 Tenth International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources

Toulouse, France 18 – 22 July 2004

Editor:

Georges Zissis

ISBN: 978-1-5108-4082-9

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Contents

Preface v LS:10 Committees vi Organizers and Sponsors vii Edward G. Zubler ix

Invited Papers I001 LEDs a challenge for M. G. Craford 3 I002 Low-pressure -free light sources: theoretical and experimental perspectives D. Uhrlandt, R. Bussiahn, S. Gortchakov, H. Lange and D. Loffhagen 15 I003 Some aspects of the interface between fluorescent lamps and electronic gears M. Myojo and O. Fukumasa 25 I004 Acoustic resonance in HID lamps S. Bhosle, M. Aubès and M. Cristea 35 I005 High performance optical spectroscopy: applications and opportunities in lamp diagnostics R. Devonshire 41 I006 Ceramic metal halide lamps; a world of lighting T. G. M. M. Kappen 43 I007 New concepts for roadway lighting B. Preston 53 I008 Stabilized short arc metal halide lamps D. E. Brabham 55 I009 Colour stabilisation in quartz metal halide lamps R. Geens, L. Derhaeg, M. Van den Broeck and G. Vandepoel 65 I010 Molecular discharges as light sources R. Hilbig, A. Koerber, J. Baier and R. Scholl 75 I011 Light sources excited by microwave high intensity discharges J. J. Kim 85 I012 Getters for lighting applications C. Boffito and A. Corazza 95 xii

I013 Radiation resistance of quartz glass for VUV discharge lamps A. Schreiber, B. Kühn, E. Arnold, F.-J. Schilling and H.-D. Witzke 105 I014 Improved arc tubes for ceramic metal halide lamps S. Jüngst, D. Lang and M. Galvez 115 I015 Carbon nanotube field-emitter for displays and light-sources S. Uemura, J. Yotani, T. Nagasako, H. Kurachi, H. Yamada, T. Ezaki, T. Maesoba, T. Nakao, M. Ito, Y. Saito, Y. Ando, X. Zhao and M. Yumura 125 I016 OLEDs: a new technology for lighting and displays P. Destruel, J. Farenc, P. Jolinat, I. Séguy, S. Archambeau, M. Mabiala and G. Ablart 135

Landmark Papers L001 Mercury-less xenon pulsed discharge fluorescent lamps using multi pairs of electrodes M. Jinno, K. Toryu, T. Murakami, H. Motomura, K. Loo and M. Aono 145 L002 Improvement of cold start A. Hilscher, R. Garner and G. Lieder 147 L003 Different modes of arc attachment to HID lamp electrodes in the cathodic phase of AC operation O. Langenscheidt, L. Dabringhausen, M. Redwitz, J. Mentel and P. Awakowicz 149 L004 Time-dependent simulation of plasma and electrodes in mercury-free high-intensity discharge lamps H. Strobel and M. Neiger 151 L005 Scaling of low aspect-ratio HID lamps T. Dreeben 153 L006 Multiple species spatial distributions in operating halogen lamps; an experimental and modelling study R. Bruckshaw, R. Jeans, J. C. Camacho Arriaga, A. Keer-Rendon, G. Wilson and R. Devonshire 155 L007 High ceramic metal halide lamps R. Ramaiah 157 L008 New forming method of seamless discharge vessel for ceramic metal halide lamp S. Miyazawa, F. Takeya, S. Hirose and K. Watanabe 159 L009 Spectroscopic technique for cathode fall diagnostics in fluorescent lamps R. Nachtrieb, F. Khan and J. F. Waymouth 161 L010 Lamp life of T5 fluorescent lamps in dimming use E. Tetri 163 xiii

L011 Elaboration of particles with spherical shape and micronic size N. Joffin, J. Dexpert-Ghys, A. Garcia, M. Verelst, S. Schamm, B. Caillier and G. Baret 165 L012 Rare earth for white LEDs W. Zhuang, X. Huang, S. Zhang, Y. Fang, Y. Hu and H. He 167 L013 Transparent ceramic lamp envelope materials G. C. Wei 169 L014 Controlled electrodes in UHP lamps H. Moench, C. Deppe, U. Hechtfischer, G. Heusler and P. Pekarski 171 L015 High power (100 – 200 W) -free electrodeless fluorescent lamp O. A. Popov, R. Chandler and J. Maya 173 L016 Improved emission intensity of rare gas flow excimer lamps S. Matsuzawa, T. Sumitomo, M. Yoshioka, N. Hishinuma, H. Matsuno and T. Hiramoto 175 L017 Modified thermal emission from tungsten photonic crystals J. G. Fleming and S.-Y. Lin 177 L018 Mercury-free automotive discharge lamps M. Born, M. Strösser, H. Giese, U. Niemann, W. Peitz, M. Baeva, S. Meier, D. Reiter, H. Schubert, M. Weiss, T. Bauer, M. Neiger, H. Strobel, K. Hilpert, A. Löhken and T. Markus 179 L019 The high power LED unit for lighting H. Kimura, M. Sugimoto, S. Ishizaki and E. Shiohama 181 L020 Organic light emitting diodes (OLED) for lighting applications – recent advances and perspectives of commercialisation F. Voges, K. Bonrad, T. K. Däubler, T. Frank, J. Pommerehne, C. Ottermann and R. Sprengard 183

