“Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report ”Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Activity 1.1: Review of the national monitoring systems and tools for assessing data obtained from monitoring activities

HYDROMORPHOLOGY

Prepared by Tatjana Kolcova, KE4, September 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .... 3 2. COUNTRY OVERVIEW 5 2.1. ARMENIA ...... 5 2.1.1. Present situation ...... 5 2.1.2. Akhuryan pilot-basin ...... 7 2.1.3. Conclusions ...... 9 2.2. AZERBAIJAN ...... 9 2.2.1. Present situation ...... 9 2.2.2. Central Kura pilot-basin ...... 11 2.2.3. Conclusions ...... 13 2.3. BELARUS ...... 13 2.3.1. Present situation ...... 13 2.3.2. Conclusions ...... 15 2.4. GEORGIA ...... 16 2.4.1. Present situation ...... 16 2.4.2. Chorokhi-Adjaristkali pilot-basin ...... 18 2.4.3. Conclusions ...... 20 2.5. ...... 20 2.5.1. Present situation ...... 20 2.5.2. Conclusions ...... 23 2.6. ...... 23 2.6.1. Present situation ...... 23 2.6.2. Conclusions ...... 26

3. SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS 26 4. REFERENCES ...... 29

Page 1 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AAC Joint Stock Company “Azerbaijan Amelioration and Farm” ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ASH State Hydrometeorological and Monitoring Service under the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Armenia BMA Basin Management Area BSMD Black Sea Monitoring Division DENRA Directorate for Environment and Natural Resources of Adjara EPIRB Environmental Protection of International River Basins Project EU European Union FGSU Faculty of Geography of the Ukraine State University Fig. Figure GIS Geographic Information System HPP Hydro Power Plant HR Hydrological Regime IEG Institute of Ecology and Geography of Moldova ISRA Irrigation Sector Reform Activity MC river's/lake's morphological conditions MoE Ministry of Environment NEA National Environmental Agency under the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia NEMD Natural Environmental Monitoring Department under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, Republic of Azerbaijan NHD National Hydrometeorological Department under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Azerbaijan QEs Quality Elements RC River Continuity RHC Republican Hydrometeorological Center of Belarus SHS State Hydrometeorological Service under the Ministry of Environment of Moldova SWRA State Water Resources Agency of Ukraine THVA Transition to High-Value Agriculture ToR Terms of Reference UHMC Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center UN United Nations UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe USAID United States Agency for International Development WFD Water Framework Directive

Page 2 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report

1. INTRODUCTION The major modifications, such as water abstractions, water flow regulations (dams, weirs, sluices and locks) and morphological alterations (straightening and canalization) and the disconnection of flood plains have a significant impact on surface freshwater and this is called hydromorphological pressure.

Hydromorphological pressures comprise all kinds of changes to the surface water bodies and hydrological regime of rivers. Hydromorphological pressures and modified habitats are the most commonly occurring alterations in rivers and lakes.

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) introduces an integrated approach to the achievement of healthy water bodies with good ecological status.

The ecological classification system required under the WFD describes hydromorphological elements as 'supporting the biological elements'. This means assessing the pressures and impacts on:  the hydrological regime (quantity and dynamics of flow, connections to groundwater);  continuity (ability of sediment and migratory species to pass freely up and down rivers and laterally within the floodplain);  morphology (i.e. physical habitat – composition of substrate, width/depth variation, the structure of bed, banks and riparian zones).

Determining the allowable degree of modification in the water body is the first step in solving the conflict between water use and environment protection. This can be done through a comparison of the historical and current hydrological and morphological parameters of rivers and lakes.

The beneficiary countries of the Environmental Protection of International River Basins Project (EPIRB) - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine – were visited in order to assess whether the existing hydrological monitoring is in accordance with WFD requirements. The mission to Ukraine was organised by Andriy Demydenko, the TL. The missions to the Caucasus countries was organised by Zurab Jincharadze, DTL, with the assistance of the CWM of Armenia, Vahagn Tonoyan, and the CWM for Azerbaidjan, Rustam Rajabov. The missions to Moldova were organised by the CWM of Moldova, Victor Bujac, and to Belarus by the CWM of Belarus, Aliaksandr Stankewich. The following local experts in the Project countries dealing with hydromorphological monitoring have been assisting in collecting information during the field missions to beneficiary countries:

Country Institution Contact person Armenia Water Resources Management Agency, Ministry of Nature Volodya Narimanyan Protection

Page 3 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report Akhurian Water Basin Management Authority Ashot Abgaryan State Hydrometeorological and Monitoring Service, Ministry Hamlet Melkonyan, of Emergency Situations of Armenia Edgar Misakyan, Shirak Regional Hydro-meteorology Service Hermes Tadevosyan Azerbaidjan Natural Environmental Monitoring Department, Ministry of Matanat Avazova Ecology and Natural Resources, Republic of Azerbaidjan Ganja Regional Hydrometeorological Centre Camshid Mammadov “Azerbaijan Amelioration and Water Farm” Mammad Asadov Belarus Republican Hydrometeorological Centre. Juriy Lesnychiy Central Research Institute for Complex Use of Water Vladimir Korneev Resources Georgia Water Resources Protection Division, Ministry of Marina Makarova Environmental Protection Environmental Pollution Monitoring Department, National Marina Arabidze Environmental Agency, Ministry of Environmental Protection Department of Hydrometeorology, National Environmental Vakhtang Geladze Agency, Ministry of Environmental Protection The Black Sea Monitoring Division, National Environmental George Komakhidze Agency, Ministry of Environmental Protection Nana Davitaia Directorate for Environment and Natural Resources of Oleg Bolkvadze Adjara Moldova State Hydrometeorology Service, Ministry of Ecology and Ludmila Serenco Natural Resources, Republic of Moldova State Enterprise “Basin Water Management Division’’ Victor Bujac, (Administration for and Dniester river Basins), Ministry Eugen Gucinschi of Ecology and Natural Resources, Republic of Moldova Institute of Ecology and Geography Orest Melcniciuc Ghenadii Syrodoev Ukraine Department of Water Monitoring, Ministry of Ecology and Valentyna Vasylenko Natural Resources of Ukraine. State Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Ecology and Olga Lysyuk Natural Resources of Ukraine. Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center, Ministry of Ecology Viktoria Boyko and Natural Resources, Republic of Ukraine. Ukrainian State University Aleksandr Obodovskiy Dnieper River Basin Administration Ivan Dremlyuga, Nikolay Stecenko, Igor Strelec

