NICHOLSON CEMETERY and ITS PRECINCTS Landscape and Pedestrian Connections Ward Number 77

CITY LEVEL PROJECTS

NICHOLSON CEMETERY AND ITS PRECINCTS Landscape and Pedestrian Connections Ward Number 77

Nikhil Pandey (3D Visulizer) Monika Soota(3D Visulizer) Kawale Kirti Consultants Mohammad Shaheer Senior Consultant Sagar,Siddharth InduRawat, NihalChand Secretary Rajeev KumarGaur, Singh, Raghvendra Amit Mukherji, V. K.Tyagi, UmaBhati, NishiSachdeva, Manju Anjali, Member DUAC Member Member& Addl. Secretary, ofUrbanDevelopment Ministry Member Vinod Kumar Shanker Mishra Durga Sonali Rastogi Samir Mathur Chairman Sonali Bhagwati Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao Delhi Urban ArtCommission Staf (An ISO9001: Organisation) 2008 Certiied

Preface

DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION with gratitude duly acknowledges the valuable contributions of the following in making this report:

Raj Rewal Former Chairman, DUAC The city of Delhi, capital of this vast land of diversities, is a city laden with layers of history, Satish Khanna Former Member, DUAC Eric P. Mall Former Member, DUAC a place where civilizations have lived, prospered and perished over centuries. The modern D. Diptivilasa Former Member DUAC & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development city today, built over and around a rich tapestry of heritage, presents an opportunity at every turn, to allow for co-existence of the past, present and the future. In order to understand this multidimensional urban spectrum and attempt to plan the future, various Organisations/Others city level studies have been initiated by the DUAC. I hope that these studies will help Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India the planners of modern day Delhi to carefully articulate urban space, structure, form and Delhi Development Authority environment and sensitively address future requirements. Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi I convey my thanks to all the Consultants and Members of the Commission who have North Delhi Municipal Corporation tirelessly worked on this research project to bring out this document. I also take this East Delhi Municipal Corporation opportunity to place on record my sincere appreciation of the efforts of Secretary and South Delhi Municipal Corporation other staff of DUAC for providing the necessary administrative support to make this New Delhi Municipal Council happen. Geospatial Delhi Limited I fondly hope that the authorities of the local, state and national government take these Delhi Metro Rail Corporation studies seriously and implement, in right earnest, the suggestions given herein. Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board BSES Rajdhani Power Limited March, 2015 Sd/- BSES Yamuna Power Limited Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao RWA Chairman, DUAC Contents Summary 1 Introduction 6 The design proposal demonstrates how historically signiicant places can be eficiently made part of the pedestrian system along with the transit nodes as the potential 2 Historical Signiﬁcance 8 generators of the people on foot. The presence of transit nodes and heritage monuments 2.1 Early Mughal Period, Late Mughal Period, Delhi 1857 8 and historical gardens gives opportunity to bring back this lost legacy into public life for the 2.2 Delhi – Early 19th Century and Post-Independence 10 greater beneit of society.

3 Context 12 We have used this site to demonstrate how historically signiicant places can be part of 3.1 Zonal Plan ‘C’ 12 existing and proposed developments with provision of proper pedestrian spaces and 3.2 Ward Boundaries, Location and Connectivity 13 open green spaces, abutting transport interchanges. Articulating the pedestrian needs with appropriate pedestrian widths, auxiliary amenities for the pedestrian walks, the design 4 Mapping and Site Analysis 14 proposal authenticates these essential urban spaces as anchors, making them dynamic, 4.1 Topography 14 useful and attractive to people. 4.2 Open Space System 15 4.3 Heritage 16 4.4 Site 17 4.5 Movement around the Site 18 4.6 Development around the Site 21 4.7 Existing Vegetation 22 4.8 Heritage Monuments 24 4.9 New Proposals 25 4.10 Nicholson Cemetery 26 4.11 Conclusion 30

5 Design Proposal 32 5.1 Schematic Plan: Potentials 32 5.2 Landscape Strategy 34 5.3 Design Concept 36 5.4 Design Development 37 5.5 Site Plan 40 5.5.1 Metro Entrance Plaza 42 5.5.2 Shops 43 5.5.3 Island Plaza 44 5.5.4 Para-Transit Bay 45 5.5.5 Food Plaza 46 5.5.6 Tree Plaza 48 5.5.7 Metro Walkway 50 5.5.8 Nicholson Cemetery 52 5.5.9 Aerial View 56

6 Annexures 58 6.1 AMASR Act 58 6.2 Brigadier John Nicholson 59 6.3 Heritage Inventory 60 6.4 Physical Characteristics of Pedestrian 62 6.5 Spatial Standards 64 6 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION CITY LEVEL PROJECT within theirown records. orphotography,surveys andalsomaking available thatmay information exist any historical initiative, inmakingthesiteavailable ofallhelpandcooperation for givinganassurance oftheDCCexpressedtheirappreciationDUAC andSecretary The Chairman infrastructure. documentation togetherwithproposalsfor improvements and toitsphysical appearance would beacomprehensivethe scopeofproposedwork andsystematichistorical havecenturies found theirinalrestingplacehere; therefore, itwould beappropriate that events over historical thelasttwo associated withimportant Many signiicantpersonalities institutions. oracademic somemeansofinitiatingresearchthroughyoung scholars been considering iseitherknown ordocumented, littleofthehistory and thattheCommitteehas very Delhi cemeteries. signiicance, Henotedthatdespitebeingaplaceofimmensehistorical DCC, MrEugeneRatnam,The Secretary andfunctioningofthe outlinedtheadministration andproposal. sought whilstdeveloping adesignbrief Committeewouldrepresentatives beactively oftheDelhiCemeteries andconsistently outside theNicholsonCemetery. that theadviceandcommentsof Itwasunderstood environmental improvements andlandscapeproposalsfor theareawithin andimmediately CommissionwasexplainedtoDCCwithregardthe The roleoftheDelhiUrban Art Methodology: Mr EugeneRatnam, andChairman, FatherJRebello. DUAC Committee’s consultantsasrepresentatives andDelhiCemeteries Secretary be bestaccomplished. thescopeandpossibilitieswith A meetingwasheldtounderstand Committee(DCC)whichlooksafterthecemetery,Cemeteries toexplore how thiscould In thisregard, oftheDelhi authorities jointly withtheconcerned theCommissionworked its history, onitssanctityasacemetery. withoutinfringing conceptual level, to whichwould beinkeeping withtheintentionofgivingdueimportance ata anditssurroundings suggest environmental improvements for NicholsonCemetery since the19thcentury. The Commissionfelt thatitwould beable tooffer adviceand ofDelhi openspaceassociatedwiththehistory isaheritage Nicholson Cemetery of theLandscapeProjectinPhaseIICityLevel Projects. anditsprecinctsaspart CommissiontookupNicholsonCemetery The DelhiUrban Art 1. Introduction

systems etc., were alsostudied. developments, movement patterns, monuments, heritage andopenspace topography the study. thatincludedtheexistingandproposed aroundthecemetery The sitesurveys bookswere sourceslike studiedtostrengthen various maps available fromsecondary mapsavailableThe historical withthe ofIndia(ASI)aswell as Archaeological Survey Approach: for theproject. thus givingthedesignbrief methodology for projectinitiation. signiicanceofthesiteplays avitalrole,The historical ofthe Involving and theirpointsofviewfor theprojectwasasigniicantpart stakeholders her roleinguidingtheresearch, wasavaluable resource. DUAC memberDrNarayaniGupta. Heradviceondocumentationandhistory, aswell as ofthisproject,understanding itwassoughttoinvolve andformer eminentDelhihistorian oftheplace.any proposalsorsuggestionsmust have Forbetter abasisinthehistory project, conservation aheritage anditsprecinctsform Since NicholsonCemetery NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS

7 INTRODUCTION 8 HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE CITY LEVEL PROJECT hadlittledevelopment. northwest outside thewalledcitytowards the in1720.severe earthquake damagedby a and hadbeenseriously walls were completed, never properly cityofIndia.being animperial Mughal 1806 therewasnopretenceofDelhi reconstructed. From1803oratleast this timeKashmereGatewasalso after theattackby theMarathas. At Government.and 1811by theBritish between 1804 side were constructed ofthecitywallsonnorth portion in1803.by theBritish The longest was taken over fromtheMarathas city wasbatteredbut notruined, and ofcivilwarandinvasion.ravages The 1803, Shahjahanabadhadwithstood conquestin theBritish During Late MughalPeriod established. after itwasfairly ive tosixyears inhabited for nearly almost nohabitation The palacewas walled cityofShahjahanabad, with was anopenspacejustoutsidethe site whichliesbesidesQudsiaBagh family ofEmperorShahJahan. The ofthe were erectedby members nobles andsomepublic buildings city walls, JamaMasjid, palacesofthe built between 1638and1648. The of amonarch. The Royal Palace was summer wasunitfor theresidence to whichthecitywasexposedduring allegingthattheexcessive heat Agra Shah Jahanshiftedhiscapitalfrom Early MughalPeriod 2.1 Early Mughal Period, Late Mughal Period, Delhi1857 The siteareawhichisjust Source: Source: Survey ofIndia Survey www.columbia.edu SHAHJAHANABAD Delhi 1857 the breach. Customs, only 200yards distantfrom behindtheOld was constructed for No. IIISiegeBattery, which site areawasoneofthelocations Qudsia Baghwhichisadjacenttothe tobreach Kashmerebastion.Battery Ludlow CastlewassiteofNo. II Siege assault ledonShahjahanabad. Near withrespecttothe important initsBengalPresidency.itself raised of the whichthecompanyArmy had by thesepoysuprising oftheunits by themass essentially itwassparked India, but through much ofNorthern East IndiaCompany waswidespread oftheBritish against theauthority Rebellion of1857. The rebellion most decisive conlicts oftheIndian The SiegeofDelhiwasonethe capture Delhi. them tobesiegeandultimately Company. allowed victory The British EastIndia rebelled againsttheBritish defeated aforce ofsepoys whohad events. force andGurkha A British ofthe inIndianhistories termed Independence asithassincebeen of 1857, ortheFirst War ofIndian intheIndianRebellion fought early days later. three The cityofDelhisurrendered also gave thebattleitslocalname. River fromHumayun’s Tomb, which Patparganj, acrossthe right Yamuna Sardar. The battlewasfought at LouisBourquinand General Wable ofScindia’sMarathas under army Lake,troops underGeneral andthe 11 September1803between British The BattleofDelhitookplaceon The areaaroundthesitewas was The BattleofBadli-ki-Serai Source: Source: National Archives ofIndia www.columbia.edu NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS

9 HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE 10 HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE CITY LEVEL PROJECT Park. Agrasen Maharaja in1860swhichisnow called British is nearNicholsonGardenlaidby theassault near Kabul Gate during was known asNicholsonGarden. andacrossKashmere Gate cemetery Castle. The areainfrontofthe front ofKashmereGate, nearLudlow groundwasopenedin new burial inthearea. cemetery Christian A demandfor a created therising casualties oftheSiegeDelhi Rebellion of1857thenumber of city, mostly thegardens. After the of thegreenareafor thewalled The areaaroundthesitewaspart Delhi 1914 the vicinityofsite. buildings presentin were important Metcalfe andSamuel Ludlow’s Castle wrought-iron gates. compoundwallsand elaborate vast greenspacesaroundstructures, the European-stylebungalow with pointed by thenewprototypeof streetswascounter and narrow courtyards old citywithcentral dense,traditional ofthe built form halls, bungalows andcivillines. The established theirchurches, banqueting mid-19th century. Herethey inthe was settledby theBritish the walledcityofShahajahanabad beyond part Most ofthenorthern Delhi 1909 2.2 Delhi–Early 19th Century and Post-Independence The placewhereNicholsonfell The residenceofSir Thomas Source: Source: www.columbia.edu www.lib.utexas.edu a part ofanopenspacesystem. a part and theareaarounditwasessentially designation cameintobeing. The site of Delhi. development aimed attheintegrated population, theMasterPlanof1962 phenomenal growth ofthecity’s andthe ofthecountry the partition unplanned growth ofDelhifollowing In ordertocheckthehaphazardand assistance ofaFordFoundationteam. in Indiaandwaspreparedwiththe planning steptowards modern irst The DelhiMasterPlan1962wasthe Delhi 1962 institutions andchurches. government ofices, educational around thesitemostly constituted ofthecity.different parts The area strengthening theconnectivityto was developed witharoadnetwork ofthewalledcity part The northern century, helpeddevelop thisarea. sincethe18th ridge northern presencearound The British Delhi 1924 This wasthetimewhenlanduse Source: Source: www.cs.jhu.edu www.columbia.edu NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS

11 HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE CONTEXT 12 CONTEXT CITY LEVEL PROJECT Old Secretariat, CivilLines Flagstaff Tower, CivilLines Ridge,Kamla Nehru CivilLines South-West Railway Line, Delhi-Amritsar Zone ‘H’ (North West Delhi-I) South-East OldCity(Zone’A’) ZoneP-I(Narela)& North-West ‘P-II’ Delhi) (North Delhi)adjoiningSub-zone C-21. N.H.-1 &P-II(North RingRoad, Part OuterRingRoad,North-East Zone’O’ (River Yamuna) ha andconsistsof21Sub-zones. oftheZone The boundaries ‘C’ areasunder: ‘Civil LinesZone’ anditislocatedtowards thenorth, covering an area of3959 ‘A’ to ‘P’ (exceptZone ‘I’) intheMasterPlan2021. Zone ‘C’ isalsoknown as The NCTDhasbeendividedinto15planningZones(divisions)designatedas Introduction 3.1 Zonal Plan ‘C’ features ofthisZoneare: a greenbuffer between theOldCityandBungalow Zone. The signiicant residential bungalows intheCivilLinesBungalow Area. QudsiaBaghforms andspacious Government wasbuilt inCivilLineswithlarge of theImperial Area –Shahjahanabad(OldCity)islocatedinthiszone. The OldSecretariat buildings andgardens.this isrelected initsheritage oftheSpecial A part and periods culturesfromtheMughalandBritish Zone Cisamixofdiverse Special CharacteristicsoftheZone v) Northern Ridge(RegionalPark). Northern v) Campus Delhi University iv) Complex Old Secretariat iii) SpecialArea ii) CivilLinesBungalow Area. i) Zonal Development Plan: Zone ‘C’. Red Fort, OldDelhi Red Fort, xi) Dheerpur ProjectPhase-II Dheerpur xi) Project Phase-I Dheerpur x) CoronationPillar ix) viii) ISBT, KashmereGate & Azadpur Fruit vi) Vegetable Wholesale Market Source: DDA 3.2 Ward Boundaries, Location and Connectivity connectivity. monuments andgovernment institutionswithgood heritage by various Itissurrounded importance. The siteabuts thewalledcityandhashistorical Location Map showing OuterRingRoadandMetro line Map showing connectivitytodifferent areas. the connectivityofthiszone. has improved MetroCorridor phaseofUnderground irst to protectthislow-lying areafromloods in1982. The ofthiszone andwasaddedasanembankment boundary thenortheastern connects OuterRingRoadwhichforms pointofDelhi.Kashmere Gateisthemajorentry It states.surrounding InterStateBus Terminal (ISBT)at connectivity toDelhiasacitywell astothe development over hasbroughtgood theyears signiicantpast,The areahasahistorically thus Connectivity Map showing surrounding wards 78 –KashmereGate. two wardsare Ward no. 77–Majnu ka Tila, and Ward no. that thereiscoordinationbetween thetwo wards. These theedgeofsite,which form therefore itisimportant encompassestwo wards The studyunderconsideration Ward Boundaries NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS an KaTila Majnu Ward No. 77 Chandni Chowk Ward No. 79 Lala HardevSahai Marg Kashmere Gate Ward No. 78 Source: ZonalDevelopment Plan, Zone-C

13 CONTEXT MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS 14 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS protects thecity fromthehotwindsRajasthan. have beenprotectedfrom erosionby the river.Salimgarh Fort thegreenlungsfor Delhi and The Ridgeisvirtually at Wazirabad, ofDelhi. threemiles north underthe plaintrendoftheRidgeandoutlying spurs This northeast spurofthe fromthesurface 80-110ftabove Mountains rises Aravali thelandanddisappears The northernmost The RidgeandRiver Yamuna CITY LEVEL PROJECT 4.1 Topography 1 2 3 4 Qudsia Bagh, CivilLines Nicholson Cemetery, CivilLines Ridge,Kamla Nehru CivilLines Nullah along Gujrati SamajMarg,Nullah alongGujrati CivilLines Source: Delhi Past andPresent , H.C. Fanshawe 4 3 2 1 4.2 OpenSpace System events ranging from the Early Mughal, fromtheEarly events ranging Late MughalandColonialPeriods. Yamuna ofthe andisdottedwith remainsandmemories but itisnow signiicanthistory fragmented. Ithasavery remnants ofthepast. thiswasacontinuous stretchofopenlandextendingfromeast-west Historically totheRiver Qudsia Baghactsasagreenbuffer between theOldCityandCivilLinesBungalow Zone. These arefragmented, Open Green Spaces 1 23 4 32 NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS Kamla Nehru Ridge,Kamla Nehru CivilLines Maharaja Maharaja Park,Agrasen KashmereGate Nicholson Cemetery, CivilLines Qudsia Bagh, CivilLines 1 4 3 2

15 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS 16 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS around Nicholson Cemetery. of CivilLines, withitsmany colonialbuildings. of 1 km withinaradius The mapabove structures shows theheritage component ofthebuilt-up area till date. thecrucial era forms continuously Heritage occupiedfromtheMahabharata times.resources andprovided habitationsinceprehistoric This wasoneofthe majorreasonswhy thisplainwas since ancienttimes. The cityofDelhihasbeenimportant The RangeandtheRiverAravalli Yamuna innatural were rich Heritage CITY LEVEL PROJECT 4.3 Heritage Delhi ExchangeStore, ShamnathMarg Chapel, RajNiwasMarg Market, ClubRoad, offBoulevardRoad Lane, Brotherhood,Cambridge CivilLines Court Source: ww.intachdelhichapter.org Site 4.4 Site 2 4 4 1 1 3 3 Google map showing thesite NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS Cemetery Nicholson Kashmere Gate Metro Station the area. inandaround number ofpedestrians system, thusincreasingthe transport Metro hasbeenaddedtothe the Another modeoftransport, Station 4. Kashmere GateMetro structures.heritage spaces oftheMughalera, alsohas Qudsia Bagh, oneoftherecreational 2. QudsiaBagh foot. ofpeopleon also amajorgenerator The ISBT, tothecity, theentrance is 3. ISBT around thisareaisakey issue. Colonial era. Pedestrian infrastructure precinctsofthe heritage important isoneofthe Nicholson Cemetery 1. NicholsonCemetery intents tobeaddressed. developments isoneofthedesign well as itsinterfacewiththenewer oftheplaceas respect tothehistory The signiicanceoftheareawith Qudsia BaghinCivilLines. andtheedgeof Nicholson Cemetery Kashmere GateMetroStationand namely InterStateBus Terminal, nodes constitutesthetransit majorly The areachosenfor thestudy Site Selection Qudsia Bagh ISBT

17 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS 18 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL PROJECT Lala HardevSahai Marg Lala HardevSahaiMarg, towards Shahdara 4.5 Movement around the Site 2 2 3 3 1 2 1 1 connectivity to the city and surrounding states. connectivity tothecityandsurrounding west corridor. The presenceofISBTandMRTS gives good theeast- forms connector whileLalaHardevSahai Marg of thecountry. The RingRoadisamajornorth-south states nodefor thecityaswelltransit asfor thenorthern and connectivityover thepast, ithasbecomeamajor the cityaswell as thestates. location With its important of vital withregardtotheconnectivitydifferent parts timesandhavebeen signiicantsincehistorical been The CivilLinesareaandtheKashmereGatehave Shamnath Marg, CivilLines 3 Buses stopping outside the entrance toNicholsonCemetary Buses stoppingoutside theentrance Bus StopsatLalaHardevSahaiMarg 4.5.1 Movement Issues 1 1 2 1 trafic jams.trafic creating islandalongLala Hardev SahaiMarg to thetrafic adding tothechaos. toNicholsonCemetery stop infrontoftheentrance junction. congestionatthisparticular Buses creating trafic like andautos, cycle-rickshaws of transport, causechaos, modes.for para-transit The stoppagesofalliedmodes volume,increases thepedestrian thuscreatingtheneed side The MetroexitsontheNicholsonCemetery island. View showing congestionalongtrafic The para-transit modes of transport stoppagesextend modesoftransport The para-transit NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS 2 2 3 3