Posters P001 Experimental study on capacitive discharge excimer lamps application E. A. Sosnin and V. F. Tarasenko 187 P002 Narrow-band incoherent sources of intense UV and VUV radiation V. F. Tarasenko 189 P003 Spontaneous coherence and its conductivity in three unconventional modifications of hollow cathode discharge D. Zhechev and E. Dimova 191 P004 Modelling of the dynamic Stark effect and calculation of the transition probabilities for Ar atom E. V. Koryukina 193 xiv

P005 Calculation of the dynamic Stark effect and transition probabilities for Ne atom E. V. Koryukina 195 P006 A nonlocal Boltzmann/radiation transport model for low pressure Hg-Ar discharges G. M. Petrov and J. L. Giuliani 197 P007 Continuum radiation in high-pressure mercury lamps A. Koerber, U. Weichmann and J. E. Lawler 199 P008 Radial distributions of densities of charged particles, strength and potential in a positive column of the Hg-Ar discharge M. A. Malkov and V. A. Terekhin 201 P009 Calculation of a nearwall sheath of space charge in Hg-Ar low-pressure discharge M. A. Malkov and V. A. Terekhin 203 P010 Calculation of drift velocity of ions of mercury in a nonuniform electric field in a Hg-Ar low pressure discharge M. A. Malkov and V. A. Terekhin 205 P011 Resolution of Navier-Stokes equations in an acoustic resonance condition of a high-pressure mercury lamp Z. Araoud, S. Kaziz, M. Ben Haj Rhouma, K. Charrada, G. Zissis and M. Sassi 207 P012 Surface analysis of fluorescent lamp electrodes in high- cold igniting applications L. Waumans, Y. Dietzenbacher, P. Stobbelaar and C. van der Marel 209 P013 Studies of barium density in cathode region of fluorescent lamp by emission spectroscopy S. Zhu and S. Zhang 211 P014 Spectroscopic investigations on high pressure discharge lamps M. Baeva, M. Born, P. Börner, S. Meier, D. Reiter, M. Strösser, H. Schubert, M. Weiss and S. Wiesen 213 P015 LEDs in automotive applications K. Eichhorn and B. Wördenweber 215 P016 The role of the old Tl+-like ion sensitizer for a new, efficient, green VUV phosphor S. Tanimizu and M. Yasuda 217 P017 Hg free ceramic automotive headlight lamps K. Guenther, T. Hartmann and H. Sarroukh 219 P018 Numerical and experimental investigation of high-frequency electrodeless lamp in argon-mercury mixture N. Denisova, A. Skudra, G. Revalde and G. Zissis 221 P019 The characteristics of the sealed parts in super high pressure mercury discharge lamps under internal pressure M. Kase, T. Sawa and Y. Iwama 223 xv

P020 Thermal desorption analysis of Ba and Sr amalgams C. J. M. Denissen and C. R. Ronda 225 P021 High temperature getter for compact HID lamps B. J. de Maagt and A. Corazza 227 P022 Dynamic road marking module using chip-on-board phosphor-converted white LEDs with application-specific primary optics E. Lenderink and A. H. M. Raaijmakers 229 P023 De-excitation of 3He (21S) and 3He (21P) excited states with different atoms and molecules E. Dimova and G. Petrov and K. Blagoev 231 P024 Electron energy distribution function in rare gas micro hollow cathode discharges G. M. Petrov, E. Dimova and D. Zhechev 233 P025 Cathode heating rate and life prediction in fluorescent lamps D. O. Wharmby 235 P026 Optical and electrical characterization of breakdown processes in straight compact fluorescent lamps M. F. Gendre, M. D. Bowden, H. C. M. van den Nieuwenhuizen, M. Haverlag, J. W. A. M. Gielen and G. M. W. Kroesen 237 P027 Group IV-VI compounds as molecular radiators in HID plasmas J. Baier, A. Koerber, R. Scholl and R. Hilbig 239 P028 Spectral properties of high-pressure lamps with plasmas ionized to a high degree T. Hiramoto 241 P029 Near infrared radiation characteristics of Sc-Na metal halide lamps T. Ishigami 243 P030 3-D HID lamp model including radiative transfer H. Giese 245 P031 Effects and mechanism of loss in quartz metal halide lamps W. van Erk, J. Tu and J. Suijker 247 P032 Thomson scattering measurements on high pressure Hg lamps X. Zhu, N. de Vries and J. J. A. M. van der Mullen 249 P033 X-ray absorption measurements to determine the gas temperature in HID lamps X.-Y. Zhu, A. V. Bronnikov, J. J. A. M. van der Mullen and M. Haverlag 251 P034 The driving characteristic of induction coil and electromagnetic dissipation on inductively coupled RF plasma K. S. Kim, Y. S. Choi and D. H. Park 253 P035 Electrical characteristics of inductively coupled plasma using single Langmuir probe Y. S. Choi, Y. H. Lee, C. S. Park, M. K. Hwang and D. H. Park 255 xvi

