Community Profile

COMMUNITY PROFILE

WAYNE COUNTY

Lower Elkhorn Natural Resources District Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Update

2020

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 1

Section Seven: Wayne County Community Profile

Local Planning Team

Table WCO.1: Wayne County Local Planning Team Name Title Jurisdiction Nicholas Kemnitz Emergency Manager Wayne County Mark Casey Highway Superintendent Wayne County

Location and Geography Wayne County is in northeastern Nebraska and is bordered by Pierce, Cedar, Dixon, Thurston, Cuming, Stanton and Madison Counties. The total area of Wayne County is 443 square miles. Major waterways within the County include the South Logan Creek, Dog Creek, and Deer Creek. Most of Wayne County lies in the rolling hills topographic region, with most of the county’s land characterized by agricultural fields.i

Figure WCO.1: Wayne County

Transportation Wayne County’s major transportation corridors include Nebraska Highways 98, 57, 35, 15, and 16. The county also has a Municipal Airport located in Wayne. This Airport features 17 single- engine airplanes and averages 22 aircraft operations per day. This information is important to

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 2 Section Seven: Wayne County Community Profile hazard mitigation plans insofar as is suggests possible evacuation corridors in the county, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

There are several transportation routes of concern to local mitigation planners from the county’s perspective. This includes Highway 57, 16, 98, 35, 15 and all Federal Aid Roads located throughout the county. To date there have not been any serious transportation incidents but the potential severity is too critical to ignore. There are critical facilitates located along these main routes, most specifically the electrical substations along the Federal Aid Routes.

Demographics The following figure displays the historical population trend from 1930 to 2016. This figure indicates that the population of Wayne County has been declining since 1930. This is notable for hazard mitigation because communities with declining population may also have a higher level of unoccupied housing that is not being maintained. Furthermore, areas with declining population will be less prone to pursuing residential and commercial development in their areas, which may reduce the number of structures vulnerable to hazards in the future. Decreasing populations can also represent decreasing tax revenue for the county which could make implementation of mitigation actions more fiscally challenging.

Figure WCO.2: Population 1930 – 2016 10800

10600 10566 10400 10400

10200 10129

10000 9959 9880 9858 9851 9800

9600 9595 Population 9400 9364 9365 9200

9000

8800

8600 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016 Year

Source: U.S. Census Bureauii

The following table indicates the State of Nebraska has a higher percentage of people under the age of five than Wayne County but similar cohorts of the other two categories. It is important to note the median age of the county is almost 18% lower compared to the state, indicating an overall larger population of younger people. This is relevant to hazard mitigation as very young and old populations may be at greater risk from certain hazards than others. For a more elaborate discussion of this vulnerability, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

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Table WCO.2: Population by Age Age Wayne County State of Nebraska <5 5.2% 7.2% 5-64 81% 79.2% >64 13.6% 13.6% Median 30.7 36.2 Source: U.S. Census Bureauiii

The following table indicates that median household income in Wayne County is higher than the State of Nebraska, but the per capita income is lower when compared to the state. Median home value and rent are lower than the rest of the state. These economic indicators are relevant to hazard mitigation because they indicate the relative economic strength compared to the state. Areas with economic indicators which are relatively low may influence a county’s level of resilience during hazardous events. There are no mobile home parks located in unincorporated areas.

Table WCO.3: Housing and Income Wayne County State of Nebraska Median Household Income $55,141 $52,997 Per Capita Income $26,732 $27,882 Median Home Value $129,100 $133,200 Median Rent $546 $726 Source: U.S. Census Bureauiv,v

The following figure indicates that most of the housing in Wayne County was built prior to 1970 (55.2%). According to 2011-2016 ACS 5-year estimates, the county has 3,833 housing units with 93.1% of those units occupied. There are approximately 100 mobile homes in the county. The current Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) was developed in February of 2008. Housing age can serve as an indicator of risk as structures built prior to state building codes may be at greater risk. Finally, residents that live in mobile homes may be more vulnerable to the impacts of high winds, tornados, and severe winter storms. In Wayne County, several mobile homes are located throughout the county.

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Figure WCO.3: Housing Units by Year Built 35.0%

30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

Percent Percent ofHomes 10.0%

5.0%

0.0%

Year Built

Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureauvi

Table WCO.4: Housing Units Jurisdiction Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units Occupied Vacant Owner Renter

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Wayne County 3,567 93.1% 266 6.9% 2,241 62.8% 1,326 37.2% Nebraska 736,613 91.0% 73,198 9.0% 487,948 66.2% 248,665 33.8% Source: U.S. Census Bureauvii

Major Employers The following table presents the number of establishments, number of paid employees, and the annual pay role in thousands of dollars. This information is relevant to hazard mitigation insofar as it indicates the diversification of industry. Communities which have a diverse economic makeup may be more resilient following a hazardous event, especially if certain industries are more impacted than others.

Table WCO.5: Business in Wayne County Number of Paid Annual Payroll Total Businesses Employees (in thousands) 241 3,194 $94,427 Source: U.S Census Bureauviii

Agriculture is also important to the economic fabric of Wayne County, and the state of Nebraska as a whole. Crop and livestock production are the visible parts of the agricultural economy, but many related businesses contribute as well by producing, processing and marketing farm and food products. These businesses generate income, employment and economic activity throughout the region.

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Table WCO.6: Wayne County Agricultural Inventory Wayne County Agricultural Inventory Number of Farms 485 Land in Farms 281,283 Livestock Sales $94,725,000 Crop Sales $129,086,000 Source: USDA 2017 Census of Agricultureix

Future Development Trends Since the last mitigation plan there has been some impacts to the local area. One of the most notable is the demolishing of several farmsteads. There are also new housing and acreages, particularly in the Hoskins area. The mitigation planners are not aware of any new structures located in the floodplain. There is a new housing development planned, the Tuffern Blue Estates near 575 Avenue and 857 Road. The newest business planned in the area is wind turbines in Western Wayne County.

Structural Inventory and Valuation GIS parcel data was requested from GIS Workshop, which the county hires to manage the County Assessor data. This data was analyzed for the location, number, and value of property improvements at the parcel level. The data did not contain the number of structures on each parcel. A summary of the results of this analysis is provided in the following table.

Table WCO.7: Structural Inventory/Parcel Improvements Total Mean Value of Number of Value of Number of Improvement Improvements per Improvements in Improvements Improvements Value Parcel Floodplain in Floodplain 4,559 $442,581,930 $97,079 610 $51,693,975 Source: GIS Workshop/Wayne County Assessorx

Critical Infrastructure/Key Resources Chemical Storage Fixed Sites According to the Tier II System reports submitted to the Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, there are a total of eight chemical storage sites in Wayne County. For a description and location of the other chemical sites located in incorporated areas, please see the jurisdiction’s participant section.

Table WCO.8: Chemical Storage Fixed Sites Facility Name Address City Floodplain Great Dane LLC 1200 Centennial Rd Wayne No Helena Chemical Company 110 S Windom Dr Wayne No Fredrickson Oil Co 3110 N Highway 15 Wayne Yes Farmers Co-op Winside 502 Main St Winside No Wayne Municipal Airport 2304 E Highway 35 Wayne No Farmers Pride Propane 214 S Douglas St Wayne No Helena Chemical Company 58395 849th Rd Pender No Central Valley Ag 85754 Highway 35 Wakefield No Source: Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy, 2018xi

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Critical Facilities Each participating jurisdiction identified critical facilities vital for disaster response, providing shelter to the public (i.e. Red Cross Shelter), and essential for returning the jurisdiction’s functions to normal during and after a disaster. Critical facilities were identified during the original planning process and updated by the local planning team as a part of this plan update. The following table and figure provide a summary of the critical facilities for the jurisdiction.

Table WCO.9: Critical Facilities CF Red Cross Name Generator Floodplain Number Shelter 1 Wayne County Communications Equipment N Y N 2 Wayne County Courthouse N N N Wayne County Road Department Maintenance 3 N N N Yard

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Figure WCO.4: Critical Facilities

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Historical Occurrences The following table provides a statistical summary for hazards that have occurred in the county. The property damages from the NCEI Storm Events Database (January 1996 – December 2018) should be considered only as broad estimates. Sources include but are not limited to: emergency management; local law enforcement; Skywarn spotters; NWS damage surveys; newspaper clipping services; insurance industry; and the general public. Crop damages are from the USDA Risk Management Agency (RMA) between 2000 and 2017.

Table WCO.10: Severe Weather Events Property Hazard Type Count Crop Damage2 Damage Animal Disease10 4 203 Animals N/A Agricultural Disease Plant Disease2 7 N/A $42,319 Chemical Spills – Fixed Site4 3 $75 N/A Chemical Spills – Transportation6 2 $0 N/A Dam Failure5 0 $0 N/A 364/1,487 Drought8 $0 $71,229,659 months Earthquake7 0 $0 $0

Extreme Heat9 3 days/year N/A $8,986,088

Flash Flood 9 $65,000 Flooding1 $4,785 Flood 1 $30,000 3 Grass/Wildfires 197 882 acres $11,923 1 Injury Hail1 69 $0 $2,198,858 High Winds1 16 $5,000 $628,153 Levee Failure11 0 N/A N/A Thunderstorm Wind 34 $34,000 N/A Severe Thunderstorms1 Heavy Rain 0 $0 $1,484,729 Lightning 1 $14,000 N/A Blizzard 10 $0 Extreme Cold/Wind Chill 8 $0 Heavy Snow 6 $0 Severe Winter Storms1 $296,647 Ice Storm 1 $0 Winter Storm 36 $0 Winter Weather 16 $0 Terrorism12 0 $0 N/A 1 Tornadoes 8 $4,575,000 $1,156,115 15 Injuries Total 428 $4,723,075 $86,039,276 N/A: Data not available 1 NCEI (January 1996-2018) 2 USDA RMA (2000-2017) 3 NFS (2000-2017) 4 U.S. Coast Guard NRC (1990-2018) 5 Stanford NPDP (1911-2016) 6 PHMSA (1980-2017) 7 USGS (1872-2017) 8 NCDC (1895-2018)

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9 High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC) (1897-2018) 10 NDA (2014-2017) 11 United States Army Corps of Engineers (2010) 12 Global Terrorism Database (1970-2017) in. = inches; EG = Estimated Gust

County Hazard Prioritization For more information regarding these area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following discussion provides county-specific information, reported in Wayne County Risk Assessment Summary, relevant to each hazard. Only hazards identified either as a concern to the county by the local planning team or based on the occurrence and risk of the hazard to the county are discussed in detail below.

Agricultural Animal & Plant Disease This is a major concern to the area due to the agricultural nature of the local economy. This was seen in the May 2015 Avian Influenza outbreak where the local economy was impacted. Cows, pigs, and chickens are the main livestock populations at risk from this kind of hazard. The county has an agricultural disease response plan incorporated into the Wayne County Local Emergency Operations Plan (LEOP). There are no markets or auctions in Wayne County with the largest livestock concentration occurring annually during the county fair. Education programs are run through the Extension Office and include pesticide and livestock quality assurance and is available on the Extension Office’s website.

Flooding In the past five years there have been three flooding events caused damage in Wayne County. In May 2015, June 2018, and March 2019 that caused damage to roads, bridges, and culverts across the county. Flash flooding is considered more serious than riverine flooding in the county. The northwest, eastern, and southwest portions of Wayne County are the most susceptible to flooding. Throughout the county there are no major bodies of water except for a smaller lake north of Wayne and a few ponds. The creeks running through the county are the biggest concern for flooding as these are prone to flash floods.

