Barrel Cortex
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A Mutant with Bilateral Whisker to Barrel Inputs Unveils
RESEARCH ARTICLE A mutant with bilateral whisker to barrel inputs unveils somatosensory mapping rules in the cerebral cortex Nicolas Renier1*†, Chloe´ Dominici1, Reha S Erzurumlu2, Claudius F Kratochwil3‡, Filippo M Rijli3,4, Patricia Gaspar5, Alain Che´ dotal1* 1Sorbonne Universite´s, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; 2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; 3Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; 4University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; 5INSERM, Institut du Fer a` Moulin, Paris, France Abstract In mammals, tactile information is mapped topographically onto the contralateral side of the brain in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). In this study, we describe Robo3 mouse mutants in which a sizeable fraction of the trigemino-thalamic inputs project ipsilaterally rather than contralaterally. The resulting mixture of crossed and uncrossed sensory inputs creates bilateral *For correspondence: nicolas. whisker maps in the thalamus and cortex. Surprisingly, these maps are segregated resulting in [email protected] (NR); duplication of whisker representations and doubling of the number of barrels without changes in [email protected] (AC) the size of S1. Sensory deprivation shows competitive interactions between the ipsi/contralateral Present address: † ICM Institute whisker maps. This study reveals that the somatosensory system can form a somatotopic map to for Brain and Spinal Cord, integrate bilateral sensory inputs, but organizes the maps in a different way from that in the visual Hoˆpital Pitie´Salpeˆtrie`re, Paris, or auditory systems. Therefore, while molecular pre-patterning constrains their orientation and France; ‡Chair in Zoology and position, preservation of the continuity of inputs defines the layout of the somatosensory maps. -
Mapping Somatosensory Connectivity in Adult Mice Using Diffusion MRI Tractography and Super-Resolution Track Density Imaging
Title: Mapping somatosensory connectivity in adult mice using diffusion MRI tractography and super-resolution track density imaging. Author names: Kay Richards1, Fernando Calamante1,2,3, Jacques-Donald Tournier1,2,†, Nyoman D. Kurniawan4, Farnoosh Sadeghian1, Alexander R. Retchford1, Gabriel Davis Jones1, Christopher A. Reid1, David C. Reutens4, Roger Ordidge5, Alan Connelly1,2,3# and Steven Petrou1,6,7,8*# * Indicates corresponding author: [email protected], # Indicates authors contributed equally Affiliations: 1 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 2 Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3 Department of Medicine, Austin Health and Northern Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 4 Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 5 Melbourne Brain Imaging Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 6 Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 7 Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. 8ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrated Brain Function, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. † Current address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London UK Highlights: Stereotypical pattern of somatosensory relay locations -
Continuity Within Somatosensory Cortical Map Shapes the Integration of Optogenetic Input
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.26.437211; this version posted March 28, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Title Continuity within somatosensory cortical map shapes the integration of optogenetic input Short title Rolling the barrels Authors H. Lassagne,1 D. Goueytes,1 D.E Shulz,1 L. Estebanez,1† and V. Ego-Stengel,1†* Affiliations 1Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally. Abstract The topographic organization of sensory cortices is a prominent feature, but its functional role remains unclear. Particularly, how activity is integrated within a cortical area depending on its topography is unknown. Here, we trained mice expressing channelrhodopsin in cortical excitatory neurons to track a bar photostimulation that rotated smoothly over the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). When photostimulation was aimed at vS1, the area which contains a contiguous representation of the whisker array at the periphery, mice could learn to discriminate angular positions of the bar to obtain a reward. In contrast, they could not learn the task when the photostimulation was aimed at the representation of the trunk and legs in S1, where neighboring zones represent distant peripheral body parts, introducing discontinuities. Mice demonstrated anticipation of reward availability, specifically when cortical topography enabled to predict future sensory activation. -
The Consistericy, Extent, and Locations of Early-Onset Changes in Cortical Nerve Dominance Aggregates Following Injury of Nerves to Primate Hands