P036 Electromagnetic simulation of electrodeless fluorescent lamps and its electrical and optical characteristics Y. S. Choi, J. U. Jo, Y. K. Kim, C. S. Park, M. K. Hwang and D. H. Park 257 P037 Electrical conductivity model for HID lamps J. C. Alvarez, C. Blanco, J. Viera, N. Bordel, A. Martín and G. Zissis 259 P038 Photoluminescent materials for VUV excitation based on Eu2+ doped alkaline earth aluminates D. Nötzold, L. Kantz, S. Jilg and L. Schwarz 261 P039 Emission and kinetics of a moly-oxide-argon discharge bulb J. L. Giuliani and G. M. Petrov 263 P040 Influence of power level on a new type of high pressure discharge lamp R. Ruscassié and C. Glaize 265 P041 Structural investigation of the caesium-lanthanide(III) iodide melts using Raman spectroscopy A. Chrissanthopoulos, G. D. Zissi and G. N. Papatheodorou 267

P042 UV/Vis spectroscopic investigation of the vapor species above HoI3 and CsI·HoI4 A. Chrissanthopoulos, G. D. Zissi and G. N. Papatheodorou 269 P043 Numerical model for barrier discharge Y. Watanabe, H. Kurimoto and N. Takizawa 271 P044 Selective spectral lines excitation trough power supply in metal-halide lamps M. Cristea, B. Lafitte and G. Zissis 273

P045 In situ measurement of ferrite temperature and BSat in induction-coupled electrodeless fluorescent lamps V. D. Roberts 275 P046 Temperature variation in a HgTlI discharge lamp L. Troudi, R. Ben Ahmed, Z. Araoud, K. Charrada and G. Zissis 277 P047 Study on temperature distribution around bulb envelope and cavity of high power PLS J. Y. Lee, Y. S. Jeon, J. S. Choi and J. G. Ryu 279 P048 Development of capillary Z-pinch discharge light source for EUV lithography I. H. Song, M. Okamoto, K. Kitade, M. Masnavi, Y. Hayashi, M. Watanabe, A. Okino, K. Yasuoka, K. Horioka and E. Hotta 281 P049 Time resolved characteristics of high frequency Ar-Hg plasmas B. M. Alexandrovich, V. A. Godyak and G. G. Lister 283 P050 Improved method for making capacitive measurements of cathode fall in fluorescent lamps R. Nachtrieb, F. Khan and J. F. Waymouth 285 P051 Net emission coefficient in plasma existing in high pressure metal halide lamps J. B. Rouffet and G. Zissis 287 xvii

P052 High-frequency electrodeless lamps for application in atomic absorption analysis Z. Gavare, G. Revalde, A. Skudra, A. Ganeev and S. Sholupov 289 P053 The investigation on the starting process inside a small wattage metal halide lamps and its influence on extra high frequency ballast circuit design W. Yan and S. Y. R. Hui 291 P054 Dynamic sensing of white HPS lamps R. Keijser, B. Simpelaar and D. Couwenberg 293 P055 2D-model for HID lamps using PLASIMO M. L. Beks, B. Hartgers, J. J. A. M. van der Mullen, M. Haverlag and D. A. Benoy 295 P056 Photoacoustic emissions from pulse operated high-pressure discharge lamps W. Kaiser, A. F. Correa and R. P. Marques 297 P057 Evaluation of tungsten cluster radiation dependent on metal halides A. Sato, H. Kubo, S. Sekine and M. Ohkawa 299 P058 UHP lamps with dichroic coating A. Ritz and H. Moench 301 P059 Heat-transfer network analyses of self-ballasted compact fluorescent lamps T. Yasuda, M. Toda and M. Kando 303 P060 Microwave lighting system using a microwave cut-off cavity H. Noguchi, A. Inouye, N. Horii and K. Maegawa 305 P061 Optimization of the light intensity distribution by street lighting luminaires C. Castellana, J-J. Embrechts and F. Duthoit 307 P062 Spectroscopic studies of the sulfur lamps space L. Qi and C. Dahua 309 P063 Particle density distribution in metal halide lamps with low convection rate J. J. F. Geijtenbeek 311 P064 Backdiffusion of electrons in nitrogen M. Radmiloviü-Radjenoviü, Z. Lj. Petroviü and A. Stojkoviü 313 P065 Diagnostics of the spectral properties of HF electrodeless mercury and rare gas lamps for different applications I. Bersons, Z. Gavare, G. Revalde, A. Skudra and N. Denisova 315 P066 High-power solid-state lighting facility for greenhouse vegetable cultivation G. Tamulaitis, P. Duchovskis, Z. Bliznikas, K. Breivơ, R. Ulinskaitơ, A. Brazaitytơ, A. Novièkovas and A. Žukauskas 317 P067 Modelling low pressure mercury free lamps: influence of the discharge parameters on the pure neon discharge radiation T. Bezanahary and G. Zissis 319 3 P068 Deexcitation of Ne( P1) in collisions with O2, CO2 and CH4 D. B. Khadka, N. Kouchi and Y. Hatano 321 xviii

