1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 10~9
These figures, in connection with others that I have quoted dur Repm·t of salmon canneries in Alaska to1· the year 1901-Continued. ing the course of these remarks, are of sufficient magnitude to show that the trade and colli-Derce and productions of Alaska Name of cannery. Owned by- Location. Oases. Value. have passed beyond infantile and experimental stage Hereafter no statement of our nation's trade, her commerce, or Taku Harbor Can- San Juan Fishing Talm Harbor .. 25,500 $16,500 h er r ~s8urc e s will be complete that does not include the T~ryitory nery. and Packing Co. of Alaska. V Ugashuk River ______Red Salmon Pack- UgashukRiver 8,500 28,000 FISHIXG INDUSTRY OF ALASKA. ing Co. Nusbagak Cannery .. Columbia River Nushaguk 24,284 86,612 The general public living outsiue of Alaska have no adequate Packing .Ass'n. River. conception of the magnitude .of the fishing industry and fish Nushaguk Saltery ____ Alaska Fishing and ...... do------5,287 17,000 canning operations in Alaska. Canned salmon is now recognized Tonka. Cannery_------P.Pc~~~.Y,~·co ___ Wrangell N ar-_ 19,432 60,632 e>erywhere as one of the staple food products of the world. rows. Alaska probably produces nine-tenths of the canned-salmon prod Kell Bay Cannery ____ Union P. Co ____ ---- Kell Bay---···- 20, 1)89 68,000 Lake Bay Cannery ___ Cross Sound P. Co. 18,84.9 36,212 net of the world, and a very superior quality of fish it is, too. Metlakahtla Cannery. Mctlakahtla Indus. ·hO:Ja~:Kuo.·=== 23,000 09,000 I attach hereto certain statistics regarding the salmon industry Co. of Alaska, and the location of the salmon canneries of Alaska. NushagakR. Cannery· Alaska-Portland Nushagak 20,667 74,4.00 P.A. Rive!". The statement for the year 1891 is quite complete, but, as the Do.-----_----- ____ Alaska Salmon _____ do_----- ____ 17,700 63,720 Treasury Department are now making up the report for the year Ass'n. of 1902, I can only attach a summary of the report fo1· the year Nnshagak R. Saltery. C.E.Whitncy&Co . ...•. do-·------20,5~0 65,000 Ideal Cove Saltery ___ Muir Glacier P. Co. Ideal Cove _____ 1,76:5 5,300 last past. Saakaar Salterli ___ .. _ C. F. Brockman--·- Saakaar ______525 2,320 An examination of these figures show that in the year 1891 this Thorne Ba-y Sa tery __ R. C. Bell ______Thorne Bay ____ 1,M.:o 4 8H5 single industry in Alaska put out a product whose aggregate value Point Barrie Saltery _ F. C. Sepp ------Point Barrie. __ 467 1:12'.3 Etoline Island Saltery J.O.Frey ------Etoline Island_ 185 648 amounted to almost $7,000,000, while there was an increase this McHenry Inlet Salt- J. 0. Oallbreath ____ McHem-y Inlet 480 1,800 last year of $1,741,506, making the aggregate value of their prod uct for the year 1902 $8,667,673. s!i{b. Arm Saltery .. Jacob Louth.-----· Moira Sound. __ 216 1, 7?.6 Eagle Harbor Saltery Oliver Smith--··-- Eagle Harbor .. 1,375 3,750 These figures give some idea of the magnitude of this one in Copper Harbor Salt- Craig Millar---·--- Coppor Harbor 1,760 5,500 dustry. Surely a land that is producing such great results in this ery. line of industry is entitled to be represented on this floor, in order PritchardsCove Fish- Great Northern Union Bay _____ ------that this industry may be suitably protected and safeguarded, ery. Fishmq Co. Beechers Pass Can- R~er-"V arnockP. Beechers Pass _ ------...... when we are considering legislation in reference thereto. nery. 0. Port Althorpe Saltery Perrl Hinkle ______Port Althorpe _ --·------Report of salmon canneries in Alaska for the year 1901. Bartlett Bay Cannery Icy Straits P. Co __ Bartlett Bay __ . ------Talrn Point Fishe:i)" ______.do _____ ------Ta.ku Inlet _____ Sundry (estimated __ Salteries not re- 5,000 17,500 Name of cannery. Owned by- Location. Cases. Value. ported. ----·------·------TotaL. ______2,076,661 6, 028,167 Bristol Bay Canning Alaska Packers' Nus hag a k ------·-··-- -- ... ------·------Oo. Assocmtion. River. Alaska Packing Co ______do------_____ do------180,080 $GOO, 916 Arctic Packing Co ____ ..••. do------·- _____ do------TREASURY DEPARTMENT, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, Do------_____ do------Naknek River_ 75,430 264,320 DmBION OF SPEOIAL AGENTS, Gun.rd:ian Cannery--- _____ do ______do ______------Washington, Janua,-y 16, lfJ03. UgashukFishing Sta ______dO---·------Uga.shuk River 40,864 ll0,029 Ron. FRANCIS W. CUSHMAN, M. 0., Bering Sea Cannery ______do------_____ do------.•.. ------Washington, D. C. Point Roberts Pack- .•••. dO---·------Kogginng ______107,84.0 377,728 DEAR S1R: Responding to yotrr request I herewith hand you the S!l.lient ing Co. (2). figures of tho salmon pack of Alaska for the season of 1902: Tot..'l.l number of Hor~hoe F. and M. _____ do---·------_____ do---··------·------canneries, 64i....,.total number of salteries, 18, located all a~ong the coast of Co. Alaska from wales Island, southeast Alaska, to Bristol Bay (Bering Sea), a Egagek Fishing Sta __ .....do------Egagek ------31,740 ll0,090 distance, in round numbers, of 3,000 mil s. Total number of salmon taken, Chignik Bay Pack. Co. _____ do------Chignik Bay___ 40,681 14.~,882 36,265,056; total number of cases, 2,558,297· total number of barrels, 25,384; A.litakPacking Co---- ••••. do ______Alitak______41,614 145,049 total valuation, $8,667,673; total tax payable, $105,808.13; increase this year.\ Karluk Packing Co ______do------Karluk______196,667 690,311 9 canneries and 12 salteries; total capitalization~ $'.25.799,500j valuation or Alaska Improvement _____ do---·------_____ do----··------plants, $6,406,750; total number of hands employea, 13,822, whites, 7,5H7; Chi Co. nese, 5,366; natives, 2,675; wages paid $4,000,~; tin pla.te used, $1,383,680; ves Arctic Fishing Co---- _____ do---···---··-·- Kussilof ______31,082 108,787 sels employed, 19:3, steamers, 125, sail, GS,i increase of pack over ~ast year, Pacific Packing Co--- _____ do------Odiak ------40,665 142,3'27 5M,65!lca.ses; increase of value of output, ::;1,741,506. ptf:.mid Harbor Pg. _____ do------P~~d liar- 30,709 107,481 Respectfully, yours, H. M. KUTCHIN, ' Special Agent. Glacier Packing Co ... _____ do------Wrangell______59,027 177,081 A~~~almon and .•.•. do------Loring------· 89,423 2G5,839 Speaking of the salmon industry of Alaska, I desire to call to Whalers' Chignik Pac.P.andNav.Co ChignikBay .. _ 85,516 117,203 the attention of this House, as a most forcible illustration of the Canne~ need for a Delegate from Alaska on this floor, a little recent his Hume C 'gnik Can------do------_____ do------29,927 104,838 ne:ry. tory: During the first session of this present Congress the gentle Orca Cannery------_____ do ______Orca------00,530 120,549 man from New York [Mr. SULZER] called up before this House Renal Ca.nne~---·--- _____ do ______Kenai------17,025 59,152 for consideration a bill which he claimed with great force and Whalers' Uya Can- .....do------· Uyak Bay--···- 50,593 166,007 if nery. earnestness was destined, enacted into law, to protect and en Hume Ur._ak Oannery •.•• _do------_____ do---·-- ___ _ 83,479 ll7,221 courage the salmon industry in Alaska and replenish the supply Huntersnay.Oannery _____ do------·- Hunters Bay __ _ 62,000 185,000 of that most valuable fish. The bill was most violently attacked NushagaklhverCan------dO------Nus hag a k 76,774 257,192 nery. River. on this floor. I do not pause at this time to undertake to prove QuadraBayCannery_ ..•.. do------QuadraBay ___ _ 35,141 105, (XX) that the bill was good or that it was bad. Petersburg Cannery. _____ do------·-- Petersburg ___ _ 58,500 2'26,200 The point I make is that while we were trying to discuss that Sitkoh Bay Cannery_ ..... do------Sitkoh Bay---· 60,000 171,900 bill on this floor half a dozen members spoke on each side of Sant::.t. Rita Cannery ...... do------Dundas Bay __ _ 21,750 70,000 Talru Fish Co. Can------dO------·--··- Port Snet- 14,574 47,712 this question, each one giving his version of the conditions that nery:. tisham. existed in Alaska; each of these statements were widely at vari Taku Pack. Co. Can- _____ do--·----·------Taku Inlet..... 27,000 78,000 ance with the others, and could not all have been correct; and ncry. yet each member relied on his understanding of conditions in ¥~~ret ca::a~~ Pi~- =====~g ==~====:::::: =~~l~~~~~: 19,39726 536 Alaska as his justi:Q.cation for his vote on that measure. Now, Cannery. • no one can blame this House if we make a mistake when we have Thlinket8ant&Anna -----dO---···------SantaAnnaln- 24,983 87,4-W Cannery. let. acted according to the best light we have. But when we have an 0 87,500 opportunity to get more light and fail to avail ourselves of it, ~;Jclf!Ir ~~ryc~n.:· -NortA.~'k8:sa.i:- I~c~k":River: ~:~ 81,550 then we lay ourselves open to the just criticism of mankind. nery,No.1. mon Co. . KvicliaJ;: River Can- _____ do __ ------_____ do------____ 23,4.00 81,900 On the occasion of that debate if we had had a well-informed nery.No.2. Delegate from Alaska on this floor, think how much light he could Naknek Cannery ____ _ Naknek Pack. Co __ Naknek _____ , __ 41,000 136,400 have given ns on this subject. Bristol Bay Cannery_ Bristol Packing Co. UgashukRiver ll,400 38,970 Koggiung Saltery ___ _ Northwestern Koggiung ______5.500 15,4.00 I know that some men have objected to giving Alaska a Dele Packing Co. gate because it will cost several thousand dollars. I will get to Kla'Wll.k Cannery ____ _ N. P. Trading and Klawak ------36,412 113,000 that interesting phase of this question shortly. But I may be Nushagak Cannery .. ~~c~~~iien's Nushaguk 88,724 135,450 permitted to remark in passing that, in reference to this salmon Packing Oo. River. question alone, we were trying to legislate in the dark with ref Chuitna River Can- Alaska Salmon Chuitna River_ ll,4.80 40,3·1-2 erence to an industry whose annual output represents $7,000,000, nery. Ass'n. Ketchikan Cannery __ Fidal~o Island Ketchikan----- 49,326 155,000 when, with the comparatively tJ:ifling expense of securing a Packing Co. Delegate, we might have always at hand the best information XXXVI-G9 IU!JO UO.N GRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22,
obtainable regarding that region and its people, with the pro carrots, radishes, beets, and a great many other vegetables can tection of whose rights and property we are sacredly charged. be produced there. Agriculture could be successfully carried on AO RIOULTURE IN ALASKA. in this country." After he stated th&t he had traveled over a It is not generally known to the world at large that Alaska is a great deal of the Territory of Alaska, he states that ''in the region with splendid agricultural possibilities. The reason that Tanana Valley agriculture could be carried on very success these po sibilities are not known is because every tourist that ever fully." starteu for Alaska and never got farther than Wrangell or Sitka These quotations are from page 307 of the Annual Report of the came back to the United States loaded with a highly colored assort Alaska Agricultural Experiment Station for 1901, by C. C. ment of Inisinformation, and immediately began to write hair Georgeson. raising descriptions of his visit to the " frozen north," "the land At page 340 of the same report Professor Georgeson says: "The of the Inidnight sun." He would write four columns about the mineral resources of the Territory have not been fathomed. We J glories of the Muir glacier, and the beauties of the floating ice only know that they are vast and it must take a long time to ex berg, but nothing about agriculture. haust them. But great as is this hidden wealth, it can not build Ev-ery alleged poet that never got farther west in his whole life a State unaided. If agriculture is not developed in the Territory, than Poughkeepsie, N.Y., has worn the table of synonyms into Alaska must forever remain what it now is. Alaska can furnish a frazzle describing (?) Alaska. Here is a select sample: homesteads of 320 acres each to 200,000 families. She has abun dant resources to support a population of at least 3,000,000 peo Now far he sweeps, where scarce a summer smiles On Berin~'s rocks or Greenland's naked isles; ple.'' '' The reason,'' he says, '' that Alaska is not settled is be Cold on hiS midnight watch the breezes blow, cause the settlers can not get title to land, and as the laws are From wastes that slumber in eternal snow; now, at best he is only allowed 80 acres." Professor Georgeson And waft across the wavos' tumultuous roar, The wolf's long howl from Oonalaska's shore. states that 320 acres would be more in harmony with the condi tions, which require considerable pasture lands to make farming That is what one poet wrote about Alaska. There is enough a success. frozen metaphor in that one stanza to blight the bloom of the Secretary of Agriculture Wilson is now seeking an appropria Tropical Zone! [Laughter.] tion by Congress whereby he can experiment with Polled Angus Now, then, as a matter of fact which may surprise some of you cattle in Alaska, and predicts that if Congress will pass a liberal gentlemen here, at Sitka, the capital of Alaska, it never gets cold land law thousands of Americans will go to that country, which enough to freeze ice in the winter; so that the residents of that he believes to be one of the greatest futm·e stock-raising countries portion of Alaska are obliged to ship manufactured ice from the in the world, as well as a great grass country; therefore the great United States to supply their wants during the summer! wealth of Alaska will come from her agricultm·al possibilities. There was an Alaskan prospector who had put in two winters Notwithstanding the immense amounts of gold that Alaska will under the shadow of the Arctic Circle. He made some money and give to the world, agriculture and stock raising will be the futu1·e came out to" the States" to have a good time during the winter. great wealth and foundation upon which to build and support a He was a great curiosity. People wondered how a human being great population in that country. could live in the intense cold of that far north. The March number (1902) of the National Geographic Magazine He started forNewYork City. He had gotten along very well contains a brief article upon the conditions in and the possibilities with the weather in Alaska, but when he started across the north of Alaska, by C. C. Georgeson, of Sitka, Alaska, he bemg a special ern end of the United States in January then he discovered, in a agent of the United States Department of Agriculture in charge climatic sense, that he was getting next the business end of the real of the agricultural investigations in Alaska. This article is not thing. He was cold when he got to St. Paul; he was colder still lengthy, but it contains so much general and valuable informa when the breeze from the lake struck him at Chicago, and at tion and corrects so many false opinions regarding Alaska that I Buffalo, N.Y., they found him frozen to death-stiff as an alpen herewith incorporate the same into my remarks: stock, by the stove in the smoking car. [Great laughter.] That, TIIE POSSIBILITIES OF ALASKA. Mr. Chairman, is a truthful recital of the sad and shocking end [By C. C. Georgeson. of Sitka, .Alaska, special agent of United States Depart of Icicle Ike, of Coldfoot, Alaska. [Renewed laughter.] ment of Agriculture in charge of Alaska investigations.] Mr. PAYNE. Will the gentleman allow me a question? Does He would have been considered a rash prophet who fl.ve years ago bad the he think it would be kind to bring a gentleman down from Alaska temerity to predict that .Alaska would one day become a great and powerful State. to such a cold country as this? Yet, to-day, such a prediction would not be ascribed to prophetic sight, but Mr. CUSID!AN. If he did not have to come through the State simply a common-sense view, a foreg~ne conclusion, based on the r~sources of New York en route he would be all right. fRenewed laughter.] aud possibilities inherent in the Territory. The change o~ opinion 18 d~;te.t? tbe fact that it has been demonstrated that Alaska hasagrlC'ulturalpossibili Mr. PAYNE. He would have to come through Washington ties of a high order. The development of agriculture wlll enhance tbe value State. of the other vast and varied resources of the Territory a thousandfold. It Mr. CUSHMAN. The State of Washington-that is the ba will make it possible to work the exten<;ive phcer mine'3 not rich enough in gold to pay at the present prices for foodstuffs, as well as tho enormous de nana belt. where the orange blossoms growl [Renewed laughter.] posits of low-grade quartz ores found nearly everywhere in the mountains. Alaska has two valleys alone-namely, the Tanana River Valley Alaska has been maligned, abusod, and totally misunderstood. It bas and the Copper River Valley-which contain agricultural land been regarded as a frozen, worthless waste, whose ·only value consiRted in its seal fisheries, and totally incapable of furni!:!hing homes for a civilized people. equal in area to the great States of Iowa and Ohio and capable These ideas are still current even in quarters where one would naturally ex of as high a degree of cultivation as those two States. In the pect to find a knowledge of the facts. Through the instrumentality of Sec Tanana River Valley alone there is 50,000 square miles of the retary Seward, Alaska was :QUrchased from Russia in 1807 for the sum of 7,:.!00,000. It has already paid for itself many times over, and still we have finest kind of agricultural and grazing land, while in the Copper scarcely begun to realize how enormous the resources are. What the profits River Valley there is 35,000 square Iniles of the same kind of land. to the less s of the sealing privilege have been will probably never be made C. C. Georgeson, special agent in charge of the experiment sta known but it is interesting to note that the rentals received or due the Gov tion of the Department of Agriculture in Alaska, in speaking of ernme:t'tt for the lease of this :privilege from 1870 to 1895 am.ounted to almost the original cost of the Terntory, namely, 7,19'~,540.41 (Senate Document the Copper River Valley, says: "The Copper River Valley has a No 81 Fifty-fourth Congress, second session); and as to the income from · great future. It will one day be a rich and flourishing country, milles: it is commonly reported that more thf!-n an equals~ has been tak~n and perhaps the most populous region of the future State of from a single mine near Juneau, to say nothing of the milhons taken out m Ala ka. Here are opportunities for thousands of fainilies to ot~h~;;.ch!,~ an area of 591,000 square miles, in round numbers· thatistosay, make homes for themselves and gain independence." He says it is as large as all of the United States .east of the Mississipp(R~vel;', exclu further that the Government will have to make the homestead sive of the four States of Florida, Georgm, .Alabama, and MissiSSippi. It re quires an effort of the mind to grasp the sig~cance o~ SU;ch an expanse of laws so liberal that it will offer an inducement for settlers to go territory. There never could be a greater m1.sconcopt1on m reg~d to !l geo upon the land. graphical fact than the popular idea that it 1s a snow-c~vered, mhosp1table In the same report there is a communication from J'. Lindley waste, and it is strange that this idea should be so persistently propagated and disseminated among the people. As a matter of fact, you can travel Green who has made an extended tour through the valley of the from one end of the Yukon to the other in summer time and never see snow. Tanan~ River, and in which he says: "I also found v~ry exten You see on the contrary, a tangle of luxuriant vegetatio~ large forests, and such delicacies as wild raspberries, red currants, huckleberries. and cran sive portions with a rank growth of grass. The grass 1s perhaps berries in profusion. In plil.ces the grass grows as high as a man's shoulder. the same as the red-top grass, or herd grass, we have in the States, At Holy Cross Mission I desired to photograph some cattle, native born, and this variety is found in every part of Alaska." . He says that t•eared by the fathers, and for that purpose asked that they be turned into a meadow reserved for hay. To my astonishment I found that the cattle were he did not find anything in any o~her ~art of tJ:e country.to equal totally out of sight when they got into the grass, which reached above their the grass in the Tanana Valley, mther m qua?tity or quality. He backs. further says: "This grass grows to the he1ght of from 4 to 4-! Alaskan touri<~ts are largely responsible for the false conception which is abroad in regard to tbe agricultural possibilities of the country. The high feet, and will produce from 2 to 3 tons of ha~ per acre.. The~e mountain range which skirts the sea coast is covered with snow and glaciers. are places where a mowing machine can be dnven for 5 mil.es m It has a rugged, forbidding aspect. People who go as far north as Skagway one direction without lifting the sickle bar. As fine a quality of and back again to Seattle in a two weeks' trip fondly imagine that they are studying Aln.ska, and that they are qnite prepared to pass judgment on the hay can be produced there as can be produced anywh.ere. I be whole Territoryhwhen, as a matter of fact, they have not been within 200 lieve spring wheat, oats, and barley will mature there 1f prop~rly miles of the one undred and forty-first meridian, where Alaska proper be handlecl. I know that potatoes, cabbage, peas, beans, turmps, gins. To get anything like a correct idea of Alaska., one must go inside. 1903. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. 1091