The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1994, 14(7): 4269-4288 The Consistericy, Extent, and Locations of Early-Onset Changes in Cortical Nerve Dominance Aggregates Following Injury of Nerves to Primate Hands Russ C. Kolarik, Sandra K. Rasey, and John T. Wall Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43699 The somatosensory cortex of primates contains patch- and 1988, 1990; Wall, 1988; Wall et al., 1990; Kaas, 1991). A major bandlike aggregates of neurons that are dominantly acti- characteristic of this reorganization is that representations of vated by cutaneous inputs from the radial, median, and ulnar parts of the hand with intact innervation expand, in a somewhat nerves to the hand. In the present study, the area 3b hand idiosyncratic manner in different individuals, to occupy larger- cortex of adult monkeys was mapped immediately before than-normal cortical spaces. and after combined median and ulnar nerve transection to Becausethese findings emergedfrom a perspective that cor- evaluate the consistency, extent, and location of early post- tical organization of adult primates was not modifiable, inves- injury alterations in the deprived median and ulnar nerve tigators have usually attempted to maximize reorganization by cortical bands. Several alterations were observed acutely allowing considerabletime to elapseafter injury. Consequently, after injury. (1) The patchlike cortical aggregates of intact observations pertaining to changeswithin the first few minutes radial nerve inputs from the hand underwent a two- to three- to hours after injury are quite limited (seeDiscussion). The most fold expansion. This expansion was not related to peripheral pertinent data come from monkeys that had undergone acute changes in the radial nerve skin territory, but was due to transection ofthe median nerve (Merzenich et al., 1983b). -
An Increase in Dendritic Plateau Potentials Is Associated with Experience-Dependent Cortical Map Reorganization
An increase in dendritic plateau potentials is associated with experience-dependent cortical map reorganization Stéphane Pagèsa,1, Nicolas Chenouardb,1, Ronan Chéreaua, Vladimir Kouskoffb, Frédéric Gambinob,2,3, and Anthony Holtmaata,2,3 aDepartment of Basic Neurosciences and the Center for Neuroscience, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; and bUniversity of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France Edited by Roberto Malinow, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, and approved January 15, 2021 (received for review December 11, 2020) The organization of sensory maps in the cerebral cortex depends the thalamus (22). The paralemniscal pathway provides a com- on experience, which drives homeostatic and long-term synaptic plementary and nonoverlapping source of inputs mainly termi- plasticity of cortico-cortical circuits. In the mouse primary somato- nating in L5a and L1 that arise from the higher-order posterior sensory cortex (S1) afferents from the higher-order, posterior me- medial thalamic nucleus (POm) of the thalamus. While the VPM dial thalamic nucleus (POm) gate synaptic plasticity in layer (L) 2/3 is viewed as the main hub for whisker tactile information to S1, pyramidal neurons via disinhibition and the production of den- the exact function of the POm in this cortical area remains un- dritic plateau potentials. Here we address whether these thalamo- clear (24, 25). Neurons in the POm have broad receptive fields cortically mediated responses play a role in whisker map plasticity in (26, 27), and their axons have extensive arborizations in S1, S1. We find that trimming all but two whiskers causes a partial fusion distributed over multiple barrel-related columns (22, 28, 29). -
The Barrel Cortex—Integrating Molecular, Cellular and Systems Physiology
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol (2003) 447: 126–134 DOI 10.1007/s00424-003-1167-z INVITED REVIEW Carl C. H. Petersen The barrel cortex—integrating molecular, cellular and systems physiology Received: 18 July 2003 / Accepted: 5 August 2003 / Published online: 19 September 2003 # Springer-Verlag 2003 Abstract A challenge for neurobiology is to integrate Behavioural analysis of whisker sensation information across many levels of research, ranging from behaviour and neuronal networks to cells and molecules. Rodents are nocturnal animals often living underground in The rodent whisker signalling pathway to the primary tunnels. Under many natural circumstances they must somatosensory neocortex with its remarkable somatotopic gather information concerning their surroundings without barrel map is emerging as a key system for such use of vision. It is presumably for this reason that rodents integrative studies. have evolved a highly sensitive array of whiskers on their snouts (Fig. 1A). These vibrissae are thin flexible hairs Keywords Neocortex . Somatosensory cortex . and their base is surrounded by sensory nerve endings that Whiskers . Behaviour . Plasticity . Neuronal networks . detect whisker motion. The whiskers are arranged in a Sensory response . Synaptic mechanisms highly stereotypical pattern allowing the identification of individual whiskers (Fig. 1B). The most posterior of these whiskers protrude a few centimetres from the snout, whilst Introduction anteriorly, around the lips, they are only a few millimetres long. The different whiskers most probably serve different The aim of modern integrative neurophysiology is to functions, with the short anterior vibrissae gathering understand the neural basis of behaviour at the neuronal primarily textural information from an object located network, the cellular and the molecular level. -
Barrel Cortex Function