P069 Electromagnetic induction lamp(electrodeless lamp) with the dimming technology W. Li 323 P070 Electrode construction of the HPS lamp and its life performances N. Saito 325 P071 Light source with short wavelength III-V LEDs Y. Suehiro, T. Uemura, T. Yasukawa and S. Shimonishi 327 P072 Spectroscopic data for Hg I and Hg II from beam-foil spectroscopy R. Hutton, S. Huldt, G. M. Wahlgren, R. Irvine, M. Brown and L. J. Curtis 329 P073 Hg-free ceramic metal halide lamp systems with enhanced red rendering and good dimming characteristics K. Stockwald 331 P074 Bench-top x-ray absorption imaging of Hg in ceramic metal-halide lamps B. Lafitte and J. J. Curry 333 P075 Engineering limits for inductively coupled fluorescent electrodeless lamps E. Statnic 335 P076 Computer simulation and measurement on the operating pressure of tungsten halogen lamps L. Makai, G. Hárs, G. Varga, G. Fülöp and P. Deák 337 P077 Measurements of electric fields in PDP-like discharge T. Jiang, M. D. Bowden, E. Wagenaars and G. M. W. Kroesen 339 P078 Sol-gel based YAG:Tb3+, Ce3+, Eu3+ phosphors for application in lighting sources A. Potdevin, G. Chadeyron-Bertrand, D. Boyer and R. Mahiou 341 P079 Content profile and yield characteristics of STHGS/SC, a Hg dispenser for the production of fluorescent lamps P. Gallina and G. Santella 343 P080 Spectral change of medium pressure mercury arc lamps with age M. Sasges and G. Fang 345 P081 Time-resolved column densities of excited metal atoms in metal-halide arc lamps using high-resolution absorption spectroscopy E. Drakakis and D. Karabourniotis 347 P082 The dielectric barrier microhollow cathode structure and its upper pD limitation in alternative current driving for flat panel light source T. I. Lee, K. W. Park, H. G. Baik and M. G. Whang 349 P083 Temporal stability and reproducibility of radiometric properties of high power light emitting diode (LED) arrays and halogen light polymerization of oral biomaterial M. M. Pérez, F. Pérez-Ocón, A. Yebra, C. Lucena-Martín and R. Pulgar 351 P084 Magic light source based on 3-D stratified glow discharge V. A. Maltsev, O. A. Nerushev, S. A. Novopashin, V. V. Radchenko and A. A. Sandanov 353 xix

P085 The cascaded arc – a novel bright light source for sensitive broadband absorption spectroscopy R. A. B. Zijlmans, J. H. van Helden, D. C. Schram and R. Engeln 355 P086 Study of the influence of the current waveform and of the power supply frequency on the ultra violet radiation of a low pressure mercury discharge B. Mrabet, H. Elloumi, A. Chammam, M. Stambouli and J. J. Damelincourt 357 P087 The influence of the spectrum of helium gas discharge lamps on the shape of magnetic resonance lines in helium V. A. Kartoshkin 359 P088 Modelling of D2 automotive HID lamps including plasma and electrodes P. Flesch and M. Neiger 361 P089 Investigating the impact of external heating of electrodes in HID lamps P. Flesch and M. Neiger 363 P090 Inorganic electroluminescent light sources with an organic protecting layer K. Kolentsov, L. Yourukova, E. Radeva, D. Zhechev and E. Dimova 365 P091 Electron beam pumped light sources A. Ulrich, A. Morozov, R. Krücken, A. Görtler, J. Wieser, G. Kornfeld, A. Peters, R. Steinhübl, F. Mühlberger and R. Zimmermann 367 P092 E to H-mode transition in cylindrical tube ICP discharge for light sources A. Nazri, S. Inui, H. Motomura, M. Jinno and M. Aono 369 P093 Influence of buffer gases on the radiation properties of HID-lamps H. Schoepp, St. Franke, R. Methling, H. Schneidenbach and H. Hess 371 P094 Comparison of three different methods for the obtention of the electron density radial distribution in a discharge with axial symmetry R. Álvarez, M. C. Quintero and A. Rodero 373 P095 Controlling the colour temperature of a LED-luminaire O. Moisio, P. Pinho, E. Tetri and L. Halonen 375 P096 Dimming of ceramic metal halide lamps H. Zhu, S. Lambrechts and J. Maya 377

P097 Metal halide lamps containing electrodes doped with La2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2 and CeO2 C. V. Varanasi and T. R. Brumleve 379 P098 Time modulation of electron and atom density in high-pressure Na-Cd and Na-Hg AC-driven discharges D. Veza, T. Bizjak and Z. Miokovic 381 P099 Modelling of radiative transfer in mercury-argon HID DC lamp A. Erraki, A. Gleizes, F. Dawson, J. J. Gonzalez, K. C. Paul, T. Takemura, T. Hiramoto, G. Zissis and D. Lavers 383 xx

