" in the world. Eel holes were situated about one foot apart for severalhundred feet, in water ranging from 20 to at least 100 feet. It was fascinating to watch the eels -.. , """' disappear into the sand as we approached, then reappearabout 10 feet behind us as we swam along. Packing another fairly large box with Ponape Charles Samson-Bouret shells, we closed out our venture with a spirited Dealer in WORLD WIDE specimen shells discussionat the airport over whether we had seats .- - Specializing in VOLUTES - COWRIES - on the plane, which has been overbooked out of --- CONES - MUREX. Prompt Service. Truk. We made it, however, and soon were headed . " for Honofulu. IN SEARCH OF SHELL COMMUNICATION In the end, We discoveredthat Ponapehad given Ask for your free price list NOW. us more shell speciesthan we had realized - 28 THE Conus, 20 Cypraea, 17 bivalves, 10 Terebra, 3 AUSTRALIAN P. O. Box 13, Hampton, Vic. 3188 - Australia Cymatium, 4 Strombus, 8 Cerithium and a mixed * GAUGE bag of 27 MitraIVexillum, for a total of 150 species. Page8 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS November. 1980

By TOM RICHERT, M.D. Marginelfa rosea Lamarck is found in two forms Just about anyoneat the beach or on the ocean is along the shores of southern Africa - one type subjectto sunburnand jellyfish-type stings. Usually, twice the size of the other. however, only shellers suffer from a special kind of HMS memberHelene BoSwellof Pretoriatells me sting - that inflicted by cone shells. Let us spenda the warm-water variety is much the larger. It is momentconsidering prevention and treatment. found on the eastern (Indian Ocean) side of South First, cone stings are not limited to the inex- Africa. The smaller form comes from the colder perienced. A moment's carelessnessis all it takes Atlantic waters on the west coast. They are the for anyone to get "zapped." So, never take a cone samespecies. for granted.Treat it with respect! The smaller cold-water form figured on the right While diving or reefcombing, wear a rubber or is from Table Bay, Cape Town, on !:lie Atlantic. plastic-coatedglove. Never place a cone inside your The larger warm-water type was collected near wet suit or swim suit, no matte~what species.They Simonstown, on Paise~ay - only about 30 miles all can sting - althQugh,fortunately, few do. And from Cape Town but facing eastwardon the Indian don't plunge your bare hand into your' 'goody bag" Ocean. if it containsa cone. '.'C c Is water temperaturealone responsiblefor such a Photo: Chapman Cone stings can be very toxic. It isn't only the size difference? infamous geographus, striatus and tulipa. Even Elmer G. Leehman Hawaii's minute C. obscurus packsa real wallop. A Speaki ng of Books good rule of thumb is: Don't trust any cone with CONCHS, TIBIAS, AND HARPS. By Jerry G. extremely variable. tellt markings. Walls. 191 pp. West Neprune, N.J.: T.P.H. Publi- In his introductory section, Walls briefly dis- If you or someonein your party is stung, scrape cations. cussesthe two families, the developmentfrom egg the sting siie with a knife blade or somethingsimilar Reviewed by Olive Schoenberg to remove the' 'dart. " You won't be able to see the to adult, anatomy and physiology. Maps showing Jerry Walls' third shell book. following Cowries the distribution of each species are helpful, even stinger without a lens. You can also suck at the (with Dr. John Taylor) and Cone Shells; a Syno~is though they are rather generalized. wound - or get someoneelse to do it. of the Living Conidae, is a survey of the Strom- The volume is handy size (5th by 9 inches), with Take an antihistamine. Any kind will do - even bidae and Harpidae. It fills a need for anyone who the "cold cures" such as "Contac" or "Corici- a clear vinyf cover on the binding that will resist collects strombs and harps, and should be in the both dirt and salt water. It will be an easy book to din." library of all shell collectors. carry on the reef. The sting site -and possibly your whole arm - Conchs, Tibias, and Harps is the first Conchs, Tibias, and Harps appears to include will be sore for several days, and you may have a comprehensivetreatment of the two families since most of the establishedmembers of those families, numbnessin your fingers for weeks. But unlessyou some of the early sectionsof Ind~Pacific Mollusca but I am told that it does not include some of the are normally allergic to bee stings, or have been ~ nowout of print. most recently described species. My only ac~ual "hit" by one of the known lethal speciesof cone, Walls is a master of organizing his material so complaint