19 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS 20 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL PROJECT Pedestrian walkway alongQudsia Bagh Hardev SahaiMarg Pedestrian island, walkway alongtrafic Lala Cemetery, LalaHardevSahaiMarg Pedestrian walkway alongNicholson 4.5.2 Pedestrian Movement 1 1 3 2 1 Pedestrian walkway alongShamnathMarg Shamnath Marg Pedestrian walkway alongQudsiaBagh, Yamuna Marg Pedestrian walkway alongQudsiaBagh, 6 6 4 5 5 2 2 3 3 6 4 5 with the pedestrian sidewalks. with thepedestrian residential areasarealsoequipped related facilities.and pedestrian The prevalent, but lackthemaintenance sidewalksare Thus pedestrian infrastructure. this areaitspedestrian development hasgivensurrounding nodesand because ofthetransit The number ofpeopleonfoot aaaaArsnPr,na aheeGt QudsiaBagh, ShamnathMarg Maharaja Park,Agrasen near KashmereGate CanalRestHouse, ShamnathMarg Kashmere GateMetroStation ISBT KashmereGate 4.6 Development around the Site 3 2 1 Shamnath Marg Wrestling Training Castle Venue,Ludlow 4 4 5 5 3 3 6 6 2 2 NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS 6 5 4 1 1 the restof city. have improved theconnectivity to Rapid Transit System(MRTS)which State Bus Terminal (ISBT)and Mass newer developments like theInter and ithasalsoblended withthe open greenspaces. signiicant withhistorically structures component. There aremany heritage alarge institutions alsoform Bungalow Zone. Educational astheCivilLines areas termed government oficesandresidential Today, theareamainly has over power fromtheMughals. took civilian buildings after theBritish and military dominated by British The areaofCivilLineswasmostly The area is rich with its heritage withitsheritage The areaisrich

21 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS 22 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL PROJECT ISBT Nursery, ShamnathMarg Marg Maharaja Park,Agrasen LalaHardevSahai Marg Nicholson Cemetery, LalaHardevSahai Qudsia Bagh, ShamnathMarg 4.7 Existing Vegetation balance andthe microclimate. in maintainingthearea’s ecological green pockets have beencrucial in andaroundthesite. These over duetodevelopment theyears green areashave beenfragmented Lines zone andtheOldCity. These areasofthecity–Civil important asthebufferhave for two served pastand remnants ofthehistorical The greenareasaroundthesiteare 1 4 3 2 2 3 4 1 NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS

23 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS 24 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL PROJECT Gateway, QudsiaBagh Shahi Masjid, QudsiaBagh Kashmere Gate 4.8 Heritage Monuments 3 2 1 4 4 Oberoi MaidensHotel Canal RestHouse, ShamnathMarg Nicholson Cemetery 6 6 5 5 3 3 1 2 2 6 5 4 established in thelateMughalperiod Old City. was NicholsonCemetery a recreationalareafor the formed in MasterPlan2021. QudsiaBagh which features as a SpecialZone abuts theOldCityof Shahjahanabad monuments.Colonial era The area inbothMughaland The areaisrich Heritage 4.9 New Proposals around thisarea. has alreadybegun. This willaddtothenumber ofpedestrians besides KashmereGateMetroStationfor whichthework network, Metrostation hasproposedanunderground DMRC underPhaseIIIofitsprojecttoexpandtheMRTS Underground Metro Station Key Planshowing Metro routes Proposed Underground Metro Station Key Plan showing Metro stations NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS

25 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS 26 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS

CITY LEVEL PROJECT Key Plan 4.10 Nicholson Cemetery Pathway for the cemetery was undertaken by thisgroup. wasundertaken for thecemetery Commission looksafteritsupkeep. In2006, landscaping High administered by GroupFourunderwhich theBritish theIndianRebellionof1857.during is The cemetery the British Army. role Nicholsonplayed aninstrumental then namedafterJohnNicholson, abrigadier-general in 1900s. untiltheearly Itwas or KashmereGateCemetery Cemetery NCR andwasknown astheOldDelhiMilitary in 1857. inDelhi cemetery This istheoldestChristian and west oftheInterStateBus Terminal wasestablished nearKashmereGateMetrostation Nicholson Cemetery Introduction

Pathwa y

Nicholson Cemeter

Entrance Gate wa y Nicholson Cemetery gate,Existing seatingarea nearentrance Pathway, NicholsonCemetery Pathway, NicholsonCemetery Gate,Entrance NicholsonCemetery Panoramic View II, NicholsonCemetery Panoramic View I, NicholsonCemetery Nicholson Cemetery alongpathway,Outdoor furniture Pathway, NicholsonCemetery Pathway,Central NicholsonCemetery Cemetery GateandGuardRoom,Entrance Nicholson NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS • • Possibilityavenue of on plantation • Development additional of 4.10.2 Pathways Paving• Finishes • Signage • • Entrance the at RemovalPlanters of Design Gate and Restoration • Gateway Building Works for Entrance 4.10.1 Conservation • • for Proposal furniture outdoor Outdoor Furnishing: • Wellareas seating designed • character Heritage – Design character ofthecomplex character consonant withtheheritage existing pathways existing pathstructure pathways andareasbasedon the existingusage assessing theneedandbased on

27 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS 28 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL PROJECT Key Plan

Boundary Wall

Boundar

y Wall

Nicholson Cemeter

Entrance Gate wa y Embankment along theNullah, Nicholson Cemetery Vegetation alongsidetheNullah, NicholsonCemetery wallalonggraves,High boundary NicholsonCemetery wallalongNullah,Boundary NicholsonCemetery NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS • • planting Shrub • visible,More totally– without Design – character heritage • its Maintaining • Practicality in terms of costs, durability • Uniformity WallBoundary 4.10.3 • Stormwater drainage and Rainwater Rainwater and • drainage Stormwater for proposal • landscape and Cleaning 4.10.4 Nullah screening thecemetery (Colonial Style) Harvesting System Harvesting Nullah