WIIAT EXPERIMENT HAS PROVED. contrary, it would be of the greatest possible help to the mining industry. Facts ought to carry greater weight than theories founded on misconcep It would. reduce the cost of living, make labor more plentiful, and therefore tion. Now, the facts are that ull the ha1·dy vegetables are g-rown with cheaper, and give rise to better transportation facilities. It would then be marked success all over Alaska. south of the arctic circle, except on the come possible to work the low-grade mines with profit and to materially in coast of Bering Sea. I ha>e ne>er seen finer potatoes, cauliflower, cabbage, crease the profits of the good mines. kale, pens. lettuce, and. radishes than haT"e been grown at the experiment THE EXAMPLE OF FINLAND. stations at Sitka o.nd. Kenai. At Dawson I haT"e seen a magnificent display The foregoin~ statements are borne out by the example of Finland. This of natiT"e-grown >egetables comprising all the hardy kinds; and at the cham little country lies wholly north of the sixtieth parallel. Alaska reaches 6- ber of commerce rooms of that town are displayed fine samples of barley degrees south of this latitude. Finland is leaR than one-fourth the size of oats, and wheat in many varieties, perfectly normal in all particulars, and Alaska, and its agriculturo.l area is less than 50,000 sq.uaro miles; yet in 1898 grown there by a local experimenter. At Engle I have seen all the foregoing Finlana had a population of over 2,600,000 souls. Agriculture is the chief in crop , and in addition a luxuriant growth of sweet peas, poppies, mignonette, dustry. Only aboutBOO,OOOpeople are city dwellers. They export large quan and a host of other flowers in full bloom. tities of dairy products, live stock, flax, hemp, and considerable grain, and At Holy Cross Mi.Rsion I ate new potatoes, cauliflower, cabbage, carrots, the population has increased some 825,000 in the last twenty eight-years, and beet~, lettuce, and radishes in the beginning of August, all produced in the this in spite of a very considerable emigration. (l6J mission gardens. At Rampart1 in latitude a station was established by the The conditions in Alaska from an agricultural standpoint are more favor Department of Agriculture in the summer or 1900. Winter rye, &eedeu there able than those of Finland. We have a larger agri.cnltm·al area, somewhat in August of that yea~·~ lived through the winter perfectly under a good warmer summers, and the mines will yield the best possible home market. coT"ering of snow. Alwough the tem-perature fell to 70° below zero, it When the fishing industry of Alaska is developed it will engage the labors of came out iTJ. the spring in perfect condition, and matured grain by the first hundreds of thousands of people, who must be fed in large measure from the of August.1HU1. Barley seeded in May of the latter year was ripe by the farms. Alaska has a coast line of 26,000 miles, practically all of which affords middle of August. AttheheadqnartersstationatSitkai haveforthreeyears splendid fishing ground. The salmon is as yet the only fish which has at past grown as fine spring wheat as one could wish to see (samples of it may tracted attention. There are thousands of square miles of cod bc'1.nks; the be seen at the Department of Agriculture), and barley and oats have been enormous halibut grounds have not been touched, and the myt·iad shoals of grown there successfully for four years. These grains have likewise been herring go by un.?e.eded. A.n oil a_nd guano fact:pry has been e~tab~shed for grown successfully at the experiment station at Kenai, on the Kenai Penin some years at Killisnou~...a little village some dlStance from S1tka, m which sula. This station is sitna ted in a region where there are thousands of square the herring is utilized. There is room for 50 such enterprises. The guano miles of l~tnd available for farming and grazing. sells readily for $30 per ton. Capt. W. R. Abercrombie, who constructed the trans-Alaskan military road, at my request seeded the :past summer small quantities of wheat, bar WHY ALASKA IS NOT SETTLED. ley, and oats at Copper Uenter, m the Copper River Valley, and he writes me With such facts as to resources, why is Alaska not settled? Simply be that they all matnr~d. Ripe oats were seen last September by Mr. Isaac cause settlers can not get title to land. There is much inquiry for land• but Jones, an employee of the Department of Agriculture, on a tributary to the when the would-be settlor learns the status of a:ffairs he changes his plans. Forty-mile in about latitude 64. Two Wisconsin men, Messrs. H. C. Nicolai To get title the settler must first buy soldiers' additional homestead scrip, and D. H. Ciirk, started to farm at Skagway two years ago. In September which can be located on unsurveyed lands. This will cost him anywhere of last year I saw considerable fields of oats, potatoes, and cabbage grown by from $5 to $15 an acre. Then he must deposit in the sru·ve¥or-general's ofiice them. On Admiralty Island, near Killisnoo, a mu.n named Thomas Baker an amount which will cover the coRt of the survey. Umted States deputy has been growing vegetables and grains foryearswithnoted success. Small surveyors charge $15 to $20 a day and traveling expenses in Alaska. He must patches of grain have been matured at Kadi.S.k, at Afognak, at the Moravian also pay for the ofiice work, entries, etc. The result of all this is that a piece Mission on the Kuskokwim River, and at many other places. At Fort Sel of raw land in Alaska will cost him as much as a good, improved farm in al kirk an 'American named Frank Bach and at Dawson two brothers named most any State. Such conditions are prohibitive and Alaska will not be set Morgan, also Americans, have secured from the. Canadian goverll?lenttracts tled as long as they prevail. Again, a homestead of 80 acres, which the law of upward of a hundred acres of land each, which they are fariOlllg success allows is not large enough. Stock raising must of necessity become a lead fully. ing branch in Alaska farming, and 80-acre stock farms will scarcely be much STOCK RAISING. in demand. Three hundred and twentv acres would be more in harmony Cattla are kept at every coDRiderable settlement in Alaska, except perhaps with conditions which require considerable pasture land to make farming a at Nome. They all do well. The treele~ regioD; to the westward of Sitka is success. especially well suited to cattle and all kinds of live stock. The Alaska Com Would it not be a wise policy to make the land a b!'!olutely free to bona fide merciul Company has kept cattle, sheep, and Angora goats at Kodiak for settle1·s? The great expense necessary to reach the Territory with work ani many years and they required but little feed and shelter, except in an occa mals, implements, and all that is required for a start, and the hardships in sional sto~ during winter. The data o;t thos~ ex;periments were publisped cident to pioneer life in a rigorous climate far from civilization, entitle the in the report to Congress on the Alaska mvestigations for 1899. Tlie natives pioneer to special consideration. The development of the Territory depends at Kenai and Ninilchik, on Cook Inlet, have kept cattle for half a century or upon his work. He must blaze the way and bear the brunt of the battle. more At the latter place they have upward of 00 head. But few breeding His courage, endurance, and self-sacrifice constitute the very foundations on cattle have as yet found their way into the interior, but horses are quite which the State must be reared. The exploitation of the Territory's re sources by wealthy corporations will not enrich or build the State. It is the n~e=~Z::;tion it is of interest to note that in spite of the extremely cold pioneer, the settler, the home makeri who, with ax and grubbing hoe, sub winters in the interior there are many instances on record in which horses dues the wilderness and forces unwi ling nature to yield him a livelihood; abandoned by prospectors in the fall have survived the winters and come out who nurtures a family; who rears the schoolhouse and church. It is he who • in the spring in fair condition. Mr. Mar~ E. ~ray,_ a:n America? miner, told is the State builder, and every practicable means employed to aid him in the me last summer that he used five mules m his mlll1Dg operatwns on one of onerous task will further the development of the Territory. the tributaries of the Tanana. He abandoned them when he went out in the GOLD AND SILVER PRODUCTION OF ALASKA. fall, it being too expensive to buy feed for them in Dawson, where he win tered. When he returned to the diggings th!=J following Ap:t:Jl he found foru· I have taken the trouble to procure from the United States of them alive and well; the fifth had been killed by the Indians. In the fall Treasury Department, Bureau of the 1\Iint, a statement of the of lil\19 Mr. Jack Dalton turned loose 45 head of pack horses he had used in production of gold and silver in Alaska from and including the carrying provisions over the J?alt~n trail,.a:nd in the spring of 1900 he found 48 of them alive and well and m fall' condition. year of 1880 ,to the year 1902, just passed. That statement is as AGRICULTURAL LANDS. follows: TREASURY DEPART~T, BURE.AU OF TilE 1\IINT, There are extensive are..'ts of grass land in many parts of the interior. lVashington, January 14., 1903. Mr. L:!aac Jones, already referred to, made a r~oonnoi!>s~nce last summer be Ron. F. W. C"C"SHMAN, tween Eagle, on the Yukon, and Valdes, on Prmce William Sound. The dis House of Representatil:es. tance between these two points as the trail runs is about 435 miles. He examined some 15 miles on either side of the trail~ thus covering an area of DEAlt Sm: Pursuant to your request I inclose herewith the following state 00 miles wide by 43.'> miles long. Within the bounaaries of this strip he esti ment, by years, of the output of gold and silver in Alaska from 1&i0 to 190'J, mate that he saw 2,0CO, OOO acres of pasture and farming land. In the l'e~Pon inclusive: occupied by the Kechumstuk Indians north of the Tanana, and especmlly along the l::>outh Fork of the Forty-IDTI.e, he reports that he crossed a meadow Silver. with the grass waist high for a distance of 8 JD.iles. He also learned of horses which had run at large for two years in this region. The Kechumstnk In Year. Gold. Coining Commer dians have given a new name to cattle. They call them "McKinley moose," value. cial value. and. Americans were known to them as "McKinley men." The chief of the village had securod an American flag, which he hoisted on a tall pole when ever he learned that white men were in his territory. There is P.ome hope 1&~ ------S6, ro:J for the civilization of a tribe which cherishes such sentiments. Mr. Jones's 1881 ------1n,OOO description of the country is highly interesting. It forms part of my report 18~2 ------1rll), ooo now before Congress. 1883------300,000 WHAT IT MEANS. 200,000 1&!4 ------·-·s2:ooo------$1)~48 The development of agriculture in Alaska means the settlement and de 18&3 ------·------300,WO velopment of the Territory. It means the making of homes, a permanent 18R6 ------·------446, (XX) 2,000 1,5fl9 pnptllation, the rapid development of the mineral resources, the creation of 18R7 ------... - 300 227 wealth, the building of a State. If, on the other hand, no foodstuffs can be 11l88 ------~~~~ 3,000 2,180 produced in Alaska, a large POJ?ulation is impossible, and it could never be 18B9 ------·------oou:ooo 10, Sill 7, 481 come a State. We can not rmo.gine the possibility of sustaining oven 1890 ------·------·-- 7£i2,500 9,697 7,&!8 100,000 people there if all that they req.nired to support life must be brought 1891 ------·------·------900,000 10,348 7, 904 from the l:)tates, a thousand miles dil:ltant, and carried hundreds of :mlles 1~92 ------·------1,000,000 10,343 7,~ 1,010,100 12, 412 7' 491 more from the ports of entry to the mining camps and villages in the in 1H94189:l ______------• ______--·------.--- terior. Under sue.h conditions development of the natural resoru·ces must l,Jl3,5i)0 28, 782 14-, 131 languish. Agriculture is the backbone of prosperity. 18!15 ------·------1,615,300 86, R80 43,953 .An adeq:nate food supply is the first essential to the growth of popnlation 1896 ------·------2,05'>,700 187,868 98,172 to prosper1ty, to greatness, and if this factor were lacking in Alaska it1 1 97 ------·------1, 778,ro:J 150,407 70, 402 'Yould be doomed to remain a scantily populated Territory. States with 1898 ------·------· ------2,524,800 119,500 54,u25 ~t~e or no agriculture make no growth. Look atNe>ada, for instance. But 1899 ------·------s,1n,ooo5,459,500 181,140 84,276 1t IS fortunii.te for Alaska, and there.fore for the whole country, for tho 1900 ------94, 772 45, 4411 g"!OWth of any section benefits the whole, that she has agricultural possibili 1901 ------6,904,400 n,uo 28,740 tiesd1J ab extent which will make the fullest development of her resom·ces 1902 ------~------.------7,823,800 73,334 00,061 Er!lli ca le. Alaska can furnish homesteads of 320 acres each to 200,000 a, .. , fxiJ· She has abundant resources to support a population of at least Total ------_----- _------·--- ,44:, 000,650 1,054, 316 513,3-14 a,vvv. peop1 e. Such a population would mean a volume of trade which would yield an immense and permanent income to the coast States. There We have no figures back of 1880. are P 6?P.le who fear that the development of agriculture would prejudice Respectfully, GEO. E. ROBERTS, the mmmg interests. Nothing could be further from the truth. On the Director of the Mint. 1092 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22,
It would really eem that a region that in the past three years call your attention to Honse bill 227, entitled "An act to amend section 1 of the act of Congress approved May U, lil!IS," and H. R. 231, entitled "A bill has been annually pouring out a gold production of over $7 ,eOO,OOO amending the act entitled 'An act to authorize the entry of lands chiefly per annum ought to be entitled to some kind of representation on >alnable 1'or building stone,' approved August 4, WJ2, and making it applica thi floor. I surely hope no member will object to the passage of ble to Alaska." The only lands surveyed in that district are those surveyed under the ln. ws this pending bill to give to the people of Alaska a Delegate on the permitting mineral entries, entries for trade and busines!'. or for the location ground of the cost. It will ill become us to turn toward a people of soldiers' additional home;;tead rights. None have been surveyed into whose hardihood and whoso pluck have been the means of pro sections and townshiJ?s. The last annual report of this office shows that of the :AAI,1tl1,«4 acres (estimated) in thAt district but 2,~ acres have boon ducing so much wealth and say to them that we are opposetl to smTeyed. . their having a Delegate because it costs too much. I1 you find that I can be of further service in this matter I will very gladly respond to any additional suggestions you may make. LA.ND LAWS OF .A.L.ASKA. Yours, truly, A most peculiar and anomalous condition exists in Alaska with BINGER HERMANN, Commissioner. reference to the land laws for that region. The general land laws of the United States have heretofore by DEPAR~""T OF THE INTERIOR, GENERAL LAND 0FFTOE, Washington, lJ. 0., January 1.#, 1903. Congressional enactment been extended to Alaska. But, by rea Ron. FRANCIS W. OuSRMA.N, son of the peculiar conditions existing in Ala ka, these laws are House of Representatives. not applicable and are absolutely inoperative. This peculiar sit MY D:mA.R S:rn: Referring to your verbal request, I will supplement my uation has tended to produce great confusion in the minds of many letter of March 29,1!Xe, by mentioning the fact that the only ln.w enn.cte