Grass/Wildfires These are a risk across the county as grass fires not suppressed in a timely manner might engulf a farm or home. In March 2018 a significant field fire required mutual aid activation of fire departments, County Roads, and local farmers with discs to control the fire. The county does not have a fire department but Wayne, Wakefield, Carroll, Hoskins, and Winside all have fire departments capable of responding. There is no planning or zoning in Wayne County to develop a wildland-urban interface code or impose defensive space requirements on private property.

Severe Thunderstorms In July 2014 a severe thunderstorm in northern Wayne County caused tree damage and powerline damage. This impacted northern Wayne County, Wayne and Wakefield. Municipal records are protected by surge protectors in county buildings.

Tornadoes Tornadoes have impacted the entire population of Wayne County. Three tornadoes since 2013 occurred in the county damaging large areas and disrupting cell phone towers and overall communications for six hours. The Wayne Tornado of October 2013 destroyed several homes and buildings on the east side of Wayne and destroyed powerlines that impacted cellphone communications. The Twin Tornadoes in June 2014 destroyed powerlines on the east side of the

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 10 Section Seven: Wayne County Community Profile county. The Hoskins-Area Tornadoe in June 2017 destroyed trees and outbuildings and downed powerlines. All municipal data is backed up off site and on external hard drives. Critical facilities were torn up each time there was a tornado, especially on the power grid. Wayne, Wakefield, and Winside all have warning sirens that are activated from their respective dispatch centers. Carroll and Hoskins have manually activated warning sirens. There are no FFEMA approved saferooms in the county and residents must rely on basements and interior rooms. Wayne County can issue alerts via a mass notification system drawing data from the National Weather Service. Wayne County participates in Severe Weather Awareness Week to recruit people to sign up for mass notification texts.

Governance A community’s governance structure impacts its capability to implement mitigation actions. Wayne County is governed by a three member board of commmissioners. The county also has the following offices and departments:

• County Clerk • County Assessor • County Treasurer • Emergency Management • Highway Superintendent • Floodplain Administrator • Sheriff’s Office • Surveyor • County Attorney • Clerk of the District Court • Veteran’s Service Office

Capability Assessment The capability assessment consisted of two main components. A Capability Assessment Survey completed by the jurisdiction and a review of local existing policies, regulations, plans, and the programs. The survey is used to gather information regarding the jurisdiction’s planning and regulatory capability; administrative and technical capability; fiscal capability; and educational and outreach capability.

Table WCO.11: Capability Assessment Survey Components/Subcomponents Yes/No Comprehensive Plan Yes Capital Improvements Plan No Economic Development Plan No Emergency Operational Plan Yes Planning Floodplain Management Plan No & Storm Water Management Plan No Regulatory Capability Zoning Ordinance No Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance No Floodplain Ordinance No Building Codes No National Flood Insurance Program Yes

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Survey Components/Subcomponents Yes/No Community Rating System No Other (if any) - Planning Commission No Floodplain Administration Yes GIS Capabilities Yes Administrative Chief Building Official No & Civil Engineering No Technical Local Staff Who Can Assess Community’s Yes Capability Vulnerability to Hazards Grant Manager No Mutual Aid Agreement Yes Other (if any) - Capital Improvement Plan/ 1 & 6 Year plan Yes Applied for grants in the past No Awarded a grant in the past No Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes such No as Mitigation Projects Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees No Capability Storm Water Service Fees No Water/Sewer Service Fees No Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds Yes Other (if any) - Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access and functional needs No populations, etc. Ex. CERT Teams, Red Cross, etc. Education Ongoing public education or information program & (e.g., responsible water use, fire safety, household No Outreach preparedness, environmental education) Capability Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs No StormReady Certification No Firewise Communities Certification No Tree City USA No Other (if any) -

Overall Capability Limited/Moderate/High Does your community have the financial resources needed to Limited implement mitigation projects? Does your community have the staff/expertise to implement Limited projects? Does your community have the community support to Limited implement projects? Does your community staff have the time to devote to hazard Limited mitigation?

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Plan Integration Wayne County has comprehensive plan which was last updated in 1991. Due to the age of the plan no hazard mitigation principles have been incorporated. The county also has a Local Emergency Response Plan (LEOP). The LEOP addresses hazards of greatest concern, identifies evacuation routes, and lists sheltering locations.

No other examples of plan integration were identified. There are currently no plans to further integrate existing or future planning mechanisms.

Mitigation Strategy Completed Mitigation Actions

Action Emergency Communications Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Status This project was completed in September 2018 using the inheritance tax fund.

Ongoing and New Mitigation Actions

Action Alert Sirens Perform an evaluation of existing alert sirens in order to determine which sirens Analysis should be replaced or to inform the placement of new sirens. Hazard(s) Addressed Tornadoes, High Winds, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $15,000+ Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 Years Priority Medium Lead Agency Emergency Management Status Not Started, New Action

Action Backup Generator Provide a portable or stationary source of backup power to redundant power Analysis supplies, municipal wells, lift stations, critical facilities, and shelters. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $3,500+ depending on site requirements Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 Years Priority Medium Lead Agency Emergency Management Status Not Started, New Action

Action Comprehensive City/Village Disaster / Emergency Response Plan Create or update Comprehensive City/Village Disaster and Emergency Analysis Response Plan. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $6,000+ Emergency Management Performance Grant, Homeland Security Funding, Potential Funding LENRD, Governing County & Local Governing Agency Timeline 5+ Years Priority High Lead Agency Emergency Management In Progress. The county updates the emergency response plan on a regular Status basis.

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Action Grade Control Structures Stream bed degradation can occur along many rivers and creeks. Grade Analysis control structures including sheet-pile weirs, rock weirs, ponds, road dams, etc. can be implemented to maintain the channel bed. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $50,000 to $100,000 per site Potential Funding USACE, PDM, HMGP, LENRD, Governing County & Local Governing Agency Timeline 5+ Years Priority Medium Lead Agency County Highway Superintendent In Progress. The county uses grade control structures if needed when issues Status arise.

Action Public Awareness Through activities such as outreach projects, distribution of maps and environmental education increase public awareness of natural hazards to both public and private property owners, renters, businesses, and local officials Analysis about hazards and ways to protect people and property from these hazards. Also, educate citizens on water conservation methods, evacuation plans, etc. In addition, purchasing equipment such as overhead projectors and laptops. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $0-$5,000+ Potential Funding HMGP, PDM, LENRD, Governing County & Local Governing Agency Timeline 5+ Years Priority Low Lead Agency Emergency Management In Progress. The county has several education outreach materials and would Status like to continue to provide that service.

Action River/ Stream Bank Stabilization Bank degradation is occurring along many rivers and creeks. Stabilization Analysis improvements including rock rip rap, vegetative cover, j-hooks, boulder vanes, etc. can be implemented to reestablish the channel banks. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost Varies greatly with size and length of channel requiring bank stabilization. Potential Funding HMGP, PDM, LENRD, Governing County & Local Governing Agency Timeline 5+ Years Priority Low Lead Agency County Highway Superintendent Status In Progress. The county fixes issues as they are found.

Action Safe Room / Storm Shelter Design and construct storm shelters and safe rooms in highly vulnerable areas Analysis such as mobile home parks, campgrounds, school, and other areas. Hazard(s) Addressed Tornadoes, High Winds, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $200-$250 per square foot Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 Years Priority Medium Lead Agency Emergency Management Status Not Started, New Action

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Action Static Detectors Static detectors are designed to detect lightning strikes and can predict the distance to the lightning strike and whether a storm is approaching o moving Analysis away from the detector. Deploying a static detector at outdoor events can warn of approaching, fast moving, storms, and associated lightning, thus helping officials to respond appropriately. Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $250+ Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 Years Priority Medium Lead Agency Emergency Management Status Not Started, New Action

Action Stormwater System and Drainage Improvements Analysis Deepen drainage ditches and clean out culverts. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $5,000+ Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ Years Priority Medium Lead Agency County Highway Superintendent Status Ongoing. The county cleans out culverts when issues are identified.

Removed Mitigation Actions

Action Tree City USA – Tree Maintenance Programs Work to become a Tree City USA through the National Arbor Day Foundation in order to receive direction, technical assistance, and public education on how to establish a tree maintenance program in order to maintain trees in a Analysis community to limited potential damages when a storm event occurs. The four main requirements include: 1) Establish a tree board; 2) Enact a tree care ordinance; 3) Establish a forestry care program; 4) Enact an Arbor Day observance and proclamation. Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, High Winds, Severe Winter Storms This action was removed because the county is not able to be a participant in Status Tree City USA.

Action Weather Radio Conduct an inventory of weather radios at schools and other critical facilities Analysis and provide new radios as needed. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards No longer needed. The county has gone to an alerting system that sends out alerts via text, phone call, and email. The system automatically sends out to Status subscribers the watches and warnings from the National Weather Service that the user subscribes to receive. It will also send out notifications and emergency alerts that are manually entered.

Action Work with other Utility Providers for Mutual Aid Analysis Work with other Utility Providers for Mutual Aid Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Status Wayne County does not operate any utilities, so this action was removed.

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i Center for Applied Rural Innovation. “Topographic Regions Map of Nebraska.” 2001. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/caripubs/62. ii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: S0101: Age and Sex.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov. iii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: S0101: Age and Sex.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov. iv United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov. v United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov. vi United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov. vii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov. viii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: Geography Area Series County Business Patterns 2015 Business Patterns.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov. ix US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Server. 2019. “2017 Census of Agriculture – County Data.” https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2017/index.php. x Wayne County Assessors. Personal correspondence, February 2019. xi Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy. “Search Tier II Data.” Accessed August 2017. https://deq-iis.ne.gov/tier2/search.faces.

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VILLAGE OF HOSKINS

Lower Elkhorn Natural Resources District Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Update

2020

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 1 Section Seven: Village of Hoskins Community Profile

Local Planning Team

Table HSK.1: Hoskins Local Planning Team Name Title Jurisdiction Richard Seier Board Member Village of Hoskins Beth Bonderson Clerk Village of Hoskins

Location and Geography The Village of Hoskins is in the southwest corner of Wayne County, approximately 17 miles southwest of the County Seat of Wayne and eight miles northeast of Norfolk. The village covers an area of 0.31 square miles. Nebraska Highway 90A is the main transportation corridor. There is one major waterway near the village, the Scheurich Reservoir located a mile to the north and close to 561st Avenue, a notable north-and-south transportation corridor.

Figure HSK.1: Village of Hoskins

Transportation The Village of Hoskins has one significant transportation corridor, Nebraska Highway 90A, which runs north-and-south through the center of the village, becomes main street in the village limits, and averages 980 vehicles per day.i This spur road connects Hoskins to Nebraska Highway 35 and 848th Road, and the remainder of the county. Transportation information is important to

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 2 Section Seven: Village of Hoskins Community Profile hazard mitigation plans because it suggests possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

There are three main routes of transportation of concern to mitigation planners: Main Street, East 2nd Street, and Spencer Street. A variety of chemicals are transported along each of these routes. These hazardous materials typically reflect the agricultural, industrial, and energy needs of the local economy.