is at Walls' use of the word "conch" for you are not in any seriousdanger. that one does not have to searchall over the book, membersof the Strombidae. Actually, conch means Pass the Pills or rum to the index, to find the description of a a shell of any sort; "Stromb" might have been a particular shell. Descriptions are back-to-back with better popular name. Dear HSN: Philadelphia figures. All photos are in color - well reproduced I agree with Dr. Tom Richert on the need for But why quibble? Conchs, Tibias, and Harps is taking precautionary measures against sunburn in almost every instance. Identification of a new a much-neededvolume - a "must" for both be- (HSN Sept. 1980). There is an excellent product shell is easy. ginners and advancedcollectors. called "Sylvasun," made in England, which we and Illustrations include a number of live animals, many others have used with great successin the Caribbean.Two tablets a day, starting a day or two including a front-cover figure of a Strombus vomer before exposurebegins, effectively prevents severe hawaiensis Pilsbry, taken by HMS member Scott <:»ZaL de <:»Zero:>tl1terpri"eb - and even mild - burn. 946 Ralph Avenue. B'ooklyn. Ne., Yo,k 11236 USA Johnson. Rather than showing outstanding speci- Phone , The active ingredientsare vitamin A and calcium carbonate. You could probably get the same mens, Walls has figured "average" shells. And he <;;: has not attempted to show every variant of a spe- ~ amountsof these by eating half a dozen carrots and Mu,ex somestone-ground tortillas daily. cies, while noting that the strombs and harps are phyllopte,us!A~ Unfortunately, this product has not yet been approved by the U.S. Government, and thus is sold only in non-U.S. territories. So, until "Sylvasun" is availablehere, shellers would do best to follow Dr. R;"h,.rt'.., ~ ",tv;",. Jerry Donohue RARE SHELLS of TAIWAN in color by T. C. Lan Professorof Chemistry University of Pennsylvania 63 EXCELLENT color plates of rare shells, malformed shells, coralloid shells, national treasure shell arts and shell postage The editor was happy to receive Donohue's letter, stamps of Taiwan plus 2 color bathygraphic charts. if only as a reminder of earlier days in East Africa where' 'Sylvasun" was available and commonly used. Whether it really preventedbad sunburns,we *Askyoudealer, or send$21.00(sent by registered surface mail) were never sure, but we believed. or $28.00 (sent by registered air mail) to: There was also a widely acceptedrumor that - T. C. Lan, Box 34 - 35, Taipei, Taiwan, for copy. in case you couldn't get to the beach - taking . 'Sylvasun" regularly at the office would give you a heahhytan, anyhow! S.L. November, 1980 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS Page 9

crlelD ~ul..ea SkeU~ <:Pili' £td. A PLUS ONE RABAUL - PO. BOX 1187 - PH 92 . 1018

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Merv Cooper's HOME OF THE ZOlLA GROUP Photos: Schoenberg PERTH SHELL DISTRIBUTORS POBox 186, Mt Hawthorn In her Hawaiian Marine Shells, Dr. E. Alison West Australia. Tel: 328-5768 Kay notes that Tutufa hufo (Roding) - well known List #8 available Send $100 for list PERSONAL ADS Showrooms 157 Bowtor! St, Perth, W Aust throughout the Indo-West Pacific -" is a rare Also sell Murex, Va/uta, Ha/lolus, Conus, etc. deep-waterspecies in the Hawaiian Islands, known For sale - Color slides of living shells. Write for from a unique shell from a depth of 200m." That list. Olive Schoenberg, 3265 Huelani Dr., Hono- lone Hawaiian specimen was dredged alive about KENYACRAFf & SEASHELL GIFfS lulu, Hawaii 96822. 1960 by the researchvessel Pele from a munitions- 600 North La Brea Boulevard dump area south of Hono]ulu. (The military could do such things in those days!) It now is in the P.O. Box 45082, Los Angeles, CA 90045 HARP A COSTATA. Large Gem 84inm, US personalcollection of C. S. Weaver. Retail, Wholesale, Commercial $285. Also disposing of worldwide landshells. Fred In July, ]980, while trapping molluscs for the Specimen Shells Worldwi.de Wagner, 7 StrathdaleSt., Brisbane4034, Australia-. B.P. Bishop Museum of Honolu]u, the crew of tIte Buy, Sell and Exchange / Write for List mOdemresearch vessel Easy Rider Too brought up For Sale - Complete.sets of HSN for 1968 a crabbed specimenof T. hufo from approxinlately through 1976, plus 1974 and 1975 indexes. For sale 35 fathoms near Maro Reef, in the Leeward Ha- waiian Islands. as a package,$75 including postagein U.S. So, it appearsthat the speciescan tentatively be Nancy Parker, 1447 Liholiho St. (Apt. F), Ho- regardedas a residentof Hawaii. S.L. nolulu, HI 96822.