29 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS 30 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS CITY LEVEL PROJECT 4.11 Conclusion Legend Residential Educational Institutions Govt. Ofices Transport Transport Cemetery Playground NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS • with crucial very areais This • Tomake identiied the • To identify all open spaces Aims andObjectives parameter. become anessentialdesign amenities relatedtopedestrians station willincreasethefootfall, thus areas. The proposednewMetro respect toconnectivityvarious with have madethisareaimportant nodeslike theISBT,transit MRTS ofthisarea. avitalpart form The also structures spaces andheritage signiicantopengreen The historically ofices aswell asresidential areas. educational institutions, government by The areaismostly surrounded Conclusion memorialize it. memorialize elements thatrelive and of thisspacethrough the event meaning andderive tocommemorate important of 1857. Therefore it is respect totheRebellion nodes. existing andproposedtransit activity associatedwiththe and character the heritage withrespectto attractive system ofgreenspaces the citizens ofthecity. past tothegreaterbeneitof forward thishistorical carry thislegacy,consideration and future developments take into signiicance suchthatthe keeping withtheirhistorical and give themidentityin

31 MAPPING AND SITE ANALYSIS DESIGN PROPOSAL 32 DESIGN PROPOSAL CITY LEVEL PROJECT 5.1 Schematic Plan: Potentials FURNISHINGS AND LANDSCAPE, OUTDOOR CONSERVATION WORKS Core 1. The CEMETERY ENTRANCE AREA FORNICHOLSON POTENTIAL FORNEWUSE, GREEN, ACCESS 2. Nursery HERITAGE CHARACTER AND FORVISUAL POTENTIAL 3. Island NICHOLSON CEMETERY, QUDSIABAGH. POTENTIAL FORCONNECTION WITH 4. Metro POTENTIAL FORCONNECTING TO THE RIVER 6. Riverfront Development IMPROVEMENT POTENTIAL FORRESTORATION/ 5. QudsiaBagh NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS

33 DESIGN PROPOSAL 34 DESIGN PROPOSAL CITY LEVEL PROJECT 5.2 Landscape Strategy places A walkway withrestingandseating Pedestrian Walkway the plaza A physical andavisualconnectorto Tree Avenue movementAnchor tothepedestrian Shops andFood Joints waiting areas Plazawithshadeand Entrance Metro EntrancePlaza Pedestrian walkway, SchoolofPlanning and Architecture, NewDelhi Metro station exit. Khan Market Delhi pathway,Kiosks alongpedestrian ITO, New Garden ofFive Senses, NewDelhi New Delhi Pedestrian walkway, Police Headquarters, Metrostation Shops alongKhanMarket Plaza Metro Entrance Plaza Island Shops Walkway Pedestrian Para-Transit Bay Shops NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS Tree Plaza Plaza Entrance Metro

35 DESIGN PROPOSAL 36 DESIGN PROPOSAL CITY LEVEL PROJECT 5.3 DesignConcept Island pedestrian system. pedestrian ofthe nodesasapart transit system andconnectstothe movement alongthesite. as well astothepedestrian a connectortotwo plazas proposal, theislandforms ofthedesign part An integral It reiterates thegreen It reiterates proposal. anessentialdesignelement ofthe The islandthusforms movements.a connectortothesetwo linearpedestrian movementthe pedestrian islinearinnature, theisland is plays avitalroleinguidingthedesignparameters. Since nodes.the transit aroundthesite character The heritage systemwithrespectto The sitehasanexistingpedestrian of the pedestrian system of thepedestrian network, increasing thefunctionality They strengthenthepedestrian Shops Resting Spaces Shops and 5.4 DesignDevelopment provides the opportunity to explore the pedestrian options andconsolidategreenspaces. toexplore thepedestrian provides the opportunity andamenities. movement,infrastructure strengtheningthepedestrian As the island hasthepotentialfor further it pathway whichisreinforced totheideaofapedestrian withpedestrian The vicinityoftheMetrostation gives rise Design Intent Design Alternative NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS Green Spaces Movement and Pedestrian

37 DESIGN PROPOSAL 38 DESIGN PROPOSAL 5.4.1 InitialDesign CITY LEVEL PROJECT NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS

39 DESIGN PROPOSAL 40 DESIGN PROPOSAL CITY LEVEL PROJECT 5.5 Site Plan 7 6 5 4 3 1 2 Metro Walkway Tree Plaza Food Plaza Para-Transit Bay Island Plaza Shops Metro EntrancePlaza 1 2 2 3 3 7 7 4 4 5 5 NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS 6 6

41 DESIGN PROPOSAL 42 DESIGN PROPOSAL View 1 CITY LEVEL PROJECT Design Exploration 5.5.1 Metro EntrancePlaza Stops Bus Towards Cemetery Nicholson Entry Key Plan VIEW 1 system. reinforce thepedestrian with paved surfaces, lighting, signage corridors Plazas andpedestrian and identiicationofthesurroundings. information for transit opportunity ofpeopleandprovide concentration the stations. Plazasalsoencourage safety andconvenient accessto planned toprovide greatervisibility, walkways are Plazas andpedestrian and Metro Station Entrance toNicholsonCemetery Shops Towards Design Exploration movement. thepedestrian guideline tointegrate a smallplazainvariably gives adesign low. withtheregularpedestrian interfering identifying withtheplace, without associate withthespace, thusalso to anopportunity gives commuters nodes tothetransit which isancillary andtheirmovements.pedestrians of increasing theconcentration smaller, compactmarkets. storesor oflarge be intheform movement.pedestrian These could shops. amagnetfor the Kiosksform strengthened by theintroductionof is experience The pedestrian Shops View 1 5.5.2 Shops A designated space in the form of A designatedspaceintheform A designatedspacefor shops pedestrians,These facilitiesattract Cemetery Nicholson Towards NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS Key Plan VIEW 1 Island Plaza Towards

43 DESIGN PROPOSAL 44 DESIGN PROPOSAL View 1 CITY LEVEL PROJECT Movement Pattern Paving Module Arrangement and Module Arrangement Paving Pathway Alignment Design Exploration 5.5.3 IslandPlaza Shops Towards Information Display with Seating Arrangement place make thepathinteresting. ofthe display relatedtotheheritage usability ofthespace. Information improving thefunctionalityand ofthedesign, part anintegral forms network.pedestrian Landscape waterstrengthenthe and drinking nodes. Public facilitiessuchastoilets it eficientinrelationtothetransit with placesofpauseandrestmakes movement pedestrian integrated modesoftransportation. transit The theoptionofpara- pedestrians the Metrostationaswell asgives asaconnectorto The plazaserves Exit Metro Towards View 2 without any hindrance for thethoroughfare. without any hindrance segregated bay provides easyaccesstothecommuters tocontinue theirjourney. anopportunity pedestrians The andgives network bay extendsthetransport transit isessential. to subsequentmodesoftransport The para- theconnectivityandaccessibility For eficienttransport, 5.5.4 Para-Transit Bay Section - AA: Through IslandPlaza, Para-Transit Bay. Toilets A Island Plaza A NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS TowardsMetro Walkway Key Plan Para-Transit Bay VIEW 2 VIEW 1