Page 4 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report

The monitoring programmes and collected data of the national monitoring systems were assessed in accordance to the WFD requirements, e.g. hydromorphological quality parameter measurements that contain:  quantity and dynamics of water flow, water levels of lakes,  river continuity,  residence time of lakes,  surface and ground waters interaction,  depth and width variations,  structure and substrate of beds,  structure of river riparian zones and lake shores.

2. COUNTRY OVERVIEW 2.1. ARMENIA In the territory of Armenia there are about 9480 small and large rivers, with a total length of 23 000 km, of which 379 are 10 km or longer, and more than 100 lakes, some of which dry up in the summer. Surface water storage in Armenia is estimated at 7700 km3, including 940 km3 of transboundary water.

2.1.1. Present situation The State Hydrometeorological and Monitoring Service, under the Ministry of Emergency Situations (ASH) carries out all hydrological monitoring in rivers, lakes and reservoirs. ASH has 7 regional hydrological stations (departments in Armenian terminology) and the central office is in Yerevan, where the data is processed and stored.

The existing water monitoring system in Armenia was established in the Soviet era, and still has equipment and methods developed in that period. Due to the poor economic situation ASH suffers from a shortage of financial, human and technical resources and has many hydrological posts (stations in Armenian terminology) with non- functional equipment and facilities. All aspects of the water monitoring system, including data acquisition, processing and dissemination, are out-of-date.

Hydrological monitoring is carried out in 94 hydrological posts. Only 6 of these are water level posts, others ensuring both water level and water discharge measurements are taken (Fig.1). A water level-water discharge rating curve method is used for the daily water runoff calculations.

Hydromorphological information is available for at least 88 river cross-sections, including water runoff, flow currents, depth and width variations. For lakes and reservoirs only the water level is measured.

River continuity and river morphology information, such as longitudinal profiles, cross-sections, floodplains, river bed and riparian zone structures, were historically collected by AHS. In addition, the Ministry of Emergency Situations has some information on river flood protection walls, in areas that are flooded frequently or are under such risk. The Page 5 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report Ministry of Territorial Administration, through its State Committee on Water Systems, has information on excavation of river bed in the Araks river, since it holds data on Armenian-Turkish joint measurements of water quantity there. The Ministry of Agriculture participates in the development of a programme of measurements for river bank strengthening, in order to address inundations of key agricultural areas.

Figure 1. Armenian hydrological stations network (Source: USAID Program for Institutional and Regulatory Strengthening of Water Management in Armenia)

Table 1. WFD hydromorphological quality elements, components and ASH monitoring programme compliance. Hydromorphological Component ASH monitoring programme Elements Quantity and dynamics of river Assessed by ASH Hydrological regime /reservoirs flow Connection to groundwater bodies Not assessed by ASH

Page 6 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report ASH assesses river continuity but only within 300m of monitoring stations. For larger scale River continuity components (e.g. a water body) this is complemented by other sources of information (e.g. GIS) or by carrying out several continuous surveys Not assessed by ASH, but might be Residence time of lakes Lake volume, inflow/outflow calculated, using flow map and meteorological data River depth and width variation, Assessed by ASH Lake depth (water level) variations Structure and substrate of river beds Assessed by ASH Morphological conditions Structure and substrate of lake beds Not assessed by ASH Structure of river riparian zones Partly assessed by ASH and lake shores

Hydrological measurements are carried out by a number of observers. The water gauge is used for the water level observations and cableway systems and current meters are used for water discharge measurements. Almost all monitoring equipment is out-of-date. All current meters are calibrated biennially.

Data processing is carried out by 7 regional hydrometeorological stations. Data is entered in the database in the Yerevan central office once a year. There are no tools for hydrological data processing or modelling of the ungauged rivers. All data related to water resources is stored in the hydrological database, which is based on MS Access. The database contains information for the last 2-3 years, whereas historical data is available for 50-80 years, and is stored in Excel worksheets.

2.1.2. Akhuryan pilot-basin The Akhuryan pilot basin (Fig. 2) is the “Akhuryan” Basin Management Area (BMA) that includes 3 main river basins: Araks, Akhuryan and Metsamor. The Akhuryan reservoir, with the total volume of surface water of approx. 525 km3, is located in the BMA area. Water from the Akhuryan reservoir is used for irrigation in Armenia and Turkey, and is seasonally regulated. In 2011 the “Arpilich” National Park was founded on lake Arpilich, in the upper stretch of the Akhuryan River.

National measurement programmes in the Akhuryan pilot-basin include the following elements:  water quality sampling and analysis by EIMC;  water flows, water levels, river cross-sections, current velocities and water temperature measurements on rivers and reservoirs by AHS;  water use and pollution discharge monitoring by SEI;  water demand monitoring by WRMA;  drinking water quality monitoring by SHEI;

Page 7 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report  meteorological data measurements (air temperature, precipitation, humidity etc.) by AHS.

14 water quality observation points, 6 meteorological stations, 2 water level stations (on lake Arpilich and Akhurian reservoir) and 15 water runoff stations on the rivers are operated within the territory of the pilot-basin. In the “Arpilich” National Park water runoff measurements are made in the period from November to April only. Stations are equipped with the water gauges and cableway systems for flow measurements.

Figure 2. Akhurian pilot-basin

There is hydromorphological information for all water runoff stations. For lake Arpilich and the Akhurian reservoir there is only historical data. GIS layers are available for river basin analysis and HMQEs assessment.