Demographics Hoskins’s population grew from 283 people in 2000 to 288 people in 2016, an increase of five people. Although the population is relatively stable shifting internal demographics may impact hazard mitigation priorities. Hoskins’s population accounted for 3% of Wayne County’s population of 9,365 in 2016.ii

Figure HSK.2: Population 1930 - 2016 350 306 307 283 285 288 300 271 255 250 212 179 200 171

150 Axis Title

100

Year

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

The young, elderly, minorities, and poor may be more vulnerable to certain hazards than other groups. In comparison to Wayne County, Hoskins’s population was:

• Older. The median age of Hoskins was 45.7 years old in 2016, compared with the county average of 30.7 years. Hoskins’s population grew slightly younger since 2009, when the median age was 46.8 years old. Hoskins had a smaller proportion of people under 20 years old (22.1%) than Wayne County (29.3%).iii • No ethnic diversity. Since 2010, Hoskins maintained a 0% population of Hispanic or Latino personnel. In 2010, Hoskins’s population was 0% Hispanic or Latino and remained 0% though 2016. During that time, the Hispanic or Latino population in Wayne County grew from 3.7% in 2010 to 5.4% in 2016.iv • Less likely to be below the federal poverty line. The poverty rate in Hoskins (2.5% of families living below the federal poverty line) was lower than Wayne County’s poverty rate (4.4%) in 2016.v

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Employment and Economics The Wayne County major economic base is a mixture of education/healthcare/social services (31.7%), manufacturing (11.4%), and agriculture (11%). In comparison to the county, The Village of Hoskins economy had:

• Diverse mix of industries. Hoskins major employment sectors, accounting for 10% or more of employment each, were: manufacturing (20.1%), arts, entertainment and accommodation (13.2%), education/healthcare/social services (13.2%), retail (11.1%) and construction (9.7%).vi • Lower household income. Hoskins median household income in 2016 $48,750 was $6,391 lower than the county ($55,141).vii • Fewer long-distance commuters. A total of 31.1% percent of workers in Hoskins commuted for fewer than 15 minutes, compared with 58.8% of workers in Wayne County. An additional 11.1% Workers in Hoskins commute 30 minutes or more to work, compared to 17.6% of the county workers.viii

Major Employers Major employers within Hoskins include Hoskins Manufacturing, the Bank, the Post Office, Rhies Automotive, Wheeley Bar and Grill, BSE Racing Parts, and Just Chillin’ Ice, LLC. A large percentage of residents commute to Norfolk and Wayne for employment.

Housing In comparison to Wayne County, Hoskins’s housing stock was:

• More owner-occupied. Of occupied housing units in Hoskins, 92.2% are owner-occupied compared with 62.8% of occupied housing in Wayne County.ix • Older. Hoskins had a larger share of housing built prior to 1970 than Wayne County (61.8% compared to 55.2%). x • No multifamily. The predominant housing type in Hoskins is single family detached, Hoskins contains no multifamily housing with five or more units per structure, unlike Wayne County (0% compared to 11.9%). The housing in Hoskins is 88.7% single-family detached, compared with 74.4% of the county’s housing. Hoskins has a significantly larger share of mobile housing (10.4%) compared to the county (2.6%).xi Mobile homes are located along the western edge of the village.

This housing information is relevant to hazard mitigation as the age of housing may indicate which housing units were built prior to state building codes being developed. Further, unoccupied housing may suggest that future development may be less likely to occur. Finally, communities with a substantial number of mobile homes may be more vulnerable to the impacts of high winds, tornadoes, and severe winter storms.

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Figure HSK.3: Housing in Hoskins, Nebraska 18.0%

16.0% 15.5% 14.5% 13.6% 14% 14.0% 12.9%

12.0% 10.5% 10.8% 10.0%

8.0%

6.0% 5.1% Percent Percent ofHomes

4.0% 2.3% 2.0% 0.9%

0.0%

Year Built

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Future Development Trends Since the previous mitigation plan the mobile home park on the west side of Hoskins has been removed. Two new houses were built on 5th Street, some multifamily dwellings, and some storage units were also constructed. The overall population of Hoskins remained stable since the previous mitigation plan and this is attributed to the close proximity to Norfolk. There are no new housing developments, businesses, or industries planned at this time.

Structural Inventory and Valuation The planning team requested GIS parcel data from the County Assessor. This data allowed the planning team to analyze the location, number, and value of property improvements at the parcel level. The data did not contain the number of structures on each parcel. A summary of the results of this analysis is provided in the following table.

Table HSK.2: Structural Inventory/Parcel Improvements Total Mean Value of Number of Value of Number of Improvement Improvements per Improvements in Improvements Improvements Value Parcel Floodplain in Floodplain 131 $9,911,315 $75,659 11 $837,670 Source: Nebraska Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Divisionxii

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Critical Facilities Each participating jurisdiction identified critical facilities vital for disaster response, providing shelter to the public, and essential for returning the jurisdiction’s functions to normal during and after a disaster. Critical facilities were identified during the original planning process and updated by the local planning team as a part of this plan update. The following table and figure provide a summary of the critical facilities for the jurisdiction.

Table HSK.3: Critical Facilities Located in CF Red Cross Generator Name Floodplain Number Shelter (Y/N) (Y/N) (Y/N) 1 Bank N N N 2 Community Center N Y N 3 Fire Department N N N 4 Hoskins Manufacturing N N N 5 Post Office N N N 6 Telephone Office N Y N Trinity Lutheran Church and 7 N N N School 8 Wastewater Lagoons N N N 9 Water Tower and Well N Y N

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Figure HSK.4: Critical Facilities

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Historical Occurrences See the Wayne County community profile for historical hazard events.

Hazard Prioritization For an in-depth discussion regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The hazards discussed in detail below were prioritized by the local planning team based on the identification of hazards of greatest concern, hazard history, and the jurisdiction’s capabilities.

Chemical Spills – Transportation There have been no reported large chemical spills for the community, however the does not mean there is no risk. There are three main transportation routes of concern to the local planning team: Main Street, East 2nd Street, and Spencer Street. A variety of chemicals are transported along each of these routes. The bank, post office, community center, and fire department are all located along main street. If a large spill were to occur, it could potentially impact those facilities as well as the rest of the community.

Flooding NCEI data shows that Hoskins has experienced two flood events since 1996. On June 8th-11th 2010, heavy rain caused flooding of small streams and creeks. Some county roads and a bridge were damaged. The estimated property damage was $30,000. Hoskins participates in the National Flood Insurance Program but does not have any policies in-force. The floodplain for the village is located along the north and east sides of the community.

High Winds High wind events are reported as zonal in nature, which means county information is the most detailed available. Wayne County has experienced 16 high wind events since 1996, however it is unknow whether any of those impacted the Village of Hoskins. As reported by the local planning team, approximately 5 percent of the power lines are buried and there is still a high chance of power outage due to strong winds.

Severe Thunderstorms Hoskins has experienced three severe thunderstorm wind events since 1996. None of the events resulted in property damage but the largest magnitude event had wind gusts of 90 mph. In the event of power loss, the community center, water tower/well, and telephone office all have backup power generators.

Severe Winter Storms Similar to high winds, severe winter storms are classified as zonal in nature. Wayne County has 77 severe winter storms including blizzards, extreme cold, heavy snow, ice storms, winter storms, and winter weather. The village streets are cleared by village staff using village-owned snow removal equipment.

Tornadoes NCEI data shows that Hoskins has experienced one tornado event since 1996. The tornado was an EF0 in 2017 and did not result in any property damage. There is not a public safe room or shelter in the community and local residents use their own basement as shelter during extreme events. There is a mobile home park in the village, but no safety options are available on site.

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Governance A community’s governance indicates the number of boards or offices that may be available to help implement hazard mitigation actions. Hoskins has a number of offices or departments that may be involved in implementing hazard mitigation initiatives. The Hoskins has five board members and the following offices that may help implement mitigation actions.

• Board Chairperson • Clerk • Utility Superintendent • Street superintendent • Volunteer Fire Department • EMS Captain

Capability Assessment The capability assessment consisted of a survey completed by the jurisdiction and a review of local existing policies, regulations, plans, and the programs. This survey is used to gather information regarding the jurisdiction’s planning and regulatory capability; administrative and technical capability; fiscal capability; and educational and outreach capability.

Table HSK.4: Capability Assessment Survey Components/Subcomponents Yes/No Comprehensive Plan Yes Capital Improvements Plan Yes Economic Development Plan No Emergency Operational Plan Yes Floodplain Management Plan Yes Planning Storm Water Management Plan No & Zoning Ordinance Yes Regulatory Capability Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance Yes Floodplain Ordinance No Building Codes No National Flood Insurance Program Yes Community Rating System No Other (if any) - Planning Commission No Floodplain Administration No GIS Capabilities No Administrative Chief Building Official No & Civil Engineering No Technical Local Staff Who Can Assess Community’s No Capability Vulnerability to Hazards Grant Manager No Mutual Aid Agreement No Other (if any) - Fiscal Capital Improvement Plan/ 1 & 6 Year plan Yes

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Survey Components/Subcomponents Yes/No Capability Applied for grants in the past Yes Awarded a grant in the past Yes Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes such as Yes Mitigation Projects Gas/Electric Service Fees No Storm Water Service Fees No Water/Sewer Service Fees Yes Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds No Other (if any) - Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access and functional needs No populations, etc. Ex. CERT Teams, Red Cross, etc. Education Ongoing public education or information program & (e.g., responsible water use, fire safety, household No Outreach preparedness, environmental education) Capability Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs No StormReady Certification No Firewise Communities Certification No Tree City USA No Other (if any) Yes, NRD

Plan Integration Hoskin’s comprehensive plan and building code were most recently updated in 2003. Natural hazards discussed in the comprehensive plan include flooding, tornadoes, and high winds. The comprehensive plan directs development away from the floodplain, chemical storage facilities, and major transportation routes. It also limits density in hazard areas, encourages elevation of structures in the floodplain, and encourages infill development. The zoning ordinance for the village was last updated in 2016. The ordinance discourages development in the floodplain.

The village’s Local Emergency Operations Plan (LEOP) was last updated in 2018 and is an annex to the county’s plan. The LEOP address hazards of greatest concern, identifies scenarios that would require evacuation, and lists sheltering locations. Local planning team members indicated that the village board and village staff are familiar with the LEOP.

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No other examples of plan integration were identified. There are currently no plans to further integrate existing or future planning mechanisms.

Mitigation Strategy Ongoing and New Mitigation Actions

Action Comprehensive City/Village Disaster/Emergency Response Plan Create or update Comprehensive City/Village Disaster and Emergency Analysis Response Plan Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $6,000+ Emergency Management Performance Grant, Homeland Security Funding, Potential Funding LENRD, Governing County & Local Governing Agency Timeline 5+ Years Priority Low Lead Agency Village Board Ongoing. The village participates with the county on any emergency response Status plan update.

Action Improve and Revise Snow/Ice Removal Program As needed, continue to revise and improve the snow and ice removal program for streets. Revisions should address situations such as plowing snow, ice Analysis removal, parking during snow and ice removal, and removal of associated storm debris. This would include equipment that is needed and paving routes. Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storms Estimated Cost $20,000 + Potential Funding PDM, NEMA, LENRD, Governing County & Local Governing Agency Timeline 5+ Years Priority Low Lead Agency Maintenance Department Status Not Started

Action Mutual Aid Analysis Work with other Utility Providers for Mutual Aid Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost Staff Time Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Village Board Ongoing. The village currently works with utility providers for mutual aid and Status would like to continue this into the future.

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Action Power and Service Lines Communities can work with their local Public Power District or Electricity Department to identify vulnerable transmission and distribution lines and plan to bury lines underground or retrofit existing structures/infrastructure to be less vulnerable to storm events. Electrical utilities shall be required to use underground construction methods where possible for future installation of power lines. Activities could include: Replacing damaged/aging power poles Analysis lines and removing unused lines from poles; burying power lines; install pad mounted transformers; elevating transformers above floodplain; adding guy wire and support; removing large diameter communication lines; replacing damaged poles with higher class; using multiple poles or dead end structures to support; replacing porcelain cutout; ice-proof cutouts; and use dead head poles. Hazard(s) Addressed Tornadoes, High Winds, Severe Winter Storms, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $2,000,000/mile for burying Potential Funding HMGP, PDM, LENRD, Governing County & Local Governing Agency Timeline 5+ Years Priority Low Lead Agency Utilities Superintendent, NPPD Status Ongoing. The village buries power lines when funding is available.