Worldwide cowry collection for sale as a unit, not including Hawaiian species.Detailed evaluation list on request. Jim McDowall, Box 637, Koloa, HI 96756:

Use USN Personal Ads. Three dollars per 25 words, plus name and address. Dealers please use display ads. One time only!

there's n1Oreto our business than just "selling shells" personalized service is also our stock in trade Beginning and advanced collectors are assured of prompt. careful attention to orders and inquiries. Write for free bimonthly lists. All shells graded according to ISGS Standards and are fully guaranteed. the mol1ilOn P. O. Box 15011,Sarasota, FL 33579, ShOp Hours by Appointment Page 10 HAW AllAN SHELL NEWS November, 1980

SHELLS FOR SALE

By ANNE WILSON PRETORIA - After reading the article, "Conus Descriptions Aren't Improving," by Dr. Alan J. Kohn (HSN May 1980), I must ask why - if people are supposedto use names currently accepted under ICZN rules - is there so much confusion on shell names? So many synonyms, name changes, and all that. Is the ICZN an international body? Where is it to be found? And what do the initials standfor? One cannot keep changing the names of his shells, especially if it is a large general collection, as mine is. I have Jerry Walls' Cone Shells. Our rare Conus ---'- ASIA SHELL SHOP Photo: Chapman gradatulus Weinkauff was named C. altispiratus P. O. BOX 59619 TAIPEI Cassis (Phalium) fimbria Gmelin, 1791 is prob- TAIWAN, REPUBLIC OF CHINA Sowerby iii. It would be so much easier if the ably the rarest member of the family. The precise TEL: (02) 3940707 countriesof the world could work togetheron this. habitat is unknown, although live specimens occa- An Editorial of Sorts sionally are washed up on the beaches of Mauritius. Our Business: Specimen shells, Commercial shells, in Responseto Anne Wilson The two figured above measure 3-3/4 and 2-1/2 Shell-craft, Shark teeth & jaw, Coral products. ICZN standsfor the International Commissionon inches respectively. The smaller has its operculum, Zoological Nomenclature.a nongovernmentalgroup but they are without data. E.G.L. with headquartersin London. Scientists of many nations are membersof the commission, which is according to Walls"). supportedfinancially by scientific bodies around the In the same way; a cowry collector may agree world. with Dr. C. M. Burgess (a "lumper') that there is That Ms. Wilson is not alone in her perplexity at only one Cypraea guttata, or he can follow Luigi the frequent changesof shell names(carried out "in Raybaudi Massilia (a "splitter' ') in establishing accordancewith ICZN rules' ') is evidenced by the subspecies (HSN June 1979). Neither author neces- '49-77Fre8hMeadowLane Flu8hing, N.Y. 1136-'5J\ streamof articles, commentsand letters received by sarily has the last word. The collector is free to . TT.S.A « HSN in responseto Associate Editor Elmer Leeh- choose. - - - - - man's criticisms of the way the ICZN rules work in (An important factor, of course, is uncertainty as ;::-- Celebrating a decade in shells the real world. to exactly what defines or separates species.) As HMS members must be aware, Leehman There are dark hints that the present system is proposesthe creation of some new system to regu- being perpetuated by those who offer "rare new late the publication of new speciesnames. Whether species" for profit. Perhaps the only sensible re- ~ s~~~~j~s Specialisingin shells endemicto the WesternAustralia coast plus fine and how this can be done within the ICZN systemis sponse is to ask: How many collectors do I know specimensfrom the rest of Australia and overseas Selling agentsfor uncertain. . who actually have let a dealer sell them a "rare new the Frank Abbottsmith Volute collection Price list free by sea; $2 by species" they didn't want? air. Malacology is only one branch of