Existing historical data could be used for the HM pressure and quality analysis. This includes:

Page 8 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report  hydromorphological data from 30-th years ago(time series of water level and water runoff, water discharge curves, data of longitudinal profiles along the rivers in the station reaches and river cross-sections, information about the structure of rivers, lake beds and riparian zones);  water quality time series for the last 20-30 years;  water abstraction and water use data. All this data will be used during the river basin analysis.

2.1.3. Conclusions  An existing monitoring network both in country and in the pilot-basin is relatively well developed in accordance to the WFD requirements However, the number of monitored parameters is not sufficient to analyze the anthropogenic impact on the hydromorphology.  In the pilot river basin all measurement equipment is out-of-date and should be renovated.  Data from the Turkish Araks and Akhuryan river basins is unavailable.  Data processing is carried out manually in the Excel sheets. To improve the situation it is necessary to migrate to new software for the processing and storage of hydromorphological data.

2.2. AZERBAIJAN Surface water resources in Azerbaijan amount to 32 km3, and in dry years the volume is reduced to 23 km3. Of the total, 70% of the water is formed in the territories of neighbouring states. 80% of the country's water resources are in the Kura River basin and its tributaries. The Kura River, with a total length of 1515 km, is the largest river in the republic. The second largest waterway is the Araz River (Araks).

The territory of Azerbaijan has 250 lakes and over 1000 rivers but only 21 of these have a length of 100 km or more. Most rivers are used for irrigation.

2.2.1. Present situation The National Hydrometeorological Department (NHD), under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, provides all hydrological monitoring in rivers, lakes and reservoirs.

Hydrological monitoring is performed in 93 hydrological stations. In 68 of these stations water level and water discharge measurements are carried out (see Figure 3 below).

Hydromorphological parameters are measured on 68 river cross-sections, including water runoff, flow currents, depth and width variations. The water level-water discharge rating curve method is used for daily water runoff calculations. For lakes and reservoirs, only water level and water temperature information is available.

Page 9 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report

Figure 3. Hydrological network of Azerbaijan (Source: the National Hydrometeorological Department)

Historical data contains information on water quality and quantity, river cross-sections, flow velocities, information about sediment runoff, the structure and substrate of river and lake beds and the structure of the riparian zone. Usage of this information is complicated, as the analysis of morphological parameters has not been performed.

Table 2. WFD hydromorphological quality elements, components and NHD monitoring programme compliance. Hydromorphological Component NHD monitoring programme Elements Quantity and dynamics of river Assessed by NHD Hydrological regime /reservoirs flow Connection to groundwater bodies Not assessed by NHD NHD assesses river continuity but only within 300m of monitoring stations. For larger scale River continuity components (e.g. waterbodies) it has to be complemented by other sources of information (e.g. GIS) or by carrying out several continuous surveys Not assessed by NHD, but might be Residence time of lakes Lake volume, inflow/outflow calculated, using flow map and meteorological data River depth and width variations, Assessed by NHD Morphological conditions Lake depth (water level) variations Structure and substrate of river beds Assessed by NHD

Page 10 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report Structure and substrate of lake beds Not assessed by NHD Structure of river riparian zones Partly assessed by NHD/AAC and lake shores

Hydrological measurements are carried out by a number of observers. Water gauges are used for water level observations and current meters for water discharge measurements. Almost all monitoring equipment is out-of-date. On 5 stations on the Kura River, water discharge measurements are carried out by ADCP. Current meters have not been calibrated since 1997-1998.

Historical data is available from 1938, but only information from the last 30 years is collected in digital format. Older information is available in paper format only. There is no data processing tool available, and all procedures are performed manually in Excel.

The “Azerbaijan Amelioration and Farm” (AAC) Joint Stock Company deals with water abstraction and land irrigation on the territory of Azerbaijan. The irrigation systems of Azerbaijan operated by AAC include: 135 water reservoirs, 51 755 km of irrigation channels, 29 640 km of collector-drainage networks, 1 700 km dams and various hydraulic structures and pumping stations. The company has a number of observation stations on lakes and reservoirs, on transboundary rivers and on big reclamation channels. In addition, the company attended to the works required for river channel cleaning and riverbank protection.

2.2.2. Central Kura pilot-basin The Central Kura pilot-basin belongs in Kura River stretch, with tributaries from the Georgian border to the Mingechavir reservoir. The pilot-basin includes the four major watersheds of the Agstafachay, Tovuzchay, Shamkirchay and Ganjachay rivers, as well as smaller streams flowing to the Kura (Fig. 4). The Agstafachay and Tovuzchay rivers are trans-boundary with Armenia. Many rivers in the pilot-basin are part of the irrigation system of Azerbaijan.

The Agstafachay reservoir is one of the biggest in Azerbaijan for irrigation purpose, with a water storage capacity of 120 mln m³ and a 52 m high dam.

Guanja, the regional branch of the National Hydrometeorological Department (MoE Azerbaijan) with the pollution monitoring laboratory in Gazakh, is responsible for the monitoring network in the western part of Azerbaijan.

Page 11 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report

Figure 4. Central Kura pilot-basin (Source: the National Hydrometeorological Department)

National measurement programmes in Central Kura pilot-basin include the following elements:  water quality sampling and analysis by NEMD;  water flow, water level, river cross-section, current velocity and water temperature measurements on rivers and reservoirs by NHD;  water use monitoring by AAC;  water demand monitoring by AAC;  drinking water quality monitoring by “Azersu”;  meteorological data measurement (air temperature, precipitation, humidity etc.) by NHD.

The pilot-basin monitoring network consists of 6 meteorological stations and 13 hydrological stations. All stations provide water level and water temperature measurements, water discharge, river cross-sections and current velocities.