unpacked and inspected it was found to consist of a barrel of tory upon which a license tax is levied: Abstract offices, banks, whisky and one loaf of bread. The assembled miners surveyed the boarding houses, brokers, breweries, cigar manufacturers, public supplies for a little while in silence, and then the patriarch of the docks, wharves, and warehouses, fisheries, freight and passenger camp exclaimed, " Great God, Bill, what do you expect to do transportation lines, hotels, insurance agents, mines, mercantile with all that bread?" establishments, meat markets, manufactories, physicians, planing The question that is now agitating me most keenly is, what on mills, pawnbrokers, pedlers, patent-medicine venders, restaurants, earth are we going to do with all that sm·veyed land in Alaska? real estate dealers, ships and shipping, sawmills, steam ferries, In order to fully understand the direct connection that exists toll roads or trails, tramways, transfer companies, taxidermists, between the extension of the homestead laws to Alaska and the theaters, waterworks. Government surveys being extended to the lands in Alaska I would The provisions of this law have an alphabetical range from state: A toW, covering all business and property included within this The homestead law of the United States only permits the citi- 1·ange. One prominent resident of Alaska facetiously remarked zen to locate his homestead on public land that has been surveyed. that the only thing that prevented the American Congress from Now, then, practicallynoneofthelandinAlaskahaseverbeensm·- levying a tax on zebras was not the matter of Congressional veyed. Therefore, when you speak of the homestead laws being modesty, but the climatic difficulty of rearing those animals in extended to Alaska, the statement is grossly misleading. To ex- Alaska. tend the homestead laws to any portion of the United States with- Now, then, under the provisions of this license tax law, which out at the same time extending the Government surveys is like has been in force and effect in Alaska since· July 1, 1899, the producing the play of Hamlet with the melancholy Dane left out. United States Government has collected from the citizens of At this session of Congress this House has already passed a bill Alaska the sum of almost $400,000. (H. R. 12098, passed the House Decembar 6, 1902) increasing the This money has not been left in Alaska for benefit and develop amount of land which a homesteaderma.ytake in Alaska from 80 ment of that country or for the aid of the inhabitants thereof, acres to 320 acres. This bill is now pending before the Senate but has been placed in the United States Treasury to help pay the and should pass at this session. · debts and running expenses of the General Government. There is one important change in that bill that should be made The history of the Unit-ed States Government from the organi- in the Senate, and the. amendment subsequently agreed to in this zation of the thirteen original States clear down to the last tick House; that is, an amendment to this bill ·permitting the home- of the clock does not contain a parallel in our treatment of any steader in Alaska to take his homestead on either surveyed or un- other Territory to that which we have accorded to Alaska. surveyed lands. Such a law has heretofore been passed in regard In other Territories we have made appropriations directly from to some of our Western States where the public domain had not the United States Treasury to build up and develop the Terri b een surveyed, and it proved to be an excellent measure. tory. In the case of Alaska we have levied an unwarranted and When the homestea-der is permitted to settle on unsurveyed indefensible tax on them to help build up the rest of the Federal land, he simply stakes out his homestea-d like a miner would stake domain. out a mining claim. The only restriction on him should be that I make free to say that there is in all our annals no precedent in staking out his homestead on unsurveyed public lands in Alaska for our peculiar treatment of Alaska. the lines of his homestead claim should run north and south The American Congress, as the lawmaking body having juris and east and west. Then, after he has resided on this land five diction over the Territories of the United States, owes it to itself years and proved up, he gets title to this land, whether the pub- and to them to repeal the Alaska license law to the very last line lie surveys have been extended over this region or not. When I and letter. the public surveys are extended over this region, the lines of his It is hard enough for the pioneers of our country to develop the homestead remain just as he originally staked them out. resources of our far-away frontier 1.mencnmbered, and there is no Now, that is the kind of a land law that Alaska needs, and the excuse for our levying tax upon their industry and demanding enactment of such a law as that will do more for the promotion tribute of their toil. of industry, the permanent settlement, and the speedy development BILLs Th~RonucED RELATING To ALASKA.. of Alaska than everything else combined that has been done for The following is a list of bills introduced in the first session of that Territory since it passed from under the dominion ·of the the Fifty-seventh Congress relating to Ala-ska: Czar. - HOUSE BILLS. LICENSE LAW OF .ALASKA.. Bill to provide a. Delegate from Alaska to -the House of Representatives. On March 3, 1899, Congress enacted a license tax law for the H. R. 9865. (By Mr. CusHMAN, of Washington.) · district of Alaska, on occupations and business, and not on prop Bill to prevent the extermination of fur-bearing animals of Alaslla. H. R. 13387. erty. The legislation was unprecedented-in one case particu Bill to~otect game and fish of Alaska. H. R. 11535. (Passed the House larly, a liquor dealer pays $25 a year for a retail liquor license. 8 This is collected by the collector of internal revenue for Oregon, APEfr r~divtding Alaska into three judicial districts. H. R.ll599. (Passed the House Ma.y 23, 1902.) to which Alaska is attached for internal-revenue purposes. By Bill reducing the number of land offices in Alaska. H. R. 8593. the license tax law of Alaska, passed as above stated, the liquor Bill to encourage salmon culture in Alaska, H. R. 9976. dealer is: required to pay for the privilege of engaging in busiJ .ess Bill to grant Trans-Alaskan Railway Company right of way in Alaska, H.R. 4387. an additional tax. Thls tax is graduated-where the popula .ion Bill to prohibitlocation of mining claims by power of attorney, H. R. 78. is 1,000 or less, $500; more than 1,000, $1,500, per year. Bills to provide for the election of a. Delegate from Alaska. to House of On June 6, 1900, Congress passed a civil code for the distn ;t of Representatives, H. R. 79 and 6522 (by Mr. LLOYD, of Missouri). Bill to amend act extending homestead laws to Alaska, H. R. 2i!7. Alaska. This code provided for the incorporation of toWL.s in Bill extenging laws to Alaska relative to building-stone lands, H. R. 231. Alaska, and further provided that one-half of the license money Bill to prevent location of placer mining claims in Alaska by power of collected by the Government within the incorporated towns attorney, H. R. 3091. Bill to prevent extinction of fur-bearing animals in Alaska, H. R. 4-336. should be tm-ned over to the municipality to be used exclu.Sively Bill to amend act establishing civil government for Alaska, H. R. 794±. for school purposes. In 1901 Congress amended it still further by Bill to reduce number of land offices in Alaska, H. R. 8593. providing that if it was shown to the judge of the district court Bill to establish gas buoys along coast of Alaska, H. R. 8737. Bill to encourage salmon culture in Alaska H. R. 9201. where the incorporated town was situated that 50 per cent was Bill to extend public-land laws to Alaska, H. R. 9514. not required for school purposes, all over and above that required Bill to authorize leasing of islands in Alaska for breeding of fur-bearing for school purposes could be used by the council for general animals, H. R. 10296. ....L Bill to grant right of way to Chilcat Railroad Company, .tl. R. 10785. and municipal purposes. Bill to divide Alaska. into three recording and judicial divisions, H. R. There is a bill to amend the civil code now pending before the m• . Senate which provides that all the license money collected within Bill to provide for the organization of privatecorpora.tjons in Alaska, H. R. 12595. incorporated towns shall go to the municipality, not less than 25 Bill to grant a right of way to Alaska Southern Railroad Company, H. R. per cent for school purposes, nor more than 50 per cent, and the 12100. balance to the municipality. Bill to extend timber-land act of United States to Alas~.2.-.Jil.: R. 12117. Bill relative to license money collected in Alaska., H. R . .1ZiSIJI. Under this license law for Alaska a license is required by the Bill to erect a ;.mblic building at Juneau, H. R. 12401. United States Government of all people in Alaska engaging in Bill to grant title to certain school lands to city of Juneau, H. R. 12866. almost every conceivable kind of business. Bill to amend political code of Alaska, H. R. 13388. Bill to grant land to Alaskan Gulf and Yukon Railroad Company, H. R. Requiring this license of the inhabitants of Ala-ska before they 13389. - are permitted to engage in business simply amounts to levying a Bill granting right of way for telegraph and telephone lines in Alaska, tax, equal to the amount of the license, on each branch of busi H. R.13873. ness prosecuted in Alaska. The provisions of this license law are SENATE BILLS. Bill to increase marshal's bond, S. 2044. (Passed and approved and is now found in chapter 44 of the Criminal Code of Alaska, being the act law.). • approved March 3, 1899. • Bill for establishment of light-house and fog-signal station on coast of Under the provisions of this law a license or tax is levied upon Alaska, S.~7. Bill t o grant Trans-Alaskan Raih·oad Company right of way, S. 1296. almost every conceivable business in Alaska. For instance, I Bill to grant land to Women's Home Missionary Society of Methodist Epis- quoto here some of the different kinds of business in that Terri- copal Church, S.MOO. · . -
1094 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE., JANUARY 22,
Bill to establish gas buoys along the coast of Alaska., S. 3104. History of former aamissions-Continued. Bill to divide Alaska into three recording and judicial divisions, S. 4068. Bill for the protection of game in Alaska, S. 4002. Year of G Approxi- Bill to provide for the organization of private corporations, S. 4531. ·s- r(oss area.matepopu- Bill to grant Alaska Southern Railroad a right of way, S. 4338. Territory. adnn squa.re lation at Bill to grant title to school lands to city of Juneau, S. 4616. sion. miles). admission. The foregoing list shows that there have been during this ses sion of Congress 30 bills introduced in the House and 10 in the California_·····---···--·--··---···--·-··---·· 1850 158,360 92,570 Senate relating to Alaska. An examination of these bills shows Minnesota-----.··-··------···-· •••••• ------1858 83, 365 120,000 1859 96,000 43,000 that they relate to 28 different subjects, and all of them are ~~~~ :::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::: 1861 82,080 important. 1863 24,780 ~·~ Now then, in attempting to consider the legislation contem ife~J:~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1864 110,700 18:ooo Nebraska ____ ------··-·------·---··- 1867 77,510 85,000 plated in all these bills, I say there is not a man on the floor of Colorado __ ---· ____ ------·. ·---· ______----- 1876 103,925 117,000 this House who has more than a slight and general knowledge North Dakota_------·--··-··--··-·----·-···· 1889 70,795 160,000 concerning any of these subjects or the conditions which exist in South Dakota------1889 77,650 000,000 Montana. _____ -·-··----···------·------1889 146,080 112,000 Alaska affecting these various matters. 1889 69,180 273,000 This state of affairs shows conclusively that if we are going to ~!~~~~~: ==== :::::: ::::::::::~:~::::::: :::: 1890 84,800 try to legislate for Alaska that we need someone on this floor who 1890 97,890 ~ · ~ is intimately acquainted with the conditions in that region to ~fu~~~~-:::::::::::: ~::::::::: ::::::::::::::: 1896 84,970 242:00) furnish us information on all these various topics. Permit me to remark, Mr. Chairman, that it is a most difficult ARE.A. ..U.TD POPULATION. Similar data concerning the four candidates for admission now compare task we are called upon to perform in this Chamber, to wit, legislat as follows with the foregoing: ing in regard to the rights and for the benefit of 76,000,000 of people. • Oftentimes in this Chamber it becomes a most difficult task ~~~:s P~p~ APJ~~xi- for us to enact a law that will meet a certain emergency or relieve Territory. Y ear. (sq_uare tiOn m population a given condition. miles). 1000· m 1902. But how much more difficult, aye, how utterly impossible be ------~-----· 1 ----- comes our task when we are asked and required to legislate to Arizona.. ______--·_------·-··---·-- 1902 113,020 122,931 133,000 relieve a certain condition and we have no way of absolutely in 1902 31,400 392,060 428,000 If~~~;[~~~~~==~~::::::::::::::::::: 1002 122,580 195,310 202,000 forming ourselves exactly what that condition is or what con 1902 39,000 398,331 trolliiig causes produced the condition. Oklahoma. • ----- ____ -··------····---·---- 455,000 And yet that is exactly the condition in which this body is often Statement of revenues from Alaska since date of purchase in 1869. placed when we are trying to consider legislation for Alaska. I have seen it half a dozen times on this floor in my short service in Year. Customs. Public Tax on seal Rent of seal Miscella- this body. lands. skins. islands. neous. NEED FOR A DELEGATE. Not only are the Alaskan people entitled to a Delegate in Con 1869------1870- _·______$18,504.004,655.22 ------•-····-·-··------········· gress for their benefit, but we, as members of this lawmaking 1871 __ --··· ______4, 097. 47 =--·-- ___ : -sioi~ os0~ oo- :::::::::::::: :::::::::::: body, ought to give them a Delegate for our own benefit. 1872 ------· ------1, 019.94 ----·· ---- 32"2,86& 38 ------••••• ---··· 1873------_.______---·------252,181.12 $55 000 00 There should be some man on this floor authorized to speak 187L______321.93 ______272,081.25 55:ooo:oo a-S29:529:i7 authoritatively for the people and the interests of that mighty 1875------405.89 -····----- 262,494.75 55,000.00 -----·-···-· region. 1876 ------·-· ---·-- 262,584.00 55,000.00 ------1877------.54 ------236,155.50 55,000.00 ------There should be some man here whose credentials would make 1878______4,814.75 ------·-- 198,255.75 55,000.00 ····-·--·--· him responsible to us for what he says on this floor, and who 1879 ----·------437.18 ------262,447.50 55,000.00 ------would also, by reason of his position, be responsible to the people 1880______1,950.50 ------262,400. 25 55,000.00 ------1881______2,188.63 ------262,594.50 55,000.00 ------· at home who elect him. 1882______1,00>.66 ------261,885.75 55,000.00 ------At present we are dependent for our information regarding 1883______2,856.52 ------262,295.25 55,000.00 ------· Alaska on anyone we may be able to pick up from that region. 1884______645.4.{) ------·-- 196,875.00 55,000.00 ----····---- 1885------298.09 ------262,400.25 55,000.00 ------At the present time every piece of humanity that happens to blow 1886______1,276.42 ------262,489.50 55,000.00 b1,000. _00 in upon·us from that far-away region, behewiseor foolish, drunk 1887------·------3, 262.56 $375.00 262,452.75 55,000.00 ------· or sober, immediately proclaims himself to be the only simon 1888 ·---·------2,338.44 ------.262,500.00 55,000.00 ------1889______5,037.36 2,610.00 262,500.00 55,000.00 ------pure, washed-in-the-wool, blown-in-the-bottle, fully authorized, 1890- ----·------6, 926.83 750.00 262,500.00 ------and properly labeled walking delegate from Alaska! [Laughter.] 1891______3,256.17 2,661.00 214,673.88 55,000.00 ---····-··-· Now, then, when we are considering in this body legislation for a 1892------5,831.03 420.00 46,749.23 ---·------···· 1893---·------6,723.33 515.00 23,972.60 FoxJslands ------····· region as big as that portion of the United States east of the Mis 1894 ------16,322.00 2, 7'o:l>.47 96,159.82 500.00 ------·· sissippi River, legislation that affects property rights and com 1895------12,480.68 985750·.0000 163,916.97 700.00 ---····-···· merce that mount in. their aggregate value into the millions of 1896______8,335.58 153,3'75.00 1,100.00 ------···· 1897------10,858.80 345135·. 0000 306,750.00 1,100.00 ------dollars, we ought not to be dependent for our information on any 1898______35,586.60 212,332.35 700.00 ------· and every piece of human flotsam and jetsam that the Alaskan 1899- •••••• ------47,979.86 591.00 184,377.20 000.00 --·------· tide happens to deposit at our door! 1000----··-·------57,623.62 2,376.32 224,476.47 1,ln).00 c157,234.94 1901---·------86,593.15 1,889.66 229,755.75 2,900.00 147,255.33 I desire to insert at this point in my remarks certain tables, 1902 (9months) __ 51,922.09 4,754.26 231,821.20 -----·------c66,950.94 letters, statements, and statistics relating to Alaska, which have a bearing upon this bill we are now discussing: TotaL------405,597.54 21,887.71 7,079, 396.97 999,100.00 4D1, 970.38 Grand totaL------·------·------·-··------8,907,952.60 POPULATION OF DIFFERENT STATES AT THE DATE OF THEm ADMISSION, AND AMOUNT OF TERRITORY THEREIN. a Sale of seal skins taken by Government agents. Thirty-two States have joined the Union since the adoption of the Federal bForfeiture for taking seaLs unlawfully. Constitution. Most singularly there have been contests over the admission c License fees. of a large majority of them, in some instances resulting in long delays. The rollowmg tabulation will be of interest: Shipments of domestic mercJtandise from Alaska to the United States, by History of former admissions. articles. Approxi- Five months end· Y ear o f G :r:_oss area mate popu- November, 1902. ing Novetnbor, Territory. adm.is- (square lationat 1902. sion. miles). admission. Articles. Quan tities. Values. g~~~ Values. Vermont --···· ------· -·-·-·. --·-· -·-·-- -~- 1791 92,000 Kentucky • ----·. -·-··- ----·· --····---··· ·-···· 1792 97,000 Tennessee-----·-----··---·-----·····------1796 71,000 AnimaLs ----- _------·------·· -····· -··----- $155 ------$1,693 180"2 76,000 Bones, hoofs, horns, etc_------•••••• ···--··· 700 ------1,650 ~~Jsiana~ :::::::::::: :::::~::::::: :::::::::::: 181.2 "92,000 Books, maps, etc ______---·----·------756 ------2,086 1816 96,000 Copper, and manufactures of--·------17,525 ------62,968 1817 70,000 Cotton, manufactures of-··--·····-·----- 318 ------4,275 =::::::::: :::::: 1818 4.{),000 Fibers,manufa.ctures of--····--···---·-·· ------522 4,882 AlabamaIt;!~~~~i~= ---· ===:=== -·-·-- =~======____ ------:::_____ -·-·· ____ ---- 181.9 120,000 Fertilizers ------······-···--tons__ 261 7,240 --~-oo ;r 16,713 1820 293,336 Fish: ~o~: ~::=::::== ::::====~~=====::::::: :::::: 1821 73,000 Cod, haddock, etc _••••• _••••• pounds__ 340 9 490,600 22,849 Arkansas ______------_____ ------1836 63,000 Salmon ------_----- ·------1,194,'1'71. ------8,619,120 1837 137,000 • All other_--·--··-···-.----·--·------·- ___ _ 60,772 ------71,4Z7 1845 150,000 Furs and fur skins-·····------·····-····· ······-- 18,917 (.1.58,20<1 1845 69,000 Iron and steel, and manufactures of------13,sgr ------64,870 Leather: Boots and shoes ______pairs__ 37 --i~ 285- U~Iili~~ ~ ::~::: ~ ~:~: =:j:( jjjjj(ii ;;;;I 1846 69,000 Oils: Fish ______gallons __ 32,303 2,324 :::: :: 1848 212,000 8,000 107,223 25,859
' I I i 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1095
Shipments of domestic merchandise fron~ Alaska, etc.-Continued. Total commerce of Alaska.
Five months end Five November, 1902. ingNf~~bex:_, Novem months Articles. ber, 1902. ;~~J- ber, 1902. ~W!: Values. ~~~: Values.