Action Public Awareness Water system improvements to include additional fire hydrants/increase supply Analysis and pressure. High pressure is needed in the event of an emergency to effectively fight fires and also to meet increasing demands Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $50,000+ Potential Funding CDGB, SRF, LENRD, Governing County & Local Governing Agency Timeline 5+ Years Priority Low Lead Agency Utilities Superintendent Status Not Started

Action Stormwater System and Drainage Improvements Smaller communities may utilize stormwater systems comprising of ditches and culverts to convey runoff. Undersized systems can contribute to localized Analysis flooding. Drainage improvements may include ditch upsizing, ditch cleanout and culvert improvements. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $10,000-$50,000 for smaller communities, $100,000+ for larger Potential Funding HMGP, PDM, CDBG, LENRD, Governing County & Local Governing Agency Timeline 5+ Years Priority Medium Lead Agency Village Maintenance Status Ongoing. As issues arise the village fixes them.

Removed Actions

Action Continue Participation in NFIP Analysis Maintain good standing with National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding FEMA no longer considers this a mitigation and this action was removed from Status the plan.

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i Nebraska Department of Transportation. “Statewide Traffic Flow Map.” Accessed December 2018. https://dot.nebraska.gov/media/2510/2014-statewide-traffic-flow-map.pdf. ii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: S0101: Age and Sex.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. iii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: S0101: Age and Sex.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. iv United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP05: ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. v United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. vi United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. vii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. viii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: S0802: Means of Transportation to Work by Selected Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. ix United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. x United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. xi United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. xii County Assessor. Personal correspondence, February 2019. xiii Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy. “Search Tier II Data.” Accessed December 2018. https://deq-iis.ne.gov/tier2/search.faces.

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CITY OF WAKEFIELD

Lower Elkhorn Natural Resources District Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Update

2020

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Local Planning Team

Table WKF.1: Wakefield Local Planning Team Name Title Jurisdiction Jim Litchfield City Administrator/PWD City of Wakefield Mike Mogus Utility Superintendent City of Wakefield Paul Eaton Mayor City of Wakefield

Location and Geography The City of Wakefield is collocated in southern Dixon County and Northern Wayne County, approximately eight miles northeast of the county seat of Wayne. The city covers an area of 0.94 square miles. There are two waterways located near the city. The tributary South Logan Creek forms a confluence with the main stem Logan Creek Dredge north of Wakefield and flows to the southeast.

Figure WKF.1: City of Wakefield

Transportation The City of Wakefield has one major transportation corridor, Nebraska Highway 35, which runs north-and-south on the eastern side of the city and becomes Oak Street when running through the city limits. This corridor averages 3,750 vehicles per day.i The biggest transportation concern

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 2 Section Seven: City of Wakefield Community Profile for the planning team is Highway 35. Transportation information is important to hazard mitigation plans because it suggests possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

Demographics The City of Wakefield’s population declined from about 1,411 people in 2000 to 1,389 people in 2016, a decrease of 1.6%. Although the population is relatively stable, shifting internal demographics may impact hazard mitigation priorities. Wakefield’s population accounted for 14.8% of Wayne County’s population of 9,365 or Dixon County’s population of 23.1% in 2016.ii

Figure WKF.2: Population 1930 - 2016 1,600 1,451 1,411 1,389 1,400 1,160 1,112 1,125 1,200 1,068 1,082 1,027 961 1,000

800

Population 600

400

200

Year

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

The young, elderly, minorities, and poor may be more vulnerable to certain hazards than other groups. In comparison to Wayne County, Wakefield’s population was:

• Older. The median age of Wakefield was 38.1 years old in 2016, compared with the Wayne County average of 30.7 years. Wakefield’s population grew older since 2009, when the median age was 31.8 years old. Wakefield had a larger proportion of people under 20 years old (28.7%) to Wayne County (29.3%).iii • Remained ethnically diverse. Since 2010, Wakefield remained ethnically diverse. In 2010, Wakefield’s population was 38.2% Hispanic or Latino. By 2016, Wakefield’s population declined slightly 36.5% Hispanic or Latino. During that time, the Hispanic or Latino population in Wayne County grew from 3.7% in 2010 to 5.4% in 2016.iv • More likely to be below the federal poverty line. The poverty rate in Wakefield (7.7% of families living below the federal poverty line) was higher than Wayne County’s poverty rate (4.4%) in 2016.v

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• Diverse mix of industries. Wakefield major employment sectors, accounting for 10% or more of employment each, were: Manufacturing (31.8%), educational/health/social services (18.7%), and retail (13.1%).vi • Lower household income. Wakefield median household income in 2016 was $54,830. This is $311 lower than the county ($55,141).vii • Fewer long-distance commuters. A total of 72.9% percent of workers in Wakefield commuted for fewer than 15 minutes, compared with 58.8% of workers in Wayne County. An additional 11% of workers in Wakefield commute 30 minutes or more to work, compared to 17.6% of the county workers.viii

Major Employers Major employers within Wakefield include Michaels Foods and Central Valley Ag. A small percentage of residents commute to Wayne for employment.

Housing In comparison to Wayne County, Wakefield’s housing stock was:

• More owner-occupied. Of occupied housing units in Wakefield, 69.6% are owner- occupied compared with 62.8% of occupied housing in Wayne County.ix • Older. Wakefield had a larger/smaller share of housing built prior to 1970 than Wayne County (63.5% compared to 55.2%). x • More multifamily. The predominant housing type in Wakefield is single family detached, Wakefield contains more multifamily housing with five or more units per structure compared to Wayne County (12.8% compared to 11.9%). The housing in Wakefield is 81.8% single-family detached, compared with 74.4% of the county’s housing. Wakefield has no share of mobile housing (0%) compared to the county (2.6%).xi

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Figure WKF.3: Housing in Wakefield, Nebraska 45.0% 39.5% 40.0%

35.0%

30.0%

25.0%

20.0%

12.9% 15.0% 11.6% Percent Percent ofHomes 9.8% 9.5% 10.0% 8.6% 5.6% 5.0% 2.0% 0.5% 0.0%

Year Built

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Future Development Trends Since the previous mitigation plan, a new housing development was put in on South Main Street. No new businesses or industries were added. According to the 2016 American Community Survey, Wakefield’s population is relatively stable. The local planning team indicated that this could be due to the employment options that Michaels Foods provides. Over the next five years another new housing development is planned along South Main Street.

Table WKF.2: Structural Inventory/Parcel Improvements Total Mean Value of Number of Value of Number of Improvement Improvements per Improvements in Improvements Improvements Value Parcel Floodplain in Floodplain 553 $66,474,970 $120,208 9 $27,340,480 Source: Nebraska Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Divisionxii

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Table WKF.3: Chemical Storage Fixed Sites Facility Name Address In Floodplain (Y/N) Central Valley Ag 85754 Highway 35 Y M G Waldbaum Co 105 N Main St N Source: Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy 2018xiii

Table WKF.4: Critical Facilities Located in CF Red Cross Generator Name Floodplain Number Shelter (Y/N) (Y/N) (Y/N) 1 City Offices N Y N 2 Graves Public Library N N N 3 Humpty Dumpty Daycare N N N 4 Masonic Lodge N N N 5 Museum N N N 6 Post Office N N N 7 Senior Center N N N 8 Wakefield Fire Department N N N 9 Wakefield Healthcare Center N Y N 10 Wakefield Public Schools N N N 11 Wastewater Treatment Plant N N Y 12 Water Tower N N N 13 Water Works N N N

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Figure WKF.4: Critical Facilities

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Historical Occurrences See the Wayne County community profile for historical hazard events.

Chemical Spills – Transportation The transportation route of most concern is Highway 35 which runs north-south along the eastern edge of the city. Farm chemicals are regularly transported along with route throughout the year in addition to other bulk chemicals such as propane and diesel. The local planning team indicated that Michael Foods, the school, and many residential homes are located along Highway 35. If a large spill were to occur, surrounding structures may need to be evacuated.

Flooding Flash flooding is the primary concern for the community. The most recent flood event was in March 2019 when nearby Logan Creek flooded causing damage to nearby farm fields, a trail, and the creek banks. The local planning team indicated that the north end of the community is the area that is most prone to flooding, mostly due to poor stormwater drainage. Wakefield participants in the NFIP but does not have any policies in-force as of 2018.

High Winds Primary concerns regarding high winds is damage to buildings and damage to power lines causing power outages. In the event of power loss, the city has a data backup system for municipal records. The local planning team indicated that the city has not experienced any high wind events recently. The County Emergency Management offers text alerts for severe weather and alert sirens are regularly tested during the storm season.

Levee Failure The City of Wakefield has one levee system which provides protection to the community. The Logan River RB is a FEMA certified levee which provides 100-year protection. The National Levee data base estimates that the levee protects 1,655 people and 766 structures with a property value of $159,000,000.xiv There has been no historical record of this levee failing.

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Figure WKF.5: Leveed Area

Tornadoes NCEI data shows that Wakefield has experienced two tornado events since 1996. An EF2 tornado in 2013 caused $500,000 in damages to three houses, windows, farm equipment, and tree damage. An EF1 tornado in 2014 caused $50,000 in damages to a farm house and power poles. No critical facilities have been damaged by these events. There is an alert siren for the community, and it can be activated by the County Dispatch or fire department. There are safe rooms located at the daycare and schools.

Governance A community’s governance indicates the number of boards or offices that may be available to help implement hazard mitigation actions. Wakefield has a number of offices or departments that may be involved in implementing hazard mitigation initiatives. The City of Wakefield has a mayor and four member city council and the following offices that may help implement mitigation actions.

• Mayor • Council President • City Administrator • Clerk • Utility Foreman • Police Department

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• Volunteer Fire Department

Table WKF.5: Capability Assessment Survey Components/Subcomponents Yes/No Comprehensive Plan Yes Capital Improvements Plan Yes Economic Development Plan Yes Emergency Operational Plan Yes Floodplain Management Plan No Planning Storm Water Management Plan No & Zoning Ordinance Yes Regulatory Capability Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance Yes Floodplain Ordinance Yes Building Codes Yes National Flood Insurance Program Yes Community Rating System No Other (if any) - Planning Commission Yes Floodplain Administration Yes GIS Capabilities No Administrative Chief Building Official Yes & Civil Engineering Yes Technical Local Staff Who Can Assess Community’s Yes Capability Vulnerability to Hazards Grant Manager Yes Mutual Aid Agreement Yes Other (if any) - Capital Improvement Plan/ 1 & 6 Year plan Yes Applied for grants in the past Yes Awarded a grant in the past Yes Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes such as Yes Mitigation Projects Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees Yes Capability Storm Water Service Fees Yes Water/Sewer Service Fees Yes Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds Yes Other (if any) -

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Survey Components/Subcomponents Yes/No Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access and functional needs Yes populations, etc. Ex. CERT Teams, Red Cross, etc. Education Ongoing public education or information program & (e.g., responsible water use, fire safety, household Yes Outreach preparedness, environmental education) Capability Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs Yes StormReady Certification No Firewise Communities Certification No Tree City USA Yes Other (if any) -

Plan Integration Wakefield has a comprehensive plan updated in 2005 and zoning/subdivision regulations updated in 1994. Due to the age of the documents, they have not been integrated with the hazard mitigation plan. The city’s building code is based on the 2012 International Building Code. Other plans include a local emergency operations plan and floodplain regulations.