For the quality assessment of hydromorphological elements information is obtained from 13 river cross-sections. Existing historical data could be used for the HM pressure and quality analysis. They include:  hydromorphological data from 30 years of the XXth century (time series of water level and water runoff, water discharge curves, data of longitudinal profiles along the rivers in the station reaches and river cross- sections, information about the structure of river and lake beds and riparian zones);  water quality time series for the last 20-30 years;  water abstraction and water use data. All this data will be used during the river basin analysis. Page 12 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report

2.2.3. Conclusions  The monitoring programme only partially complies with the WFD.  The measurement equipment is out-of-date and should be replaced or renovated.  The existing current meter park should be calibrated as soon as possible to address the poor quality of current velocity measurements.  Data processing is carried out manually in Excel worksheets. To improve the situation, it is necessary to migrate to modern software for the processing and storage of hydromorphological data.  Existing historical hydromorphological data should be analyzed in accordance with WFD requirements.

2.3. BELARUS The surface water resources of Belarus are estimated to be 58 km3 per year. Most of the runoff is generated within Belarus. The influx of water from neighbouring countries (Russia and Ukraine) is equal to 21.6 km3, or 36% of the total.

The rivers of the country belong to the basins of two seas: the Black Sea and Baltic Sea, comprising 56% and 44% of the total catchment area, respectively. The total number of rivers and streams is 20 800 with the total length of watercourses is 90 600 km, including the vast majority of the small lowland rivers. Only seven rivers have the status of a fairly large river, with a length of more than 500 km - the Western Dvina, the Neman, the Vilia (the Baltic Sea Basin), the Dnieper, the Berezina, the Pripyat and the Sog (the Black Sea Basin).

2.3.1. Present situation The State hydrometeorological service of the Republic of Belarus is structured in subdivisions of hydrometeorological activities that include 7 centres under the Hydrometeorology Department of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection (Republican Hydrometeorological Center (RHC), Republican Aviation and Meteorological Center, Brest Oblast Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Center, Vitebsk Oblast Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Center, Gomel Oblast Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Center, Grodno Oblast Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Center, Mogilev Oblast Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring Center named after O.Y. Shmidt).

Hydrological monitoring is performed at 137 stations (123 on rivers and 14 on lakes), 107 of which take both water level and water discharge measurements (Figure 5).

Sediment runoff is measured at 7 hydrological stations. Every 10-12 years field instrumental surveys on the river stretches and the territory of the observation stations are carried out.

Page 13 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report Hydromorphological information is available for 107 river cross-sections, including water runoff, flow currents, depth and width variations, the structure and substrate of the river beds, the structure of the riparian zones and sediment runoff data for 7 additional stations. Water level information and partly structural characteristics are available for 14 lakes. RHC is also responsible for meteorological monitoring. Long-term time series of air temperature, precipitation and air humidity data is available for water quality assessment.

River continuity and river morphology information can be found in “BELVODPUT” (for navigable rivers such as the Dnieper, Pripyat and Soz), in “BELGIPROVODHOZ” (morphological data for the rivers and floodplains of the Dnieper River basin) and in RHC (hydrographical data for the last 70 years).

Historical information for 50 years at least includes the time series of water quality and water quantity data, river cross-sections, longitudinal profiles of river beds and banks for all reaches of the observation stations of RHC.

Figure 5. Hydrological network of Belarus (Source: Republican Hydrometeorological Center)

Page 14 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report Table 3. WFD hydromorphological quality elements, components and RHC monitoring programme compliance.

Hydromorphological RHC monitoring programme Component Elements compliance Quantity and dynamics of river Assessed by RHC Hydrological regime /reservoir flows Connection to groundwater bodies Not assessed by RHC RHS assesses river continuity but only within 300m of monitoring stations. For larger scale River continuity components (e.g. water bodies) it has to be complemented by other sources of information (e.g. GIS) or by carrying out several continuous surveys Not assessed by RHC, but might be Residence time of lakes Lake volume, inflow/outflow calculated, using flow map and meteorological data River depth and width variation, Assessed by RHC Lake depth (water level) variations Structure and substrate of river beds Assessed by RHC Morphological conditions Structure and substrate of lake beds Not assessed by RHC Structure of river riparian zones Partly assessed by RHC and lake shores

Water gauges, chart recorders and one automatic station are used for water level measurements. Water discharge measurements are carried out using current meters from bridges, using 3 cableway systems.

Six regional centres and Republican Hydrometeorological Center provide the data processing. Data is stored in the Republican Hydrometeorological Center database, and is used to produce the Hydrological Yearbook. The Russian production data processing tool “River&Regime” is used for hydrological data processing and storage. Historical data is stored in digital format from 1997; older data is available in paper format.

The ToR of the Joint EU and UN Development Program Project "Support to the development of a comprehensive framework for international environmental cooperation in the Republic of Belarus", involves the development of normative legal acts for determining the extent of changes in river hydromorphological parameters on the basis of EU guideline standard EN 15843:2010 Water Quality - Guidance standard on determining the degree of modification of river hydromorphology. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus has begun the procedure of adapting EU guideline standard EN 14614.2004 Water Quality ― Guidance standard for assessing the hydromorphological features of rivers.

2.3.2. Conclusions  The density of the hydrological observation stations is not high (1 station to 1.5 thousand km2), but this question is always under discussion and only delineation of surface water bodies will show the sufficiency of

Page 15 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report the existing monitoring network.  The same goes for the number of monitored parameters. It varies between river basins, and the number of monitored parameters is not sufficient for all rivers in analysing the anthropogenic impact on the hydromorphology.  The analysis of morphological data is not carried out. This fact should be taken into consideration in data acquisition.

2.4. GEORGIA In Georgia, there are 26000 rivers with annual runoff constituting 61.5 km3. The rivers belong to the Black Sea and Caspian basins. The rivers of the Black Sea basin form a dense network, and are deep, due to the abundance of precipitation. They are generally relatively short, as many of them originate at an altitude of 2000-2500 m, and therefore represent rapid turbulent flows.

