Rapid EIA Report
For Almas Ayurvedic Resorts, Purathur, Malappuram.
at Re. Sy. No.8/1B2, 8/1A9, 1A10 of Purathur Village Taluk: Tirur District: Malappuram Kerala
Prepared by KITCO Ltd. Cochin, Kerala -28
REIA Report for Almas Ayurvedic Resort, Purathur
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ...... 8 1.1. Purpose of the Report...... 8 1.2. Profile of Project Proponent ...... 8 1.3. Contact Details of the Project Proponent...... 9 1.4. Project Implementing Organization...... 9 1.5. Project Consultants...... 9 1.6. Description of Land ...... 10 1.7. Environmental Regulations Applicable to the Project...... 10 1.7.1. Environmental Regulations of Government of India ...... 10 1.7.2. Environmental Regulations of State Government...... 11 1.8. National Environmental Standards Relevant to the Project...... 11 1.9. Details of Litigations Pending against the Project ...... 15 PROJECT DESCRIPTION...... 16 2.1. Objective of the Project ...... 16 2.2. Significance of the Project ...... 16 2.3. Overall Suitability of Site...... 16 2.4. Need for the Study...... 17 2.5. Project Location ...... 17 2.5.1. Description of Environmental Sensitive Areas around Project Site...... 24 2.6. Land Use Profile of Project Region...... 26 2.7. Topographical Features of the Proposed Site...... 26 2.8. Project Description...... 28 2.8.1. Administrative Block ...... 32 2.8.2. Second Block ...... 35 2.8.3. Restaurant Building...... 35 2.8.4. Other Supporting Facilities ...... 39 2.8.4.1. Badminton Court...... 39 2.8.4.2. Pool ...... 41 2.8.4.3. Boat Jetty ...... 42 2.8.4.4. Parking Facilities...... 42 2.8.4.5. Landscape...... 42 2.8.4.6. Sewage Treatment ...... 43
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2.8.5. Natural Resources Requirement...... 47 2.8.6. Manpower Requirement...... 48 2.8.7. Project Implementation Schedule ...... 48 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 51 3.1. Study Area...... 51 3.2. Baseline Environmental Profile of Project Region ...... 53 3.2.1. Land Environment...... 53 3.2.1.1. Physiography...... 53 3.2.1.2. Soil...... 56 3.2.2. Water Environment...... 57 3.2.2.1. Drainage...... 57 3.2.2.2. Hydrogeology...... 57 3.2.2.3. Seismicity ...... 60 3.2.3. Air Environment ...... 61 3.2.3.1. Rainfall and Climate ...... 61 3.2.3.2. Temperature ...... 62 3.2.3.3. Relative Humidity...... 63 3.2.3.4. Wind Speed and Wind Direction...... 63 3.2.3.5. Ambient Air Quality...... 63 3.2.4. Noise Environment...... 64 3.2.5. Biological Environment ...... 64 3.2.6. Socio Economic Environment ...... 65 3.2.7. Solid Waste ...... 66 IMPACT ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...... 67 4.1. Activities during Construction Phase ...... 67 4.2. Activities during Operation Phase ...... 67 4.3. Identification of Impacts of Onsite Activities on Various Environmental Attributes...... 67 4.3.1. Land Environment...... 68 4.3.2. Water Environment...... 69 4.3.3. Air Environment ...... 73 4.3.4. Noise Environment...... 74 4.3.5. Biological Environment ...... 75 4.3.6. Socio Economic Environment ...... 76 4.3.7. Solid Waste Management...... 77
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4.4. Identification of Impacts of Offsite Activities ...... 78 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES ...... 80 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN...... 81 6.1. Block Cost Estimate for Implementing EMP ...... 83 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ...... 86 7.1. Introduction ...... 86 7.2. Disaster Management Plan in India...... 86 7.3. Disaster Management for Almas ...... 88 7.3.1. Risk Assessment...... 88 7.3.2. Objective of Disaster Management Plan ...... 89 7.3.3. Various Stakeholders in Disaster Management...... 90 7.3.4. Institutional Responsibility...... 90 7.3.5. Institutional Arrangements...... 91 7.3.5.1. Pre-Disaster Preparedness...... 91 7.3.5.2. Emergency Management System during Disaster...... 92 7.3.5.3. Post Disaster Management...... 97 7.3.6. Plan update and Review...... 97 7.3.7. Training & Drills...... 97 PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 98 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN...... 100 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...... 114 DECLARATION BY EXPERTS ...... 116 ANNEXURES ...... 126 Annexure I. Soil Monitoring Results ...... 127 Annexure II. Water Quality Monitoring Results ...... 130 Annexure III. Air Quality Monitoring Results ...... 135 AnnexureIV. Noise Quality Monitoring Results ...... 138