Provisions, comprising meat and dairy s~fa.~~~~-~~ ~-~~~~~-~~=~~~~~~~~:~~ :!~~-~- $294,253 $3,045,675 products ...... ••...•.....•• ------$1,140 ..•••... 1, 796 Shipments of foreign merchandise from the United Spirits~ distilled ...... •. proof gallons__ 7 39 176 601 States ____ .-----.: .••••• ____ ....•••..•.• _.•.. ___ ------•••...••.... 4,700 Whaleoone .... ____ ----·· ••••••.. pounds...••.•..••••• ------. 34,407 115,994 Imports from foreign countries...... 34,291 252,371 Wood, manufactures of ••••••••....•••••• ------4,401 ------25,229 Wool, wearing appareL. ______------761 ------15,589 Total value of merchandise entering Alaska . . . • 328,544 3, 002, 776 All other articles.------20,665 ------69,933 I====I==== Shipments of foreignmerchandiseto theUnited States_ 1, 863 33, 608 Total shipments of merchandise--· ------1,350,616 1------9,478,556 s~ia~es~~-~~-~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~-~-t-~~--~~~~~- 1,350,616 9,478,556 Carried in American steam vessels------1,059, 718~------15,007,:!711 Exports of domestic merchandise to foreign countries. 122,369 1, 222,360 Carried in American sailing vessels .••.•• ------290,898 ------4,411,177 Exports of foreign merchandise to foreign countries. 458 10,486 1------~------Estimated value of merchandise shipped from Pacific coast ports to Alaska Total value of merchandise leaving Alaska...... 1,475,006 10,745,010 1 ------~------from 1868 to 1901. Total value of gold and silver leaving Alaska for the 1868.------$253,1XX> 1886 .••• ------$874, lXX) United States...... ------.. ------... . 1,051,040 13,612,646 1869.------251 lXX) 1887------···· ------1, 334,000 1870_------262:1XX) 1888.------· 1, 487, lXX) Ts~U:Sai~~ 1fa.s~~--~~~-~~-~~:.:~~~- -~~~--~~~- 8,050 100,863 1871 ___ ------216,1XX> 1889. ----·------·----- 1, 686, lXX) 1872_------427,1XX> 1890 .••• ------: ••• ---· ------1, 897,000. 187'J. ------799,000 1891 •••..• -····· ------· 1, 973,000 1874.------·· 70!, lXX) 1892.------··-- 2, 012, lXX) Shipments of gold and silver ft·om Alaska to the United States. 1875 ••••••••••••• ------633,000 1893 .••••• ------2, 317,000 1876 •••..• ------····· ------385,000 1894 ••.••• ______~·Z~·~ 1877------326,1XX> Domestic. Foreign. 1878 .•••••••••••• ------268 lXX) 1879_------317:1XX) Five Five 4£3,000 months months 1880.------548,000 Novem ending Novem 1881 •••.••••••.•• ------ber,l902. ber, 1902. ending . 1882.------585 lXX) ;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;; Ji ;: m Novem Novem 668:1XX) 1; lll~; ber, 1902. ber, 1902. 1883.------.. :. ---- 1884.------... ------615,1XX> 853,1XX> Total, 1868 to 1901. •••• 91,184,
1096 0-0NGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22,
TREASURY DEPARTMENT, FISOAL YEAR 1901. OFFICE OF THE COAST AND GEODETIO SURVEY, Receipts: "Washington, January 17, 1903. Cust.oms.... ------.-----...... ------... --- _------.----- .. $86,500.15 Hon. FRANCIS W. CusHMA....,.., Internal revenue ------____ ------.... ------19,725.02 House of Representatives, Washington, D. 0. Sales of public lands .... ------1,889. 66 Sut: In reply to your letter of January U, I have the honor to furnish the Tax on seal skins ...... ----~ .... ------~------229,755.75 following statement relative to the shore line of A.la.ska: Rent of islands for propagating foxes .....•.... ------2,900.00 Statute miles. License fees ...... _____ ...... ______. _____ ..... ----- 147,200.33 Shore line of mainland------••..•• ------13,353 Miscellaneous sources ...... __ ------..... 6,341.03 Shore line of islands.------.•.• ------.-----.... ------•••• ------12,755 Total . _____ •• _____ ------____ ...... ------...... _ 494,459.94 Total shore line of mainland and islands.------••••• ---··------26,108 Expenditures: Respectfully, yours, 4a,074.24 TITTMANN, Salaries, etc., office of governor ------...... 0. H. Superintendent. Contingent expenses, office of governor -----~------ 2,000.00 Salaries,offi.ce of sm-veyor-genera.l ------7,300.00 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Contingent expenses, office of SUI-veyor-genera.L ...... 1,500. 00 0FlHOE OF THE SECRETARY, Salaries, etc., agents at seal fisherios ------5,338.26 DIVISION OF BOOKKEEPING AND WARRANTS, Protecting salmon fisheries------____ ------5,945.65 Washington, January 17,1909. Traveling ex~anses of Territory------3,500. 46 Hon. FRANCIS W. CUSHML~, Rentand inCidentalexp :;~ nses, Territory------...... 7,00.81 House of Representatives. Buildings for United States courts .. ____ ------____ ------· 246.00 Sm: In reply to your recent verbal request to be advised relative to the Supplies for native inhabitants ______------14, 9ii0. 47 receipts and expenditures in the Territory of Alaska byyearsand in separate Expenses of steamer Thetis ------49,~.28 statements from March, 1899, to date, I have the honor to inclose statements Li~~t and fog-signal stations. ______------______5,176.26 covering the information desired, as follows: For the period from March 1 to Military telegraph and cable lines .. ------ 12d,050.00 June 00, 1899; for the fiscal year 1900; for the fiscal year 1901; for the fiscal year CoalingMilitary wha.rf,Japonski roads and brid~es Island ------______100,000.00 1802; for the first six months of fiscal year 1903. 4,379.31 Respectfully, Education of Indians------.... ------____ ------3,446. 75 H. A. TAYLOR, Acting Secretarv. Education of children ...... ------__ __ 23,767.43 Purchase of reindeer------Care and custody of insane ...... ------23,~:~ Statement of the receipts and expenditU1·es of Alaska fron~ Ma1·ch. 1, 1899, to Expensesof United States courts------387,460.33 to Decentbet· 31, 1902. 1 ,519.47 MARCH 1 TO JUNE SO, 1899. ~~~~ss~~.,:i~e~~~-~~~~~::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5. ,2-!.5.89 Receipts: Internal-Revenue Service...... ____ ------____ ------2,100.00 Customs ...... ____ ------__ ------. ______. ______Sl2,631.69 Salaries and commissions, land offices.... ------5,4.47.56 Internal revenue------.... ------7,500.00 Indian police ...... ____ .... ____ .. ------____ • _____ .----·------1,561. 98 Sales of public lands------202.50 Tax on sealskins _____ . ______-----·------____ ------184, 377.20 Total ------•. ______------1,076, 257.30 Rent of islands for propagating foxes ______300.00 Miscellaneous sources ...... ______------______------______FISCAL YEAR 1902. 7,000.00 Receipts: Total. ______------______.... ------______• ___ __ Customs ...... ------__ ---- ____ •. ______.... ______----- $62,682.47 21.2, on. 39 Internal revenue------______------____ ------23,281.17 Sales of public lands ------5,819.00 Expenditures: Tax on seal skins------~---- .... __ ... _____ ------______----- 231,8:21.20 Salaries, etc., office of governor------11,318.97 License fees (balance of 1901 receipts) ______------1,477.49 Contingent expenses, office of governor-·------1,000. 00 Lkense fees collected in incorporated towns ...... ------2"2, 46'3. ro Salaries, office of surveyor-generaL------...... ----- 920.57 License fees collected outside of incorporated towns ______71,&;4. 82 alaries, etc., agents at seal fisheries ... ______----~- ...... ------8, 998.34 Funds other than license fees available for court expenses ..• ,523.39 Protectin~ salmon fisheries _____ ------.... ------1,000 ._ 00l Funds not available for court expenses------______.... 3,]73.53 Rent and mcidental expenses of Territory_------273 3 9, 289.04: Buildings for United States courts------85.£14 Miscellaneous sources ..•.• ------·------~------0 Supplies for native inhabitants ...... _____ ------13,745. 4 Total.------...... ____ ---- ___ _ 440,393.37 Education of Indians ...... ------..... ------1, 234.07 Education of children ...... ------19, 010.72 Expenuitures: Purchase of reindeer------..... ------____ ...... ------7. 65 Salaries, otc., office of governo.r ------ 53,716.86 Contingent expenses, office of governor_------·------• 2,
Expenditures-- ontinued. Naldez: John Goodell, deputy collector. Expenses of nited States courts------·------$190,000. 00 Summit, White Pass: G. A. Waggoner, deputy collector. 60,(XX).00 UNITED STATES COURTS. 35, (XX). 00 1,100.00 Division No. 1.-Judge, Melville C. Brown, Juneau; United States attor f~~;~:~~~:;:;;~:~~::~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5,000.00 n€1y, Robert A. Friedrich, Juneau; clerk, W. J. Hills, Juneau; United States Salaries and c mm.issions, land offices .••..•.••••••••••••.•••..• marshal, James M. Shoup, Juneau. Indian police ..•.•••.•••••••••••.••••••..••••••• ----••••••.• --···· 1,000.00 United States commissioners: George E. Rodman, Wrangell; H. H. Folsom, Juneau; Carl Spuhn Killisnoo; J. J. Rogers, Skagway; George M. Girton, Total •....•.••• ----..••....••.•..•••••.••..•.•• ----••••••••.•••• 593,812.97 Porcupine; Edward de Groff, Sitka; John J. Lyons, Valdez; John H. Brown RECAPITULATION. low, Sunrise; James R. Saunders, Chesna; Philip Gallaher, Kodiak; Fmnk Receipts: A. Golder, Unga; Edward S. Stackpole, Ketchikan~Jiaillian Duncan, Metla Cus~m.s •...... •••••.•• -•.... - --··· ---···------ $268, 094. 26 kaktla; ffiysses S. Rush, Kasanj John B. Sutton., S n; George :u. Irwin, Internal revenue ...... ••..•...... ••...•••..•• --··--••...• --·--· 78,108.15 Douglas; A. R. Mackintosh, Hames. 12,045.97 Assistant United States attorneys: T. R. Lyons, Juneau;-- Shackel ~~~~James Wickersham, Eagle; United States attorney, 6 Nathan V. Harlan, Eagle; clerk, A. R. Heilig, Eagle; United States marshal, ~t~ntuli'd~:J:-~~ ~~~- ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ; !n: ~ George G. Perry, Eagle. Refuge station, Point BaiTOW ------106.67 United States commissioners: Carl M. Johanson, Eagle; C. E. Claypool, Oirclei Andrew J. Balliet, Rampart; D. A. McKenzie, Coldfoot. Assistant United States attorney: Lut]ler C. Hess, Eagle. ~PJ:tf:1ii~-~~~~~~: =~::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~: r~: u Deputy clerks: Robert M. Courtnay, Circle; James B. Wingate, Rampart. Deputy United States marshals: E. E. Reynoldson, Eagle; Edgar Wicker- ~=~~~; ~~=e~f:m~lo~~?~z= ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ll; =: ~ sham, Circle; George Dreibelbis, Rampart; James H. Johnson, Coldfoot. Scientific investigation, fur-seal fisheries------.--·------53.57 THE PROVISIONS OF THE BILL. Schools outside of incorporated towns------·------39,500.04 Survey of Portland CanaL ...... ------·------·---~------. 78 I now desire to pass from the subject of my general remarks Court-house and jail at Juneau..•.... ------·------· 612.75 Payment to Alaska EJqJloration Company...... 689.25 upon conditions in Alaska to the special provisions of this bill Transportation of destitute citizens •..... ------3, 760.00 designed to give the people of that Territory a Delegate in Con Expenses of United States cow-ts ····------l,ffi8,317.19 gress. Expenses of revenue vessels------·------537,319.56 I shall endeavor to briefly explain the exact provisions of this Customs service.------239,906.11 Internal-Revenue Service .••.• --·----·-·------··------9,110.00 bill and gi-ve some of the reasons which induced the Committee Salaries and commissions, land offices •••••• ------23,324.. 01 on the Territories to present the bill in its present form. Indian police.----·-••...•..••• ------.--·--.... 7, 061.98 I ask all members of the Committee of the House to bear in Total .••••• ------.-----.-----.------·-·--·---:•.• --~-.----- 3, 336,770.83 mind that I speak now of the provisions of H. R. 16653, the bill SUMMARY. which is pending and which will be offered as a substitute. and that I am not now speaking of H. R. 9865, in li~u of which the Receipts. Expenditures. substitute at the proper time will be offered. QUALIFICATIONS OF THE DELEGATE. March 1, 1f99, to June 30, 1899...... $212,0ll.39 $199,603.57 This bill provides that the qualifications of this Delegate shall be the same qualifications which the United States Constitution 1 requires of members of Congress. to wit, to have attained the age ~~July 1, ~=~ 1002, i~t~~~:~===~======to December 31, 190"2 ------187,642.31m:m:~ ·~:~J:~593, 812.97 of 25 years and have been seven years a citizen of the United 1----·------~------States. This bill adds the further provision, of course, that at TotaL ------...• ------1,807,096. 09 3,336, 770.83 the time said Delegate is elected he shall be a resident of the Ter.. ritory of Alaska. I hardly think that provision was necessary in OFFICIAL DIRECTORY OF ALAsKA. the bill, for I do not conceive that the people of Alaska would DIS'l"RICT GOVERNMENT. ever select anyone to represent them in the capacity of a Delegate Governor: John G. Brady. · Ex-officio secretary: William L. Distin. who was not a resident of Alaska. United Sta,tes land office: Surveyor-general, William L. Distin, Sitka; reg POWERS AND DUTIES OF SAID DELEGATE. ister, John W. Dudley, Juneau; receiver, T. M. Mullan, Juneau. Depar t ment of Agriculture: Special agent, C. C. Georgenson, Sitka. The Delegate whose election is provided for under this bill will Super !.ntendents: Fred. E. Rader, Sitka; H.P.Nielsen, Kenai; T. W. Neal, have the same·powers, duties, and privileges as are exercised and Copper Center. enjoyed by Delegates from the other Territories. There is only Bureau of Education: Agent, Sheldon Jackson; assistant agent, William Hamilton; superintendent of schools, W. A. Kelly. one matter in which the Delegate provided for in this bill would Internal revenue: John Cameron, deputy collector, Juneau. n ot stand upon an exact plane with all Delegates from other Ter CUSTOMS OFFICERS. ritories, and that o:ne matter is that this bill does not m ake as Sit ka: D. H. Jarvis, collector; J.H. Oausten, special deputy collector; Mat generous a provision for the mileage of the Delegate from Alaska thew Bridge, deputy collector; G. H. VanHouten, deputy collector; C. L. as the law accords to Delegates from other Territories. Hobar t, stenoo-rapher. Skagwa y: CJ. L. An~ews, deputy collector;_F. S. Williams, deputy: col THE MILEAGE QUESTION. -lector; H. L. Joh nson, mspector; A. J. Walker, Inspector; J. N. Wlieeler, in spector; M.. L. Sherpy, inspector; Angus Flemming, insP,ector. One of the questions that has been discussed somewhat at length . St. ;Michael: J. W. Lysons, ~eputy collector; ~- H.llifl, clerk; O.'C. Ha~t in connection with this bill is, What, if any, allowance should be mgs. mspector; M. S. Dobbs, mspector; N. W. O:Bear, mspector; G. G. Mil made to the Delegate from Alaska (for I assume that the House ler, inspector. Ketchikan: J. R. Beegle, deputy collector; J. R. Willis, deputy collector; is going to pass this bill in some form) for his mileage or traveling J. F. Pugh, inspector. expenses? Eagle : L. U. Stenger, deputy collector; J. F. Vandewall, inspector. Now, I want to ask the attention of the members of this House Juneau: H. R. Shepard, deputy collector; E. L. Hunter, inspector. F orty-mile: W. J. Idleman, deputy collector; W. F. Braggins, inspector. for a moment or two while I make a short,· clear, statement on N ome: S. J. Call, deput y collector; J. F. Sinnott, inspector. this mileage question. I will tell you what the present law is on Wrangell: F. E. Bronson, deputy collector; W. F. Thomas, inspector, the subject of the mileage of Members and Delegates, and then I Unalaska: William Gauntlett, deputy collector. Kodiak: Frederick Sargent, deputy collector. . will tell you what provision· this bill makes on that subject; and Unga: N. Christensen, deputy collector. · · . then the House can determine for itself whether it desires to 1098 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE. JANUA_R ·" approve the provisions of this bill relating to the mileage of the years by the qualified voters of Porto Rico. Sala~, $5,000 per Delegate, or to make some changes therein. annum. No seat in Congress. No mileage allow~. Under the present law every other Delegate and every Mem TWO RESIDENT COMMISSIONERS FROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ber of Congress is allowed, under existing law, 20 cents per mile each way by the shortest route of ordinary travel from his resi Section 8 of the act of July 1, 1902, provides that the first Phil dence to the Capitol at Wa-shington City; and this allowance is ippine legislature (and at each session thereafter) shall choose two made to each Member and Delegate once for every attendance resident commissioners to the United States, entitled to official - upon a regular session of Congress. recognition, and entitled to salary of $5,000 per annum each and Now, then, my idea was to make the provisions of this bill such $2,000 additional each to cover all expenses. No person eligible that the Delegate from Alaska, if the election of one is authorized, who is not a qualified elector of said islands, owing allegiance to will stand upon an exact plane with every other Member and the United States, and wb.~ i~ not 30 years of age. Delegate in reference to his allowance for mileage. However, DATE OF ELECTION DAY. there was a wide diversity of opinion on that subject among This bill fixes the election day in Alaska as the last Tuesday in the members of the Committee on Territories, which cominittee September. All the people from Alaska with whom we have considered and reported this bill. In deference to these differing been able to consult in relation to this matter have urged us to opinions, the provisions of this bill that relate to the allowance make the election day as late in the summer or autumn as possi for mileage to said Delegate are somewhat in the nature of a ble, leaving, of course, time enough after election day to get the compromise. returns from all voting precincts to the governor before the cold Instead of providing that said Delegate shall receive the usual weather of winter sets in. After a good deal of discussion and mileage allowed to Members and Delegates, this bill provides: investigation we finally decided that the last Tuesday in Septem- Provided, however, That such Delegate in lieu of all other allowances shall, ber was about the best date for election day. · in addition to his salary, receive the sum of $1,500 per annum, which shall There is no doubt in my mind that a larger vote would be cover all mileage and other expenses except stationery allowance and com pensation for clerk hire. polled if the election day could be made a month later. But we have had a good many things to consider in this connection, and I am perfectly frank with you in stating that I am so anxious the last Tuesday in September will be a satisfactory solution. to get this bill through and secure a Delegate for the people of Alaska that I will accept any provision in reference to mileage QUALIFICATIONS OF ALASKAN VOTERS. that this Honse in its wisdom wants to insert in this bill. The The qualifications r~quired of those who-shall vote in Alaska Delegate is the important thing to me in this legislation, and not for the Delegate to be elected under this bill are ve1·y few. The the mileage. bill provides: . My suggestion in reference to this matter, however, would be to That in order to be qualified to vote for said Delegate to Con- so frame this bill that the new Delegate from Alaska shall stand gress a person shall- · upon an exactly equal plane with reference to mileage with every First. Be a male citizen of the United States and have resided <>ther Member and Delegate that has ever been elected to this in Alaska not less than ninety days immediately preceding the body. I know of no reason why we should pay the native Hawai election at which he offers to vote. - ian who is the Delegate from that Territory full allowance, 20 Second. Have attained the age of 21 years. cents per mile traveling expenses by land and water, and then in Third. Be able to read and write the English or some other this bill discriminate against a native-born American citizen who European language. comes to us as a Delegate from Alaska. But, as I said, I am will These are the sole_qualifications required of each voter. We ing to accept the judgment of this House on this point, whatever thought it best in drawing this bill to make the election machinery it may be. I would be glad to get the bill pa-ssed if it did not very simple, and also the qualifications of the voter very few and make any allowance for mileage. simple. If we had in this bill attempted anything very elaborate However, in connection With the matter of the mileage to be al jn the line of election machinery, or a long period of residence for lowed to the Delegate from Alaska, and in closing my remarks each elector, then we would have had a bill that would not fit the upon that portion of this bill, I will place before this House the conditions in Alaska. following facts and data, which will aid the House in its decision THE DIVISION OF ALASKA INTO VOTING PRECINCTS. on this mileage question: · The most important provision of this bill I conceive to be the Mileage in Alaska, etc. portion of the bill which provides for the division of Alaska into ------,------,----'--- ·--voting precincts. . The first bill I drew provided that the three From- To- Miles. district judges of Alaska should each divide his own judicial dis trict into voting precincts, designating the boundaries by natural Sitka, Alaska ______a1,108.70 objects, and-issue a proclamation calling for an election on the Tacoma, Wash--·····------day provided in the bill, and as a part of said proclamation give Do .....• ------···------ Juneau,Skagway, Alaska Alaska ______--···· •••••... _ 1035 Do .. ------.... ------.--··- '934 a list and description of said voting precincts. _ Ska~way, Alaska------ White Horse •..• ------···----··· 109.79 But after consultation with others in reference to this matter White Horse, Alaska. ------·- Dawson __ ---······-·······--···- «3.21 Dawson ___ ------St. Michael.----•••.•• -·····---- 1,0'28 we decided that it was better to leave the matter of the creation Nome------··----.. -- 2, 4fYT of the different voting precincts as far as possible in the hands of ~~:~-~~-~-~:::::::::::::::::::: St. Michael •..••..•• --·-··---- __ 115 the people of Alaska, rather than in the hands of any single per Do------ Unalaska---···---···--'------ 645 Unalaska ------·------Skagway ------··-·---- 1,989 son or official. Therefore, in this bill we provided: a Inside pass. First, that each incorporated town in Alaska shall constitute one voting precinct. · Mileage_of Delegate from Alaska figured at different points in Second, that all territory in Alaska lying outside of any incor Alaska to Washington City, at the figure of 20 cents per mile each porated town in Alaska shall be divided into voting precincts by way, or 40 cents per mile one way: the people living in the territory to be divided. Juneau to Washington City, 4,465 miles (40 cents) ______------··- $1,786.00 Skagway to Washington City, 4,566 miles (40 cents)----······------1,826.40 The bill carries out this idea, and I think it is a very excellent Nome to Washington City, 5,938 miles (40 cents)------····------2,375.20 one. The details of the plan are provided for in the bill. Circle City to Washington, 5,179 miles (40 cents)------2,071.60 SENDING THE RETURNS TO THE GOVERNOR. The foregoing figures show what mileage a Delegate from Alaska would draw, if he resided at any of the above points in Alaska, The provisions of this bill in relation to sending the returns to in attending each regular session of Congress, if said Delegate the governor are, that as soon as possible after the closing of the shall be allowed the same rate of mileage that is now accorded to polls and the canvassing of the votes cast the election officers shall other Members and Delegates. transinit a certificate of the result, together with the ballots cast, to the governor. DELEGATE FROM B.A.WAll. The returns of the election may be sent ·to the governor in any Act of April 30, 1900, provided that a Delegate to Congress manner deemed advisable. That is left to the officers of election shall be elected by the qualified voters of Hawaii. Such Delegate to deterinine. They may be sent by special messenger if deemed from· Hawaii is entitled to a seat in the House of Representatives advisable, but that course is not necessary under this bill. They with the right of debate, but not of voting. His salary as such may be transmitted by mail if thought advisable. Delegate is $5,000 per year, and mileage at 20 cents per mile each Now, then, it will not require any great amountof time for the way; the distance traveled from Hawaii to Washington City be returns of this election to be sent from the different portions of ing 5,788 miles each way. This would make the mileage allowed Alaska to the governor at Sitka. to such Delegate from Hawaii about $2,300. From Eagle and Circle City the returns will reach Sitka in ten DELEGATE FROM PORTO RICO. days at the farthest. From Nome the returns will reach Sitka Act of April12, 1900, p1·ovides for a" resident commissioner" in about six days. And these are the two points in Alaska where from Porto Rico to the United States, to be elected every two voting precincts will pe established that are farthest from Sitka. I
1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1099