P100 Field strength and electrode sheath voltage of a high-pressure arc discharge in neon H. Schoepp, O. Langenscheidt, H. Schneidenbach, St. Franke and H. Hess 385 P101 Measurements of deuterium lamp noise and implications for UV instrumentation J. Britton, S. Hoath, N. Lang, H. Lange and A. Page 387 P102 Formation of molybdenum bromide nanowire deposits in halogen lamps M. van Rijswick, R. Jeans, E. Bakkers and R. Devonshire 389 P103 Novel, compact excited ultraviolet curing lamp system J. Barry, M. Cekic, P. Lezcano, V. Mohyla, B. Turner and C. Wood 391 P104 Computer simulated He I Stark broadened line profiles for plasma diagnostics M. A. Gigosos and M. Á. González 393 P105 On the characteristics of the resonance radiation of pulsed low-pressure discharges in He-Xe mixtures R. Bussiahn, S. Gortchakov, H. Lange, D. Loffhagen and D. Uhrlandt 395 P106 A new technique for controlling the cold spot temperature of low frequency driven electrodeless compact fluorescent lamps K. Hashimotodani, A. Hochi, T. Arakawa, M. Kawasaki, K. Seki and K. Katase 397 P107 Stability of the quadrichromatic solid-state lamp F. Ivanauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, A. Žukauskas, R. Gaska and M. S. Shur 399 P108 High pressure mercury lamps with improved life time for rear projection TV sets M. Horiuchi, M. Kai, T. Seki and T. Ichibakase 401 P109 Investigation of electron emission properties of tungsten cathodes I. Beck, K. J. Vargáné, J. Sneider, Z. Tóth and P. Deák 403 P110 Iodine high-pressure discharges M. Käning, B. Schalk, G. Hartel and L. Hitzschke 405 P111 Adaptation of a nuclear fusion radiation transport Monte Carlo code for HID lamp modelling P. Börner, D. Reiter, M. Born, H. Giese, S. Wiesen and M. Baeva 407 P112 Characteristics of ultra-high pressure Hg lamp for video projection K. Sugahara, I. Iwai, S. Hashiguchi, M. Kubo and K. Tachibana 409 P113 Luminous flux measurements at the BNM-INM / CNAM J. Bastie 411 P114 Buffer gas pressure effects on metal halide lamp performance A. Naruka, A. Lamouri and J. Sulcs 413 P115 Performance comparison of metal halide lamps with pure tungsten electrodes on electronic versus magnetic ballasts A. Lamouri, A. Naruka and J. Sulcs 415 P116 Low frequency electrodeless O. A. Popov, R. T. Chandler and J. Maya 417 xxi

P117 Surface discharge based large-area submicrosecond source of intense VUV and UV radiation V. Tcheremiskine, M. Sentis, O. Uteza and L. Mikheev 419 P118 in silica glass induced by 350ps, 30ps and 100fs pulse laser S. Nasu, S. Nishikawa, T. Inayoshi, K. Deki, F. Matsuoka and T. Arisawa 421 P119 Multi-filament simulation in Xe dielectric barrier discharge excimer lamp using two dimensional fluid model H. Akashi, A. Oda and Y. Sakai 423 P120 A study of radial cataphoresis and ion densities in high power density Hg-Ar discharges Y. Aiura and J. E. Lawler 425 P121 Electrical behavior of a filamentary xenon dielectric barrier discharge N. Merbahi, N. Sewraj, F. Marchal and G. Ledru 427 P122 Comparison of 1D anode calculations and measurements in model lamp A. Lenef, L. Dabringhausen and M. Redwitz 429 P123 High-intensity light sources using high-pressure molecular radiators discharged by circularly polarized microwaves J. J. Kim, J. T. Ko and D. H. Won 431 P124 Electron transport phenomena in mercury S. Suzuki, K. Kuzuma and H. Itoh 433 P125 Errors in the measurement of ultraviolet-lamp output J. Robinson and M. Sasges 435 P126 Infrared analyses of impurities adsorbed on coating materials in manufacturing process of fluorescent lamps K. Nishimura 437 P127 Method for measuring ripple generated by an HID ballast W. P. Moskowitz and J. Olsen 439 P128 Effect of induction coil factor on efficacy of ~100kHz electrodeless fluorescent lamps H. Kakehashi, K. Hiramatsu, S. Hizuma, O. Popov, R. Chandler and J. Maya 441 P129 The characteristics of electrode-less lamp’s plasma T. Uetsuki and S. Nimata 443 P130 Use of dopant-free tungsten electrodes in metal halide lamps C. V. Varanasi, T. R. Brumleve, A. Lamouri and A. Naruka 445 P131 Beneficial effects of using getters during cold cathode lamp production A. Corazza and V. Massaro 447 P132 Resonance broadening of Hg lines as a density diagnostic in high intensity discharge lamps J. E. Lawler 449 xxii