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List of Tables
Table 1.1. Details of the Project Proponent ...... 9 Table 1.2. Details of the EIA consultancy Organization...... 9 Table 1.3. Details of Land Proposed for Development of Resort ...... 10 Table 1.4. Rules and Acts Applicable to the Proposed Project...... 10 Table 1.5. Ambient Air Quality Standards ...... 11 Table 1.6. Ambient Noise Quality Standards...... 12 Table 1.7. Indian Standard Specifications for Drinking Water...... 12 Table 1.8. General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants ...... 13 Table 2.1. Administrative Setting of Proposed Ayurvedic Resort Location...... 18 Table 2.2. CRZ Categorization of Project Area...... 24 Table 2.3 Area Statement for the Resort...... 30 Table 2.4. List of Facilities Provided in the Administrative Block ...... 32 Table 2.5. Area Statement for Proposed Administrative Block...... 32 Table 2.6. List of facilities provided in Second Block...... 35 Table 2.7. Area Statement of Proposed Second Block ...... 35 Table 2.8. Area Statement of Proposed Restaurant...... 35 Table 2.9. Characteristics of Combined Raw Sewage and Treated Water ...... 43 Table 2.10. Water and Material Quantity during Construction Phase ...... 47 Table 2.11. Abstract of Manpower Requirement for Construction Phase...... 48 Table 2.12. Abstract of Manpower Requirement for Operation Phase ...... 48 Table 3.1. Description of Monitoring Locations ...... 53 Table 3.2. Soil Quality Monitoring Result ...... 57 Table 3.3. Water Monitoring Results...... 59 Table 3.4. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results...... 63 Table 3.5 Noise Monitoring results...... 64 Table 3.6. Vegetation Cover Observed in Project Area ...... 64 Table 4.1. Proposed Solid Waste Handling Plan for Construction and Operation Phases ...... 77 Table 4.2. Environmental Factors Affected and Outcome of the Proposed Project Site ...... 79 Table 6.1. Environmental Monitoring Plan...... 81 Table 6.2. Cost Estimate of Implementing Environmental Monitoring for Construction and Initial Three Years of Operation...... 83 Table 6.3. Block Cost Estimate for Implementing EMP ...... 85 Table 7.1. Proposed Emergency Management Team for Almas Resort...... 93 Table 7.2. Emergency Contact List to be maintained by Resort...... 96 Table 9.1. Environmental Management Plan ...... 102
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List of Figures
Figure 2.1. Location Map of the Proposed Ayurvedic Resort ...... 18 Figure 2.2. Project Site with Immediate Surroundings ...... 19 Figure 2.3. View of the Project Site from the North West Corner...... 19 Figure 2.4. View of the Project Site from the South West Corner...... 20 Figure 2.5. View of the Project Site from the Centre to the Eastern Side ...... 20 Figure 2.6. View of the river from the South East Corner...... 21 Figure 2.7. View of the Project Site from the North East Corner ...... 21 Figure 2.8. View of the Project Site from the South East Corner...... 22 Figure 2.9. CRZ Map of Project Area prepared by NIES, Trivandrum ...... 23 Figure 2.10. Map showing the sensitive areas around the 1km of the project boundary ...... 25 Figure 2.11. Land Use Map of the Project Area...... 26 Figure 2.12. Contour Map of Proposed Location...... 27 Figure 2.13 Layout of Proposed Resort...... 29 Figure 2.14 Area Occupied by Various Components of Resort...... 31 Figure 2.15. Elevation and Ground Floor Plan of Proposed Administrative Block...... 33 Figure 2.16. Section and First Floor Plan of Proposed Administrative Block...... 34 Figure 2.17. Section Plan of Proposed Second Block...... 36 Figure 2.18. Section and Ground Floor Plan of the Proposed Restaurant...... 37 Figure 2.19. Elevation and First Floor Plan of the Proposed Restaurant...... 38 Figure 2.20. Sectional View and Plan ofProposed Badminton Court...... 40 Figure 2.21. Front View, Sectional View and Plan Proposed Swimming Pool ...... 41 Figure 2.22. Elevation and Plan of Proposed Boat Jetty ...... 42 Figure 2.23. Flow Diagram of Proposed STP...... 45 Figure 2.24 Proposed Rain Water Harvesting Facility...... 47 Figure 2.25. Project Schedule of the Construction of the Proposed Ayurvedic Resort...... 50 Figure 3.1. Google Map showing 500 mRadius of the Proposed Site...... 52 Figure 3.2. MonitoringLocations in the Proposed Site ...... 53 Figure 3.3. Relief and Slope of the Project location at Purathur ...... 55 Figure 3.4. Soils of the Project Location at Purathur ...... 56 Figure 3.5. Irrigation and Hydrogeology of the Project Location at Purathur ...... 58 Figure 4.1. Water Balance Statement for Construction Phase ...... 70 Figure 4.2. Water Balance Statement for Operation Phase ...... 71 Figure 7.1. Structure of Emergency Management Team...... 93 Figure 7.2. Responsibility Allocation within EMT during Emergency ...... 95