No other examples of plan integration were identified. There are currently no plans to further integrate existing or future planning mechanisms.

Mitigation Strategy Completed Mitigation Actions

Action Alert Sirens Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Status Complete

Action Business Continuity Plans Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Status Completed in 2019.

Action Improve Subdivisions Design Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Status Completed in 2019.

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Action Participate in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Status Completed. The city is currently a participant in the NFIP.

Action Tree City USA – Tree Maintenance Programs Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, High Winds, Severe Winter Storms Status Completed. Wakefield is a participant in the Tree City USA program.

Action Water Conservation Awareness Programs Hazard(s) Addressed Drought Status Completed in 2019.

Action Water System Improvements Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Status Complete

Ongoing and New Mitigation Actions

Action Backup Generator Provide a portable or stationary source of backup power to redundant power Analysis supplies, municipal wells, lift stations, and other critical facilities and shelters. Hazard(s) Addressed Tornadoes, High Winds, Severe Winter Storms, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $15,000-$30,000 per generator Potential Funding HMGP, LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority High Lead Agency City Administrator Status Not Started

Action Civil Service Improvements Improve Fire Department and Rescue squad equipment and facilities. Providing additional, or updating existing emergency response equipment; this Analysis could include fire trucks, ATV’s, pay loaders, etc. This would also include developing backup systems for emergency vehicles and identifying and training additional personnel for emergency response. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards $5,000 to $400,000 per vehicle, varies depending on what equipment is Estimated Cost needed Potential Funding PDM, NEMA, LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 5+ Years Priority High Lead Agency City Administrator, Fire Department Ongoing. The city purchases new equipment and vehicles when the need Status arises and funding is available.

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Action Comprehensive City Disaster / Emergency Response Plan Create or update Comprehensive City Disaster and Emergency Response Analysis Plan Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $6,000+ Emergency Management Performance Grant, Homeland Security Funding, Potential Funding LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 5+ Years Priority High Lead Agency City Administrator, Fire Department Ongoing. The city regularly updates their section of the county’s emergency Status response plan.

Action Continuity Plans Analysis Develop continuity plans for critical community services Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $500-$1,000 Potential Funding Local Funds, Operating Budgets, Volunteer Time Timeline 2-5 Years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Administrator Status Not Started

Create a City/Village wide Master Plan to Prioritize all Flood Related Action Projects Identify potential flooding sources and flood-vulnerable areas. Explore Analysis solutions and prioritize. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, Dam Failure, Levee Failure Estimated Cost $50,000 - $100,000 Potential Funding HMGP, PDM, LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority Low Lead Agency City Administrator Status Not Started

Action Emergency Communications Establish an action plan to improve communication between agencies to better Analysis assist residents and businesses during and following emergencies. Establish inner-operable communications. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $10,000+ Potential Funding Homeland Security, LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority Medium Lead Agency City Administrator, County Emergency Management Status Not Started

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Action Facilities for Vulnerable Populations Ensure that facilities which will house vulnerable populations are placed in the Analysis least vulnerable areas of the community. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost Staff Time Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority Low Lead Agency City Administrator Status Not Started

Action Formal Evacuation Plan Develop an evacuation plan to be prepared for any disaster that would require Analysis evacuation. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost Staff Time Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority Medium Lead Agency City Administrator, County Emergency Management Status Not Started

Action Grade Control Structures Stream bed degradation can occur along many rivers and creeks. Grade Analysis control structures including sheet-pile weirs, rock weirs, ponds, road dams, etc. Can be implemented to maintain the channel bed. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $50,000 to $100,000 per site Potential Funding USACE, PDM, HMGP, LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority High Lead Agency City Administrator Status Not Started

Action Improve and Revise Snow/Ice Removal Program As needed, continue to revise and improve the snow and ice removal program for streets. Revisions should address situations such as plowing snow, ice Analysis removal, parking during snow and ice removal, and removal of associated storm debris. This would include equipment that is needed and paving routes. Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storms Estimated Cost $20,000+ Potential Funding PDM, NEMA, LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 5+ Years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Administrator, Utility Foreman Status Ongoing. The city annually improves the snow and ice removal program.

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Action Low Impact Development Utilize low impact development practices and green infrastructure to reduce Analysis flood risk Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, Dam Failure, Levee Failure Estimated Cost Staff Time Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 Years Priority Low Lead Agency City Administrator Status Not Started

Action New Municipal Well Evaluate and Install a new well to provide a safe backup water supply for the Analysis community, replace existing wells affected by drought, increase of demand in water, and additional water for fire protection. Hazard(s) Addressed Drought Estimated Cost $350,000 to $450,000 Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), State Revolving Fund (SRF), Potential Funding LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority High Lead Agency Utility Foreman Status Not Started

Action Participate in the Community Rating System (CRS) Participation in the CRS, part of the NFIP, can provide a movement for the Analysis community to undertake a number of projects and activities designed to increase the flooding mitigation efforts. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost Staff Time Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ Years Priority Low Lead Agency City Administrator Status Not Started

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Action Power and Service Lines Communities can work with their local Public Power District or Electricity Department to identify vulnerable transmission and distribution lines and plan to bury lines underground or retrofit existing structures/infrastructure to be less vulnerable to storm events. Electrical utilities shall be required to use underground construction methods where possible for future installation of power lines. Activities could include: Replacing damaged/aging power poles Analysis lines and removing unused lines from poles; burying power lines; install pad mounted transformers; elevating transformers above floodplain; adding guy wire and support; removing large diameter communication lines; replacing damaged poles with higher class; using multiple poles or dead end structures to support; replacing porcelain cutout; ice-proof cutouts; and use dead head poles. Hazard(s) Addressed Tornadoes, High Winds, Severe Winter Storms, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $70,000/mile for burying, other costs vary Potential Funding HMGP, PDM, LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority High Lead Agency Utility Foreman Status Not Started

Action Property Acquisition Encourage flood-prone property owners to voluntarily relinquish/sell that Analysis property to the city. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, Dam Failure, Levee Failure Estimated Cost Varies HMGP, PDM, CDBG, USACE, FMA, SRL, RLC, LENRD, Wayne County, Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority Low Lead Agency City Administrator Status Not Started

Action Protecting the Water Treatment Facility Flood protection measures for the water treatment facility such as levees Analysis and/or a bypass system may be constructed. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, Drought Estimated Cost Varies Potential Funding PDM, HMGP, LENRD Timeline 1 Year Priority High Lead Agency Utility Foreman Status Not Started

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Action Public Awareness Through activities such as outreach projects, distribution of maps and environmental education increase public awareness of natural hazards to both public and private property owners, renters, businesses, and local officials about hazards and ways to protect people and property from these hazards. Analysis Also, educate citizens on water conservation methods, evacuation plans, etc. In addition, purchasing equipment such as overhead projectors and laptops. Educate the public and business owners regarding rain gardens, green roofs, and other minor mitigation measures. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $0-$5,000+ Potential Funding HMGP, PDM, LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 2-5 Years Priority Low Lead Agency City Administrator Status Not Started

Action River/ Stream Bank Stabilization Bank degradation is occurring along many rivers and creeks. Stabilization improvements including rock rip rap, vegetative cover, j-hooks, boulder vanes, Analysis etc. can be implemented to reestablish the channel banks. This project would be to repair damaged banks along Logan Creek Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost Varies greatly with size and length of channel requiring bank stabilization. Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ Years Priority Low Lead Agency City Maintenance, Wayne County, Lower Elkhorn NRD Status Not Started, New Action

Action Safe Room / Storm Shelter Design and construct storm shelters and safe rooms in highly vulnerable areas Analysis such as mobile home parks, campgrounds, school, and other areas. Hazard(s) Addressed Tornadoes, High Winds Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $200-$300/sf stand alone; $150-200/sf addition/retrofit Potential Funding PDM, HMPG, LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 5+ Years Priority Low Lead Agency City Administrator Status Not Started

Action Source Water Contingency Plan Analysis Evaluate and locate new sources of groundwater. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $500,000+ Potential Funding CDBG, SRF, NDEQ, LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority High Lead Agency City Administrator In Process. The city is currently identifying possible locations for a new Status municipal well.

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Action Stormwater System and Drainage Improvements Larger communities generally utilize underground stormwater systems comprising of pipes and inlets to convey runoff. Undersized systems can contribute to localized flooding. Stormwater system improvements may include pipe upsizing and additional inlets. Retention and detention facilities may also be implemented to decrease runoff rates while also decreasing the need for Analysis other stormwater system improvements. Smaller communities may utilize stormwater systems comprising of ditches and culverts to convey runoff. Undersized systems can contribute to localized flooding. Drainage improvements may include ditch upsizing, ditch cleanout and culvert improvements. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $10,000-$50,000 for smaller communities, $100,000+ for larger Potential Funding HMGP, PDM, CDBG, LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority High Lead Agency City Administrator Status In Progress. The city is addresses drainage issues as they are identified.

Action Weather Radios Conduct an inventory of weather radios at schools and other critical facilities Analysis and provide new radios as needed. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $50/per radio Potential Funding HMGP, PDM, LENRD, Wayne County, General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority Medium Lead Agency City Administrator, Local Schools Status Not Started

Removed Mitigation Actions

Action Floodplain Regulation Enforcements/ Updates Continue to enforce local floodplain regulations for structures located in the 100-year floodplain. Strict enforcement of the type of development and Analysis elevations of structures should be considered through issuance of building permits by any community or County. Continue education of building inspectors or Certified Floodplain Managers. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding This action was removed because it is not a true mitigation action. The city will Status continue to enforce all floodplain regulations.

Action Sheltering in Place Outreach Ensure that all critical facilities, businesses, and residents located near major Analysis transportation corridors and near fixed site chemical facilities are aware of how to safely shelter in place in the event of a chemical incident. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Removed. The planning team determined that they would like to pursue other Status mitigation actions.

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vi United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. vii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. viii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: S0802: Means of Transportation to Work by Selected Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. ix United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. x United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. xi United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. xii County Assessor. Personal correspondence, February 2019. xiii Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy. “Search Tier II Data.” Accessed December 2018. https://deq-iis.ne.gov/tier2/search.faces. xiv United States Army Corps of Engineers. “National Levee Database.” Accessed October 2019. https://levees.sec.usace.army.mil/#/.

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 19 COMMUNITY PROFILE

CITY OF WAYNE

Lower Elkhorn Natural Resources District Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Update

2020

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 1 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

Local Planning Team

Table WYN.1: Wayne Local Planning Team Name Title Jurisdiction Wes Blecke City Administrator City of Wayne Phill Monahan Fire Chief City of Wayne Joel Hansen Street and Planning Director City of Wayne

Location and Geography The City of Wayne is in the eastern central portion of Wayne County, directly south of the right angle forming the boundary with Dixon County, The city serves as the county seat and covers an area of 2.25 square miles. Nebraska Highway 35 is the main east-and-west transportation corridor and Nebraska Highway 15 is the main north-and-south transportation corridor. The city is in proximity to three waterways which form a major confluence one the northeast side of Wayne, becoming the South Logan Creek. The Deer and South Logan Creeks form a confluence on the southwest portion of the city. The Dog Creek flows west-to-east on the northern side of the city before merging with the South Logan Creek.