The largest river of Western Georgia, the Rioni River, begins in the southern slopes of the Great Dividing Range of the Greater Caucasus. Second in length is the Inguri River. The main waterway of East Georgia is the Kura River. The Kura River basin area is 2.6 times larger than that of the Rioni River, but its average annual flow is 1.2 times less. For the efficient use of water resources, four reservoirs were created in the country.

2.4.1. Present situation The Department of Hydrometeorology of the National Environmental Agency (NEA), under the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources carries out regular hydrological monitoring in 24 hydrological stations, obtaining data on water level and water temperature. Water discharge measurements are carried out in 9 stations (Fig. 6).

For water discharge measurements an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and old equipment (cable ways + current meters) are used. All current meters are calibrated biennially. Automatic stations for water level and water temperature monitoring are installed at 15-20 hydrological sites, but are not yet operating.

The water level-water discharge rating curve method is used for daily water runoff calculations.

Hydromorphological information is available for at least 9 river cross-sections, including water runoff, flow currents and depth and width variations.

Historical data is available for 145 hydrological stations, where different hydromorphological parameters were measured during the Soviet era.

Collecting morphological information: continuity of river streams, natural and artificial barriers, composition of river beds, ground cover, partial size and material, coarse wood debris, etc. is the responsibility of the NEA, formerly Page 16 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report Hydromet. The monograf “Гидрографические описания рек и озер” (Hydrographical descriptions of rivers and lakes) of the series “Water resources of USSR” contains morphological information, including longitudinal profiles of river beds and banks of many of the Georgian rivers.

Licensing for extraction of gravels and other building materials from river beds is carried out by the Spatial Data Center of the National Environmental Agency. All information from the NEA and the Spatial Data Center will be available to the project.

Table 4. WFD hydromorphological quality elements, components and NEA monitoring programme compliance. Hydromorphological Component NEA monitoring programme Elements Quantity and dynamics of river Assessed by NEA Hydrological regime /reservoirs flow Connection to groundwater bodies Not assessed by NEA NEA assesses river continuity but only within 300m of monitoring stations. For larger scale River continuity components (e.g. waterbodies) it has to be complemented by other sources of information (e.g. GIS) or by carrying out several continuous surveys Not assessed by NEA, but might Residence time of lakes Lake volumes, inflows/outflows be calculated, using flow map and meteorological data River depth and width variations, Assessed by NEA on rivers only Lake depth (water level) variations Structure and substrate of river beds Not assessed by NEA Morphological conditions Structure and substrate of lake beds Not assessed by NEA Structure of river riparian zones Not assessed by NEA and lake shores

Page 17 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report

Figure 6. Monitoring network in Georgia (Source: NEA, Department of Hydrometeorology )

Data processing is provided by use of a Slovenian production data processing tool, and carried out by 4 regional hydrometeorological divisions: in Adjara, Kutaisi (serving the rest of Western Georgia), Tbilisi (serving Eastern Georgia) and Akhaltsikhe (South Georgia). Data is entered in the databases of the regional centres monthly, and once a year in the database (based on MS Access) of the Data Management Service.

2.4.2. Chorokhi-Adjaristkali pilot-basin Chorokhi-Adjaristkali pilot basin is located in Autonomous Republic of Adjara, and includes the Chorokhi River and its main tributary the Adjaristkali. The Chorokhi River originates in Turkey, with water runoff regulated through a HPP cascade before Turkey-Georgia border.

The construction of a new HPP, on the lower stretch of the Chorokhi River in Georgia, has started. The Development Plan of the Adjara Republic includes the construction of a cascade of hydropower plants on the Adjaristkali River as well and 11 HPPs wholly in the Chorokhi-Adjaristkali pilot basin.

Page 18 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report

Figure 7. Chorokhi-Adjaristkali pilot-basin (Source: NEA, Department of Hydrometeorology)

The Hydrometeorological Service of the Adjara Republic carries out the hydromorphological monitoring in the territory of the pilot basin. At present 2 hydrological stations are operating: one gauging station on the Adjaristkali River and one water runoff station on the Chorokhi River. Stations are equipped with water gauges and cableway systems for flow measurements. Additionally 3 automatic stations will be installed in Chorokhi River basin. In addition, during water sampling staff of the Black Sea Monitoring Division (BSMD) of the NEA measures the water discharges themselves on 5 surface monitoring sites once a month, including on 2 sites on the Chorokhi and Adjaristskali rivers. For these measurements, a float gauging method is used, which gives rather approximate results. Meteorological data is available from 2 meteorological stations in Batumi and Kabuleti.

National measurement programmes in the Chorokhi-Adjaristkali pilot-basin include the following elements:  water quality sampling and analysis by BSMD (5 sites) and DENRA (170 sites);  water flow, water level, river cross-section, current velocity and water temperature measurements on the Chorokhi River by BSMD  water level, water flow (associated with water quality sampling) and water temperature measurements on the Adjaristkali River by BSMD;  water use monitoring by DENRA;  meteorological data measurements (air temperature, precipitation, humidity etc.) by BSMD.

GIS layers are available for the river basin analysis and HMQEs assessment.

Existing historical data could be used for the HM pressure quality analysis. They include:  hydromorphological data from 30-th years (time series of water level and water runoff, water discharge curves, data on longitudinal profiles along the rivers and river cross-sections, information about the structure of river and lake beds and riparian zones);  water quality time series for the last 20-30 years;

Page 19 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report  water abstraction and water use data.

Some additional hydrometeorological data was collected as part of the “Adjaristsqali hydropower project” by a Norwegian based hydropower company called Clean Energy Group, and will be useful for the pressure and HMQEs assessment in the pilot-basin.