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ABBREVIATIONS
BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand
COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand
CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board
CRZ - Coastal Regulation Zone dB - Decibel
DG - Diesel Generator
DMP - Disaster Management Plan
EGSB - Expanded Granular Sludge Bed
EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment
EMC - Electronic Manufacturing Cluster
EMP - Environmental Management Plan
EMT - Emergency Management Team
ERC - Emergency Response Center
GRIHA - Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
HTL - High Tide Line
KSEB - Kerala State Electricity Board
KSPCB - Kerala State Pollution Control Board kV - Kilo Volt
MoEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests
NDMA - National Disaster Management Authority
NDZ - Non development Zone
PCB - Pollution Control Board
PIO - Project Implementing Organization
PIZ - Project Impact Zone
PUC - Pollution- under –check
R.O - Reverse Osmosis Plant
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RCC - Reinforced Cement Concrete
RWH - Rain Water Harvest
SPCB - State Pollution Control Board
STP - Sewage Treatment Plant
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1
INTRODUCTION 1.1. Purpose of the Report
Almas Ayurvedic Hospitals and Research Center Private Ltd., with head quarters at Kottakkal, Malappuram district, Kerala, proposes to develop a resort in their available land of 2.1ha at Purathur Grama Panchayath, Tirur, Malappuram District. The land parcel is ideally suited for developing a resort within a village setting having direct access to back water and the sea shore in close proximity. The project proposal is to establish a resort with facilities for rejuvenation for the inmates in the Ayurvedic system. Though the project involves development of buildings of 5056.87sqm with a total capacity of 138 inmates and staff at a time, the construction and operation phase can have direct and indirect impacts on the environment. Since the project area falls within Coastal Regulation Zone III, as per the CRZ Notification 2011, S.O .19 (E), an environmental impact assessment study is carried out to support the application for environmental clearance under the said notification.
The main objectives of the EIA Report are as below:
To document the baseline environmental and social profile of the Project Impact Zone (PIZ) based on primary and secondary data. To identify and evaluate the impacts on the baseline environmental and social profile of the Project Impact Zone due to the proposed project activities during pre-construction, construction and operation phases. To identify the requirements of various environmental regulations applicable to the project. To prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate or minimize the adverse impacts of the project and an Environmental Monitoring Plan to quantify the impacts during construction and operation. 1.2. Profile of Project Proponent
M/s. Almas Ayurvedic Hospitals and Research Center is a Private Limited company having its Head Office at Kottakkal, Malappuram district, Kerala, is the project proponent. The project proponent has been in the services with health care sector and has established a hospital at Kottakkal. The existing hospital at Kottakkal has both the facilities for Allopathic and Ayurvedic Treatment. Taking in to consideration of the increased choice of the visitors from abroad for holidaying in Kerala, and looking
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M/s KITCO Ltd, an accredited organization under QCI-NABET MoEF is entrusted by M/s. Almas, the task of carrying out Environmental scheme and Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Ayurvedic Resort.