THE COST OF THIS ELECTION. it designates it as the district of Alaska. I simply make the sug There is no reason for any member refraining from voting for gestion. I do not care anything about it. this bill by reason, of .the cost to the Government of holding the Ml·. SULZER. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask the gentie election. The cost of this election, be it great or small, will have man a quastion. to be paid by the people of Alaska. . Mr. CUSHMAN. Very well. . On this point I will state for the information of this committee Mr. SULZER. The gentleman knows that I am very much in that the first bill (H. R. 9865) provided that the cost of th.e elec favor of granting some relief to the people of Alaska. I would tion should be paid from Government funds in the hands of the like to ask the gentleman, who is a member of the committee, and court in Alaska; that said costs should be allowed and paid as he has given a great deal of time and study to this question, why other court expenses. the committee did not bring in a bill to give the district of Alaska This feature of the. old bill was objected to by those whose Territorial government? opinions have great weight in this House. Mr. CUSHMAN. Simply by reason of the fact that we realize It was insisted that the expense of this election should be borne it will be difficult enough to get even this small measure through by the people in Alaska. In order to be entirely fair in my state giving them a Delegate. You can imagine, when you look upon ment, however, I should say it was not the amount of the expense this measure, the difficulty we had in getting even this small bill that was objected to, but the statement was made that the people up, what our position would have been if we had come in here with in Alaska should early learn the lesson of the cost of an election, a bill to give them a Territorial form of government. and that if they bore the· expense that the election would be con Mr. SULZER. Let me ask the gentleman this question: Does ducted in a more economical manner. he not think-he has been in Alaska, I understand-that the hun Therefore, we who had charge of drawing this bill felt that dred thousand American citizens in Alaska are just as much en we should be obliged to provide in the bill that the expense of the titled to home rule and self-government as the people in the Philip election should be paid by the people in Alaska. But there is no pines or in Porto Rico or in the Hawaiian Islands? Territorial or other form of government in Alaska, and no Terri Mr. CUSHMAN. Unquestionably. If I had my way to-day, I torial treasury or other public fund in that Territory out of which would like to see organized there a Territorial form of govern we could provide that said election expenses should be paid. We m~nt. But let me suggest to the gentleman that when we get were between Scylla and Charybdis. ready to frame a bill to provide a Territorial form of government I sought counsel in this matter of the most intelligent people for Alaska, the very first thing we shall need in the perfection of from Alaska that I could find in Washington City. They ad that bill will be some one on this floor who knows something vised me to provide in this bill for all the necessary election about the conditions existing there to aid us in forming that bill. machinery, and leave out of the bill any provision as to cost, Mr. SULZER. Then, Mr. Chairman, as I understand the gen they assuring me that the people of Alaska would only be too tleman-and I think I understand him-this bill is simply a step glad to pay the expense of this election in return for the benefit in the right direction-to give the Alaskans Territorial govern which they would reap in securing a Delegate on this floor. ment. That accounts for the absence in this bill of any provision what Mr. CUSHMAN. Certainly. ever in relation to the payment of the costs of election. Mr. SULZE.R. I should like to ask the gentleman one more Now, then, I do not wish to prolong my portion of this debate, question: Does he not think that his side of the House would be but I will 'be glad to answer any questions that I am able to willing at this time to pass a bill giving the people of Alaska Ter answer that any member of the committee may desire to ask. ritorial government, so that they should not be taxed without rep Mr. WARNER. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask the gen resentation, so that they should be able to make their own laws, tleman some questions in order to get the information in the so that they should be able to collect their own revenue and nse RECORD. it for school purposes in Alaska? Mr. CUSHMAN. Certainly. Mr. BRICK. Allow me to state that no persons from Alaska Mr. WARNER. I want to ask the gentleman what is the dis have ever yet been before the committee asking for Territorial tance, in a straight line, from the east line to the west line of government at this time. Alaska? Mr. SULZER. In reply to what has just been said, let mere Mr. CUSHMAN. Two thousand five hundred miles. mark that every newspaper in Alaska-and I have a number of Mr. WARNER. And from the southern to the northern line? them in my desk, and intend to print in the RECORD their edito Mr. CUSHMAN. One thousand miles. rials on this bill-every newspaper in Alaska asks for Territorial Mr. WARNER. Where is the present capital of Alaska sit government. The people of Alaska are opposed to being taxed uated? and having their revenues taken from them to be put into the Mr. CUSHMAN. It is at Sitka. United States Treasury instead of their own treasury. Mr. WARNER. How far from the northern line of Alaska to Mr. BURLESON. Will the gentleman from Washington allow Sitka, in a straight line? me a question? Mr. CUSHMAN. About 1,000 miles. Mr. CUSHMAN. Certainly. Mr. WARNER. Is it not 2,000? Mr. BURLESON. What proportion of the people of Alaska Mr. CUSHMAN. No, sir. are citizens of the United States? Mr. WARNER. How far from Sitka to the west line of the Mr. CUSHMAN. About two-thirds. district? Mr. BURLESON. What proportion are Indians? Mr. CUSHMAN. It is less than 1,500 miles. Mr. CUSHMAN. About one-third. Mr. WARNER. How many square miles are estimated to be Mr. BURLESON. What is the proportion of foreigners? in the district of Alaska-in the whole district? Mr. CUSHMAN. Well, when the gentleman spoke of '' citi Mr. CUSHMAN. About 600,000 square miles. zens of the United States," I thought he meant the white popu, Mr. WARNER. How many square miles are estimated to be lation. The white population of Alaska comprises about two in the mining districts? thirds of the people, and the other third is composed mostly of Mr. CUSHMAN. The gentleman can see the districts outlined Indians. on the map here. Mr. BURLESON. What proportion of the white population Mr. WARNER. Yes; but I want to get it in the RECORD. are citizens of the United States, and what proportion foreigners? Mr. CUSHMAN. Well, !should sayperhapsnotover one-sixth Mr. CUSHMAN. If we had here now a well-informed Dele of the Territory of Alaska is included within the mining districts. gate from Alaska, he could unquestionably answer the gentle Mr. WARNER. Is there over one-twentieth? man's question. Mr. CUSHMAN. Well, perhaps not. Mr. BURLESON. Have you been to Alaska? Mr. WARNER. Now, I observe that in your amendments Mr. CUSHMAN. I have been through the portion of it down here you continually refer to the territory as the Territory of at Wrangell, Ketchikan, .Tuneau, and Skagway, but not through Alaska. the main portion of Alaska. Mr. CUSHMAN. Yes. Mr. BURLESON. Then the gentleman is unable to give the . Mr. W AJ;tNER. I suggest to the gentleman that there is no information I have just asked for? such division and that it should be changed to the " District of Mr. CUSHMAN. I am unable to give the gentleman that in Alaska.'' formation. Mr. CUSHMAN. But, as I understand, the United States Su Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. Allow me an interruption. A few preme Court decided in 163United States Supreme Court Reports moments ago the gentleman was speaking of the requirements for that Alaska is a Territory. the exercise of the elective franchise, and among other things he Mr. WARNER. It is a Territory of the United States, but its stated that, under the bill which, as I understand, is the one pend designation is " District of Alaska." ing, No. 16653, the proposed elector must be able to read, write, Mr. CUSHMAN. In that decision, as I read it, the court de and speak the English language. cided that it was a Tenitory, an unorganized Territory. Mr. CUSHMAN. Or some other European language. Mr. WARNER. The act of Congress designates that it is, and Mr. GAINES of Tel!-llessee. Now, then, in the other bill the \ \ \
1100 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. · JANU.KRY 22, requirement is that the elector shall be able to" read and write down the coast. You will find a man in Skagway to-day, at the the English language." Again, why does the gentleman add "or head of the Yukon River next week, and -perhaps at Nome the some other European language?'' month after. Mr. CUSHMAN. Simply because we understand, having some Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. But will those men know the knowledge of the subject, that there are some intelligent for present conditions or the exi.sting conditions which require legis eigners there-for instance, some Swedish or Norwegian people, lative action? They certainly will not. or other people of that charact-er-people educated in their own :JI\{r. CUSHMAN. S;:>me of them will and some of them will not. language, and to whom we ought to give the elective franchise. They are just like other citizens who travel over. the country Mr. GAINES of Tennes ee. Why should there not be some some of them never see anything except the inside of a railway requirement in keeping with that prescribed in Connecticut, coach and others learn something about the country through Massachusetts, Wyoming, and other States-an educational test, which they travel. something like this, that the elector shall be able to read and Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. Still, a man who is a resident write the Constitution in English? Such a requirement incites a of a particular place- knows about the country round about and man to study the Constitution of the United States, which is not understands the conditions of the place where he resides, provid a bad thing for him to do. ing he is not a fioater. Mr. CUSHMAN. The gentleman must understand that the Mr. CUSHMAN. But does not the gentleman conceive that the condition existing in Alaska is different from that existing in any men to whose judgment it is left to select this Delegate are going other locality with which I am familiar. This bill was drawn, so to select a man who has some general information about the enti::e far as we could draw it, not to meet a theory, but to meet a con Territory? dition; and we believed that such a clause as is inserted in the Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. That is the trouble. They bill would meet the condition existing in Alaska. can not possibly select a man. It is not in the nature of things Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. I hope the gentleman does not to select a man who will be able to give this information unless believe that the Constitution of the United States has not been we have a man who represents these different places, so far apart, extended to Alaska, and that copies of it can not be found there. so almost inaccessible, and I think it will be a very valuable Mr. CUSHMAN. I hope that at this late hour my friend from thing, indeed a necessity, for Alaska to have three representa Tennessee will not get started on the Constitution! [Laughter.] tives instead of one. Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. In view of the attitude so fre Mr. HAMILTON. It would be the business of the Delegate to quently taken by gentlemen on the other side, it is necessary now inform himself. and then to remind them that there is a Constitution of the United Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. He could not possibly inform States. Now, one other question. In the bill, which is not before himself. the committee, the proposed elector must live in the precmct Mr. CUSHMAN. 1\'Ir. Chairman, I yield to the gentleman where he proposes to vote for sixty days. Now, you eliminate from Iowa [Mr. LAOEY]. · that provision entirely and you simply require that the man shall Mr. LACEY. Mr. Chairman, I only want to take the time of be for one year a resident of Alaska. Why have you stricken out the committee for a few minutes to call attention to one feature the former requirement? of this bill. The most difficult problem that those framing the Mr. CUSHMAN. Simply because the population of Alaska is bill had to contend with was to provide the local machinery with to some extent a moving population. For instance, in the spring which to hold the election. Finally it was determined to select the they are moving from the towns out into the mining districts. In organized towns and cities as one of the classes of election precincts. the fall they are moving from the mining districts in toward the That left the other territory outside. towns. If we put an ironclad provision in this bill that a man In order to provide for the voters outside of the towns it was must reside a certain length of time in the precinct, we would proposed to allow each mining district, which is something . perhaps disfranchise a very large portion of citizens who are resi analogous to the New England town meeting, to organize and dents of Alaska and have every right to vote there. select the election officers and spe~i:fy the points at which the Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. Mr. Chairman, I would like to elections were to be held. This plan enabled the parties drawing ask the gentleman a question. the bill to avoid the original proposition of having the elections The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman yield? held under the direction of the courts, leaving the matter with Mr. CUSIDfAN. Certainly. the people themselves. And in view of the general proceedings Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. It seems to me that under the in miners' meetings, and the intelligence with which those meet present conditions that exist in Alaska, with the eastern section ings exercise the rights that have been given to them by the mining about as far away from the western section as California is from laws, I believe there will be no difficulty on their part in organizing Maine, in order to have a man who could give us such informa the local election machinery. The miners' meeting is the political tion as we might require in respect to Alaska, it would be a sensi unit in organizing such a Territory. That seemed to be the most ble thing for us to grant to Alaska three representatives instead difficult problem involved in the drawing of ~his bill, and I only of having but one. One could be taken from the eastern section, wish to take the time of the committee long enough to call their one from the middle and one from the western section. What attention to this proposed solution, which I believe to be entirely has the gentleman to say t.o that proposition? Is not that what adequate to the situation there. If we have a Delegate from we require if we are to get information about Alaska? Alaska, that Delegate can aid in the framing of the future bill for a :Mr. CUSHMAN. In a certain sense it is certainly what we Territorial government. which must come sooner or later. require but likewise what we could not get, in my judgment, in Alaska has great possibilities and her future may be greatly di this H ouse. rected by ali intelligent representation in this House. Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. Why not? She has had some serious difficulties arising from the appoint Mr. CUSHMAN. Because I think a great many members ment of bad men to office. A representative here, chosen by the would object to three Delegates on this floor representing 100,000 people and representing the people, would be of much assistance people. in protecting them from ~mch impositionS in the futm·e. Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. But they have no vote. Under the proposed bill there will be no serious difficulty in Mr. CUSHMAN. Certainly; they have no vote. holding an election, and the legislation for the Territory can then Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. And they could give us the in be framed with his assistance. formation. Mr. CUSHMAN. I yield t-o the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. Mr. CUSHMAN. I am perfectly willing that a provision of LLOYD]. this kind should be incorporated into the bill. · The CHAIRMAN. How much time? Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. And I think the gentleman will Mr. LLOYD. I have an hour in my own right and I will use have to do it if he wants to have a bill which will be of any use here. so much as is necessary. Mr. CUSHMAN. I do not wholly agree with the gentleman Mr. CUSHMAN. I reserve the remainder of my time. there. It would be a very useful provision, unquestionably. Mr. LLOYD. Mr.Chairman,Iaskrecognitionin myownright. Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. We have to-day a governor The CHAIR1.1A_~. Does the Chair understand the gentleman from Sitka. He knows no more about the country and its changes from Washington to reserve his time so that the gentleman from or about the countryabovetherethan the gentleman does , or I do. Missouri can be recognized in his own time? • He will get his information from the newspapers, and if we are Mr. CUSHMAN. Yes; as a member of the£ommittee. to have a man who can bring direct information to this House, The CHAIRMAN. Is the gentleman from Missouri in opposi we shall have to have a man who lives round a particular section, tion to the bill? one along the eastern section, one up around the N orne country, Mr. LLOYD. No; but I am a member of the committee. and one about the western section, and those are the three de The CHAIRMAN. If ther-e is anyone who desires t o be heard veloping spots of Alaska. in opposition to the bill he is entitled to be recognized first. Mr. CUSHMAN. Wnile there is some force in what the gen Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. There is nobody on the tleman says, let me remind him that the men who reside in Alaska committee opposed to the bill, is there? travel all over that Territory. Nearly every man in there has Mr. LLOYD. There is nobody on the committee opposed to been from Eagle City down the Yukon River to Nome and back the bill. I ask to be recognized as a member of the committee. ( I I 1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE. 1.101
The C~MAN. The gentleman is entitled to be recognized In 1890 the census of Alaska showed a population of 32,052. now if no one desires to be recognized in opposition to the bill. The census report for 1900 gives the population of Alaska as Mr. LLOYD. That is all right. 63,592. When we consider the vast difficulty attendant upon the The CHAIRMAN. If anyone desires to be heard in opposition full and correct enumeration of population in thickly settled and · ·to the bill he is entitled to be recognized first. The gentleman more accessible districts, and bow frequently the statement is from Missouri. · · made even in large cities that the census enumerators failed to :Mr. LLOYD. !yield tothegentlemanfrom Texas [Mr.WooTEN] properly enumerate and return a considerable per cent of the pop such time as he desires. ulation, then how much more likely is it that in a district like [:Mr. WOOTEN addressed the committee. See Appendix.] Alaska, a vast expanse of territory with widely scattered towns, settlements, and mining camps, isolated and separated, without Mr. WOOTEN. I now yield, Mr. Chairman~ the remainder of railroad and telegraphic communications-bow much more likely my time to the gentleman from Missomi. is it, I say, that where conditions like these exist that the census Mr. LLOYD. Mr. Chairman-- enumeration has not been full and complete. Mr. WOOTEN. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will permit I submit, in view of the foregoing, that it is not an extravagant me, I a~k permissio:r;t, having spoken rapidly and impromptu, to estimate to place the present population of the Territory of Alaska extend m~ remarks m the RECORD. at 100,000 people, and this population will undoubtedly increase The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas asks unanimous in a greater ratio during the next few years than it has in the consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD. Is there objec past. tion? . The number of white people were less than 5,000 in 1890, with There was no objection. . a very large portion of the remainder Indians and mixed. This Mr. LLOYD. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask the gentle great increase during the last ten years has not been caused by man in charge of the bill if he intends to gq on further with the the births of natives. The Indian is rapidly passing away, so debate to-night? that the majority of the present population of 63,592 are beyond Mr. CUSHMAN. I should like to take a vote to-night. I see question whites who have emigrated from the States. These per no reason why we can not have a vote. I do not think that any- sons dominate the Territory, and in a short time, through the evo body here is opposed to the bill. · lution of nature, the native Indian will have become a tradition. Mr. LLOYD. I think it would be well for the committee to Now. Mr. Chairman, by way of comparison, let me cite yon a rise. Does my friend from lllinois wish to be heard? few ca.Ses. In the record of Territorial organizations we find that Mr. CANNON. I should like to be beaTd. Nebraska, embracing all the district of country lying between the Mr. LLOYD. The gentleman from New York [Mr. SULZER] Missouri River and the RQCky Mountains and extending from wishes to be heard, and it will take a half hour to read the bill. the 40th d6t:,OTee of latitude to the boundary line between the Mr. CUSHMAN. I will state to the gentleman that my under United States and Canada, was made a Territory in 1854, with a standing is that to-morrow there is a special order for pension population too insignificant to be mentioned in the report of the business, a privileged order, whi~h WiJl perhaps shut us out. preceding census, if1 indeed, it.were ascerta~a~le. Yet we find Unless we get a vote to-night the bill will go over. that six years later It had attamed a population of only 28,841- Mr. LLOYD. The bill can go over until Saturday if we do less than half that of Alaska in 1900. The Territory of Dakota, not finish it now. I [think we can avoid any trouble about de embracing what are now the States of North and South Dakota, bate, however, and I will yield to the gentleman from New was organized in _1861, having for two years previous maintained York [Mr. SULZER]. a provisional government of her own, although she wa.. credited Mr. SULZER. Mr. Chairman, I substantially concur with all by the census of 1860 with a population of only 4,837, which, thatthe gentleman from Washington [Mr. CUsHMAN] has so well, owing to the unsettled state of the cotmtry induced by the great and so ably, and so eloquently said rega1·ding Alaska, and the civil war during that decade, increased to the extent of only 9,544 needs of that vast domain for immediate legislation, looking in the next succeeding ten years. toward home rule and self-government. . The capital was established at Yankton, in the entreme south The bill now under consideration for a Delegate, however, in eastern end of what is now the State of South Dakota, distant my opinion, does not go far enough. It will not meet the just from the most remote settlements little, if any, less than 700 demands of the people of Alaska, and I fear very much tha~ it miles. There were no railroads or wagon roads, and the means will not give satisfaction t?• or meet the expec~tions of, the~ of communication, except between Missouri River points, were habitants of that vast terntory. At the same t1me I do not fail not only more primitive than is now the case in Alaska, but at to realize that this bill is a step in the right direction, that it will the same time far more expensive and dangerous. The country accomplish something, and I shall vote for it for that reason, in- was a vast wilderness of treeless prairie, arid plains, and" bad . dulging the hope that the time is not far distant _wh~n the Con lands," which, but for the building of subsidized railroads in ad gress must give Alaska what Alaska wants-Terntonal goveri?- vance of settlement, would never have become the home of any ment. That is, sir, what the people up there want, and that 1s considerable number of white men.· It was not then known to . what they ought to have. It is right, and it is. American. possess any of the great natural resources of which Alaska can Alaska is just as much entitled to Territorial government to-day now truthfully boast, and had the little handful of hardy pioneers as Arizona or New Mexico. If·we follow the precedents of the who set up a government of their own in advance of Territorial past we can not withhold this boon from the people of Alaska. organization been subjected to the operation of a policy similar They are fairly entitled to it. to that which long ago obtained in the government of Alaska, In the light of all pTecedents and the expelience of the past and is still in vogue, it is not improbable that what are now two their population warrant:' it. For the benefit o~ those wh? know great and prosperous States of the Union would have remained not, I insert a table which shows the populatiOn of 12 different to this day, figuratively speaking, a wilderness. States and Territories about the time they weTe given representa And so, sir, with many, if not all, of the Territories when they tion. Many of them had a representative for some time before were first organized. The facts and the figures conclusively the enumeration had been made which brought forth these figures. prove that Alaska is more entitled now to Territorial govern Probably at the time of their receiving Delegate privileges this ment than any of the Territories organized in the years gone by population did not average 3,000 whites in each Territory, and west of the Mississippi River. Why should we deprive the citi they bad very little but agricultural matters to look after, with zens of Alaska of Territorial government? Is there a man here no compa1ison in commercial affairs to Alaska to-day. that can give any answer, except the logical answer that Alaska Population by cen.sus should become a Territory with all the rights of a Territory? Date of nearest ~:~o~~ organ- Mr. Chairman, the district of Alaska is a vast domain lying in organization.1___ -;-----'--,-- the extreme northwestern corner of the North American conti nent, on Bering Sea and-the North Pacific. It comprises an area ______,______,_____ Census. _ Whit.e.j Total. of about 577,390 statute square miles, with a seacoast of 26,000 miles, or nearly two and one-half times the seacoast of the balance Arizona_--·--·---·--- ____ ------Feb. 24,1863 1870 9.531 9,658 Dakot.a.-NorthandSouth ______Mar. 2,1861 1860 2;576 4,837 of the United States. The district was acquired by purchase by 10,618 14,999 the United States from Russia for $7,200,000,and the boundaries ~gis==~======::::::::::::::::::: W:{- ~:i~ i~i8 ll,501 12,282 as laid down in the treaty of cession of March 30,1867, are: "Com Indiana------·-- May 7,1000 1000 2,402 2,517 Michigan------Jan. 11 ,1805 f~ 4,618 4,762 mencing from the southernmost point of the island called 'Prince 6,938 6,977 of Wales Island,' which point lies in the parallel of 54o 40' north =~~~c~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~:~~~::~===~ r;~: ~:i~ 1800 4, 44.6 7,600 latitude, and between the one hundred and thirty-first and one Montana_------_------May 26,1864 1870 18,306 20,5S5 Nevada------·------Mar. 2,1863 1860 6,812 6,857 hundred and thirty-third degrees of west longitude (meridian of Ut.ah------·------Sept. 9,1850 1850 11,300 11,380 Greenwich) , the said line shall ascend to the north along the Washington------Mar. 2,1853 1860 11,138 11,594 channel called Portland Canal as far as the point of the continent Wyoming ______July 28,1868 K 1870 8,720 9,ll8 4,298 ~.0.52 where it strikes the fifty-sixth degree of north latitude; from this Alaska------! i~~ 10,000 37,000 last-mentioned point the line of demarcation shall follow the sum mit of the mountains situated parallel to the coast as far as the r \. .