2.4.3. Conclusions  The hydrological monitoring network is critically low, and insufficient for the surface water ecological status assessment.  A future anthropogenic pressure assessment seems quite a complicated task, considering the planned construction of the HPPs cascade.  Data from the Turkish territory of the Chorokhi River basin is not available, but the Ministry of the Environment can help in getting these through a bilateral contract.  The morphological parameters are measured partially, and in a pilot-basin on one station on the Chorokhi River. It will be necessary to obtain the ADCP for the hydromorphological measurements for the period of project implementation.  The measurement equipment in the pilot basin is out-of-date and should be replaced or renovated.  Existing historical hydromorphological data should be analyzed in accordance with WFD requirements.

2.5. MOLDOVA The natural waters in the country cover only 62.2 km2 and amount to a capacity of 200-220 km3. Another approx. 250 km2 is generated by artificial ponds and reservoirs (3 500-3 800 in number) having a capacity of about 800 km3 of water. The entire surface water area is about 1% of the territory.

Moldova has few large rivers that carry large masses of water, but there are a lot of medium-sized and small rivers. Of 3 085 permanent and temporary watercourses, only 240 have a length of more than 10 km, and only eight rivers - the Dniester, Prut, Raut, Ichel, Bic, Botna, and Ialpug Kogilnik – are more than 100 km long. The Dniester, Prut, Ialpug and Kogilnik (Cogilnic) are transboundary rivers. For a length of 695 km which forms the border between Romania and Moldova. The Prut the tributary of the River, has a hydrographic basin of 27,500 km2, of which 10,990 km2 are in Romania and 7,790 km2 in Moldova. A small part of the territory of Moldova in the south belongs to the Danube River basin as well.

2.5.1. Present situation The State Hydrometeorological Service (SHS), under the Ministry of Environment, is responsible for hydrometeorological observations, soil and air pollution control. The Hydrological Department of the SHS provides observations of the hydrological regime of the Moldavian rivers, and delivers hydrological data, forecasts and

Page 20 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report warnings about dangerous phenomena to the public. Staff of the Hydrological Department comprises 369 water monitoring specialists (including the observers).

Hydrological monitoring is carried out on 46 monitoring stations, 7 on lakes and 39 on rivers. 13 of these have only water level and water temperature measurements (Fig. 8). Other 33 stations have both water level and water discharge measurements. Sediment runoff is measured about 10 times a year. There is a Schedule of the joint measurements on the Prut River undertaken together with the Romanian National Agency “Apele Romane”.

The water level-water discharge rating curve method is used for daily water runoff calculations.

Hydromorphological information is available for 33 river cross-sections and 7 lakes, including water runoff, flow currents, sediment runoff and depth and width variations. Cross-section measurements of the Dniester River have been made under the auspices of the UNECE “Reducing vulnerability to floods and climate changes in Dniester river basin” project. As part of a State investment project SHS has carried out a hydrographic survey of the Prut River.

In addition, meteorological data, such as air temperature, precipitation, air humidity and GIS information, is available to the project.

Table 5. WFD hydromorphological quality elements, components and SHS monitoring programme compliance. Hydromorphological Component SHS monitoring programme Elements Quantity and dynamics of river Assessed by SHS Hydrological regime /reservoirs flows Connection to groundwater bodies Not assessed by SHS

River continuity Assessed by IEG Not assessed by SHS, but might be Residence time of lakes Lake volume, inflows/outflows calculated, using flow map and meteorological data River depth and width variations, Assessed by SHS Lake depth (water level) variations Structure and substrate of river beds Assessed by SHS/ IEG Morphological conditions Structure and substrate of lake beds Assessed by IEG Structure of river riparian zones Assessed by IEG and lake shores

Page 21 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report

Figure 8. Hydrological network of Moldova (Source: the State Hydrometeorological Service)

For water level measurements, gauging stations are used on most sites, as well as 5 automatic stations. For water discharge measurements, 2 cable-way systems, 2 ADCPs and current meters are used. All current meters are calibrated biennially.

As part of different projects 29 automatic stations will be installed during the period 2012-2015 (project “The prevention and protection against floods in the upper Siret and Prut River Basins, through the implementation of a modern monitoring system with automatic stations” will bring 1 station, project “Disaster and Climate Risk Management in Moldova” will install 7 automatic post stations on the Dniester river, the Moldo-Czech project “Flood Warning and River Monitoring System for the Prut River” is foreseen to install 11 hydrometric automatic posts and the “Irrigation Sector Reform Activity (ISRA) of the Transition to High-Value Agriculture (THVA) Project” will install, up to 2015, 10 automatic stations, 8 of which will be on the Dniester River basin.

Data processing and storage is provided using a Czech production data processing tool and a number of local programs. Data in digital format is available from 1993 (Excel worksheets). Earlier data exists only in paper form. Historical data is available from the 1930s.

Page 22 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report

The Institute of Ecology and Geography of Moldova (IEG) is responsible for the development and implementation of the branch block in the research environment for the development of the "National Strategic Action Programme of the environment”. Laboratory of dynamic geomorphology by IEG provides the assessment of anthropogenic impact on surface water bodies, and the pressure on the hydromorphological parameters of rivers and lakes. The number of persons employed in the Laboratory is 12. IEG has a database of hydrographic and morphological information. Historical data from 30ies years of the XXth century include water quantity and quality information, river cross- sections, longitudinal profiles, sediment runoff, the structure and substrate of the river and lake beds and the structure of the riparian zone.

2.5.2. Conclusions  Hydromophological monitoring is provided partly by the SHS within the framework of water discharge measurements.  Existing hydromorphological data should be analyzed in accordance with WFD requirements.  Special investigations of the changes of the hydromorphological parameters in rivers and reservoirs have been performed by the laboratory of dynamic geomorphology of the IEG. The results of these investigations should be used in the Project.  Measurement equipment is partly out-of-date and should be renovated.  The existing data processing tool do not provide hydromorphological data analysis. Historical database is available only in paper format. The electronic database is available from 1993. To improve the situation, it is necessary to introduce modern software for the processing and storage of hydromorphological data.