1.3. Contact Details of the Project Proponent
The proposed project is at Malappuram District in Kerala. The proponent has registered office at Kottakkal, Malappuram.
Table 1.1. Details of the Project Proponent Sl. No. Particulars Description 1 Contact Address Dr.AhamedKabeer Chairman &Managing Director # 1/215 D, Al Madeena Institute of Medical Science, Changuvetty, Kottakkal (P.O) Malappuram district 676503 2 Phone 0483-2809100 3 E-mail ID [email protected] 1.4. Project Implementing Organization
The project proponent will act as the Project Implementing Organization (PIO) in this project. As this is a resort project which takes only about two years to complete, the proponent will assign the work to local contractors who can complete the construction work of buildings and related facilities.
1.5. Project Consultants
KITCO Ltd. is the consultancy organization for conducting an EIA study for obtaining clearance under CRZ Notification, 2011for the project. Table1.2provides the contact details of the project consultant.
Table 1.2. Details of the EIA consultancy Organization Sl. No. Particulars Description 1 Contact Address KITCO Ltd, Femith’s, P.B No:4407, Puthiya Road, NH Bypass, Vennala, Kochi-682028 2 Phone (0484) 4129000 3 Fax (0484) 2805066 4 E-mail ID [email protected]
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1.6. Description of Land
Land details as per the revenue records are presented in Table 1.3.
Table 1.3. Details of Land Proposed for Development of Resort Sl.No Item Details 1. Survey Numbers 8/1A9, 8/1A10, 8/1B2 2. Village Purathur 3. Tehsil Tirur 4. District Malappuram 5. State Kerala 6. Total area of land 2.1ha 7. GPS Coordinates of Boundaries NW Corner 10°49’30.71” N, 75°54’17.02”E SW Corner 10°49’27.55”N, 75°54’17.65” E NE Corner 10°49’31.39”N, 75°54’24.45” E SE Corner 10° 49’29.89”N, 75°54’25.96”E
1.7. Environmental Regulations Applicable to the Project
A review of the project relevant legal policies, regulations and institutions relevant to the project at National and State levels are presented in this Section. Applicable clearances required for the project under various regulations and role of various institutions in implementing various regulations and environmental management measures are enlisted.
1.7.1. Environmental Regulations of Government of India
The Indian constitution makes environmental protection an explicit duty for every citizen by the statement, “It shall be duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life, etc. and to have compassion for living creatures”. In addition, Government of India has laid out various policy guidelines, acts and regulations pertaining to sustenance of environment. As per the Indian environmental acts and regulations, following acts and regulations are applicable for the project.
Acts such as The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, Wetland Conservation Act 2010 and EIA Notification, 2006 are not applicable to this project. The Acts and Regulations applicable are enlisted in Table 1.4.
Table 1.4. Rules and Acts Applicable to the Proposed Project Sl.No Applicability of Acts / Guidelines Compliance Criteria 1. Coastal Regulation Zone Prior clearance to be obtained from MoEF Notification, 2011 through recommendation from Kerala State Coastal Zone Management Authority. 2. The Water (Prevention & Control of Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate to Pollution) Act, 1974 be obtained from Kerala State Pollution
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Sl.No Applicability of Acts / Guidelines Compliance Criteria Control Board 3. The Air (Prevention & Control of -do- Pollution) Act, 1981
The other legislations relevant to the project include Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, Workmen Compensation Act, 1923, The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991, Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970, Minimum Wages Act, 1948, Payment of Wages Act, 1936, Equal Remuneration Act, 1979, Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986, The Building & Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment & Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996.
1.7.2. Environmental Regulations of State Government
Kerala Building Rules and provisions are applicable to this project.