Progress in Neurobiology 103 (2013) 3–27 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Progress in Neurobiology jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pneurobio Barrel cortex function a,b,c d e f g,h Dirk Feldmeyer , Michael Brecht , Fritjof Helmchen , Carl C.H. Petersen , James F.A. Poulet , i j k,l, Jochen F. Staiger , Heiko J. Luhmann , Cornelius Schwarz * a Forschungszentrum Ju¨lich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-2, D-52425 Ju¨lich, Germany b RWTH Aachen University, Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, D-52074 Aachen, Germany c JARA – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany d Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Humboldt University Berlin, Philippstr. 13, D-10115 Berlin, Germany e Department of Neurophysiology, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland f Laboratory of Sensory Processing, Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland g Max-Delbru¨ck-Centrum fu¨r Molekulare Medizin (MDC), Robert-Ro¨ssle-Str. 10, Berlin, Germany h Neuroscience Research Center and Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charite´-Universita¨tsmedizin, D-13092 Berlin, Germany i Department of Neuroanatomy, Center for Anatomy, Georg-August-University Go¨ttingen, Kreuzbergring 36, D-37075 Go¨ttingen, Germany j Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany k Systems Neurophysiology, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University, D-72070 Tu¨bingen, Germany l Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard Karls University, D-72070 Tu¨bingen, Germany A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Neocortex, the neuronal structure at the base of the remarkable cognitive skills of mammals, is a layered Received 22 December 2011 sheet of neuronal tissue composed of juxtaposed and interconnected columns. -
The Barrel Cortex As a Model to Study Dynamic Neuroglial Interaction
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC The barrel cortex as a model to study dynamic neuroglial interaction Christian Giaume1*, Miguel Maravall2, Egbert Welker3 and Gilles Bonvento4 1 Inserm U840, Collège de France, Paris, France 2 Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante UMH-CSIC, 03550 Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain 3 DBCM, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland 4 CEA, Orsay, France * Correspondance: Dr Christian Giaume INSERM U840, Collège de France 11 place Marcelin Berthelot 75005 Paris, France Tel: 33 1 44 27 12 22 Fax: 33 1 44 27 12 68 Email: [email protected] Short title: Neuroglial interaction in the barrel cortex Key words: somatosensory cortex, astrocytes, glial cells Abstract words account: 146 Text words account: 5966 Number of figures: 9 1 Abstract: There is increasing evidence that glial cells, in particular astrocytes, interact dynamically with neurons. The well-known anatomo-functional organization of neurons in the barrel cortex offers a suitable and promising model to study such neuroglial interaction. This review summarizes and discusses recent in vitro as well as in vivo work demonstrating that astrocytes receive, integrate and respond to neuronal signals. In addition, they are active elements of brain metabolism and exhibit a certain degree of plasticity that affects neuronal activity. Altogether these findings indicate that the barrel cortex presents glial compartments overlapping and interacting with neuronal compartments and that these properties help define barrels as functional and independent units. Finally, this review outlines how the use of the barrel cortex as a model might in the future help to address important questions related to dynamic neuroglia interaction. -
Development and Plasticity of Cortical Areas and Networks
REVIEWS DEVELOPMENT AND PLASTICITY OF CORTICAL AREAS AND NETWORKS Mriganka Sur and Catherine A. Leamey The development of cortical layers, areas and networks is mediated by a combination of factors that are present in the cortex and are influenced by thalamic input. Electrical activity of thalamocortical afferents has a progressive role in shaping cortex. For early thalamic innervation and patterning, the presence of activity might be sufficient; for features that develop later, such as intracortical networks that mediate emergent responses of cortex, the spatiotemporal pattern of activity often has an instructive role. Experiments that route projections from the retina to the auditory pathway alter the pattern of activity in auditory thalamocortical afferents at a very early stage and reveal the progressive influence of activity on cortical development. Thus, cortical features such as layers and thalamocortical innervation are unaffected, whereas features that develop later, such as intracortical connections, are affected significantly. Surprisingly, the behavioural role of ‘rewired’ cortex is also influenced profoundly, indicating the importance of patterned activity for this key aspect of cortical function. The mammalian neocortex, a folded sheet that in ronment, and the environment always needs a scaffold humans contains over 10 billion neurons, is the seat of on which to act. our highest sensory, motor and cognitive abilities. Much discussion has focused on whether there is Understanding how it develops and how it changes is detailed specification of cortical areas by genes and central to our understanding of brain function and is molecules that are expressed early in the ventricular crucial to the development of treatments for neuro- zone in a manner that recapitulates cortical parcellation logical disease. -