1102 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22,
point of intersection of the one hundred and forty-first degree of Alaska to the House of Representatives of the United States, de west longitude (of the same mc-rmian), and finally from the said fining citizenship and the qualifications of electors in said dis point of intersection the said meridian line of the one hundred trict, have had the same under consideration, and, without a and forty-first degree in its prolongation as far a-s the frozen ocean. dissenting voice, report unanimously that it do pass. . With reference to the line of demarcation laid down in the pre A bill of similar purpose was reported from the Committee on · ceding article it is understood, first, that the island called 'Prince the Territories of the House of Representatives in the Fifty-third of Wales Island' shall belong wholly to Russia (now, by cession, Congress near its close, too late for action, and another in the to the United States); second, that whenever the summit of the Fifty-fourth Congress, which for some reason failed to become a mountains which extend in a direction parallel to the coast from law. A third time, in the second session of the Fifty-sixth Con the fifty-sixth degree of north latitude to the point of intersection gress, a similat• bill was introduced and unanimously reported by of the one hundred and forty-first degree of west longitude shall the Committee on the Territories to the House, but the bill, on prove to be at the distance of more than 10 marine leagues from account of the press of business during the close of that session, the ocean, the limit between the British possessions and the line failed of consideration in the House. · of coast which is to belong to Russia as above mentioned (that is In my opinion, fortified by the judgment of the great majority to say, the limit of the possessionsceded by this convention) shall of the population of the Territory of Alaska, whose best men be formed by a line parallel to the winding of the coast, and which have not only recommended it, but have urged it. as an absolute shall never exceed the distance of 10 marine leagues therefrom. necessity at this time, I submit that the Congress should no The western limits, within which the territories and dominion longer delay the right of these people to Delegate representation. conveyed are contained, passes through a point in Bering Straits It is a tenet of our American creed that proper elective repre on the parallel of 65 degrees 30 minutes north latitude, and its sentation is the heritage of our citizenship. Whatever may have intersection by the meridian which passes midway between the been the needs and the requirements of the limitations of Alaska island of Krnsenstern, or Ignalook, and the island of Ratmano:ff, in the pa-st, I think the time has now arrived when it is not only or Noonarbook, and proceeds due north, without limitation, into feasible for its inhabitants to elect and have Delegate representa the same frozen ocean. The same western limitation, beginning tion in the House of Representatives, but that its absolute neces at the same initial point, proceeds thence in a course nearly south sity makes it a matter of right which we should heed by spP.edy west through Bering Straits and Bering Sea, so as to pass mid action. · way between the northwest point of the island of St. Lawrence Alaska is a Territory whose prospects, resources, and commer and the southeast point of Cape Choukotski, to the meridian of cial and political importance have heretofore been almost wholly 172 west longitute; thence from the intersection of that merid unappreciated by most people. Even now, in the period of ian, in a southwesterly direction, so as to pass midway between Alaska's marvelous development, the first thought of many per the island of Attou and the Copper Island of the Kormandorski sons is that a Delegate would be a doubtful experiment and an couplet or group in the North Pacific Ocean, to the meridian of unnecessary expense, when, in fact, of all our outlying Territories, 193 degrees west longitude, so as to include in the territory con Alaska is the one whose needs in this respect are paramount. veyed the whole of the Aleutian Islands east of the meridian." Its isolation, distance, and peculiar surroundings as to climate, This is the vast domain of land ceded to the United States from soil, resources, business and trade conditions, as well as popula Russia by the treaty in 1867, and the American people will never tion, render it impossible for Congress to fully recognize its wants consent to give up an inch of it to Canada ol"'any other country. and exigencies. It is ours and it must always be ours. We can not arbitrate our Alaska has an area of over 577,000 square miles. It would sovereignty, and we will never surrender our :furisdiction. cover one-sixth of the territm;y of the United States proper. Its When this country in 1867 paid Russia $7,200,000 in gold coin resources are simply wonderful; with its mines of gold, silver, for the Territory of Alaska, a great outcry arose ove1· the shame copper, and coal, its mighty forests of merchantable timber, its ful extravagance of the Government. We had purchased, it was rich wealth of fur-bearing animals, its enormous fisheries of seal, alleged by these fault-finders, a barren waste of snow and ice, an whale, salmon, cod, and halibut, and its already great and com arctic region incapable of cultivation, whose only treasure wa-s manding commercial and political importance. And then, in the seals that might be killed along its coast. The Administration connection with all this, comes the voice of a resistless and in had squandered the money of the people, and shrewd Russia was creasing flow of the most manly, virile, and hardy people in the laughing in her sleeve over our simplicity! world, who say," Give us the protection of an interested and It is possible that Russia did laugh in her sleeve over the sim sympathetic Government and we will not only support ourselves, plicity that she imagined she had discovered, but it is certain but·we will return direct into the United States Treasury reve that by this time she has changed her laugh to a sigh over the nues many times multiplying the amount of her investment by results of her own shortsightedness, for Alaska is recognized to purchase.'' day as one of the most important gold-producing lands in the At this point the expense of an election and the salary of a Del world. Her mines are the mecca of armies of prospectors, who egate might well be considered. This country is a large territory go there to search for the precious ore that is the foundation of of the primeval ruggedness of nature, unmitigated in part with the money systems of the commercial world. She has returned to long stretches of snow and ice and a scattered population. There us in gold ore alone more than we paid Russia for her possession, may be inconveniences in an election on the frontier to which we and the sources of her golden treasure have as yet scarcely been are not accustomed, but that is the daily incident of their lives. scratched. Tenacity of purpose and power of endurance are the two essen But it is not only in mineral wealth that Alaska promises to be tial qualities that took them there. They have great interests to a valuable territory. That claim alone would be ample justifica be looked after, and they say, '' We want a man at Washington tion for the purchase of the arctic land,.but she has other claims who knows us, our cotmtry, and our business to represent us and to add to this. Had anybody predicted, when the negotiation for our interests." her sale was conducted, that she could ever assume to be an agri It will be of some inconvenience and expense, but they are ask cultural country, he would have been regarded as a fit subject for ing the privilege to incur whatever inconvenience it may be to treatment in a lunatic asylum. But we are progressing in knowl hold an election. After that the only question for us to consider edge. The Agricultural Department has been investigating, and is: Is it reasonable and practicable? Those who seem to be most it now announces that certain crops can be raised in Alaska at a competent to judge say it is. As to the expense, they pay it. good profit, and that great herds of cattle will thrive in her That is all there is to that. While discussing this phase of the friendly climate. subject I desire to insert a statement from the Treasury Depart Thus the purchase of Alaska promises to be one of the wisest ment showing the revenues and expenditures of the government things ever accomplished by our Government. of Alaska for the fiscal year 1900. This shows a balance in favor The great speech of Charles Sumner, delivered in the United of the Treasury in the splendid figures of $282,950, out of which States Senate in favor of the purchase-of Alaska, in the light of to pay the expense of an election every two years. to-day reads like a marvelous prophecy. Alaska ceased years Statement of 1·evenues and expenditures in Alaska, fiscal yea1· 1900. ago to be called "Seward's folly." No amount of money could REVENUES. buy it from us to-day, and ultimately it will make three great Customs .. --·---...... ---·------·-...... ----...... ------· $57,623.62 States of the Union-and no doubt they will be called "Alaska," "Seward," and "Sumner." What a monument Alaska is to ======day to the wisdom and far-sighted statesmanship of Charles Sum License~:~t~~ fees.----·~~~~~==·=-~~~==-~~~==·=·====·=-=-~== ____ ...... •.•...... ____ ••.... ____ ===·=~:=·====~==~:=~==.•....•... ------157,234:.949:m: ~ ner and William H. Seward! Total ...... ______----·· .•...•.....· ... ------______••....••.• 442, !lll. 35 Mr. Chairman, another rea.son for a Delegate, which must im EXPENDITURES. press itself with great force upon every member, is the fact that Expenses of Territorial government._ ...... ·-···--··········· $28,655.98 most of the relations with the Territory are direct with the Gen Salaries of fl,ents at seal fisheries ...... --·---•..... --·-...... ---- 11,473.41 eral Government. 17 ======• The Committee on the Territories, to whom was referred this ~xrux;sh"tiildi~~~~-~~~~~~~~-~~====Refuge station, Point Barrow ·------. ======::=~==== ----·------·-· 106.67m: ~ bill providing for the election of a Delegate from the district of Alaskan boundary survey·...... ~ .....:. .• ~._ ...... :.. 500.00 I J
1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1103
for it because I believe it is the best we can get at the present ~!~~~~ ~~~~~=~:~~~=:=~~~=:=~~~=::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~: ~ time. I hope, however, when this bill passes the House and comes Expenses of steamer Albatross ______------·------,:9,830. 93 before the Senate, that the other branch of Congress will enlarge Su~plies for native inhabitants. _------·--- 19,100.38 the scope of its provisions and, if possible, report a substitute for Building for United States courts .... ______:______------· 722.76 it that will give the people of Alaska what they most devoutly Reindeer for Alaska._------·······-··-·······------· 12,746.68 Expenses, office of surveyor-generaL ___ ----.• ------··----- 4,800.00 desire, and that is Territorial government. They demand Terri 5 torial government, and knowing the facts as I do, I unhesitatingly ~~e~ ~"Ylikoii "Riv--e;_-=~~~==~~~~====~::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9, 1~: ~ Reliof of people in mining regions ______------··-··-----· 932.48 say, and I defy successful refutation, that under all the circum stances Alaska is now, and long has been, entitled to Territorial Total._ •.•••• __ ... ---·-·-····· ••..•••••••• ·------·-··.--···--····· 159,961.16 government, and Congress ought to give it to the Alaskans with But, aside from the question of expense, why should they not out any more delay. Alaska is an anomaly in our sisterhood of have a Delegate at this time? 1n· the first place there is a large States and Territories. It has been said here that Alaska is a and ever-increasing body of the best kind of American citizens Territory because a justice of the United States Supreme Court, in Alaska-pioneers who a1·e willing to forego the ease and . writing an opinion about it, characterized it as such. No doubt luxury of life in the States to develop that great country. The it is a part of the territory of the United States,.and perhaps that best blood of a nation flows in the veins of its pioneers. They is what the distinguished jurist meant. Others here declare that a1·e the advance guard of progress. They have opened up in Alaska is only a district, and I am inclined to concur in that view. Alaska a mine of wealth that the world never dreamed of. They If Alaska was a Territory in the Union, it would have all the have made Alaska commercially great, and for a decade have felt rights of a Territory. It is not a Territory in the sense that Ari the need and practicability of a Delegate~ and have been askingit zona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma are Territories. It ought to be from our hands for years. To-d~y. with ~ populati.on .doubled a Territory of our Government just the same as those other Ter since the last census was taken and matenal financml mterests ritories and have all the rights and all the privileges that those increased in a still greater ratio, they ask you for this legislation. Territories possess to-day; and the Alaskans will never be satis The bill under consideration gives the people of Alaska the right fied-never be contented-in my opinion, with any law that does to vote for and to elect a Delegate from Alaska to the House of Rep not give them all the rights those other Territories possess. resentatives who shall have the same rights and the same privileges A Delegate from an unorganized Territory would be not only in this body as a Delegate from any of the other Territories in the a departure from all former precedent, but in the case of Alaska United States. Alaska is entitled to that. No one can deny it. might be much more productive of evil than of beneficial results. Her people should.be heard on this floor, and the Alaskans want In the absence of any form of local government, it may be im to be heard here by some one of their own selection-competent possible for a Delegate to properly represent the will and the to speak for them. Some one vested with authority who will be wishes of the people, because of a lack of knowledge in the responsible to them for what he says on the floor of this House premises. I know that the people of Alaska are, in every point regarding Alaskan matters, and who will be responsible to Con of view, abundantly capable of maintaining a local form of gov gress as well. No one familiar with the facts can doubt that ernment, such as has always heretofore been accorded the Terri Alaska is entitled to Delegate representation. It is a fundamental tories of the United States, and I deprecate the idea of further principle of our theory of government that none of our citizens burdening the Congress with purely local legislation, as would, shall be taxed without just representation, and the Alaskans presumably, be the dntyof a Delegate to press upon the attention have been taxed by the Federal Government for years and years of this body in the ~bsence of Territorial organization. In my without representation and without having a voice in their own opinion, such legislation can safely be intrusted to the people of internal affairs. Alaska themselves, and in my judgment, instead of the bill pro Mr. Chairman, I have been to Alaska several times. I know viding a Delegate for the unorganized Territory, or district, of something about that vast domain. I know something about Alaska, an organic act should be passed, according to her people the sentiments of the people who live there, and I stand here the measure of self-government to which they are justly entitled, and declare with the confident knowledge that I can not be suc and which has never heretofore, except in the case of Alaska, cessfully contradicted that the people of Alaska-the people been withheld from any considerable body of American citizens who have gone there, and who have lived there for years, and engaged in the settlement of a new district. who are bona fide residents of Alaska, and intend to stay there Loo)ring at the question in the light of the past, and by way of during the rest of their lives-! know what they want, and I de comparison with other portions of our country that have been clare here that they want not only a representative in Congress, made Territories in our Union, I believe that Alaska is more en but they want Territorial government. They want the right that titled to-day to Territorial government than seven-tenths of the every other Territory in the Union has-the right to make their other Territories that were organized. I am opposed, as a matter own laws, to levy their own taxes, to regulate their own internal of right, and of justice, and of principle, to taxing the Alaskan affairs, and to spend the money gathered by the tax collector for people, gathering the taxes by a Federal tax collector, and, in their own use, for their own schools, for their own charitable in stead of giving the taxes to the people of Ala-ska for their own stitutions, for their own municipal affairs, and for their own local purposes, depositing the money in the Federal Treasury and peace and happiness. This is not asking too much in my opinion. trying to govern Alaska from the Treasury Department or by the It seems to me it is only fair and just and proper and right. Congress, when nine-tenths of the meri in Congress know abso Alaska has a population at the present time upward of 100,000 lut-ely nothing about the people up there, nor the country, either. bona fide residents. It is true they are scattered over a vast do But that is another story that will come up ere long, when we main of territory. But it is also true that they are an honest, legislate to give Alaska Territorial government. brave, sober, manly, God-fearing people, who are of our kin, and Mr. Chairman, something has been said here regarding the im who ought to be treated as American citizens. possibility of holding an election in Alaska under this bill, should I deprecate some of the remarks that have been made on the it become a law, and that its provisions would open the door to floor of this House during the pendency of this bill by gentlemen frauds on the ballot box. In my opinion, that conclusion is as who have characterized the inhabitants of Alaska as nomads. as sumed, farfetched, and without justification. If this bill should fugitives, and as a migratorypeoplewhogothere simplytogather become a law in its present state, the election of a Delegate in wealth and leave for the States just so soon as they have been Congress from Alaska would be just as honestly conducted as the able to get what they want. I deny these statements. I refute election for a Representative in Congress in any State. And the these allegations. I know they are not true. If some of the gen Delegate elected would be, no doubt, in the estimation of the Alas tlemen who have made these unjust remarks and uncalled-for kans, or in the estimation of a mjority of them, the most compe statements would only go to Alaska and see for themselves and tent man they could find to send here to represent them, to get talk to these people, they would come back here just as firmly their rights, and to give Congress the information desired regard convinced as I am that no people in all our land are more deserv ing legislation. ing of commendation for their patriotism and their law-abiding · Let me say here, Mr. Chairman, that I appreciate all that the citizenship than the good, fearless, honest folk of Alaska. They gentleman from Washington [Mr. CusHMAN] has done in getting are American citizens. They demand the rights of American this bill reported and before the House. I understand the diffi citizens. They are entitled to all the rights of American citizens, culties he. had to contend with. I am familiar with the obstacles and on~ of the fundamental rights of an American is the right to which were put in his way. I know he has done the very best he representation; the right to refuse to pay a dollar's tax to the Gov could. He and I substantially agree regarding the immediate ernment unless he has a voice in its affairs; the right of local legislative needs of Alaska, but everything relating to Alaska can · self-government; the right of petition; the right of a-ssembly; the not be accomplished in one Congress. This bill is a step in the right to have a voi~ in the affairs. of state and in making the right direction-a forward step toward Territorial government laws that he must obey and that govern him and his fellow and it is apparently the very best that we can do for the .Alaskans citizens: at the present time. I want to congratulate the gentleman from This bill, sir, will not accomplish what the Alaskans demand;. Washington and the members of the committee which reported but, as I said, it is a step in the right direction, and I shall vote this bill on the success which thus far has crowned their efforts, 1104 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22; /