1.8. National Environmental Standards Relevant to the Project
The standards providing acts under various environmental acts and rules are applicable to the project.
Table 1.5. Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutants Time Concentration in ambient air Method of weighted Sensitive of Industrial Residential, measurement average Area Area Rural & Other areas Sulphur Annual 15 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 Improved West and Dioxide Average* Greek Method (SO2) 24 hours** 30 µg/m3 120 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 Ultraviolet Fluorescence Oxide of Annual* 15 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 Jacob &Ochheiser Nitrogen as modified (Na- NO2 Arsenite) Method 24 hours** 30 µg/m3 120 µg/m3 80 µg/m3 Gas Phase Chemilumloescence Suspended Annual 70 µg/m3 360 µg/m3 140 µg/m3 High volume Particulate sampling. (Average Matter (SPM) 24 hours** 100 µg/m3 500 µg/m3 200 µg/m3 flow rate not less than 1.1m3/minute) Respirable Annual 50 µg/m3 120 µg/m3 60 µg/m3 Respirable Particulate particulatematter matter sampler (RPM), 24 hours** 75 µg/m3 150 µg/m3 100 µg/m3 (sizeless than 10 µm) Lead (Pb) Annual 0.50 µg/m3 1.0 µg/m3 0.75 µg/m3 ASS Method after 24 hours** 0.75 µg/m3 1.5 µg/m3 1.00 µg/m3 sampling using EPM 2000 or equivalent Filter
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Pollutants Time Concentration in ambient air Method of weighted papermeasurement Carbon 8average hours** 1.0 µg/m3 5.0 µg/m3 2.0 µg/m3 Non dispersive Monoxide 1 hour 2.0 µg/m3 10.0 µg/m3 4.0 µg/m3 infra red (CO) Spectroscopy
* Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.
** 24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98 % of the time in a year. However, 2 %of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
Table 1.6. Ambient Noise Quality Standards Category of Area / Zone Category of Area / Zone Rural 25-35 Sub Urban 30-40 Residential(Urban) 35-45 Urban(Residential& Business 40-50 City 45-50 Industrial 50-60
Table 1.7. Indian Standard Specifications for Drinking Water Sl.NO. Parameter Requirement desirable Remarks Limit 1. Colour 5 May be extended up to 50 if toxic substances are suspected 2. Turbidity 10 May be relaxed up to 25 in the absence of alternate 3. pH 6.5 to 8.5 May be relaxed up to 9.2 in the absence 4. Total Hardness 300 May be extended up to 600 5. Calcium as Ca 75 May be extended up to 200 6. Magnesium as Mg 30 May be extended up to 100 7. Copper as Cu 0.05 May be relaxed up to 1.5 8. Iron 0.3 May be extended up to 1 9. Manganese 0.1 May be extended up to 0.5 10. Chlorides 250 May be extended up to 1000 11. Sulphates 150 May be extended up to 400 12. Nitrates 45 No relaxation
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Sl.NO. Parameter Requirement desirable Remarks Limit 13. Fluoride 0.6 to 1.2 If the limit is below 0.6 water should be rejected, Max. Limit is extended to 1.5 14. Phenols 0.001 May be relaxed up to 0.002 15. Mercury 0.001 No relaxation 16. Cadmium 0.01 No relaxation 17. Selenium 0.01 No relaxation 18. Arsenic 0.05 No relaxation 19. Cyanide 0.05 No relaxation 20. Lead 0.1 No relaxation 21. Zinc 5.0 May be extended up to 10.0 22. Anionic 0.2 May be relaxed up to 1 detergents(MBAS) 23. Chromium as Cr+6 0.05 No relaxation 24. Poly nuclear aromatic -- -- Hydrocarbons 25. Mineral Oil 0.01 May be relaxed up to 0.03 26. Residual free Chlorine 0.2 Applicable only when water is Chlorinated 27. Pesticides Absent -- 28. Radio active -- --
Table 1.8. General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants Standards Sl. Parameter Inland Public Land of Marine/Costal No. Surface water Sewers irrigation areas Above 5, consumer 1. Colour 5 25 acceptance decreases Unobjectiona 2 Odour -- -- ble a. For process waste water 100 b. b. For cooling water Suspended solids 3 100 600 200 effluent10 per mg/1,max. cent above total suspended mater of influent Shall a. Floatable Particle size of 4 pass850micr -- solids, solids suspended solids onIS Sieve max. 3 mm