45 DESIGN PROPOSAL 46 DESIGN PROPOSAL View 1 CITY LEVEL PROJECT 5.5.5 Food Plaza Design Exploration interest for theuserofspace. loor levels addanelementof landscape elements. The different rejoicing withpropershadeand spaces. These placesbecomemore seatingandresting with appropriate tointeract theopportunity users system. The food plazagives the movement strengthenthepedestrian The activitiesrelatedtopedestrian View 2 Section - AA:Through Food Plaza, RoadandIslandPlaza Walkway Metro Food Plaza A Metro Walkway NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS Road Key Plan A VIEW 1 Lawn VIEW 2 Exit Metro

47 DESIGN PROPOSAL 48 DESIGN PROPOSAL CITY LEVEL PROJECT Design Exploration 5.5.6 TreePlaza View 1 increases theeficiency. the spaceprovides shadeand way. Consolidationofgreenswithin torestwhileontheir opportunity theplace.enrich pathway withlandscapeelements alongthe the place. Spacescarved beneicial for thefunctioningof seating areasandshadeproves pedestrians. A pathway thathas facilitiesprovided for the ancillary such nodesalsodependsonthe footfall inthearea. The successof thusincreasingthe of pedestrians Transit nodesaremajorgenerators A tree plaza gives the pedestrians A treeplazagives thepedestrians View 2 Walkway Metro Section -AA: Through Tree PlazaandMetro Walkway Qudsia Bagh Tree Plaza A A NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS Walkway Metro Key Plan VIEW 2 Road Exit Metro Towards VIEW 1

49 DESIGN PROPOSAL 50 DESIGN PROPOSAL View 1 CITY LEVEL PROJECT Metro Walkway5.5.7 pedestrian comfort. pedestrian thelandscapefor thus integrating interjections andplacesofpause path. The Metrowalkway has spaces designedalongthemovement movement isreinforced by seating environment. pedestrian and helpimprove thequalityof walkways components ofpedestrian adequate lightingareessential the space. Shade, streetfurnishings, thereby increasingtheusabilityof spaces interestingandattractive, deining thepathway andmaking and thusbecomeplacestosocialize. network strengthen thepedestrian Resting andplacesofpause shelter provided for thepedestrians. and is governed by thecomfort system The eficiencyofapedestrian The functionality of any pedestrian The functionalityofany pedestrian rolein Landscape plays acrucial Seating Arrangement Key Plan VIEW 1 African Wattle ( WattleAfrican Tecoma stans Hamelia patens Shrub Species Pilkhan ( Tree Species Ficus virens Peltophorum africanum ) ) the proposal. the walkways. of Following canbesuggestedasapart speciescanbeproposedalong Variety oftreeandshrub Hibiscus Bu Halima’s Gate(Humayun’s Tomb), NewDelhi approximately 12m. with aspreadingcanopy, height A medium-sized deciduoustree, approximately 18m. deciduoustree,A large withaspreadingcanopy, height NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS

51 DESIGN PROPOSAL 52 DESIGN PROPOSAL CITY LEVEL PROJECT 5.5.8 NicholsonCemetery 4 4 3 3 1 1 2 Existing SitePlan Design Proposal Section: AA Proposed Boundary Proposed Boundary Wall Deisgn WallBoundary 2. Removal ofPlanters Gate. ofEntrance Conservation 1. Entrance Gateway Building QUARTZITE STONEWALL NICHOLSON CEMETERY Elevation SOLID SQUAREBARS 350MM THK.DELHI PATHWAY STONE WALLIN 25MMX25MM ELEVATION PATHWAY Before After 2 2 ROAD B A B A Section: BB QUARTZITE STONEWALL 230MM THK. BRK. WALL NICHOLSON CEMETERY 350MM THK.DELHI 100MM THK.P.C.C NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS STONE WALLIN ELEVATION OPENING COPING PATHWAY ROAD

53 DESIGN PROPOSAL 54 DESIGN PROPOSAL Existing MainPathway CITY LEVEL PROJECT 3. Pathway 1: Before 2 Redesigned Pathways Redesigned Main Pathway 1: After Proposed locationsfor StreetFurniture 2 1 refer page 27 Seating Area Existing Tabernaemontana alba Plumeria Shrub Species Benches Cast-Iron Three-Seater 4. OutdoorFurnishings orChandni Source: www.kararamujassme.in Calliandra haematocephala NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS

55 DESIGN PROPOSAL 56 DESIGN PROPOSAL CITY LEVEL PROJECT 5.5.9 Aerial View 5.5.9 NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS

57 DESIGN PROPOSAL ANNEXURES 58 ANNEXURES CITY LEVEL PROJECT 6.1 AMASR Act in the principal in theprincipal Act. ofthe GovernmentAmendment by by theCentral virtue National Monument Authority, whichistobeconstituted the monuments, archaeologicalsitestobedoneby the andclassiication of extended onthebasisofgradation 200 m, respectively. The limitsso ixed may befurther have beenspeciied intheprincipal Act as100mand Governmentdeclared by asprotected theCentral around themonuments, archaeologicalsitesandremains protection. the amonument underits ASI makes decisionstobring theobjections,scrutinizing ifany, received inthisregard, month’s noticefor inviting objections, ifany inthisregard. by givingatwo- sites andremainsofnationalimportance provisions ofthe AMASR Act, 1958, protectsmonuments, The ofIndia(ASI)underthe Archaeological Survey Protection ofmonuments 2. The meansofaccessto, andconvenient inspectionof 1. oflandadjoiningtheareaasmay be Such portion includes— have beeninexistencefor notlessthan100years, and which orarchaeologicalimportance relics ofhistorical or contains orisreasonably believed tocontainruins Archaeological siteandremainsmeansany areawhich as follows: The section2(d)deinesarchaeologicalsiteandremains 4. The meansofaccessto, and convenient inspectionof, 3. oflandadjoiningthesiteanancient Such portion 2. Site ofanancientmonument, 1. Remains ofanancientmonument. andincludes: been inexistencefor notlessthan100years interestandwhich has historical, archaeologicalorartistic cave, rock-sculpture, ormonolith, inscription whichisof monument, orany tumulus orplaceofinternment, orany Ancient Monument meansany structure, erectionor Monument’ asfollows: and Remains Act (AMASR), 1958, deinesan ‘ Ancient The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites The limitsofprohibitedareaandregulated After thespeciied two-month period, andafter the area; it,preserving and required for fencing orcovering inorotherwise an ancientmonument; suchmonument,or otherwisepreserving and monument asmay berequiredfor fencing orcovering in Safdarjung Tomb, NewDelhi Old Fort,NewDelhi Kashmere Gate, NewDelhi wounded anddied, 23rd September1857aged35 6.2 Brigadier John Nicholson earmarked by the earmarked ASI for NicholsonCemetery. The adjacentmapshows theprotectedboundary isdividedinto24Circles.the entirecountry archaeological sitesandremains ofnationalimportance, For themaintenanceofancient monuments and Cemetery forProtected Nicholson Boundary assault ofDelhi, butfell inthehourof Victory, mortall The Grave ofBrigadierGeneralNicholsonwholedthe to build histombstoneandepitaphonitreads: there. taken A whitemarble slabfromthe RedFort was people whowere buried Nicholson wasamongtheirst the KashmereGate, near to Ludlow Castle. in thearea. groundwasopenedinfrontof A newburial cemetery demandfor aChristian Delhi createdtherising sepoy. Hediedofhiswounds on23September. party.storming Hewasshotinthechestby arebellious 1857, andNicholsonwasselectedtocommandthemain one ofthedecisive conlicts oftherebellion. theSiegeofDelhi,Rebellion of1857especially during He isbestknown for hispivotal roleintheIndian Anglo-Sikh War (1845-1846). and First 1842) infantry. inthe First Anglo-Afghan Heserved War (1839– was attachedtothe41stNative He joinedfor dutyat Banaras, and cadetship fromthe BengalInfantry. in Dublin, Ireland. Heobtaineda on11December1821 was born intheBritish general Army. He John Nicholsonwasabrigadier- The number ofcasualtiesresultingfromtheSiege The assaultofDelhitookplaceon14September y