Neuronal Activity Patterns in the Developing Barrel Cortex Heiko Luhmann, Rustem Khazipov
Neuronal Activity Patterns in the Developing Barrel Cortex Heiko Luhmann, Rustem Khazipov To cite this version: Heiko Luhmann, Rustem Khazipov. Neuronal Activity Patterns in the Developing Barrel Cor- tex. Neuroscience, Elsevier - International Brain Research Organization, 2018, 368, pp.256-267. 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.025. hal-01963813 HAL Id: hal-01963813 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01963813 Submitted on 21 Dec 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Neuroscience 368 (2018) 256–267 NEURONAL ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN THE DEVELOPING BARREL CORTEX HEIKO J. LUHMANN a* AND RUSTEM KHAZIPOV b,c INTRODUCTION a Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the It is well accepted that electrical activity plays a very Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany important role in the developing brain. During so-called critical periods brain regions processing sensory b INMED – INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13273, France information (specific brainstem and thalamic nuclei, sensory neocortical areas) undergo substantial c Laboratory of Neurobiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia structural and functional modifications based on the electrical activity arising from the sensory periphery (for review Erzurumlu and Gaspar, 2012; Espinosa and Abstract—The developing barrel cortex reveals a rich reper- Stryker, 2012; Kral, 2013). -
Cellular Diversity of the Somatosensory Cortical Map Plasticity
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/201293; this version posted November 22, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Cellular diversity of the somatosensory cortical map plasticity Koen Kole1,2, Wim Scheenen1, Paul Tiesinga2, Tansu Celikel1 (1) Department of Neurophysiology, (2) Department of Neuroinformatics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen - the Netherlands Correspondence should be addressed to Koen Kole at [email protected] Keywords: Sensory deprivation, sensory enrichment, mRNA, protein, synaptoneurosome, experience dependent plasticity, barrel cortex, rodents, brain disorders, neurovascularization, cerebral vasculature Abstract Sensory maps are representations of the sensory epithelia in the brain. Despite the intuitive explanatory power behind sensory maps as being neuronal precursors to sensory perception, and sensory cortical plasticity as a neural correlate of perceptual learning, molecular mechanisms that regulate map plasticity are not well understood. Here we perform a meta-analysis of transcriptional and translational changes during altered whisker use to nominate the major molecular correlates of experience-dependent map plasticity in the barrel cortex. We argue that brain plasticity is a systems level response, involving all cell classes, from neuron and glia to non-neuronal cells including endothelia. Using molecular pathway analysis, we further propose a gene regulatory network that could couple activity dependent changes in neurons to adaptive changes in neurovasculature, and finally we show that transcriptional regulations observed in major brain disorders target genes that are modulated by altered sensory experience. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity of sensory maps might help to unravel the cellular events that shape brain plasticity in health and disease. -
Impact of Somatosensory Training on Neural and Functional Recovery of Lower Extremity in Patients with Chronic Stroke: a Single Blind Controlled Randomized Trial
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Impact of Somatosensory Training on Neural and Functional Recovery of Lower Extremity in Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Single Blind Controlled Randomized Trial Reem M. Alwhaibi 1 , Noha F. Mahmoud 1 , Mye A. Basheer 2, Hoda M. Zakaria 3, Mahmoud Y. Elzanaty 3,4 , Walaa M. Ragab 3,5, Nisreen N. Al Awaji 6 and Hager R. Elserougy 7,* 1 Rehabilitation Sciences Department, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences College, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (R.M.A.); [email protected] (N.F.M.) 2 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt; [email protected] 3 Department of Neuromuscular Disorders and Its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt; [email protected] (H.M.Z.); [email protected] (M.Y.E.); [email protected] (W.M.R.) 4 Department of Neuromuscular Disorders and Its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Deraya University, New Menya 11159, Egypt 5 Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia 6 Health Communication Sciences Department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences College, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 7 Department of Neuromuscular Disorders and Its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 77, Egypt Citation: M. Alwhaibi, R.; * Correspondence: [email protected] Mahmoud, N.F.; Basheer, M.A.; M. Zakaria, H.; Elzanaty, M.Y.; Ragab, Abstract: Recovery of lower extremity (LE) function in chronic stroke patients is considered a barrier W.M.; Al Awaji, N.N.; R.