zoology, and it Box T1738, G.P.O., Perth ro01, W. Australia. has been alleged that other branchesare not suffer- The difficulty with shell names is real, but the ing from the seeming chaos that plagues shell responsibility does not lie exclusively with the ICZN names. To a considerable extent this reflects the system, any more than automobile fatalities are the truly astounding general interest in shells and the consequence of traffic laws- Stuart Lillico vigor of scientistsand laymen alike in exploring the Boards of Review? world of malacology. But if our problem is unique, BRISBANE - The International Commission on it suggeststhat it may be somethingwe have created Zoological Nomenclature should have some sort of for ourselves. infrastructure or authority in each zoological field No one is forced to accept a shell name, old or (entomology, malacology, etc.) to review proposed new. Nor is the mere publication of a new book a new species and subspecies. Ours would be the '" compelling reason for changing name tags in your "Malacological Board of Review," I suppose. It When in ws Angelesvisit collection. In the case of South Africa's Conus should include at least six top malacologists. gradatulus Weinkauff, it was Jerry Walls' opinion Proposed new species would have to be submitted that the shell is merely "the slender non-nodulose to the board for consideration at least one year prior form" of C. altispiratus Sowerby. Ms. Wilson is at to proposed publication. No species which had not liberty to disagree with Walls. The data slip need been passed would be acceptable. This would sort not be changed(although it probably would be help- out proposals that violate the spirit of the ineffective ful to add in pencil, "form of C. altispiratus,~ ICZN rules. Thora Whitehead FINE SHELLS AND FINE ART We do not publish a list but we will answer specific requests for Rare Shells - our spe- cialty. She". " ."o.d,", to HMSISGS 22762 Pacific Coast Highway Malibu, California 90265 Yea Der Enterprise Co., Ltd. P. O. Box 456, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Fine and Rare SpecimenShells Cut mother-of-pearl,Decorative shells, Sharkjaws, Shark teeth and Shell craft. Write for free lists Tel. 2814438 . 2114438 Retail and Wholesale November. 1980 HAWAIIAN SHELL NEWS Page 11

THE OTHER SHELL CLUBS: Florida Societies Get Set for 1981 Shows The Southwest Florida Comchologist Society at Jan. 29, 3O, 31, Feb. I. Greater Miami Shell Fort Myers is sponsoringthe first U.S. shell show Club. of the 1981 season. The club will open its four- Jan. 30, 31, Feb. I. SarasotaShell Club. teenth annual show at the Fort Myers Exhibition Feb. 6, 7, 8. Broward Shell Club (Pompano WEST COAST CURIO CO. Hall on Friday, January 9, to run through Sunday, Beach). 1940 Maple Ave., Costa Mesa, Calif. 92627 January II. Feb. 7, 8 or 14,15. Ft. Myers Shell Club. "'13 miles south ofDisneyland". Longest estab- Show Chairman William Shaw has sent out letters Feb. 13, 14, 15. Palm Beach County Shell Club. lished shell dealer in the U.S.A. More than 3,()()(I to other clubs, inviting membersto participatein the Feb. 20,21,22. Naples Shell Club. species stocked regularly. No lists - No mail. show, as exhibitors or as visitors. Feb. 26, 27, 28. St. PetersburgShell Club. order. Buy or browse - you're always w!"I,."mp.! Dr. R. Tucker Abbott and Mr. and Mrs. Robert March 5, 6, 7,8. Sanibel-CaptivaShell Club. COME IN AND SEE US Wagner will judge the scientific displays. Mrs. End of July or beginning of August. Jacksonville 4:, ~ ---0.- . -.xc;-- - 6J:- ~ Cecelia Abbott, Mrs. Lucia King and Mrs. Sue Shell Club. ~~nff).