Figure WYN.1: City of Wayne

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 2 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

Transportation The City of Wayne has two major transportation corridors. The first is Nebraska Highway 35, which runs east-and-west, becomes 7th Street when running through the city limits, and averages 4,550 vehicles per day. The second is Nebraska Highway 15, which runs north-and-south, becomes Main Street when running through the city, and averages 2,220 vehicles per day.i Wayne also features a municipal airport known named Stan Morris Field. This field houses 17 single-engine airplanes and averages 22 aircraft operations per day split between local, general aviation (86%) and transient general aviation (14%).ii Transportation information is important to hazard mitigation plans because it suggests possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

Nebraska Highways 35 and 15 are the biggest concern to the community due to the volume of traffic carried and locations directly in the center of the city. These routes carry a variety of hazardous materials including diesel fuel, gasoline, fertilizer, and sundry agricultural chemicals directly through the city near schools, residences, and businesses. The risks posed by this hazard manifested in a 2018 car accident resulting in a fatality on main street when a vehicle collision resulted in a fuel fire.

Demographics Wayne’s population declined slightly from 5,583 people in 2000 to 5,573 people in 2016, a total loss of ten people. This information is important because although the overall population has remained stable, shifting internal demographics may impact hazard mitigation priorities. Wayne’s population accounted for 60% of Wayne County’s population of 9,365 in 2016.iii

Figure WYN.2: Population 1930 - 2016

6,000 5583 5660 5573 5379 5240 5142 5,000 4217

4,000 3595

3,000 2719

2,381 Population 2,000

1,000

Census Year

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 3 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

The young, elderly, minorities, and poor may be more vulnerable to certain hazards than other groups. In comparison to Wayne County, Wayne’s population was:

• Younger. The median age of Wayne was 23.4 years old in 2016, compared with the county average of 30.7 years. Wayne’s population grew slightly younger since 2009, when the median age was 22.7 years old. Wayne had a slightly larger proportion of people under 20 years old (31.9%) than Wayne County (29.3%).iv • Significantly more ethnically diverse. Since 2010, Wayne grew more ethnically diverse. In 2010, Wayne’s population was 1.8% Hispanic or Latino. By 2016, Wayne’s population was 8.3% Hispanic or Latino. During that time, the Hispanic or Latino population in Wayne County grew from 3.7% in 2010 to 5.4% in 2016.v • More likely to be below the federal poverty line. The poverty rate in Wayne (6.5% of families living below the federal poverty line) was higher than Wayne County’s poverty rate (4.4%) in 2016.vi

• Diverse mix of industries, more specialization. Wayne major employment sectors, accounting for 10% or more of employment each, were: Education/healthcare/social services (36.8%), arts/entertainment/recreation/accommodation/food services (13.3%), and finance/insurance/real estate/renting/easing (9.7%) There are an additional three sectors accounting of more than 5% of the city industry.vii • Lower household income. Wayne’s median household income in 2016 ($42,500) was $12,641 lower than the county ($55,141).viii • Fewer long-distance commuters. A total of 75.4% percent of workers in Wayne commuted for fewer than 15 minutes, compared with 58.8% of workers in Wayne County. An additional 17.2% of workers in Wayne commute 30 minutes or more to work, compared to 17.6% of the county workers.ix

Major Employers Major employers within Wayne include Great Dane Trailers, Providence Medical Center, Wayne State College, and Heritage Homes. There is a split of workers traveling to and from Wayne for employment. About half of the employees travel to nearby Norfolk, Sioux City, or other surrounding communities. Conversely, about half of workers travel into Wayne from these same communities.

Housing In comparison to Wayne County, Wayne’s housing stock was:

• Fewer owner-occupied. Of occupied housing units in Wayne, 50.9% are owner-occupied compared with 62.8% of occupied housing in Wayne County.x • Notably newer. Wayne had a notably smaller share of housing built prior to 1970 than Wayne County (50.2% compared to 55.2%).xi • Significantly more multifamily. Although the predominant housing type in Wayne is single family detached, Wayne contains almost double the amount of multifamily housing with five or more units per structure compared to Wayne County (19.6% compared to 11.9%). The housing in Wayne is 63% single-family detached, compared with 74.4% of

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 4 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

the county’s housing. Wayne has a smaller share of mobile housing (.5%) compared to the county (2.6%).xii Mobile homes are located along the.

Figure WYN.3: Housing in Wayne, Nebraska 25.0%

20.0%

15.0%

10.0%

5.0%

0.0%

Year Built

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Future Development Trends Several changes in Wayne since the 2014 plan update that impact overall mitigation priorities. The construction of 63 new owner-occupied residential structures and 43 multifamily dwellings with 101 living units between 2014 and 2018 means new housing and more people. An additional 11 structures have been demolished during the same timeframe. The relatively stable population of the city can be attributed to the employment opportunities and enrollment of Wayne State College and Providence Medical Center. Additional growth and in-fill from new business and populace is anticipated, particularly in the north and northwest. This is attributed to the focus on entrepreneurship and growing local businesses.

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 5 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

Figure WYN.4: Future Land Use Map

Source: City of Wayne

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 6 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

Table WYN.2: Structural Inventory/Parcel Improvements Total Mean Value of Number of Value of Number of Improvement Improvements per Improvements in Improvements Improvements Value Parcel Floodplain in Floodplain 1,769 $204,452,300 $115,575 40 $3,568,620 Source: Nebraska Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Divisionxiii

Table WYN.3: Chemical Storage Fixed Sites Facility Name Address In Floodplain (Y/N) CenturyLink 215 S Pearl St N D V Fyre Tec 701 Centennial Rd N Farmers Pride Propane 214 S Douglas St N Fredrickson Oil Co 3110 N Highway 15 N Gerhold Concrete Co 809 Centennial Rd N Great Dane LLC 1200 Centennial Rd N Helena Agri-Enterprises LLC 110 S Windom Dr N NDOT Wayne Yard 1300 E 7th St N Titan Machinery Inc 602 Centennial Rd N Wayne Municipal Airport 2304 E Highway 35 N Source: Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy 2018xiv

Table WYN.4: Critical Facilities Red Cross Located in CF Generator Name Shelter Floodplain Number (Y/N) (Y/N) (Y/N) 1 Bethnack Applied Science Building N N N 2 Brandenburg Education Building N N N 3 Carhart Science and Mathematics Building N N N 4 City Auditorium Y N N 5 City Hall N Y N 6 City of Wayne Power Plant N Y N 7 City of Wayne Public Works N N N 8 Conn Library N N N 9 East Water Tower N N N 10 ESU #1 Tower School N N N 11 Hahn Administration Building N N N 12 Lift Station #1 N N Y 13 Lift Station #2 N Y N 14 Lift Station #4 N N N 15 Mobile Home Court N N N 16 Mobile Home Court N N N

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 7 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

Red Cross Located in CF Generator Name Shelter Floodplain Number (Y/N) (Y/N) (Y/N) 17 Mobile Home Court N N N 18 Nebraska Department of Roads N N N 19 Nebraska National Guard Building N N N 20 Northeast Public Health Department N Y N 21 Northeast Public Power District N Y N 22 Peterson Fine Arts Hall N N N 23 Post Office N N N 24 Providence Medical Center N Y N 25 St. Mary’s Catholic School N N N 26 Wastewater Treatment Plan N Y N 27 Wayne Community Activity Center Y N N 28 Wayne County Courthouse N N N 29 Wayne County Museum N N N 30 Wayne Elementary School N N N 31 Wayne High School N N N 32 Wayne State College Rec Center N N N 33 Wayne State College Rice Auditorium N N N Wayne State College Student Center / 34 N Y N Campus Services 35 Wayne Volunteer Fire Department Hall Y N N 36 Well #7 N N N 37 Well #9 N N N 38 Well #10 N Y N 39 Well #11 N Y N 40 West Water Tower N N N *City has two portable generators that can be connected to wells and lift stations when needed.

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 8 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

Figure WYN.5: Critical Facilities

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 9 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

Historical Occurrences See the Wayne County community profile for historical hazard events.

Drought Wayne is vulnerable to drought impacts on the city water supply and the local, agricultural economy. The most recent impact came in 2012 and it was difficult for Wayne to maintain its water supply. Locally, the city uses water table depletion and crop loss to define drought conditions. Wayne receives water from four wells drilled around the area and consumption is determined by residential water meters. The city does not have a drought board, drought response plan, water conservation program, or conservation ordinance. Although the water supply is sufficient and does not require an additional water source high concentration of nitrates in the drinking water supply have caused issues.

Flooding Wayne is subject to flooding hazards from several bodies of water in the local area. In 2018 localized flooding caused minor but notable issues for the city. During the March 2019 flood event, floodwaters damaged several houses, airport lighting, the lift station, and a walking trail. Wayne is at risk for both flash flooding and longer-term riverine flooding. This flooding hazard stems from the South Logan Creek flowing on the south end of the city and the Dog Creek Flowing to the north. Ike’s Lake could also be a hazard if it were to spill into Dog Creek.

Severe Thunderstorms Recent, significant thunderstorm events in 2014 caused damage to property around the city, including trees at Wayne State College. The potential impacts to overhead wires and other trees around the community could result in power outages that impact the population for extended periods of time. Although 65% of the powerlines are buried underground the remaining, above ground wires could still pose a hazard. The City of Wayne has several mitigation actions ongoing to lessen the impacts of thunderstorms. These actions include backing up municipal data on a systematic basis, backup generators at critical facilities, and trimming dead or dying trees. Currently there are no weather radios available in the city. However, there alternate devices presently available to access this information.

Severe Winter Storms In the winter of 2009-2010 Wayne experienced a winter storm that impact city functions. Concerns associated with winter storms in Wayne include power line compromise, first responders isolated, and general restriction of the traveling public. The city designated snow routes, prioritizing highways and main thoroughfares. Snow fences are used in the subdivisions to control inflows of snow. Public Works is responsible for snow removal and has access to five trucks, two front-end loaders, three pickups, one skid loader, one tool cat, and one blower. Overall the city rates its snow resources as satisfactory.

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 10 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

Tornadoes This is a recurring hazard to the City of Wayne. As recently as 2013 a tornado impacted the southern and eastern portion of Wayne, wiping out the airport and industrial park. To date the vulnerable populations of Wayne have not been significantly affected. Several ongoing mitigation actions in Wayne include the routine backup of municipal data on redundant servers, tornado sirens, and FEMA-certified safe rooms in City Hall, East Park, and the Fire Hall. There are additional safe rooms in the schools and at Wayne State College. In the event of a tornado the County Emergency Management Office offers text alerts. The school and PMC conduct tornadoes drills, especially during tornado awareness week. As a final resort, Wayne maintains mutual aid agreements with 35 communities throughout northeast Nebraska.

Governance A community’s governance indicates the number of boards or offices that may be available to help implement hazard mitigation actions. Wayne has a number of offices or departments that may be involved in implementing hazard mitigation initiatives. Wayne has eight city council members and the following offices that may help implement mitigation actions.