P133 Improvement of the extraction efficiency of organic light emitting diodes Y. Jinde, S. Tanaka, Y. Kawakami, M. Horii, N. Sone and Y. Naito 451 P134 Science and technology of processing quartz-based high pressure discharge lamps A. V. Hariharan and J. Ravi 453 P135 Radial profiles of the Hg excited states densities in a narrow electrodeless mercury–argon discharge S. Starostin, E. Kindel and M. Stieber 455 P136 Behaviour of mercury in ZnHg pellets dosed in fluorescent lamps H. Yagi and T. Atagi 457 P137 3-dimensional LTE modelling of HID lamps with electrode-plasma interaction M. Galvez 459 P138 Thermochemical investigations of the system NaI-TlI-InI and its relevance for high pressure metal halide lamps M. Ohnesorge, U. Niemann, T. Markus and K. Hilpert 461 P139 Improved color stability in highly loaded metal halide lamps W. P. Lapatovich and S. L. Callahan 463 P140 New ballast concepts for dielectric barrier discharge systems R. Lecheler, O. Schallmoser and W. Sowa 465 P141 Effects of convection and magnetic fields in horizontal burning HID lamps Y.-M. Li 467 P142 A novel way of high frequency operation of small wattage HID lamps K. Mita 469 P143 Investigation of electric fields in organic light-emitting devices using electroabsorption spectroscopy M. Mabiala, P. Jolinat, I. Séguy, S. Archambeau, P. Destruel and G. Ablart 471 P144 Arc discharge model as a two terminal electronic device J. L. Tapia, J. Pacheco, M. Pacheco, G. Zissis and J. J. Gonzalez 473 P145 Mercury-free InI-Xe short-arc lamps M. Muto and S. Omori 475 P146 Inhibited breakdown in mercury-free HID lamps A. Bowman Budinger and W. P. Lapatovich 477 P147 Physical basic properties of a high pressure Na lamp at several voltages and A. Martín, N. Bordel, J. C. Alvarez, C. Blanco, J. Viera and G. Zissis 479 P148 Mass spectrometric determination of formation enthalpies of gaseous negative – – ions LnCl4 and Ln2Cl7 L. S. Kudin, D. E. Vorob’ev and V. B. Motalov 481 xxiii

P149 Electron cross sections for rare gases used for discharge light sources modelling M. C. Bordage and J. Perrin 483 P150 Pulsed excitation of mercury free luminous signs E. Robert, C. Cachoncinlle, R. Viladrosa, M. Dudemaine and J. M. Pouvesle 485 P151 A study on optic characteristics of LEDs lamp M. K. Hwang, C. H. Lee, C. S. Huh and C. S. Park 487 P152 A computational model for simulating volume-emitters in arc lamps M. Gyukics, P. Maák, L. Jakab, P. Richter, T. Torma and Á. Böröczki 489 P153 Numerical modelling of a DC current HID lamp for design purposes K. C. Paul, A. Erraki, T. Takemura, T. Hiramoto, F. Dawson, J. B. Rouffet, J. J. Gonzalez, A. Gleizes and D. Lavers 491 P154 HiPerVision reflex lamp: a new member of the HiPerVision family J. F. Lavaud, J. Pelsma and L. Haenen 493 P155 Experimental investigation of hollow cathodes in He-Xe low pressure discharges W. Lehmann and U. Wichmann 495 P156 Radiation transport and spatial profiles of excited atom densities in a low-pressure xenon column plasma for lighting purpose D. Uhrlandt, S. Gortchakov, H. Lange and Yu. B. Golubovskii 497 P157 Thermodynamic modelling of fluorescent lamp electrodes D. Buso and J. J. Damelincourt 499 P158 Salt-frit reactions in ceramic metal halide lamps N. Brates, D. Goodman, J. Maya, Y. Nishiura and N. Takeuchi 501 P159 Oxidation protection of Mo sealing foils using fused silica coatings T. Emilsson, C. V. Varanasi and T. R. Brumleve 503 P160 3-dimensional radiation transport for LTE plasmas M. Galvez 505 P161 Spectroscopic study of a low-pressure argon QL-lamp produced by 2.45 GHz microwave power M. J. Fernández, O. Carabaño, M. J. van de Sande, J. Jonkers, J. J. A. M. van der Mullen, A. Sola and A. Gamero 507 P162 Novel Hg-free, flat and large excimer lamps operated by an adaptive pulse gear K. E. Trampert, H. P. Daub, M. Neiger and W. Heering 509 P163 The simplest way to reconstruct plasma emission using two-views tomography: needed properties and limitations X. Franceries, P. Freton, M. Masquere, F. Lago and J.-J. Gonzalez 511 P164 The application of mesopic vision models to street lighting G. I. Crabb and M. H. Burtwell 513 xxiv

P165 Reflectance measurements on three pavement surfaces using CMH and HPS lamps G. I. Crabb, M. H. Burtwell and R. J. Beaumont 515