2.6. UKRAINE Ukraine has about 22000 rivers with a total length of 170 000 km. The runoff of the Dnieper, Dniester, Siversky Donets, Bug, Southern Bug, and Danube rivers, with their tributaries, as well as of the small rivers belonging to the Black and Azov Sea basins, are the main sources of fresh water in Ukraine. Nearly 80 per cent of drinking water supply in Ukraine comes from surface water. The total amount of water resources is 209.8 km3 per year. Ukraine is characterized by uneven distribution of water resources across the country.

2.6.1. Present situation The Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center (UHMC), under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, is responsible for the hydrological observations. The purpose of these observations is to obtain data required for hydrological forecasting, studying the hydrological regime, estimating water balance and water resources and assessing the influence of human activity upon water resources. In addition to the Hydrometeorological Center in Kiev there are 24 regional centres, the Central Geophysical Observatory in Kiev and two observatories in Izmail and Sevastopol.

Page 23 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report State Hydrological monitoring is carried out by the Geophysical Observatory on 435 observation stations, 375 of which are located on rivers and 60 on lakes and reservoirs. Water discharge is measured at 333 hydrological stations all around the country (Fig. 9). Sediment runoff is measured at 110 monitoring stations.

The water level-water discharge rating curve method is used for daily water runoff calculations.

Hydromorphological information is available for at least 333 river stations, 8 lakes and 52 reservoirs, including water runoff, flow currents, river cross-sections, and depth and width variations. Hydrological measurements are carried out by a number of observers. Water gauge and chart recorders are used for water level observations and current meters for the water discharge measurements. All current meters are calibrated biennially.

Figure 9. Hydrological network of Ukraine (Source: the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center)

Automatic stations are installed on 41 sites (38 in Zakarpatye, 2 on the Prut River and 1 on the Dnieper River). Operative information is transferred by mobile connection to the FTP server from the year 2001. Data is processed and stored in the “ARM Geoinformation system”. Historical data is stored on paper.

The State Water Resources Agency (SWRA) is responsible for all policy issues related to water resources development and it controls water abstraction and use. Ten Water Basin Administrations, under the SWRA, maintain a network of hydrological stations on the land drainage area (on channels) and HPP (on reservoirs).

Page 24 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report The Dnieper River Basin Administration provides hydrological measurements on 62 HPPs (Fig. 11). River bank erosion observations are carried out on 80 sites. In 2010-2011, a flood risk model of the Dnieper River was developed and a map of area of inundation prepared. The sediment load of the Dnieper was investigated under various projects. All data is stored in the Information System of the Dnieper River Basin Administration in Vyshegrad. A data processing tool has not yet been developed.

Figure 10. Hydrological monitoring stations in the Dnieper and Prut river basins (Source: the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center) Table 6. WFD hydromorphological quality elements, components and UHMC/SWRA monitoring programme compliance.

Hydromorphological UHMC /SWRA monitoring Component Elements programme Quantity and dynamics of river Assessed by UHMC /SWRA Hydrological regime /reservoirs flow Connection to groundwater bodies Not assessed by UHMC /SWRA UHМC assesses river continuity but only within 300m of monitoring stations. For larger scale components (e.g. waterbodies) it River continuity has to be complemented by other sources of information (e.g. GIS) or by carrying out several continuous surveys. Some rivers are assessed by IEG field surveys Residence time of lakes Lake volume, inflow/outflow Not assessed by UHMC /SWRA, but might be calculated, using flow map Page 25 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report and meteorological data River depth and width variations, Assessed by UHMC /SWRA Lake depth (water level) variations Assessed by UHMC Structure and substrate of river beds Some rivers assessed by FGSU field Morphological conditions surveys Structure and substrate of lake beds Not assessed by UHMC /SWRA Partly assessed by UHMC /SWRA Structure of river riparian zones Some rivers assessed by FGSU field and lake shores surveys

A number of hydromorphological investigations on the Pripyat River and the rivers of Zakarpatye have been carried out by the Faculty of Geography of the Ukraine State University (FGSU), led by Professor A. Obodovskiy. As a result, a Ukrainian river typology and classification system has been developed in accordance with the WFD.

The State Hydrographic Service of Ukraine is responsible for producing river navigational charts, at different scales, for the analysis and selection of data for navigational and hydrographic purposes. Depending on the chart scale and purpose, it may provide a detailed representation of the coastline, river bed features, bed grounds etc.

Historical information is available from 30ties years of the XXth century and contains flow quality and quantity data, river cross-sections and longitudinal profiles of river bed and banks for all reaches of the observation stations of UHMC.

2.6.2. Conclusions  The monitoring network is quite well developed, especially in the Dnieper River Basin.  The question of the sufficiency of the existing hydrological network for WFD implementation purposes is to be answered when the task for water body delineation is completed.  The experience gained by the student team of the Ukraine State University, working under the guidance of Professor Obodovskiy, should be used in project training activities.  No analysis of morphological data has been carried out. This should be taken into consideration in data acquisition.

3. SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS In reviewing existing monitoring in beneficiary countries, the number of observation station within a country, the hydrological and morphological parameters measured and the amount of historical data available were assessed. In addition, measurement equipment, data computational methods and data processing tools were evaluated. Also, a review of the monitoring network in pilot-basin territories was done for three Caucasus countries; the pilot-basins of the western countries were not selected by the time this report was written, and will be done in future “River Basins Analyses”.

Page 26 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report The monitoring networks in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine were built in the Soviet era, and there have been no particular changes in methodology in the last two decades. However, the number of monitoring stations has been significantly reduced (in Georgia critically) and measurement equipment has become out of date (with the worst situation in Armenia). More so, Azerbaijan has been using non-calibrated current meters since 1997.

In addition, due to lack of financial resources some monitoring and investigation programmes have been cancelled, as follows: 1. field instrumental surveys (remain only in Belarus), 2. sediment runoff measurements (exist on some stations in western countries), 3. morphological parameters measurements on lakes and reservoirs, 4. short-term and long-term analysis of hydromorphological parameters.