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Sl. Parameter Standards No. b.Settleable solids. Max 856 microns 5 pH value 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 Shall not Shall not o exceed 5 C exceed5oC 6 Temperature above the -- -- above the receiving receiving water water temperature temperature Oil and grease, 7 10 20 10 20 mg/1max. Total residual 8 1.0 -- -- 1.0 chlorine, mg/1 max Ammonical nitrogen 9 50 50 -- 50 (as N), mg/l, max. Total nitrogen 10 100 -- -- 100 (asN),mg/l,max. Free ammonia 11 5.0 -- -- 5.0 (asNH3), mg/l,max Biochemicaloxygen 12 demand (3 days at 30 350 100 100 27oC), mg/l, max Chemical 13 oxygendemand, 250 -- -- 250 mg/l, max Arsenic (as As)mg/l, 14 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 max Mercury (as 15 0.01 0.01 -- 0.01 Hg),mg/l, max Lead (as Pb),mg/l, 16 0.1 0.1 -- 2.0 max Cadmium (as Cd), 17 2.0 1.0 -- 2.0 mg/l, max Hexavalent 18 chromium (asCr+6), 0.1 2.0 -- 1.0 mg/l, max Total chromium(as 19 2.0 2.0 -- 2.0 Cr), mg/l, max Copper (as Cu),mg/l, 20 3.0 3.0 -- 30 max Zinc (as Zn),mg/l, 21 5.0 15 -- 15 max Selenium (as 22 0.05 0.05 -- 0.05 Se),mg/l, max Nickel (as Ni),mg/l, 23 3.0 3.0 -- 50 max Cyanide (as CN), g/l, 24 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.2 max Fluoride (as F),mg/l, 25 2.0 15 -- 15 max 26 Dissolved 5.0 ------
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Sl. Parameter Standards No. phosphates (as P), mg/l, max Sulphide (as S),mg/l, 27 2.0 -- -- 5.0 max 28 Manganese (as Mn) 2 mg/l 2 mg/l 2 mg/l 2 mg/l 29 Iron (as Fe) 3 mg/l 3 mg/l 3 mg/l 3 mg/l 30 Vanadium (as V) 0.2 mg/l 0.2 mg/l -- 0.2 mg/l 31 Nitrate Nitrogen 10 mg/l -- -- 20 mg/l
1.9. Details of Litigations Pending against the Project
No litigations are pending against the project.
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2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project envisages establishing a world class resort with herbal wellness guidelines based on Ayurveda.
2.1. Objective of the Project
M/s. Almas Hospital and Research Center has already set up a hospital for allopathic treatment at Kottakkal. During the course of time, it was observed that foreigners are interested to get ayurvedic treatment for its rejuvenation values. M/s. Almas has already set up an ayurvedic hospital in their hospital premises at Kottakkal.
With this background, the objective of the project is to set up an Ayurvedic Resort at Purathur Grama Panchayath. The location with a beach and estuary in the vicinity offers a serene natural setting.
2.2. Significance of the Project
Ayurveda is not simply a health care system, but a form of lifestyle adopted to maintain perfect balance and harmony within a human existence. With the success rate of the ayurvedic treatment, there is an increased demand for the same sector especially from people abroad.
The location due to poor access and low diversity in resources remains economically backward. Activities of the proposed resort will result in an increase in the income level of people through employment.
2.3. Overall Suitability of Site
The proposed site is a strip of land between the beach line and back water in a pristine village setting with virtually no developmental activities. The land is occupied by end of life coconut trees and cashew trees and no other major crops are cultivated due to the sandy nature of the soil, poor soil fertility and seasonal intrusion of saline water in the estuary.
The village has no approved development plan proposed by State Planning Department The site identified for the resort is already identified as a destination for tourism development which is evident from the fact that a Government of Kerala initiative in this regard through Kerala Tourism
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Development Corporation for setting up of a Beach resort is under progress at about 4 km from the proposed location.