Source: themutinyof1857, during Army London: Smith, ElderandCo., p. 54 Source: NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS Archaeological Survey ofIndia Archaeological Survey Bourchier, (1858)Eight months’ George campaignagainsttheBengalSepoy

59 ANNEXURES 60 ANNEXURES CITY LEVEL PROJECT Grading: Date: State ofPreservation: in Delhi. Nicholson, whodiedin1857, here. isburied Signiicance: SPECIAL FEATURES Status: Function: Ownership: Location: 3. NicholsonCemetery Grading: Date: State ofPreservation: Cecil HosteluntilIndependence. Signiicance: SPECIAL FEATURES Status: Function: Ownership: Location: 2. St. Xavier’s School Grading: Date: State ofPreservation: merit. this colonialbuilding isofarchitectural Signiicance: SPECIAL FEATURES Status: Function: Ownership: Location: 1. HotelOberoi Maidens 6.3 Heritage Inventory 1857 1900s Early 1907 Early Protected Unprotected Unprotected AcietrlVle B ValueArchitectural rhtcua au B ValueArchitectural B ValueArchitectural Boulevard 4, RajNiwasMarg, CivilLines ShamnathMarg, CivilLines Cemetery School(Present) Hotel Public Private hotelstobebuilt inthecity,Among theirst Public Trust This is one of the earliest British cemeteries cemeteries British This isoneoftheearliest wasthe merit This building ofarchitectural Deteriorating Fair Fair Key Plan showing heritage structures in1kmradius structures Key Planshowing heritage 2 3 1 3 2 1 Grading: Date: State ofPreservation: It alsohousedagovernment college(1804-77). Signiicance: SPECIAL FEATURES Status: Function: Ownership: Gate Location: 3.Museum Archaeological Date: State ofPreservation: inDelhi.British Signiicance: SPECIAL FEATURES Status: Function: Ownership: Location: 2. St. JamesChurch Date: State ofPreservation: Shahjahanabad whichstillsurvives. Signiicance: SPECIAL FEATURES Status: Function: Ownership: Location: 1. Kashmere Gate 1867 1836 Period ofShahjahan Unprotected Unprotected Unprotected rhtcua au B ValueArchitectural Library InsideDelhiInstituteof Technology, Kashmere GateofCity OppositeInterStateBus Terminal Church Kashmere Gatearea Public Public Public This was originally the library of Dara Shikoh. ofDara thelibrary This wasoriginally churchtobebuilt by the This istheirst This isoneofthefour gatesofthecity of Fair Fair Deteriorating Key Plan showing heritage structures in1kmradius structures Key Planshowing heritage 1 NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS 2 3 3 2 1

61 ANNEXURES 62 ANNEXURES CITY LEVEL PROJECT climatic conditions, etc. of thetrip, differences, cultural dependingonthepurpose will vary ofwalkingdistances Average range Distances Acceptable Walking willslow downturnstiles movement intersections, stairways, and escalators changesof6%orless,grade but are notsigniicantly affected by (15 ft). Pedestrian walkingrates than approximately 4,500mm becomesless ahead ofthepedestrian increases and/ortheclearspace densityon awalkway pedestrian willdecreaseas walking pedestrian of adultpedestrians. The average Table-1 shows average walkingrates Walking Rates Movement Criteria across regionsandcultures. willdiffer psychological comfort circumstances. undervarious average pedestrian for the psychologically comfortable forward visionheldtobe to theextentofunobstructed Forward spatialbubbles refer Forward SpatialBubbles social andenvironmental values. densities ofpeople, and heritage cultures asafunctionofaccustomed regions andbetween different Spatial requirementsdiffer invarious Human Dimensionsand Activity Dimensional Criteria Source: from Excerpts StandardsLandscape Time Savers Architecture. 6.4 Physical Characteristics ofPedestrian The spatialrequirementsfor Table-I ucig600203.7 2 4 2.8 200 113 4.3 60000 215 152 33900 260 64500 45600 78000 Stairways (goingup) Stairways (goingdown) Bunching (75yrs) Elderly Average adult yem/i.f/i km/hr. ft/min mm/min. Type NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS of thesetting. probable, withinthescaleandlayout degree ofeye contactpossible, and or thosemeanttoallow a certain to active socialcommunication, considerations. them, design separate areimportant people intocloseproximity, or within thatspace. social communication thatmay occur behaviour andthetypeof pedestrian ofaspacewillinluence and form ofreasons,For avariety thescale Social Communication enclosure. the spacebeginstolackasenseof the widthofspaceenclosed. are one-halftoone-thirdashigh planes whenitsvertical comfortable enclosureismost An external Sense ofSpatialEnclosure: Visual Perception signage. pedestrian of the placementandorientation of interms especially important ontheleft.illustrated vision somewhatlessthanthis, as horizontally, withanglesofacute and60degrees degrees vertically the ixed eye) isapproximately 30 surroundings. perceptionoftheir normal during attention ateye level andbelow ontheleft.position isillustrated a standingpositionaswell assitting The eye-level ofanaverage adultin Eye Levels andConeof Vision Visual Criteria Settings aremeanttobeconducive Physical distancesthatbring fallsbelow one-fourth,If theratio Eye levels andcone ofvisionare The humanconeofvision(i.e., Pedestrians willfocus mostoftheir