P166 UV light emission from electron beam excited Ar-H2O gas mixtures A. Morozov, J. Wieser, R. Krücken and A. Ulrich 517 P167 A model study of breakdown in fluorescent lamps W. J. M. Brok, M. D. Bowden, J. van Dijk, J. J. A. M. van der Mullen and G. M. W. Kroesen 519 P168 Processing opaque fluids using water-coupled excimer light sources J. J. Coogan 521 P169 Deviations from equilibrium of thallium level populations in a metal halide D. Karabourniotis, J. J. Curry, E. Drakakis and E. Benck 523 P170 Lighting and environmental purifying L. Zhi-Guo, G. Zissis, L. Xiao-Wei and L. Hong-Li 525 P171 Emission characteristics of a plasma display panel cell J.-C. Jung, D. C. Jeong and K.-W. Whang 527 P172 Work function measurement of an electrode in a low pressure Hg discharge by photoelectric method S. Gotoh, T. Kasuya and M. Wada 529 P173 The temperature character of CFLs with amalgam L. Zhi-Guo, H. Bao-Zhong, L. Di-Lai and H. Ito 531 P174 An evaluation of mercury-free HID for automobile - from the headlight performance point of view S. Kojima and T. Sekiguchi 533 P175 Planar UV excimer lamp excited by surface barrier discharge N. N. Guivan, J. Janca, A. Brablec, P. St’ahel, P. Slavicek and L. L. Shimon 535 P176 Modelling interaction of metal halide plasmas with a thermionic cathode M. S. Benilov, M. D. Cunha and G. V. Naidis 537 P177 Calculations of rare gas-iodine mixtures barrier discharges parameters G. Zvereva 539 P178 Pulsed power supply for high pressure discharge lamps A. Chammam, H. Elloumi, K. Charrada, B. Mrabet, M. Stambouli and J. J. Damelincourt 541 P179 Compact electrodeless discharge lamp driven by low-power microwave M. Shido, Y. Onoda, T. Serita and M. Kando 543 P180 LEDs optical modelling and simulation for lighting application J. P. Rami, G. Lorge and P. Tarroux 545 xxv

P181 Production and shaping of high performance phosphors for lighting by using sol-gel process G. Bertrand-Chadeyron, D. Boyer, P. Boutinaud, A. C. Franville, J. M. Nedelec, D. Zambon and R. Mahiou 547 P182 Experimental characterization of phosphors under xenon excitation B. Caillier, Ph. Guillot, J. Galy, R. Mauricot, J. Dexpert-Ghys and N. Joffin 549 P183 Discrete ordinate method (DOM) in the analysis of the radiative transfer in high pressure mercury discharge M. Bouaoun, H. Elloumi and K. Charrada 551 P184 Non-monotonic radial distribution of light emission in argon positive column at medium pressures E. A. Bogdanov, A. A. Kudryavtsev, R. R. Arslanbekov and V. I. Kolobov 553 P185 Conductance model of discharge lamps, parameter verification and identification for modelling of electric circuits in light-nets A. Richter and J. Koprnicky 555 P186 Systematic observations of 150 W metal-halide arc lamps containing a progression of additive chemistries J. J. Curry and C. J. Sansonetti 557 P187 Dielectric barrier discharge generated by a piezoelectric in rare gases K. Teranishi, S. Suzuki and H. Itoh 559 P188 VUV emission from CO gas discharge A. Hatta 561 P189 Optimising the efficiency of low-pressure discharges for lighting S. Kitsinelis, R. Devonshire, D. A. Stone and R. C. Tozer 563 P190 Medium pressure mercury discharge for use as an intense white light source S. Kitsinelis, R. Devonshire, D. A. Stone and R. C. Tozer 565 P191 Colour variable lamp using inductively coupled plasma M. Jinno, R. Miki, H. Motomura and M. Aono 567 P192 Bremsstrahlung coefficients for electron-Hg atom collisions from the corrected phase shift approximation J. E. Lawler 569 P193 Enhancement of near-UV and visible emissions using pulsed low-pressure Hg-Ar discharge K. H. Loo, G. J. Moss, D. A. Stone, R. C. Tozer, M. Jinno and R. Devonshire 571 P194 Fundamental study of the positive column contraction in xenon discharge at intermediate pressures K. H. Loo, M. Jinno, H. Motomura and M. Aono 573 P195 Parametric study of the emission characteristics of pulsed xenon dielectric barrier discharge at intermediate to high pressures K. H. Loo, Y. Ikeda, M. Jinno, H. Motomura and M. Aono 575 xxvi

P196 The low-pressure mercury discharge under different modes of operation S. Kitsinelis, K. Loo, H. Motomura, M. Jinno and M. Aono 577 P197 Temporal behavior of radial distribution of xenon metastable atoms in xenon low pressure lamps H. Motomura, R. Wada, M. Jinno, K. H. Loo and M. Aono 579 P198 Emission characteristics of molecular - rare gas discharge fluorescent lamps S. Takubo, Y. Muguruma, H. Motomura, M. Jinno and M. Aono 581 P199 Radial variations in the properties of a DC Hg-Ar discharge S. Taniguchi, K. H. Loo, M. Jinno, H. Motomura, M. Aono and R. Devonshire 583 P200 Extension of ceramic metal halide technology to lower wattages J. Tambini and E. C. Guest 585 P201 Improved halogen lighting performance using a combination of high luminous flux sources and a lens material approach B. P. Terburg, P. Schottland and D. Bryce 587 P202 The – LTE modelling and experiments C. W. Johnston, B. Hartgers, H. van der Heijden, K. Garloff, G. M. Janssen, B. Broks, J. van Dijk and J. J. A. M. van der Mullen 589 P203 Dissociation of thorium oxide on the surface of free surface tungsten A. Böröczki, I. Gaál, S. Gurbán, M. Menyhárd, L. Petrás and L. Balázs 591 P204 Gas analytical and optical measurements in inductively coupled electrodeless RF discharge lamps I. Maros, G. Hárs and L. Reich 593 P205 Analysis of the first continuum of a xenon dielectric barrier discharge N. Merbahi, N. Sewraj, F. Marchal and G. Ledru 595 P206 Assessing HID lamps for use in mesopic lighting applications M. H. Girach, Z. Koltai, S. A. Mucklejohn and B. Preston 597 P207 Development of novel separation technique of phosphors used in fluorescent lamps: preliminary studies Z. Németh, A. Deák and Z. Hórvölgyi 599 P208 Residual stress anisotropy in high pressure sodium lamp seals Z. Tóth, Z. Koltai, G. Steinbach, A. Juhász and K. Váradi 601