and in the hope that this bill Will accomplish some good I shall this bill to-night, though if it be the judgment of the Committee · vote for it, and I trust it will pass by an overwhelming majority. of the Whole that the committee ought to rise now, I do not wish }.fr. Chairman, I have spoken of Alaskan resources in general to act in an unseemly way about a matter of that kind. I should terms as a reason for her recognition. Her mines of gold, silver, like, however, to have a vote. coal, and copper, already known to be great, are considered by Mr. WARNE~. ~· Chairman, I wish to be heard only a few many practically inexhaustible. She has the largest stamp mill moments. Wh1le I think that Alaska should have some one on this in the world at Treadwell and bids fair to become the greatest floor to present its interests and tell us from time to time what he gold-producing country on earth. The rapid development of the knows about the district, I am opposed to this bill and the methods gold and silver mining industry of Alaska during the past four by which it is being pressed. I know that Alaska is a great coun years is shown bythe fact that the production has advanced from try. I have visited the fringe of it several times and have been about 83,000,000 in 1896 to about $7,000,000 in 1900. This will in impressed with its resources. I would not detra-ct in the least crease, rather than diminish. At present the value of the precious from the high standing of Chal'les Sumner or William H. Seward metals lies chiefly in the gold placers of N orne and the interior as statesmen, but I do think they are not entitled to any great regions. In the Nome region some 5,000 square miles are known credit for acquiring Alaska. to carry auriferous gravels, while in the Yukon Basin the area of They did not enter upon the matter as a business proposition; auriferous gravels is probably several times as lat·ge. But it is not they did not urge the purchase of this Territory because it was a all placer mining. Governor Brady says that quartz mining is the good bargain for the United States. It was purchased and paid kind in which Alaska will be preeminen~ in the near future and for to cover the expenses of the Russian fleet in American waters that eve:!. now it is affording the finest illustration that the world in 1863. When England threatened to raise our blockade of the knows of profitable working of low-grade ore. Southern ports and end the interstate war, Russia, which was In the coast region of southeastern Alaska mining for gold, friendly to the United States, sent her entire available fleet over copper, and silver has been going on for a number of years. The to American waters and told Mr. Lincoln and Mr. Seward that development of this industry has been especially rapid since 1898, that fleet was subject to their orders. and it promises to become one of the most important mining dis Mr. SULZER. Will the gentleman allow me a question? tricts of the country. The discovery of copper deposits in Alaska Mr. WARNER. Yes, sir. was made only three years ago, and hence the development is com Mr. SULZER. Does the gentleman mean to imply that Secre paratively insignificant, though there are three districts in which tary Seward and Senator Sumner purchased Alaska as a bribe to valuable copper ores have been found. Mining has only been Russia? done in the one lying on the coast, and many tons of copper ore Mr. WARNER. No, sir; I do not intend to imply anything have been shipped from the Territory. The investigations of the of the kind. They were paying an honest debt. This Govern past two years have shown, however, that there are unquestion ment owed Russia for the expenses of that fleet in 1863. That ably vast undeveloped copper deposits in at least three districts fleet was sent over to American waters, and remained the entire of Alaska. The coal of Alaska embraces lignites, bituminous winter at the expense of Russia. When the war was over, and coal, and some anthracite. The lignites are the most widely dis it was not deemed wise to let the whole world know what that tributed of the three, and are the ones that have been largely secret understanding was, the United States wanted to pay the prospected. Coal has been found in nearly every part of the Dis expenses of maintaining that fleet here during that winter; and trict, both on the coast and in the interior. It has been mined at those expenses were paid under cover of the purchase of Ala-ska, probably 100 different localities, but up to the present time only which, at that time, was not considered by anybody to be worth for local consumption, and the aggregate output, of which there 10 cents in the current money of the country. are no authentic data. available. would not amount to more than Mr. PAYNE. Didnot Charles Sumner, in his great speech in a. few thousand tons a year. The coal is so widely distributed in the Senate upon the ratification of the treaty of purchase, describe the district that it must be regarded as one of its most important in detail the resources of Alaska as completely, as thoroughly, resources. It is a conservative estimate to place the area occu and a-s truthfully as the gentleman from Illinois or any other gen pied by the coal-bearing rocks at 100,000 square miles. Accurate tleman can do it to-day? statements can not be made as to the figures of the fish industry Mr. WARNER. I presume that whatever Mr. Sumner said for the yea1· 1900, but it can be said that it has been continually was better said than I could say it. growing and is still in its infancy. More than one hundred. varie Mr. PAYNE. That is not the question. ties of food fish inhabit the Alaskan waters. The annual output Mr. WARNER. But Charles Sumner was opposed to the pur of salmon alone will amount to more than $9,000,000 at this time. chase of the district of Alaska until he was convinced by Mr. The Territory alone can feed the fish-eating world. Seward and Mr. Lincoln that it was desirable to complete that Mr. Chairman, no man can visit Alaska. without being deeply transaction and to find some excuse for it. impressed. Alaska is a wonderful country. No words can ade Mr. SULZER. Was not that duririg the Administmtion of ·quately describe it. It is the poor man's, and the rich man's, and Andrew Johnson? the sportsman's paradise. It is a wonderland. The time, in my Mr. LACEY. Is it not tt'lle that Mr. Seward himself claimed judgment, is at hand when this vast territory will be developed that his reputation as a statesman depended more upon the by American genius, American capital, and American enterprise, Alaskan purchase than upon any other act in his life? and take my word for it, there will be no more prosperous section Mr. WARNER. I do not know whether he did or not. I would in all this progressive land for American brawn and American not take one bit of credit away from Mr. Seward or anyone else, brain. Alaska is the place for the new settler-for the hustler but I do say at the time that purchase was made no one of the for the man who wants to go ahead and get on. gentlemen in the Senate considered it a very good financial trans Yes, Mr. Chairman, let me say again in conclusion, I shall vote action asapurchase and apurchase alone; butthatisimmateria1. for this bill, but in doing so I think I have made it clear that the· Let us get down to this bill. I think that Alaska should have bill does not go far enough, that it is only a step forward in the representation on this floor, but I say it is unwise to obtain that right~irection to the one boon the good people in Alaska demand, representation by the methods prescribed in this bill. and that is Territorial government. Alaska wants this; Alaska The bill does not provide for a representation of the people of must have it; Alaska with her population of nearly 100,000 people; Alaska. It provides only that mining districts and incorporated Alaska. with her splendid and invigorating climate; Ala-ska with towns shall be represented on this floor, and the gentleman in her beautiful scenery, her magnificent distances, her towering charge of the bill, when I asked how much of that Territory was snow-capped mountains, her majestic rivers, her fertile fields, covered by these mining districts, said about one-sixth. her great industries of fish and furs and timber and agricultural Mr. CUSHMAN. Will the gentleman allow me? possibilities; Alaska with her immense wealth in gold and cop Mr. WARNER. Yes. ·per and silver and lead and iron and coal-mineral wealth beyond Mr. CUSHMAN. Does the gentleman refer now to the Terri the dreams of the most imaginative person ~n the world; Alaska tory or to the population? with her brave and loyal and GDd-fearing and patriotic American Mr. WARNER. I am referring to the Tenitory-the district. citizens; Alaska with her churches and schools, her splendid in I presume there are people all over it. stitutions, her towns and villages; Alaska under the blue dome of Mr. CUSHMAN. Not by any manner of means. the Union sky and in the shadow of the midnight sun; Alaska Mr. WARNER. Then draw your lines and say where the with her incomparable glaciers, with her great harbors and in representation shall go, and how far. numerable lakes and countless cascades; Alaska, in the name of Mr. CUSHMAN. The lines are drawn and show where the of all these and more, in the name of this generation and the population is. glory of our institutions, I ask why you should not haye the right Mr. WARNER. The· bill provides that each mining district of home rule, of local self-government, and all the nghts of the shall be an election district. Territories? [Applause.] · Mr. CUSHMAN. Yes. Mr. LLOYD. I reserve the rest of my time. Mr. WARNER. It provides that every person living outside :Mr. WARNER. Mr. Chairman-- of that mining district shall vote at that district, no matter how 1\Ir. CUSHMAN. -I should like, if possible, to secure a. vote on far away he may be. /
1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1105
Mr. CUSHMAN. In the nearest precinct next to the place Mr. CUSHMAN. What is that statement? where he resides. Mr. WARNER. Five dollars a day. Mr. WARNER. And the gentleman will make some of them Mr. CUSHMAN. They are not allowed anything. go over a thousand miles to vote or not vote at all. Those mining Mr. WARNER. Then your report is wrong. districts are where they find the mineraLs. I asked the gentleman Mr. CUSHMAN. That report was drawn on the old bill. if one-twentieth was not nearer than one-sixth of the territory of Objection was made to the old bill, and one of the objections that Alaska covered by the mining districts, and he did not answer me, was made was to this provision. or if he did I did not hear him. Mr. WARNER. Well, then, we will knock down the barrier Mr. CUSHMAN. Will the gentleman yield a moment? and we will have to pay them $10 a day. Miners who are getting Mr. WARNER. Yes. out nuggets and the immense wealth yon are talking about are Mr. CUSHMAN. The situation is this: Wherever there is any not going to work for $5 a day if they are allowed their own population in Alaska a mining district has been creat-ed. Wher price. ever the population is, there a mining district has been created. Mr. CUSHMAN. There is nothing in the bill that provides for Now, then, there is no agricultural population in this country. a single penny being paid by ·the Government of the United Mr. WARNER. ''A house divided against itself can not stand." States. Whatever the expense is, they pay it. One of the gentleman's committee says Alaska is one of the great Mr. WARNER~ Where is it provided that they be paid any- est agricultural countries in the world. thing? . Mr. CUSHMAN. It has wonderful agricultural possibilities, Mr. CUSHMAN. There is not anything provided in the bill. but of the 3,500,000 acres in that Territory there are but 2,000 Mr. WARNER. Then yon will not have any election. acres which have been surveyed. That is one of the troubles that Mr. CUSHMAN. I will say to the gentleman that in the first we have had here. There was nobody here to present that con bill we had a provision that the expenses should be paid by the dition to us. The landhasnotbeen surveyed there. Nobody can Government, and objection was made to that from a very author get a homestead. The agricultural possibilities are there and the itative source in this Honse. In response to that we struck that agricultural population will be there when they have an oppor out and submitted the only proposition that we could put in. tunity to get a homestea{}. They have no treasury up there. We could not put in this bill Mr. WARNER. I do not know of any country in the world· a provision that the expenses should be paid from the Territorial where a man can get a homestead so easily or so large as in treasury, because they have no Ten-itorial treasury. We have Alaska. If any one of you will go up into that fine agricultural collected $400,000 of their money, however, and turned it into the cquntrythat Jorgensen from his heights in Sitka talks about, you Treasury of the United States. can locate a homestead of 5,000 acres, if you want to, and you will Mr. WARNER. If I were certain that your bill would stand as not be disturbed for many years, I will undertake to say. There it is, I would be willing to let it go through, because it would not are other people besides the miners in Alaska, according to the amount to anything. If you do not provide pay for anyone, noth statements on this floor. ing will be done. But I suppose you will come in for an appro There are fishermen; more, perhaps, than there are miners. It priation later, and therefore I will go into the question as to how is an immense agricultural country. What I object to is the much it will cost for the holding of an election and getting the . method of appointing this Delegate. The bill provides that there returns down to the governor. shall be el~tion districts, and, according to the report accom The pay of the messengers who would have to travel night and panying the bill, it would require 150 different polling places. day in order to get there in time; the salary of the Delegate, his There are 577,000 square miles of territory in that district, ac mileage, his clerk hire, his stationery; those things alone would cording to the report. Each election district would have to be amount to $30,000 a year; not every two years, but they would made 88 miles long by 62 miles wide in order to cover the whole amount to $30,000 a year, and I can give yon the figures if yon country. · want them. That does not include anything to pay the cost of According to this bill you must advertise an election as thor advertising, printing, stationery, rent of voting places, etc. oughly as it " may be." What would it cost to publish the no Mr. LLOYD. I should like to see those figures which the gen- tices of the elections that are to be held for the selection of the tleman has. Delegates, and remember that.this is the only election that will Mr. WARNER. I will give you some of them right here. be held in Alaska except for municipal officers in incorporated A MEMBER. Give us all of them. cities? The only officer to be elected in Alaska, if this law is Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. Does the gentleman want to give passed; is this Delegate. He is to be elected by a population a Delegate to Alaska at any time in the future? which amounts to 63,000 people in summer time and about 15,000, Mr. WARNER. Yes; I do. perhaps, in winter time. The census of 1900 was taken in the Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. Willitnotcost$30,000ayearthen? summer time and there were 63,000 persons, aU told, in Alaska Mr. WARNER. No; it will cost $5,000 a year, the mileage, at that time. the clerk hire, and the stationery; that is all. I will venture the statement that on the 1st day of t:O.e follow Mr. CUSHMAN. That is all this bill does. ing December there were not 30,000 people in Alaska. They do Mr. LLOYD. That is all this bill does. not go up there for permanent residence. They go to make . Mr. WARNER. Yon are trying to sneak a bill through, then, money, in the fierce race for wealth. These mining districts, under the impression that it will cost nothing, and later you will the only-ones that are recognized in this bill, are filled up and come in for an appropriation to pay the expenses of the election. populated by miners alone, who go there, not for the purpose of If. yon will say you will never ask an appropriation to pay the ex locating or gving into the country and living there and raising penses of· conducting the election or taking the returns down to families but for the purpose of getting gold and getting back to the governor, I will favor your bill, if you will put it in black and the States. And yet this bill recognizes no other class of people. white and stick to it. [Laughter.] According to this bill, the election must be held on the last Tues- The trouble is it is simply a wedge to get your fingers in and day of September of each year, as I remember. · then the Treasury is wide open. . Mr. CUSHMAN. The last Tuesday in September. Mr. CUSHMAN. That is the Illinois method. Mr. WARNER. The returns must be in the hands of the gov Mr. WARNER. Of course it is, and we are posted upon it. ernor before the 10th day of the following November. He has no [Laughter.] Now let meshowwhattheexpenses will be. There jurisdiction to pay any attention to those that come in after that are 150 polling places. The expense of getting these returns down time. The average distance that will have to be traveled from to the governor at $5 a day, and yon will not'-be able to get a the polling places, if fixed according to this bill, would be 1,000 miner at $10 a day to leave the mining districts at that time of miles as the crow flies, and to make that trip in the forty-five the year. The mining district is the ohly place where yon are days that are allowed from the election to the time the returns going to hold an election. Yon are going to leave out the whole must be in the hands of the governor a man would have to make of the agricultural district, and only the miners are to be consid 22! miles a day in an air line. ered. It will cost for taking the returns, with a return trip of In that country that would mean 45 miles a day by the routes 150 messengers, 67,500, or $33,750 one way. that would have to be t raveled, and it can not be made with Mr. PAYNE. Are these returns sent down to Sitka? the kind of conveyances they have up there. Forty-five miles a Mr. WARNER. Yes; they are. There are two methods. day each way for the m essenger going down and back would re Mr. PAYNE. If they are sent there-! understand, according quireatleastninetydays' travel. You wouldhavetopaythatman to the statement made, that about four-fifths of the population $5 a day for his trip for his time. Each m essenger in carrying travel down toward that place about this time. these returns to the governor would be entitled to four or five Mr. WARNER. About December. hundred dollars, and then hewouldnotget bigpay. There would Mr. PAYNE. Maybe yon will find one of them that might go be 150 of these messengers. There would b e at least 150 election down for his expenses. precincts and polling places. There are 5 officers to each one of Mr. WARNER. The statute of limitations will bar him. The these. Those officers would be allowed $5 a day according to this returns have to be there on the 10th of November. bill. . :Mr. PAYNE. But he will go a little earlier for that. XXXVI-70 1106 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 22,
ltir. LACEY. Is it not a fact t~1.t after the-certificate of elec- Now, a Delegate could be selected and appointed for the i\is- tion is made by the government, they will have to send a man trict of Alaska. by either the President or the governor, who from Sitka here to bring it to Washington. would perform the duties ably and in the interest of the I>OOple Mr. WARNER. I presume it may be possible that it can come- of that district, and it would cost the people of the United States by mail. only $6,000 or $7,000 at the most, and we would have no election Mr. POWERS of Maine. Will the-gentleman, allOV( m&to ask contests from Skagway, Eagle, Nome, Wrangell, Juneau, Sitka, him a question? or Ketchikan. Let us give them a Delegate which will only Mr. WARNER. Certainly. cost $6,000 or $7,000 instead of $30,000 a year, and cut off all Mr. POWERS of Maine. Is there anything in th& bill that pro- possibility of innumerable election contests. vides that the election returns have- to bE:l sent by messenger? Mr. CUSHM.... lli. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that Mr. CUSIDIAN. Not at all. general debate be closed on the- bill and that the pending substi- Mr. WARNER. Probably by wireless telegraphy. tute be now read. Mr. POWERS of Maine. Are there not mail routes from the Mr. UNDERWOOD. Will the gentleman yield to me? settlements on the Ynkon to Sitka? . Mr. CUSHMAN. Yes. Mr. WARNER. My understanding is there- are- mail routes Mr. UNDERWOOD. If the gentleman will allow me the in- between those places. terruption, I think that possibly we may dispose of the reading of 1\Ir. POWERS of Maine. The proof before the- committee is the bill by unanimous consent as we all understand what it is, that there are mail routes. Could not they be sent by mail, jllSt and that we can come to a vote. as they are sent in my State of Maine and in other States? Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. ltlr. Chairman, it is now after Mr. WARNER. They might be sent by mail, but they could half past 5. The bill must be read and that would take half an not be sent in the short time allowed in this bilL You had better hour. The bill will have to be read because a majority of the send them by special messenger, and he would have to hustle. membe1·s'have never read it. Why not move that the committee Mr. POWERS of Maine~ In evidence which was given before now rise and enter into an agreement ro take it up again on Sat the committee, statements were made that the mails from the urday morning? mining camps and settlements on the Yukon were carried to Mr. PAYNE. Let me sn.ggest • .Mr. Chairman, that to-morrow Sitka in ten days in the winter as well as in the summer. is pension day. but I understand that pension matte:rs will not Mr. WARNER. That may be from the Yukon to Sitka, be~ take:all the day, and the gentleman can undoubtedly get time to cause you have a railroad across the Whl"'te Pass and water trans- finish the bill after that. portation, and during the summer you have- steamboats, but that Mr. CUSHM.AN. I see no reason why we should not vote at the is simply on the river. The White Pass railroad is the only one present time. in Alaska. That is the one running from Skagway. You are Mr. PAYNE. The- bill will have-to be read before it is passed, having only 150 polling places in the Tenitory, and there will be of course. no representation except for the mining districts. There is no. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. That will take half an hour. telling how long that population may stay in any one- place. A Mr. CUSHMAN. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to man may come into the district and tell the miners that he has · extend my remarks in the RECORD. discovered a new field 250 miles away. He shows them a few The CH.AIRMAN. The gentleman from Washington asks nuggets and some dust, and the whole outfit drops the work and unanimous consent to extend his remarks in the- RECORD. Is swarms off to the other place, and it is astonishing how quickly there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. they can get there.. Th& trouble- is that it does not give represen- Mr. CUSHMAN.. .Mr. Chairman, I move- that the- committee tation to Alaska. do now rise. l\Ir. BOWIE. These people who are not represented in this The motion was agreed to. bHI have no representation here, have they? Accordingly the committe& rose. and the Speaker having re- 1\Ir. WARNER. They have two or three gentlemen down here sumed the chair, Mr. SMITH of Iowa, Chairman of the Commit evei~ winter. The governor of Alaska was here several winters, tee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that and he would be glad to spend every winter here if authorized so that committee had had under consideration the bill H. R. 9865, to do. There is no gentleman up there well fixed but is glad to the Alaskan Delegate bill, and had.. come to no resolution thereon. come down here to spend the winter. Mr. WARNER. Mr. Speaker. I addressed the Committee of l\Ir. BOWIE. Leaving off the officials, is it not a fact that the Whole House and I would like- to have leave to extend my re- there are some people who, because of the inaccessibility of the marks in the RECORD. country, can not be represented? Is that any reason why those The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois asks unanimous who can get to the polling place should not be represented? consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD. Is there objection? l\Ir. WARNER. They should be represented, but not in this [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. way.· If a Delegate is to be selected in this way under this bill, he SEN.A.TE JOINT RESOLUTION .AND SEN.A.TE BILLS REFERRED. will be elected by the people at Juneau, Skagway• Wrangell, Ketch- Under alau...c:e 2 of Rule XXIV, Senate J. oint resolution and Senate ikan, N orne, or Douglas Island. I think the best thing to do is to vote this bill down and send it back to the Committee on Ter- bills of the following titles were taken from the Speaker's table- ritories, and let them bring in another bill providing that the and referred to their appropriate committees as indicated below: S. R. 126. Joint resolution to provide for the printing of a governor of Alaska, or the President of the United States on the digest of the decisi-ons of the Court of Claims, tozether with the recommendation of the governor and the three district judges f · £ d ~ out there, appoint a Delegate from .Alaska to represent it, or let rules 0 practice 0 'an the- statutes rela.ting to, that court-to the Committee on Printing. the three district judges in Alaska recommend a man to- be ap- S. 7034. An act providing for the expenditure of money hitherto pointed by the President from Alaska. · ted f th · t d · te f h bul l\Ir. GAINES of Tennessee, Mr. Chairman, will the-gentleman appropna or e rmprovemen an mam nance o As :ta a Harbor, Ohio-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. from Illinois yield? S. 7033. An act to amend an act entitled ''An act to create a ~: :~!i T!~;ee. Did not the gentleman. aid in. com- new division in the western judicial district of the State of Mis- piling what is known as the Alaska. codeZ souri," approved January 24,.1901-to the Committee on the Ju- 1\Ir. WARNER. I did. diciary· Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. And we wotked on that for weeks S. 6595· An act firing the times and places for holding regular and weeks. Why did not the gentleman then, when he had all terms of the United States circuit and district courts in the west the time and all the knowledge that he now has, and certainly as ern district of Virginia, and for other purposes-to the Coiiliiilt- tee on the Judiciary. much eloquence and flow of speech-why did not the gentleman Mr. CUSHMAN. Mr. Speaker~ I move- that th& House do now then put into the Alaskan code a. provision giving the Alaskans adjourn. a Delegate? The motion was agreed to. Mr. WARNER. Because Ididnotthinkitnecessarythen,and Accordingly (at 5 o'clock and 35 nrlnutes p.m.) the-House ad- 1 hardly think it is now. · d til to- t 12 ' 1 k Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. The- gentleman thought it was JOurne un morrow a 0 c 00 noon. necessary to have a code of laws, and not have- a man her& to- represent them in Congress? _ EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATION. Mr. WARNER. Certainly. Now,. Mr. Chairman, it is ob Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, the following executive com jected by some that we should not have this Delegate appointed; munication was taken from the Speaker's table and referred as that he should be elected by the people to represent .Alaska. If follows: he is elected by the people of Alaska he will be the only elective A letter from the Attorney-General, transmitting an opinion officer there except some municipal officers. The President ap upon certain questions relating to the claim of the Cherokee In points the governor-, the secretary of state, the- marshals, and the dians against the United States-to the Committee on Indian judges. Affail:s, and ordered to be- printed. •
1903. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1107
REPORTS OF COMl\ITTTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS,. AND MEMORIALS RESOLUTIONS. INTRODUCED. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions of thefollow Under clause 3 of Rul~ XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials ipg titles were severally reported from committees, delivered to of the following titles were introduced and severally referred, as the Clerk, and referred to the several Calendars therein named, follows: as follows: By Mr. WOOTEN: A bill (H. R. 16973) making an appropria Mx. HULL, from the Committee on Military A.ffairst to which tion for extermination and to prevent the ravages and spread of was referred the joint resolution of the House (H. J. Res. 252) the insect pest known as the Mexican boll weevil or cotton authorizing the Secretary of War to loan certain tents for use boll weevilt and for other purposes-to the Committee on Agri at Knights of Pythias en'campment to be held at St. Louis, culture~ Mo., August 24 to 31, 1903, reported the- same with amendment, By Mr. JENKINS: A bill (H. R. 16974) permitting the build accompanied by a report (No. 3308); which said resolution and ing of a dam across the St. Croix River at or near the vil.fuge of report were referred to the Committee of the- Whole Honse- on St. Croix Falls, Polk County, Wis.-to the Committee on Inter the state of the Union. state and Foreign Commerce. Mr. LACEY, from the Committee on the Public Lands, to By Mr. DALZELL: A bill (H. R. 16975) to authorize the con which was refeiTed the bill of the House (H. R. 16760) granting struction of a bridge across the Monongahela River, in the State the Central Arizona Railway Company a right of way for rail of Pennsylvania, by the Eastern Railway Company-to the Com road purposes through the San Francisco Mountains Forest Re mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. serve, in the Territory of Arizona, reported the same without By Mr. BALL of Delaware: A bill (H. R. 16976) to amend an amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 3310); which said bill act entitled "An act making appropriations for the construction, and repoxt were referred to the Committee- of the Whole House repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and on the state of the Union. harbors, and for other purposes," approved June 13, 1902-to the Mr. COWHERD, from the; Committee- on the District of Co Committee on Rivers and Harbors. lumbia, to which was 1·eferred the bill of the Senate (S. 4221) au By Mr. LITTLE: A bill (H. R. 16977) for the appointment of thorizing the Commissioners of the District of Columbia to extin an additional judge in the Indian Territory-to the Committee on guish a portion of an alley in square 189, reported the same with the Judiciary. amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 3311); which said bill By Mr. BRANTLEY: A bill (H. R~ 16989) to amend the act and report were referred to the House Calendar. making appropriations for sundry civil -expenses of the Govern Mr. BABCOCK, from the Committee on the District of Colum mentt and for other purposes, approved June 6, 1900-to the Com bia, to which was referred the bill of the House (H. R. 15799) to mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. confirm the name of Seward place for the space formed by the By Mr. NEVIN: A resolution (H. Res. 405) authorizing the intersection of C street south and Pennsylvania and North Caro Clerk of the- Honse to pay .Tacob Bader the sum of $202.50 out of lina avenues, District of Columbia, reported the same- with the contingent fund of the House-to the Committee on Accounts. amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 3312); which said bill By Mr~ HASKINS: Resolution of the legislature of the State of and report were referred to the House Calendar. Vermont, praying that Gen. William F. Smith be commissioned a major-general of the United States Army and retired with that rank-to the Committee on Military Affairs. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, private bills and resolutions of the Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions of following titles were severally reported from committees, deliv the following titles were introduced and severally refeiTed as ered to the Clerk, and referred. to the- Committee of the- Whole follows: House, as follows: By Mr. BALL of Delaware: A bill (H. R. 16978) for the relief Mr. BRICK, from the Comm1ttooon Military Affairs, to which of the estate of the late John Jacoby-to the- Committee on was referreg the bill of the Honse (H. R. 15132) for the relief of Claims. Serenus Kilbourne, reported the same with amendment, accom By Mr. BELL: A bill (H. R. 16979) granting an increase of panied by a report (No. 3309); which said bill and report were pension to Marion W. Warden-to the Committee on Invalid referred to the Private Calendar. Pensions. . Mr. SAMUEL W. SMITH, from the Committee on the District By Mr. BURKETT~ A bill (H. R. 16980) granting an increase of Columbia, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. 3243) of pension to William McBrien-to the- Committee ·on Invalid to redeem certain outstanding certificates of the board of audit of Pensions. the District of Columbia, reported the same with amendments, By Mr. GRIFFITH: A bill (H. R~ 16981) granting a pension to accompanied by a report (No. 3313); which said bill and report Ross Bacon-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. were referred to the Private Calendar. By Mr. LONG~ A bill (H. R. 16982) granting an increase of pension to .Andrew Curran-to the Committee on Invalid Pen sions; CHANGE OF REFERENCE. By Mr. MAHON: A bill (H. R. 16983) granting an increase of pension to S.. B. Bartley-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, committees were discharged from By Mr. OTJEN: A bill (H. R. 16984) to refund certain taxes the consideration of bills of the following titles; which were there paid by the Fred Miller Brewing Company, of Milwaukee, Wis. upon referred as follows: to the Committee on Claims. A bill (H. R. 941) granting a pension to George- Kelly-Com , By Mr. RICHARDSON of Alabama: A bill (H. R. 16985) for mittee on Invalid Pensions discharged. and referred to the Com 0' the relief of the trustees of the public school buildin0 at Moores mittee on Pensions. ville, Ala.-to the Committee on War Claims. • A bill (H. R. 8'796) granting an increase of pension to. George Also, a bill (H. R. 16986) for the relief of Felix Werden-to the Kelly-Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred Committee on War Claims. to the Committee on Pensions. • ~Mr. STAR;&:~ A bill. (H. R. 16987) granting an increase of A bill (H. R. 12841) granting a pension to William King-Com pension to- William G. Hildreth-to the- Committee on Invalid mittee on Pensions discharged, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. Invalid Pensions. By_ Mr. SUTHERLAND: A bill (H. R. 16988) authorizing the A bill (H. R. 16939) granting an increase of pension to. Alex appomtment of Eugene L. Swift to the active list of the Army ander T. Sullenger-Committee on Invalid Pensions dischargedt to the- Committe- on Military Affairs. and referred to the Committee on Pensions. A bill (H. R. 16077) granting a pension to Leighton M. Pervul, alias Charles H. Hunt-Committee on Invalid Pensions dis PETITIONS, ETC. charged, and referred to the Committee on Pensions. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers A bill (H. R. 16703) granting a pension to John R. Costen were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred to the By Mr. ACHESON: Petition of the Pennsylvania Shoo Manu Committee on Pensions. facturers' Association, Plriladelphia, favoring the bill for the A bill (H. R. 16265) granting a pension to Martha A~ Parks creation of a department of commerce-to the Committee on Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged~ and referred to the Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Committee on Pensions. . Also,. petition
. 1108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 23, .
By Mr. APLIN: Petition of retail druggists of Midland, Mich., By Mr. HULL: Petition of General Hancock Post, No. 82, for the enactment of House bill 178, for reduction of the tax on Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Iowa, favoring a alcohol-to the Committee on Ways and Means. national park upon the battlefield of Fredericksburg-to the Com By Mr. BELL: ·Petition of Royal Gorge Lodge, No. 59, Broth mittee on Military Affairs. erhood of Locomotive Firemen, Pueblo, Colo., favoring the re By Mr. JACK: Petition of sundry citizeus of Indiana and peal of the desert-land law-to the Committee on the Public neighboring counties in the State of Pennsylvania, urging the Lands. passage of House bill178, for the reduction of the tax on alcohol By Mr. BURKETT: Petition of the Methodist Episcopal Church to the Committee on Ways and Means. of Tablerock, Nebr., for the passage of a bill to forbid the sale of Also, resolutions of Redstone Presbytery: Presbytery of Butler, intoxicating liquors in all Government buildings-to the Commit and Allegheny Conference, of the United Brethren Church; tee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. Scottdale, Pa., favoring the establishment of a laboratory for the By Mr. DALZELL: Petitions of sundry citizens of Allegheny study of the criminal, pauper and defective classes-to the Com County, Pa., in favor of legislation in restraint of the liquor mittee on the Judiciary. traffic-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. Also, petition of the Keystone Watch Case Company, Phila By Mr. DINSMORE: Petition of W. V. Steele, of Gentry, Ark., delphia, Pa., urging the establishment of a department of com· urging the passage of House bill178, for the reduction of the tax merce-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. on alcohol-to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr LASSITER: Petitionsof Zimmer Co.,PetersburgRetail Also, petition of heirs of John W. Bean, deceased, late of Wash Drug Association, and retail druggists of Emporia, Va., urging the ington County, Ark., praying reference of war claim to the Court reduction of the tax on alcohol-to the Committee on Ways and of Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. Means. By Mr. DRAPER: Petition of the American Blind People's By Mr. McANDREWS: Petition of Cook County Lodge, No. Higher Education and General Improvement Association, favor 266, Order of B'rith Abraham, Chicago, lll., relating to methods ing the higher education of the blind-to the Committee on Edu of the immigration bureau at the port of New York-to the Com cation• mittee on Immigration and Naturalization. .Also, resolutions of King David Lodge, No. 28, of Troy, N.Y., By Mr. MILLER:· Petition of the Woman's Christian Temper· Order of B'rith Abraham, asking for an amendment to the immi ance Union of Altavista, Kans., to prohibit liquor selling in Gov· gration laws-to the Committee on Immigration and N aturaliza ernment buildings, etc.-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor tion. Traffic. By Mr. EDWARDS: Petition of A. J. McMillan and other re By Mr. MOON: Petition of John E. Pyott, executor of John tail druggists of Glasgow, Mont., urging the passage of House Hoyle, of Rhea County, Tenn., for reference of war claim to the bill178, for the reduction of the tax on alcohol-to the Commit Court of Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. tee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of M.D. Thompson and others, heirs at law of By Mr. ELLIOTT: Resolutions of the Chamber of Commerce William H. Stringer, deceased, praying reference of war claim to of Charleston, S. C., in relation to amending the currency laws the Court of Claims-to the Committee on War Claims. and the deposits of public moneys-to the Committee on Banking By Mr. NEVIN: Petition of Harper & Bro., and others, of and Currency. Hamilton, Ohio, favoring House bill 178-to the Committee on By Mr. ESCH: Petition of Oak Grove Greenhouse Company, Ways and Means. · asking for the removal of the tariff on certain glass products-to By Mr. RICHARDSON of Alabama: Papers to accompany: the Committee on Ways and Means. House bill for the relief of Felix W eeden-to the Committee on By Mr. FLOOD: .Petition of John Glick, of Augusta County, War Claims. Va., praying reference of war claim to the Court of Claims-to the Also, petition of citizens of Mooresville, Ala., for the relief of Committee on War Claims. the trustees of public schoolhouse building in said town-to the Also, petition of Christian Kline, of Augusta County, Va., pray Committee on War Claims. ing reference of war claim to the Court of Claims-to the.Com By Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana: Petition of D. L. Leas, of mittee on War Claims. Waterloo, Ind., against the incorporation of the Interstate Com Also, petition of John A. Cline, of Rockingham County, Va., merce Commission into the department of commerce bill-to the praying reference of war claim to the Court of Claims-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Committee on War Claims. By Mr. SHALLENBERGER: Petition of legislative committee Also, petition of William J. Foster (colored), of Vicksburg, of Branch No. 148, National Association of Post-Office Clerks, Miss., praying reference of war claim to the Court of Claims-to South Omaha, Nebr., asking for the passage of Senate bill4949- the Committee on War Claims. to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. By Mr. GRAHAM: Petition of the Woman's Christian Tem Also, petition of W. H. Byerly and others, of Franklin, Nebr., perance Union of the East End, of Pittsburg, Pa., against there in favor of House bill 178, for reC:.u 3tion of tax on distilled spirits peal of the canteen law,_and in relation to the sale of liquor in im to the Committee on Ways and Means. migrant stations, Government buildings, etc.-to the Committee Also, paper to accompany Honse bill16388, granting an increase on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. of pension to Thomas N. Hinson-to the Committee on Invalid Also, petition of the American Blind People's Higher Educa Pensions. · tion and General Improvement Association, favoring the higher By Mr. SULZER: Petition of Daniel Webster Lodge, No. 9, education of the blind, as provided in Senate bill4038-to the Order of B'rith Abraham, New York, N.Y., relative to immigra- Committee on Education. tion-to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. By Mr. GRIFFITH: Papers to accompany House bill granting By Mr. WOOTEN: Petition of druggists and citizens of Mes an increase of pension to Clemens E. Phillips-to the Committee quite, Tex., urging the reduction of the tax on alcohol-to the on Invalid Pensions. Committee on Ways and Means. Also, papers to accompany House bill granting a pension to By Mr. YOUNG: Petition of the American Blind People's Russ Bacon-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Higher Education and General Improvement Association, favor Also, petition of Minor Padgett Post, No. 180, Department of 'ing Senate bill 4038-to the Committee on Education. Indiana, Grand Army of the Republic, to accompany House bill granting an increase of pension to Ira Stout-to the Committee • on Invalid Pensions. SENATE. By Mr. GROSVENOR: Resolutions of the Ohio Horse Breed ers' Association and Ohio State board of agriculture urging the FRIDAY, January 23, 1903. passage of House bill16656, for the free importation of pure-bred Prayer by Rev. F. J. PRETTYM.AN, of the city of Washington. live stock for breeding purposes-to the Committee on Ways and The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. Means. · . A. E. K. BENHAM. By Mr. HASKINS: Resolutions of Vermont Officers' Reunion The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a commu Society, praying that General William Farrar ("Baldy") Smith nication from the assistant clerk of the Com·t of Claims, trans be commissioned a major-general of the United States Army mitting a certified copy of the findings filed by the court in the and retired with the rank and pay ·of such-to the Committee on cause of A. E. K. Benham v. The United States; which, with the Military Affairs. accompanying paper, was referred to the Committee on Claims, By Mr. HOWELL: Petitions of citizens of New Jersey, advo and ordered to be printed. cating the construction of a breakwater at Atlantic Highlands, Monmouth County, N. J.-to the Committee on Rivers and JENNIE E. HALLER. Harbors. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a commu .Also, petitions of citizens of South Amboy and ~ddlesex nication from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claim , trans County, N. J., and J\fadison Transportation Company, of New mitting a certified copy of the findings· filed by the court in the Jersey, urging the improvement of Cheesequake Creek-to the cause of Jennie E. Haller. administratrix of Samuel :M. Haller, Committee on Rivers and Harbors. dece<'!-sed, 1' The United States; which, with the accompanying