As the proposed location falls under the purview of CRZ Notification, 2011, the only commercial activity that can be done is setting up of resort for temporary occupancy by tourists on the site. This type of green project is feasible in this area.
2.4. Need for the Study
The proposed site for Almas Ayurvedic Resort lies in the CRZ III, within in the limit of restricted development as per setting of CRZ Notification, 2011 S.O 19 (E) of MoEF which requires a CRZ clearance from the Kerala Coastal Zone Management Authority and MoEF. As a part of the clearance procedure, Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report is mandatory.
The purpose of REIA is to understand the project activities and analyze its impact (positive and negative) on the baseline environmental setting of the project region (physical, biological and socio- economic settings) and to formulate measures to minimize negative impacts and maximize positive ones.
The EIA study comprised the following steps.
Understanding the project activities. Analysis of baseline conditions of project area specifically any environmental or socio economic sensitivities through review of literature, field studies and reconnaissance surveys. Identification of potential impacts of the project and suggesting appropriate mitigation measures. Preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Schedules and defining Environmental Monitoring Cell (EMC) structure for executing EMP. 2.5. Project Location
The project location of the site is shown in Figure 2.1
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Figure 2.1. Location Map of the Proposed Ayurvedic Resort
The site is a parcel of land of 2.1 ha and form part of the landform falling between the Arabian Sea and Tirur Estuary. The Estuary is the boundary of the site on eastern side. Further downstream at about 3.7 km, the Tirur Estuary joins Bharathapuzha River which drains out to Arabian Sea. The site is having direct access with Padinjarekkara-Kuttayi Beach Road which is connecting the proposed Coastal Highway connecting Ponnani and Vengalam. The administrative setting of the land for resort development is presented in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1. Administrative Setting of Proposed Ayurvedic Resort Location Village Purathur Grama Panchayath Purathur Taluk Tirur Block Panchayath Tirur District Malappuram Jilla Panchayath Malappuram
The proposed site is located about 49 kilometers from the Calicut International Airport (Karippur) and 114 kilometers from Cochin International Airport (Nedumbassery) and about 5 km away from the Ponnani Harbor. The nearest railway station is Tirur, located at approx. 13 km from the project site.
Figure 2.2 presents the site with its immediate surroundings and Figure 2.3 to Figure 2.8 shows the present status of the land.
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Figure 2.2. Project Site with Immediate Surroundings
Figure 2.3. View of the Project Site from the North West Corner
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Figure 2.4. View of the Project Site from the South West Corner
Figure 2.5. View of the Project Site from the Centre to the Eastern Side
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Figure 2.6. View of the river from the South East Corner
Figure 2.7. View of the Project Site from the North East Corner
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Figure 2.8. View of the Project Site from the South East Corner
The aerial distance of the site is about 280 m away from the Ponnani beach. As the site falls within 500m from the HTL of Arabian Sea at Ponnani beach, it falls under the purview of CRZ Notification, 2011. Further with confluence of Tirur Puzha with Bharathapuzha which subsequently drain to Arabian Sea, tidal action is prominent in Tirur Puzha which is abutting the project site.
As per CRZ Notification, 2011
As per section 1, sub section (i), the project area fall under the Coastal Regulation Zone since being falling within 500m from HTL. As per the section 1, sub section (ii), considering the tidal action from Tirur Puzha, 100 m of the site from HTL of puzha is falling under the purview of CRZ Notification. Since the is in a village setting, falling under CRZ III, setting up of Hotels and beach resorts is a permitted activity as per the Clause No 8.i.III.B(i) of CRZ Notification, 2011. The CRZ mapping of the proposed site was done by Centre for Earth Science Studies (CESS/NIES).The map is presented in Figure 2.9.
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Figure 2.9. CRZ Map of Project Area prepared by NIES, Trivandrum
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Categorization of land as per CRZ notification is presented in Table 2.2 below.