• Mayor • City Administrator • Clerk • Finance Director • Electrical Superintendent • Water/Sewer Superintendent • Electrical Distribution • Street and Planning Director • Senior Citizen Director • Economic Development • Wayne Police Department • Wayne Volunteer Fire Department

Table WYN.5: Capability Assessment Survey Components/Subcomponents Yes/No Comprehensive Plan Yes Capital Improvements Plan Yes Economic Development Plan Yes Planning Emergency Operational Plan Yes & Floodplain Management Plan Yes Regulatory Capability Storm Water Management Plan No Zoning Ordinance Yes Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance Yes Floodplain Ordinance Yes

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 11 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

Survey Components/Subcomponents Yes/No Building Codes Yes National Flood Insurance Program Yes Community Rating System No Other (if any) - Planning Commission Yes Floodplain Administration Yes GIS Capabilities Yes Administrative Chief Building Official Yes & Civil Engineering Yes Technical Local Staff Who Can Assess Community’s Yes Capability Vulnerability to Hazards Grant Manager Yes Mutual Aid Agreement Yes Other (if any) - Capital Improvement Plan/ 1 & 6 Year plan Yes Applied for grants in the past Yes Awarded a grant in the past Yes Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes such Yes as Mitigation Projects Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees Yes Capability Storm Water Service Fees Yes Water/Sewer Service Fees Yes Development Impact Fees Yes General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds Yes Other (if any) - Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on environmental protection, emergency Yes, Green Team and Public preparedness, access and functional needs Health populations, etc. Ex. CERT Teams, Red Cross, etc. Education Ongoing public education or information program & (e.g., responsible water use, fire safety, household Yes Outreach preparedness, environmental education) Capability Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs Yes StormReady Certification No Firewise Communities Certification No Tree City USA Yes Other (if any) -

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Overall Capability Limited/Moderate/High Does your community have the financial resources needed to Moderate implement mitigation projects? Does your community have the staff/expertise to implement Moderate projects? Does your community have the community support to Moderate implement projects? Does your community staff have the time to devote to hazard Moderate mitigation?

Plan Integration Wayne’s comprehensive plan was last updated in 2017. Natural hazards discussed in the plan include flooding and climate change. The comprehensive plan contains goals aimed at safe growth, directs development away from the floodplain, chemical storage facilities, and major transportation routes, limits density in hazardous areas, and preserves open space. There are plans to update the comprehensive plan in 2027 and the local planning team indicated that they would like to include emergency shelters in the next update. The city’s zoning ordinance was last updated in 2018 and the subdivision regulations were last updated in 2013. The zoning ordinance discourages development in the floodplain, requires more than one-foot of elevation above base flood elevation, and prohibits development within the floodway. The subdivision regulations restrict subdivision of land within or adjacent to the floodplain. Wayne’s building code was adopted in 2017 and is based on the 2012 International Building Codes. The code requires mechanical systems to be elevated for structures in the floodplain, outlines proper sump pump installation, requires sewer backflow valves for structures in the floodplain, requires hurricane clips during construction, and requires the use of fire-resistant building materials.

The city’s Local Emergency Operations Plan (LEOP) was last updated in 2013 as an annex to the county’s plan. Local planning team members indicated that the police department is familiar with the LEOP. The city is part of a Wellhead Protection Plan, developed in 2013 and is part of the Missouri River Northeast Community Wildfire Protection Plan. Objectives in the wildfire protection plan include actively and sustainably managing forests, protecting and enhancing water quality and quantity, and assisting communities in planning for and reducing wildfire risks. In the annual municipal budget, the city has already dedicated a large portion of funds to street improvements and a new water transmission main.

In addition to the plans discussed above, the city also has a 1-&6-Year Plan which was updated in 2019 and floodplain regulations which were updated in 2008. No other examples of plan integration were identified. There are currently no plans to further integrate existing or future planning mechanisms.

Mitigation Strategy Completed Mitigation Actions

Action River/ Stream Bank Stabilization Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding This action was completed in 2017. Using funding from the Lower Elkhorn NRD Status and City of Wayne the Logan Creek at the Highway 15 Bridge was sufficiently stabilized to consider this action complete.

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 13 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

Action Tree City USA – Tree Maintenance Programs Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, High Winds, Severe Winter Storms Completed. The city is currently part of the Tree City USA program and plans Status to continue the designation.

Ongoing and New Mitigation Actions

Action Comprehensive City/Village Disaster / Emergency Response Plan Analysis Update County Local Emergency Operations Plan Hazard(s) Addressed Tornadoes, High Winds, Severe Winter Storms, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $6,000+ Potential Funding Lower Elkhorn NRD, City of Wayne Budget Timeline 5+ Years Priority High Lead Agency City Administrator, Fire Chief, Emergency Manager Status Ongoing. This includes the Local Emergency Operations Plan and exercises.

Action Develop a Drought Management Plan Work with relevant stakeholders to develop a drought management plan. The drought management plan would identify water monitoring protocols, outline Analysis drought responses, identify opportunities to reduce water consumption, and establish the jurisdictional management procedures. Hazard(s) Addressed Drought Estimated Cost $25,000 Potential Funding NRD General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority High Lead Agency City Administrator, Water Operator In Progress. The city is working the NRD and JEO Consulting Group to create Status a drought plan in conjunction with the hazard mitigation plan.

Action Emergency Communications Analysis Update Tactical Interoperable Communications Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $10,000+ Potential Funding Homeland Security, LENRD, Governing County & Local Governing Agency Timeline 2-5 Years Priority Medium Lead Agency Wayne Police Department Status Not Started

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 14 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

Action Grade Control Structures Stream bed degradation can occur along many rivers and creeks. Grade Analysis control structures including sheet-pile weirs, rock weirs, ponds, road dams, etc. Can be implemented to maintain the channel bed. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $50,000 to $100,000 per site Potential Funding Nebraska Department of Transportation Timeline 1 Year Priority High Nebraska Department of Transportation. Due to the high waters along Logan Lead Agency Creek around the Highway 15 bridge the state Department of Transportation is taking responsibility for completing this task. Status Not Started

Action Mutual Aid Analysis Work with other Utility Providers for Mutual Aid. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost Staff Time Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ Years Priority High Lead Agency County Commissioners Ongoing. The city currently works with the local utility for mutual aid and would Status like to continue this into the future.

Action Power and Services Lines Work with local Public Power Districts or electric department to identify vulnerable transmission and distribution lines and plan to bury lines undergrounds or retrofit existing structures to be less vulnerable to storm Analysis events. Electrical utilities should be required to use underground construction methods where possible for future installation of power lines. Put in a new transmission water main from the well field. Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Thunderstorms, High Winds, Severe Winter Storms, Hail, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $2,000,000 per square mile Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ Years Priority High Lead Agency Electrical Superintendent, Utility Provider In Progress. The city has started converting overhead powerlines to Status underground.

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 15 Section Seven: City of Wayne Community Profile

Action Public Awareness Through activities such as outreach projects, distribution of maps and environmental education increase public awareness of natural hazards to both public and private property owners, renters, businesses, and local officials Analysis about hazards and ways to protect people and property from these hazards. Also, educate citizens on water conservation methods, evacuation plans, etc. In addition, purchasing equipment such as overhead projectors and laptops. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $0-$5,000+ Potential Funding HMGP, PDM, LENRD, Governing County & Local Governing Agency Timeline 5+ Year Priority Medium Lead Agency County Offices Ongoing. This action is undertaken systematically throughout the year to Status address the most likely, seasonal hazard to populations.

Action River/Stream Bank Stabilization Stabilize banks along streams and rivers. This may include, but is not limited Analysis to: reducing bank slope, addition of riprap, installation of erosion control materials/fabrics. Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $10,000+ Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 Years Priority High Lead Agency City Administration, City Council Status Not Started, New Action

Action Weather Radios Conduct an inventory of weather radios at schools and other critical facilities Analysis and provide new radios as needed. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $50/per radio Potential Funding HMGP, PDM, LENRD, Governing County & Local Governing Agency Timeline 5+ Years Priority Low Lead Agency County Commissioners Status Not Started

Removed Mitigation Actions

Action Community Continuity Plan Analysis Develop continuity plans for critical community services. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Due to the use of engineers planning for the delivery of critical services the City Status of Wayne would like to remove this action from future efforts.

i Nebraska Department of Transportation. “Statewide Traffic Flow Map.” Accessed December 2018. https://dot.nebraska.gov/media/2510/2014-statewide-traffic-flow-map.pdf. ii Airnav.com. “Stan Morris Field.” Accessed December 2018. https://www.airnav.com/airport/KLCG. iii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: S0101: Age and Sex.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. iv United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: S0101: Age and Sex.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. v United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP05: ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. vi United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. vii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. viii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. ix United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: S0802: Means of Transportation to Work by Selected Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/.

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x United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. xi United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. xii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. xiii County Assessor. Personal correspondence, February 2019. xiv Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy. “Search Tier II Data.” Accessed August 2017. https://deq-iis.ne.gov/tier2/search.faces.

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VILLAGE OF WINSIDE

Lower Elkhorn Natural Resources District Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Update

2020

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 1 Section Seven: Village of Winside Community Profile

Local Planning Team

Table WND.1: Winside Local Planning Team Name Title Jurisdiction Nic Kemnitz Emergency Manager Wayne County Don Skokan Fire Chief Village of Winside Kevin Cleveland Superintendent Village of Winside

Location and Geography The Village of Winside is in the south-central portion of Wayne County, less than half a mile from the South Logan Creek. The village covers an area of 0.26 square miles. Nebraska Highways 35 and 90B are the main transportation corridors. There is one major waterway near the village, the South Logan Creek, which flows east-to-west on the southern edge of the village.

Figure WND.1: Village of Winside

Transportation The Village of Winside has two major transportation corridors. The first is Nebraska Highway 35, which runs southwest to northeast on the western edge of the village and averages 2,295 vehicles per day. The second is Nebraska Highway 90B, a spur road which runs east-and-west through the village. This corridor averages 950 vehicles per day.i Transportation information is important

Lower Elkhorn NRD Hazard Mitigation Plan | 2020 2 Section Seven: Village of Winside Community Profile to hazard mitigation plans because it suggests possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

There two routes of main concern in the Village of Winside. The first is Highway 35, which carries a heavy volume of traffic daily between Norfolk and Sioux City. The other is Highway 98 going west from the 98/35 junction. A variety of chemicals move along this route near the village. These include agricultural products, fuels, and propane.

Demographics Winside’s population declined from 468 people in 2000 to 407 people in 2016, an average annual decrease of four people, roughly 10% of the current population. This is important because a declining population is associated with a higher level of unoccupied housing and decreasing tax revenue. Winside’s population accounted for 4.35% of Wayne County’s population of 9,365 in 2016. ii

Figure WND.2: Population 1930 - 2016 500 483 480 468

460 451 454 453 439 434 440 427 416

420 407 Population

400

380

360

Year

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

The young, elderly, minorities, and poor may be more vulnerable to certain hazards than other groups. In comparison to Wayne County, Winside’s population was:

• Older. The median age of Winside was 36.5 years old in 2016, compared with the county average of 30.7 years. Winside’s population grew significantly older since 2009, when the median age was 29 years old. Winside had a considerably larger proportion of people under 20 years old (39.8%) than Wayne County (29.3%).iii • More ethnically diverse. Since 2010, Winside grew more ethnically diverse. In 2010, Winside’s population was 0.6% Hispanic or Latino. By 2016, Winside’s population was 2.1% Hispanic or Latino. During that time, the Hispanic or Latino population in Wayne County grew from 3.7% in 2010 to 5.4% in 2016.iv

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• More likely to be below the federal poverty line. The poverty rate in Winside (7% of families living below the federal poverty line) was higher than Wayne County’s poverty rate (4.4%) in 2016.v

• Similar mix of industries. Winside major employment sectors, accounting for 10% or more of employment each, were: Education/healthcare/social services (31.6%) manufacturing (21.7%), and agriculture (9%).vi • Higher household income. Winside median household income in 2016 $62,500 was $7,359 higher than the county ($55,141).vii • More long-distance commuters. A total of 25.2% percent of workers in Winside commuted for fewer than 15 minutes, compared with 58.8% of workers in Wayne County. An additional 20.8% of workers in Winside commute 30 minutes or more to work, compared to 17.6% of the county workers.viii

Major Employers Major employers within Winside include Winside Bank, the Farmer’s CO-OP, Winside Public School, the Post Office, and Thies Family Locker. A large percentage of residents commute to Norfolk and Wayne for employment.