Obviously, the full-scale hydromorphological monitoring, compliant with WFD requirements, do not exist in any beneficiary country.  The Hydrological regime is assessed in terms of quantity and dynamics of flow; but the surface-groundwater interaction is not studied at all.  River continuity is assessed only within 300m of monitoring stations, except for special investigations on a few rivers in the western countries.  Morphological conditions are identified for the river stretches of monitoring stations. The observation network and monitoring programmes on lakes are quite poor.  For larger scale components (e.g. waterbodies) the Hydromorphological quality elements (QEs) assessment have to be complemented by other sources of information (e.g. GIS, topographical and water flow maps, river navigational charts) or by carrying out several continuous surveys.

At the same time, various investigations and research have been carried out in accordance with the WFD. Ukraine, Moldova and Belarus have experience in the assessment of hydromorphological pressures, water body delineation and classification in different projects (“Transboundary River Basin Management, Phase 2 for the Pripyat River”, “Dnepr River Basin Environmental Rehabilitation Program”, “Ecological status of water courses of the upper Tisa Basin (Ukranian-Romanian section)” "СОMPACT" ISRA). As part of the EU project “Transboundary River Management for the Kura River basin - Phase III”, international and local experts started to measure hydromorphological parameters in rivers and lakes of the Kura River basin.

The implementation of the WFD in pilot river basins provides for establishing programmes of restoration and mitigation measures for achieving environmental objectives, with specific emphasis on the appropriate selection of quality elements and the design of monitoring programmes.

Page 27 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report To support pilot river basin planning activities, the EPIRB project could assist the beneficiary countries in the following ways:  Identification of existing institutions/services responsible for monitoring/observing all three Hydromorphological QEs: (i) the hydrological regime (HR), (ii) river continuity (RC) and river/lake morphological conditions (MC);  Data collection and analyses concerning all existing Hydromorphological QEs (historical and present);  Analysis of hydro-morphological pressures;  Carrying out a needs assessment regarding existing capacities, equipment and financial issues;  Providing the hydromorphology parameter measurements in ungauged surface water bodies, and collecting information about river bank and lake shore structures and riparian zone substrates in the course of joint field surveys (in all countries). For these purposes, at least 2 ADCPs (one for the Caucuses and one for western countries) should be obtained;  Creation of the Hydromorphological QE assessment methodology with respect to EU Guidance Standard EN 4614:2004 for the ecological classification of the water bodies;  Introduction of a modern data processing tool that allows all kinds of hydromorphological data with respect to WFD to be analysed;  Invitation of specialists from the Ukraine and Belarus into the EPIRB project as local experts, taking into consideration their experience in the field of classification of surface water bodies and in the determination of hydromorphological pressures.

Page 28 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium “Environmental Protection of International River Basins” Service Contract No. ENPI/2011/279-666 Inception Report 4. REFERENCES

1. Арнаут H., Факторы формирования русел малых рек, их типизация и морфометрические зависимости (на примере малых рек Молдовы). Одесса, 1995 2. Chitanava R., Current status on environmental hydrometeorology monitoring and data processing in Georgia. ppt presentation. Tbilisi, 2011 3. Ecological status of water courses of the upper Tisa Basin (Ukranian-Romanian section), Ukrainian-Romania Neiborghood Program, edit. S.Afanasyev. Uzzhhorod, 2010 4. European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument – Shared Environmental Information System Country Report of Armenia, September, 2011, Yerevan, Armenia. 5. European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument – Shared Environmental Information System Country Report of Azerbaijan, November-December, 2011, Baku, Azerbaijan. 6. European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument – Shared Environmental Information System Country Report of Belarus, August, 2012, Minsk, Belarus. 7. European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument – Shared Environmental Information System Country Report of Gergia, October-December, 2011, Tbilisi, Georgia. 8. European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument – Shared Environmental Information System Country Report of Moldova, January, 2012, Chisinau, Moldova. 9. European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument – Shared Environmental Information System Country Report of Ukraine, March, 2012, Kyiv, Ukraine. 10. Guidance document n.o 7 Monitoring under the Water Framework Directive. European Communities, 2003 11. How to review monitoring networks, DHV Consultants BV & DELFT HYDRAULICS, New Delhi, 2002 12. Kampa E. and Kranz N., WFD and Hydromorphology. Workshop summary report. Prague, 2005 13. Корнеев. В., Возможности внедрения гидроморфологических показателей в процедуру оценки качества поверхностных вод, ppt presentation. Гродно, 2012. 14. Second Assessment of transboundary rivers, lakes and groundwaters. Executive Summary. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2011 15. Second National Communication on Climate Change. "Lusabats" Publishing House. Yerevan, 2010 16. Short-term Priorities and Long-term vision for Water Resources Monitoring in Armenia and results of Ongoing Support to ASH and EIMC on databases and data exchange tools. USAID Program for Institutional and Regulatory Strengthening of Water Management in Armenia, Report, Yerevan, 2005 17. Trans-Boundary River Management Phase II for the Kura River – Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaidjan. Completion (Final) Report. Prepared by: EPTISA Servicios de Ingenieria S.L. (Spain) & Grontmij Carl Bro A.S. (Denmark) Consortium. November, 2011. 18. Water resources management in the Republic of Armenia. Achivments and next steps. Ministry of nature protection of the republic of Armenia, Water resources management agency. Yerevan, 2011 19. Днiпровське Басейнове Управлiння Воднiх Ресурсiв. ppt presentation 20. Закон України “Про затвердження Загальнодержавної цільової програми розвитку водного господарства та екологічного оздоровлення басейну річки Дніпро на період до 2021 року”. Kiev, 2012 21. Ярошевич А., Практическое использование гидроморфологических показателей при определении экологического статуса поверхностных вод, ppt presentation. Гродно, 2012.

Page 29 of 29 Annex 8: Report on Activity 1.1. Human Dynamics KG Consortium