P209 Kinetic processes in CH4-H2O mixture initiated by UV-radiation of Xe-excilamp A. Suslov 603 P210 Electrode diagnostics and modelling for ceramic metal halide lamps G. M. J. F. Luijks, S. Nijdam and H. v. Esveld 605 P211 The bio-influence of trichromatic white LEDs light source: bioresonance phenomenon S. Matei 607 xxvii

P212 Different modes of cathodic arc attachment to HID lamp electrodes: modelling and simulation S. Lichtenberg, L. Dabringhausen, J. Mentel and P. Awakowicz 609 P213 Different modes of cathodic arc attachment to HID lamp electrodes: comparison between simulation and measurements L. Dabringhausen, M. Redwitz, S. Lichtenberg, J. Mentel and P. Awakowicz 611 P214 Spectroscopic investigation of the plasma boundary layers in front of HID lamp electrodes M. Redwitz, O. Langenscheidt, L. Dabringhausen, J. Mentel and P. Awakowicz 613 P215 Contraction of gas discharge luminosity at low pressures and low currents A. V. Blagushina, Yu. B. Golubovskii and N. A. Timofeev 615 P216 Light sources for heritage monument illumination S. A. P. Joshi 617 P217 Screening test of quartz glass for 172nm excimer lamps B. Kühn, A. Schreiber, E. Arnold, H.-D. Witzke and F.-J. Schilling 619 P218 On the filling gas of CFL with higher wattage D. Fang and F. Li 621 P219 Current oscillations in lighting systems with discharge lamps J. Václavík and M. Novák 623 P220 Broadening of spectral lines in high pressure mercury-free short arc lamps M. Kettlitz, O. Krylova, M. Wendt and H. Schneidenbach 625 P221 Investigation of tungsten erosion in fluorescent lamps during cold start by laser- induced St. Hadrath, J. Ehlbeck, G. Lieder and F. Sigeneger 627

P222 Polychromatic solid-state lamp versus standard D65 illuminant: colour changes of Munsell samples V. Vilinjnas, R. Staniknjnas, A. Švơgžda, H. Vaitkeviþius, Z. Bliznikas, K. Breivơ, R. Vaicekauskas, A. Noviþkovas, G. Kurilþik, A. Žukauskas, R. Gaska and M. S. Shur 629 P223 Numerical validation of a self absorption model for optically thick plasmas D. Karabourniotis and J. van der Mullen 631 P224 Reflector design for efficient lighting and energy conservation P. Tarroux 633 P225 Modulating method in the application of optical measurement Z. Ying, Y. Yongcai and H. Ming 635 P226 Radial profiles of vibrational temperatures in deuterium lamps analysing the dissociation continuum N. Lang and H. Lange 637 P227 Raman spectroscopy of binary metal halide mixtures R. J. Jeans, R. Devonshire, R. J. Forrest, C. V. Varanasi and T. R. Brumleve 639 xxviii

P228 3-D modelling of time-dependent, low-pressure discharges using commercial CFD software A. Palov, A. Keer-Rendon, J. C. Camacho Arriaga and R. Devonshire 641 P229 Impurity diagnostics in low pressure discharge lamps using atomic and molecular emission spectroscopy F. Kennedy, R. Bruckshaw, R. Devonshire, E. Arnold and G. Desinger 643 P230 Infra-red spectroscopic diagnostics of high pressure Hg discharge lamps R. Devonshire and M. Jinno 645 P231 Sapphire: a new spectroscopy analysis and visualisation tool G. J. Moss, R. J. Forrest, D. S. Payne and G. J. Wilson 647 P232 Characteristics of discharge spectra with low-pressure sulfur vapor W. B. Jung and H. Y. Chang 649 P233 Double discharges in bi-polar pulsed dielectric barrier discharge lamps in xenon and their influence on the VUV (Ȝ=172nm) production efficiency R. J. Carman, B. K. Ward, R. P. Mildren and D. M. Kane 651 P234 Characterisation on LEDs especially white SMD-LEDs A. Mahlkow and P. Rotsch 653

P235 Enhanced IR hollow cathode laser in 3He-Ne gas mixture P. M. Pramatarov, M. S. Stefanova and A. V. Karelin 655

Author Index 657