@@n@{£fi@ff).n /\ Robertson are to judge t~e artistic exhibits. The Potential visitors to Honolulu next year might --- ~1P@@fiff).n~fi@§ Ir judges'dinner will be Thursdayevening, on the eve mark their calendarsto show that the Hawaiian of the opening. Malacological Society has scheduledits 1981 Shell " QUALITY SPECIMENS. EXCELLENT DATA,lS UNBEATABLE PRICES: WRITE FDR 4i' Other Florida shell shows scheduledfor early in Show for the weekendof November 13, 14 and 15 ILLUS. LIST (ISGS GRADING) AND PERSONALIZEDSERVICE. I 1981 include: in the Pacific Ballroom of the llikai Hotel, Waikiki. : GARYA. CIJDVERT 36 PROSPECTAVE. Jan. 16, 17, 18. AstronautTrail Shell Club. AndersonButler is the show committeechairman. , DAYTDN,OOID 45415 ~ ~ ~ .. -=0--- --0- ~ v- DOV PELED ~ 6, Hazalafim St., Haifa, 34-739, Israel Portsmouth to Herm Island I<""'\.,) The original specialist for Red Sea Shells. One of By GRAHAM SAUNDERS Plymouth the largest choices of worldwide shells. Exchange To the average British shell collector Herm Island \ 0 S~ Channel offers for rare and uncommon shells welcomed. is the native counterpart of America's Sanibel. This New 1980 Price List on Request. f.~\!.\\.-'o'~ island really offers the chance to get away from it Guernsey ~ tf/' \ ~.I ~errlJ'S IA',- all. Although in season there is a daily surge of CHANNEL IS . HER~ CherbOurg -\,~ tourists, these usually stray no farther than the gift or:; ~ SHELLSHELTER \ shop and cafe. There are just two vehicles on the '- Jersey WORLD WIDE SHELLS' island, and both are agricultural. ~ I Herm, one of the smaller of the Channel Islands, -y--" can be reached only by boat from Guernsey which V -v~ "T.' "v~Ha~~rBI;d~:F;;II;;t"~;,-CA 92632 'USA" A' TELEPHONE:714-992.1030 does have air and sea links with England and VISIT US - WE'RE UNIQUE Brittany France. There is a single hotel and several self-con- tained cottages which are rentable on a weekly THERSITES basis. I would recommend two or three days at the Post Office Box 32 specimensas they flow past, a better range of col- Burnside.South Australia 5066 hotel and a week in a cottage. One does tend to put SPECIALISTS IN AUSTRALIAN SHELLS on weight quite seriously at the hotel, where the our forms may be obtained by working slowly over AT COMPETITIVE PRICES food has to be experienced to be believed! the whole length of the beach. All these speciesare FREE LISTS Herm is shaped like a wedge of cheese, sloping quite palatable. Venus casina has the best flavour. from sheer cliffs at the southern end to a flat shelf Spisula solida is rather indifferent. DREDGE FOR SHELLS of sandy soil to the north. The central belt contains A spring low tide will exposebeds of shell gravel full of smaller gastropodsand bivalves. In algae- DOWN TO;; 2,OOO;;fEET;; various buildings and a farm with scattered eucalyp-

from the;IANtTHcfNA\;&J ;;; ;; VII tus forests. The tidal rise and fall is impressive, covered gravel, one may find colourful Gibulla ;Coatt..i~_..*dtSkiP~ef; exposing sheer cliffs and areas of rock, mud, zost- magus. Nearby, but on rocks, you can find Callios- toma zizYphinum, but these are not such attractive P. O. BOX 261-1559 era, gravel and sand. On the northeastern quarter of the island, sand is specimens as those from Havoilet Bay over the building and now forms probably 20 per cent of the water in Guernsey. Haliotis sp. are usually found ~ -~a.i/.~11 _'JreQ.iure.i island's land mass. At high tide, it absorbs sea under bouldersat more than four feet below the best F"t..~~ ~~ POBOX 730 ~ water like a sponge, releasing it as the tide falls. At minus tides, and are heavily depleted by the locals ~0 0 OA:HURST,.C~LlFORNIA 93644 USA low tide, the lower shore is covered with sweeping for culinary purposes. Closed seasonsare imposed when the populationdrops below a certain level. WO,.tJ UhJe ani I