Housing In comparison to Wayne County, Winside’s housing stock was:

• More owner-occupied. Of occupied housing units in Winside, 71.8% are owner-occupied compared with 62.8% of occupied housing in Wayne County.ix • Significantly Older. Winside had a significantly larger share of housing built prior to 1970 than Wayne County (80.9% compared to 55.2%). x • No multifamily. The predominant housing type in Winside is single family detached, Winside contains no multifamily housing with five or more units per structure compared to Wayne County (0% compared to 11.9%). The housing in Winside is 87.8% single-family detached, compared with 74.4% of the county’s housing. Winside has a smaller share of mobile housing (1.5%) compared to the county (2.6%).xi Mobile homes are located throughout the village.

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Figure WND.3: Housing in Winside, Nebraska 60.0%

50.6% 50.0%

40.0%

30.0%

20.0% Percent Percent ofHomes 12% 10% 10.0% 8.0% 8% 4.8% 2.8% 3.6% 0.0%

Year Built

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Future Development Trends Over the past five years several new houses have been built and two buildings, the old café and produce store have been demolished. Overall the population is declining. This is attributed to the lack of local jobs which causes people to commute. There is no housing or business development planned in the next five years.

Table WND.2: Structural Inventory/Parcel Improvements Total Mean Value of Number of Value of Number of Improvement Improvements per Improvements in Improvements Improvements Value Parcel Floodplain in Floodplain 219 $11,312,420 $51,655 0 $0 Source: Nebraska Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Divisionxii

Table WND.3: Chemical Storage Fixed Sites Facility Name Address In Floodplain (Y/N) Farmers Co-op Winside 502 Main Street Y Source: Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy 2018xiii

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Table WND.4: Critical Facilities Located in CF Red Cross Generator Name Floodplain Number Shelter (Y/N) (Y/N) (Y/N) 1 American Legion N N N 2 Auditorium N N N 3 Co-op N N N 4 County Yard for NDOT N N N 5 Grocery Store N N N 6 Lied Public Library N N N 7 Post Office N N N 8 Sewage Lift Pump N N Y 9 Sewage Ponds N N Y St. Paul’s Evangelical Lutheran 10 N N N Church 11 Trinity Lutheran Church N N N 12 United Methodist Church N N N 13 Water Tower N N N 14 Water Treatment Facility/Well N N N 15 Water Well N N N 16 Weible Transfers N N N 17 Winside Bank N N N 18 Winside Clerk’s Office N N N 19 Winside Fire and Rescue N N N 20 Winside Museum N N N 21 Winside Public School N N N

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Figure WND.4: Critical Facilities

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Historical Occurrences See the Wayne County community profile for historical hazard events.

Chemical Spills – Fixed Site There are several locations of bulk hazardous materials that would cause a serious incident if breached or compromised. The CO-OP has two 20,000-gallon propane tanks and a host of agricultural chemicals stored on the south side of the village near residences. There is also bulk chlorine storage at the water treatment center. Locally, it is not uncommon to have natural gas leaks, propane leaks and fuel spills. Several critical facilities are located near fixed chemical sites notably the village clerk’s office, auditorium, and grocery store. Winside does not provide any specific outreach regarding dangers associated with this hazard. The fire department is the responding agency to any issues.

Chemical Spills – Transportation There is a major transportation route, Highway 35, which runs on the west side of the community. This route routinely carries hazardous materials ranging from petroleum products to agricultural chemicals. To date there have not been any significant transportation incident, however the potential severity cannot be ignored. Critical facilities are located along this route including the schools, grocery store, village office, auditorium, Farmer’s CO-OP, and churches.

Severe Thunderstorms Several severe thunderstorms impact the village on an annual basis. This results in concerns for power outages, building damage, and emergency service impairment. To date no critical facilities have been impacted and critical municipal records are sufficiently backed up. Critical facilities do not have power generators, which could be an issue given that less than 5% of powerlines are buried. The community works to remove hazardous trees throughout the community.

Severe Winter Storms Three winter storm events impacting the area have left lasting impressions. The winter of 1983- 1984, 2009-2010, and 2010-2011. These resulted in power outages, road closures, and tree damage. This concerns the local planning team, as residents may not be able to heat their homes. Severe winter storm conditions also hamper emergency services. To date there has been no structural damage to critical facilities. Village maintenance is responsible for snow removal but is equipped with an aging payloader and snow plow that need replacement.

Tornadoes NCEI data shows that Winside has not experienced a tornado event, however that does not mean there is no risk. Since 2013 there have been three tornadic events in surrounding communities. Wayne in 2013, Pilger in 2014, and Hoskins in 2017. The village backs up municipal data on flash drives stored in the village safe. Winside has access to alert sirens and they are activated by either dispatch in Wayne, Nebraska or the local fire department. Tests of the sirens are conducted regularly. The County Emergency Management Agency offers text alerts as well. The community has no safe rooms and residents must use their basements for shelter. Should a disaster occur,

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Winside has mutual aid agreements with Elkhorn Valley Mutual Aid Association, Wayne, Carroll, and Hoskins.

Governance A community’s governance indicates the number of boards or offices that may be available to help implement hazard mitigation actions. Winside has a number of offices or departments that may be involved in implementing hazard mitigation initiatives. The Winside has five board members and the following offices that may help implement mitigation actions.

• Board Chairperson • Clerk • Utility Superintendent • Water/Sewer Commissioner • Street Commissioner • Light Commissioner • Engineer • Sheriff’s Office • Volunteer Fire Department • Wayne County Emergency Management • Winside Public Schools Board • Farmer’s CO-OP Manager • Wayne County Roads District 3 Manager

Table WND.5: Capability Assessment Survey Components/Subcomponents Yes/No Comprehensive Plan Yes Capital Improvements Plan No Economic Development Plan No Emergency Operational Plan Yes Floodplain Management Plan No Planning Storm Water Management Plan No & Zoning Ordinance Yes Regulatory Capability Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance Yes Floodplain Ordinance No Building Codes No National Flood Insurance Program No Community Rating System No Other (if any) - Administrative Planning Commission Yes & Floodplain Administration No

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Survey Components/Subcomponents Yes/No Technical GIS Capabilities No Capability Chief Building Official Yes Civil Engineering Yes Local Staff Who Can Assess Community’s Yes Vulnerability to Hazards Grant Manager Yes Mutual Aid Agreement Yes Other (if any) - Capital Improvement Plan/ 1 & 6 Year plan Yes Applied for grants in the past Yes Awarded a grant in the past Yes Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes such as Yes Mitigation Projects Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees Yes Capability Storm Water Service Fees No Water/Sewer Service Fees Yes Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds Yes Other (if any) - Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access and functional needs No populations, etc. Ex. CERT Teams, Red Cross, etc. Education Ongoing public education or information program & (e.g., responsible water use, fire safety, household Yes Outreach preparedness, environmental education) Capability Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs Yes StormReady Certification No Firewise Communities Certification No Tree City USA No Other (if any) -

Overall Capability Limited/Moderate/High Does your community have the financial resources needed to Limited implement mitigation projects? Does your community have the staff/expertise to implement Limited projects? Does your community have the community support to Moderate implement projects? Does your community staff have the time to devote to hazard Limited mitigation?

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Plan Integration Winside’s comprehensive plan, zoning ordinance, and subdivision regulations were all last updated in 2003. Due to the age of the plans, they have not been integrated with the hazard mitigation plan. The village also has a Local Emergency Operations Plan, which is an annex to the county plan.

No other examples of plan integration were identified. There are currently no plans to further integrate existing or future planning mechanisms.

Mitigation Strategy Completed Mitigation Actions

Action Alert Sirens Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Status Project Completed

Action Source Water Contingency Plan Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Status Project Completed

Action Waste Water System Improvement Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Status This action was completed in 2017.

Ongoing and New Mitigation Actions

Action Backup Generator Provide a portable or stationary source of backup power to redundant power Analysis supplies, municipal wells, lift stations, critical facilities, and shelters. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $3,500+ depending on site requirements Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ Years Priority Low Lead Agency Village Board Status Not Started, New Action

Action Civil Service Improvements Improve Fire Department and Rescue squad equipment and facilities. Providing additional, or updating existing emergency response equipment; this Analysis could include fire trucks, ATV’s, pay loaders, etc. This would also include developing backup systems for emergency vehicles and identifying and training additional personnel for emergency response. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards $5,000 to $400,000 per vehicle, varies depending on what equipment is Estimated Cost needed Potential Funding Local Budget, Bond, Loan Timeline 5+ Years Priority High Lead Agency Village Board Ongoing. Equipment is purchased when the need arises, and funding is Status available.

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Action Improve Building Standards Improve any existing building standards or establish new standards as deemed necessary to reduce potential of damage to new and existing structures, Analysis especially mobile home parks and other highly vulnerable populations such as nursing home facilities. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $5,000+ Potential Funding Village Budget Timeline 5+ Years Priority Medium Lead Agency Village Board Status Not Started

Action New Municipal Well Evaluate and Install a new well to provide a safe backup water supply for the Analysis community, replace existing wells affected by drought, increase of demand in water, and additional water for fire protection. Hazard(s) Addressed Drought Estimated Cost $350,000 to $450,000 Potential Funding Bonds, State Revolving Fund Timeline 5+ Years Priority Medium Lead Agency Village Board Status Not Started

Action Power and Service Lines Communities can work with their local Public Power District or Electricity Department to identify vulnerable transmission and distribution lines and plan to bury lines underground or retrofit existing structures/infrastructure to be less vulnerable to storm events. Electrical utilities shall be required to use underground construction methods where possible for future installation of power lines. Activities could include: Replacing damaged/aging power poles Analysis lines and removing unused lines from poles; burying power lines; install pad mounted transformers; elevating transformers above floodplain; adding guy wire and support; removing large diameter communication lines; replacing damaged poles with higher class; using multiple poles or dead end structures to support; replacing porcelain cutout; ice-proof cutouts; and use dead head poles. Hazard(s) Addressed Tornadoes, High Winds, Severe Winter Storms, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $70,000/mile for burying, other costs vary Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ Years Priority High Lead Agency Village Board In Progress. The village has approximately 5% of power lines buried and would Status like to bury additional lines.

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Action Public Awareness Through activities such as outreach projects, distribution of maps and environmental education increase public awareness of natural hazards to both public and private property owners, renters, businesses, and local officials Analysis about hazards and ways to protect people and property from these hazards. Also, educate citizens on water conservation methods, evacuation plans, etc. In addition, purchasing equipment such as overhead projectors and laptops. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $0-$5,000+ Potential Funding Village Board Timeline 5+ Years Priority Low Lead Agency Village Board Ongoing. The village has public education projects and would like to continue Status and expand educational efforts.

Removed Mitigation Actions

Action Weather Radios Conduct an inventory of weather radios at schools and other critical facilities Analysis and provide new radios as needed. Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards This action has been removed as the village deems this action no longer a Status priority.

i Nebraska Department of Transportation. “Statewide Traffic Flow Map.” Accessed December 2018. https://dot.nebraska.gov/media/2510/2014-statewide-traffic-flow-map.pdf ii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: S0101: Age and Sex.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. iii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: S0101: Age and Sex.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. iv United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP05: ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. v United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. vi United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. vii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. viii United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: S0802: Means of Transportation to Work by Selected Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. ix United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. x United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. xi United States Census Bureau. “American Fact Finder: DP04: Selected Housing Characteristics.” [database file]. https://factfinder.census.gov/. xii County Assessor. Personal correspondence, February 2019. xiii Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy. “Search Tier II Data.” Accessed December 2018. https://deq-iis.ne.gov/tier2/search.faces.

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