63 ANNEXURES 64 ANNEXURES CITY LEVEL PROJECT (42 in.) • Minimumfor width private • Minimumfor width public stairways Widths Stairways material. aswould non-porouspavingdrainage require asmuch ofacross-slopefor depending onpaving material. on theneedfor positive drainage, arebased and cross-slopecriteria on userabilitiesanddesignobjectives, arebased Longitudinal slopecriteria Walkway width ofapathway. and kiosks, alsoreducetheeffective receptacles,trash fountains, sculpture trees, meters, parking telephones, and features, suchasirehydrants, density.conditions ofhighpedestrian (18 to30in.). building façade, i.e. 450to750mm by pedestrians, asistheedgeof in.) fromthestreetedge, isavoided to acurbedroadway, i.e. 750mm(30 the pathways. not usetheentirewidthofmost walkways. width of1,200mm(4ft)for public which suggestsaminimum pathway isnecessary,for eachpedestrian In general, a600mm(24in)width existing orexpectedintensityofuse. andthe depending onthepurpose pathways vary Widths ofpedestrian Criteria Pathway Width andSlope 6.5 Spatial Standards stairways shouldbe1,050mm should be1,500mm(60in.). Porous thuswon’t paving material The presenceofstreetfurniture These edgesareusedonly under The edgeofthewalkway adjacent Pedestrians asagroupusually do 3% cross-slope Maximum cross-slope Typical.2% (Depending onmaterial). 1% cross-slope Minimum Cross Slope ramps 5% to8%slopesare Considered Conditions permit 5% to10%slopesPossible ifClimatic 5% slopesMaximum 0% to3%slopesPreferred Longitudinal Slope as purely utilitarian transitional spaces. transitional as purely utilitarian than placesrather gathering informal plazas, whentheseareusedas reasons, asinthecaseofterraced bottom tread. a constantalongtheedgeof tomaintain canbewrapped (B.S) constant dimension. ata order tokeep thebottomriser thanremainlevel, rather the grade in a stairway canbebuilt toslopewith whenever possible. hazardous andshouldbeavoided obliquely intoaslope), but these are (e.g., stairwaysstairways built willvary descent, andfor safety reasons. of stairways, for easeofascentor stairway orset within any particular Tread-riser arealways ratios constant Tread-Riser Ratios Tread for aesthetic widthsalsovary The bottomofstairway grade gentleslopesof0.5to2.0%, On very occasions,On rare heightsin riser downgrade 2%fordowngrade drainage. purposes. for utilitarian may beconsidered A 175(7in.)riser and amaximum of150mm(6in.). be aminimum of115mm(4.5in.) railings, plantingsorlighting. announced conspicuously with and theirpresenceshouldbe preferably three, shouldbespeciied, speciied. At leasttwo steps, but dangerous andshouldnever be indoors. thantheydo outdoors greater rates stairways. People tend to move at easier toascendthaninterior Outdoor stairways shouldbemade Additional Considerations Tread shouldbe pitched for outdoorstairways should Risers Single stepsinwalkways are NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS

65 ANNEXURES 66 ANNEXURES CITY LEVEL PROJECT • provided be should Landings within Distance between Landing: less than900(3ft) distanceis acceptable iftherunning an exception: 1:8 or12%being than 1:12or8.33%. Curbcutsare Ramp slopesmust notbegreater Slope Criteria must beprovided. wheelchairs space for manoeuvring (5 ft). clear minimum widthof1,500mm whereas two-way travel requiresa minimum widthof900mm(3ft), of use. according tothetypeandintensity Ramp widthsaredetermined Widths Ramps (5 ft)orless. of thenext, higherone, i.e. 1,500mm one landingcanseethegroundplane adult ofaverage heightstandingon landings arebestdesignedsothatan discouraging. more arefound tobestrongly proceed. (1-11/2 ft), candecreaseincentive to even aslittle300to500mm endurance. reasons aswell asfor human for psychological criteria important The heightbetween landingsisan Height Between Landings ramp length. ramp 9,000mm(30ft)orless of every occuratlandings,If turns adequate One-way travel requires aclear Thus, heightsbetween stairway Changes of1,800mm(6ft)or changesingroundlevels,Abrupt 4500 (15ft)Etc. 1500 mm(5ft)i.e. 1500(5ft), 3000(10ft), Longer landingsaretypically multiples of Minimum. A 1500mm(5ft)lengthlandingisatypical onthelanding. strides an easycadencewithaminimum ofthree Landings shouldbelongenoughtoallow change legibility ofthegrade toensureclear Three stepsarepreferred provided. A minimum oftwo stepsshouldbe onto andthenoffalanding. footbetween whenstepping leftandright Stairway Landings Allows analteration Note thatthe “Multiple ofFive” for rule fatigue. treads isrecommendedtominimize twenty (20) of one(1)landingfor every Where thisisnotpossible, aminimum psychologically lessinviting. Height Greaterthan1500mm(5ft)are allow aviewofthenexthigherlanding. kept toamaximum of1500mm(5ft)to The Heightbetween landingsshouldbe NICHOLSON CEMETERY ANDITS PRECINCTS background. and ofletters letters, proportions ofvisual ield,consideration scaleof involvesfor useby pedestrians Design andplacementofsigns Pedestrian Signage use wheelchairs. for individualswho useful onramps are sometimesadvisable andarealso lower thanthatspeciied for adults, landings. intermediate be 6,000mm(20ft)apart. convenience. shouldnot Handrailings have for greater centrerailings only ononeside. because somepeoplehave strength areimportant stairway orramp onbothsidesofa Handrailings Additional considerations individuals withimpairedvision. under for safety reasons. and shouldberoundedofforturned step by 300to450mm(1218in.) extend beyond thetopandbottom from 750to850mm(3034in). typically range stairways andramps for maximum support. grip allow asecureandcomfortable stairways andramps, andshould onall areimportant Handrailings Handrailings most preferred. height, with400mm(16in)being 400 to450mm(14and18in), in mm (16to18in)wideandbetween for theindividual.greatest comfort Benches shouldbedesignedtoensure Seating Criteria Handrailings for children,Handrailings ataheight Railings shouldcontinue across widestairways should Extra for This detailisimportant should The endsoftherailings heightsfor outdoor Handrailing Seat wallsaretypically 400to450

67 ANNEXURES (An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certiied Organisation)

Delhi Urban Art Commission

The Delhi Urban Art Commission was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1973

to “advise the Government of India in the matter of preserving, developing and maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design within Delhi and to provide advice and guidance to any local body in respect of any project of building operations or engineering operations or any development proposal which affects or is like to affect the skyline or the aesthetic quality of the surroundings or any public amenity provided therein”. (An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certiied Organisation)

Delhi Urban Art Commission Tel: 24619593, 24618607, 24690821, 24636191, Fax: 24648970 Email: [email protected] Website: www.duac.org