NEWS OF NEW SPECIES: maximum (Wisconsin) glaciation. More recent studies,however, have suggestedthat during the last Hawaii's Ancient Cone Finally Has A Name (Wisconsin) glacial maximum (about 18,000 years ago) August sea surface temperaturesin the vicinity of Hawaii were only about 2° C lower than at present. Intertidal animals, subject to lower air temperaturesduring winter low tides, might have suc- cumbed to such temperaturechanges during a time of maximum glaciation and becomeextinct, but the gastropodsthat Kosuge (1969) listed as now extinct in Hawaii are primarily subtidal species. Kosuge also listed five gastropodspecies endemic to Hawaii that occur here both living and as Pleis- tocene fossils. Conus kahiko does not fit this cate- gory either. Dr. Kohn concludes that it probably speciatedin Hawaii, perhapsdifferentiating from an early propaguleof C. chaldaeus, thrived during the last interglaciation, and subsequently became extinct. Conus kahiko is thus the only marine gas- tropod species thus far identified that is both endemic to Hawaii and extinct there. As always, some questions remain unanswered, of course. What actually causedC. kahiko to become extinct? And why the remarkable state of preservationwhen all the other fossil shells from the same formation are bleached, chalky, and eroded? Photos: Carlson The answer to this one could be very useful to By WM. BRUCE WELLS presentshell collectors. cies," some 2112columns explain why C. kahiko is My own observationsat Mokapu Point strongly A mysterious, long-neglected and now extinct truly different and distinct. Kohn states that al- suggestthat C. kahiko was present and thriving at though lens Ostergaard(1928, 1939)reported on 62 member of the Conidae finally has been given a the time of the eruption and formation of Ulupau spel;iesof fossil gastropodsfrom Oahu (Honolulu) Crater, on the northeasterntip of Mokapu Peninsula. valid name and status appropriateto its position as and an additional 25 speciesfrom Maui and Molo- Whether any members of the speciessurvived this an endemicHawaiian species.The step completesa kai, he did not refer to the subject cone. No speci- event is open to question. In any case, live animals mens are presentamong fossil material he deposited processthat has been going on for at least 50 years apparentlydid not persist to any appreciabledegree in the Bishop Museum in Honolulu. later than about 120,000years ago. (USN July 1978). H.C. Alexander collected specimensin the 1930s, No shallow-water mollusc, of course, could be Dr. Alan Kohn, professor of zoology at the Uni- however, including the only previously catalogued expectedto survive a drop in the sea level of more versity of Washington (Seattle). a long-time HMS museumspecimen to Dr. Kohn's knowledge. It is in than 300 feet, which is what occurred during the the Bishop as "Conus alexanderi Bart. Coil. by member and certainly one of the world's leading earth's last period of glaciation. Could the popula- H.C. Alexander, gift from H.C. Alexander, Oahu, tion have migrated seaward as the sea gradually experts in the Conidae. formally named and de- Mokapu, ParatypeI." fell? The answer, if there is one, must lie in the scribedConus kahiko in the Journal of Paleontol- "This suggeststhat Paul Bartsch, who undertook offshore sediments. a study of Hawaiian marine mollusks at the U.S. ogy, Vol. 54. No.3, May 1980. And why did Conus kahiko occupy such a re- National Museum in 1936 (Rehder, 1973) intended stricted habitat in the first place?Ah, there's a good Kahiko, in the Hawaiian language, means an- to publish a description," Kobo writes. However, question. cient, the remote past, or a very old person. In be never did (Ruhoff, 1973), the name attributed to him is a nomen nudum, and no specimensstudied addition, it carries the connotationof ornamentedor bv Bartsch are in the USNM. " dressedin fine clothers. Kosuge illustrated the species in 1969 in the "The word thus appropriately describesthe only Bulletin of the Natural Science Museum in To- .] extinct, endemic Hawaiian species. of Conus, a kyo, but identified it as C. chaldaeus (Roding). shell with a richly ornamentedcolor pattern," wrote Most known specimensof the new specieswere collected from the so-called Waimanalo Formation The HMS Board of Directors at its October meet- Dr. Kohn. on the windward (eastern)side of Mokapu Peninsula, ing voted an increase in advertising rates for Ha. Although known for half a century or longer, this Kaneohe,Honol\!lu. Measurementsby severalinves- shell has never enjoyed the privileges and conveni- tigators using radiogenic methods on corals, coral waiian SheD News, equal to approximately 20 per ence of an internationally acceptedvalid name. Dr. limestone and shell material (species unspecified) cent acrossthe board. from the Waimanalo Formation establishthe age of Display space will cost $18 per column-inch per Kohn has performed remarkable(and laborious) de- the eight-meter Waimanalo ancient shoreline at tective work in delving into the confused ramifica- 122,000:t 7,000 years before the present - issue, effective with the January 1981 issue. It has tions of its taxonomic history. contemporaneouswith the last (Sangamon) inter- been $15 since the mid-1970s. Discount rates for six But why the lengthy hiatus since 1975, when it glacial transgression.Kohn describesseveral lines of or 12 insertionsper year will go up proportionately. evidence to support the hypothesis that C. kahiko was rediscovered, before validation as a distinct A revised scheduleto replace the present ad card liv~ cW~fly..on,j)1,twi~ I>t}I\l;hes. species?For the answer, the reader is referred to will be available early in November from the Dr. Kohn's classic article, "Conus Descriptions Kobo has concludedfrom his study that all previ- Aren't Improving" in USN May, 1980. This should ously described Hawaiian fossil gastropodsbelong CorrespondingSecretary , be required reading for all malacologists, amateur to extant species. Of the 162 species listed by The Directors agreed that the present rates will Kosugein the most recent review of Hawaiian fossil and professionalalike. remain in effect for all 1981 advertising for which Dr. Kohn explained that a good description must molluscs (1969), eight no longer are found living in distinguish a proposednew species from ALL pre- Hawaii, but they occur commonly in more central paymentis receivedby 31 December1980. viously described species in the genus. For C. parts of the Indo-West Pacific. Kosuge also listed kahiko, he has done his best to do just that. and six species that now occur rarely in Hawaii, but very successfully,in my judgement. The whole arti- rather commonly in the Indo-West Pacific. As cle occupies 7'h pages, including 30 references, Kosuge pointed out the fact that these 14 species FOR SALE characteristically occur where sea temperature is with the systematicpaleontology and description of SpecimenShells, Shell Craft of all kinds, shell jewelry, the speciescomprising the major part of the content. higher than in Hawaii suggeststhat Hawaiian sea sawfish bills, shark jaws and teeth, carved shells, coral I can only attempt to summarizethe high points of temperatureswere higher when they occurredthere. necklaces,carved jade, butterflies, pig tusks, tortoise craft, the article here. Several independent investigations signify that born, agateand hardwoodnovelties. Satisfactionguaranteed. The description alone, which includes detailed maximum temperaturesduring the SangamonInter- CHAIN YU ENTERPRISES CO., LTD. morphometric data, occupies three columns. Under glaciation were 0.5-10 C higher than at present, and (Chien Chih Chen, Pres.) P. O. Box 5.56 the subheading, "Differentiation from similar spe- 5-60 C lower than at present during the subsequent Kaohsiung800, Taiwan R.O.C.