Table 2.2. CRZ Categorization of Project Area Sl.No Description of land Area of Land (m2) 1 CRZ landward side of HTL from open sea-CRZ III 21084.19 (Total area of the proposed site) 2 In between 200 m and 500 m CRZ line (with respect to 21084.19 the HTL of Lakshadweep Sea) 3 Between HTL (with respect to the Tirur River) and CRZ 8834.59 line for rivers or Backwater(NDZ) 4 Between the 200 m CRZ line (with respect to the HTL 12249.60 of the Lakshadweep Sea) and CRZ with respect to the Tirur River
2.5.1. Description of Environmental Sensitive Areas around Project Site
The list of sensitive areas presented as per defined in the Form I of EIA Notification, 2006 within 15 km of the project location is presented in Figure 2.10
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Figure 2.10. Map showing the sensitive areas around the 1km of the project boundary
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There are no major environmental sensitive features within the close proximity of project location.
2.6. Land Use Profile of Project Region
Figure 2.11. Land Use Map of the Project Area
2.7. Topographical Features of the Proposed Site
The proposed site occupies the eastern portion of a sand bar between the sea and the northern part of the Ponnani-Tirur River with very gentle slope (around 1%) towards the east, i.e. to the Puzha Side. The site is a part of a very gently sloping terrain lying to the east of the sandbar ridge which is half way between the sea and the estuary. The site is within the physiographic unit “Coastal Plains and Lagoons” falling under 0-10m altitudinal range. The beach near the site is protected with seawall in order to protect the seashore. Figure 2.12 presents the contour map of the project location.
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Figure 2.12. Contour Map of Proposed Location
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2.8. Project Description
The project aims at setting up of an Ayurvedic resort with five star facilities. The project aims to integrate resort facility with the various leisure options such as pool, Badminton Court, library, open area for cultural programmes and a boat jetty to facilitate boating.
The facility will have qualified and trained personnel in hospitality and ayurvedic treatment.
Layout of the proposed resort is presented as Figure 2.13
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Figure 2.13 Layout of Proposed Resort
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The building structure for the proposed resort include an Administrative Block and a second block, with supporting facilities such as restaurant, pool, badminton court and open cultural area, ample car parking facilities in line with the mandatory requirements, provision for rain water harvesting with 186 cum capacity along with an STP of capacity 20 cum/day is also integrated within the project. There is a proposal for construction of a Jetty for provision for boat services in the backwater. The land area occupied by various facilities for the resort with respect to the total land available is presented in Table 2.4 followed by Figure 2.14 below. As the 100 m from the Tirur Puzha is under the purview of CRZ Notification, 2011, no permanent structures are proposed and essentially the area is proposed to retain with an open area and walkway maintained and landscaping.
Table 2.3 Area Statement for the Resort
Sl Components of the resort Area (m2) No: 1 Main Block 1548.37 2 Second Block 656.53 3 Restaurant 362.69 4 Landscape 10698.7 5 STP 54 6 Rainwater Harvesting Tank 45 7 Pool 144 8 Open Area for cultural Programmes 766 9 Badminton Court 256 10 Walk way 2812 11 Parking area 1698
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Figure 2.14 Area Occupied by Various Components of Resort
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Description of the facilities in detail is followed.
2.8.1. Administrative Block
Table 2.4. List of Facilities Provided in the Administrative Block Sl.no Facilities Number 1 Porch 1 2 Reception 1 3 Recreation room 3 4 Administration 1 5 Yoga hall 2 6 Lobby 2 7 Library 2 8 Gymnasium 2 9 Dining hall 1 10 Majilis 2 11 Lift 2 12 Bed rooms 21 13 Staff room 1
The area statement for the Administrative Block is presented as Table 2.5 and plan and profile of the Block are presented in Figures 2.15 and 2.16.
Table 2.5. Area Statement for Proposed Administrative Block Floor Plinth Area (m2) Floor Area (m2) Carpet Area (m2) Ground 1548.37 1548.37 1238.69 First 1470.06 1470.06 1176.04 Total 3018.43 3018.43 2414.73
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Figure 2.15. Elevation and Ground Floor Plan of Proposed Administrative Block.
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Figure 2.16. Section and First Floor Plan of Proposed Administrative Block
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2.8.2. Second Block
Table 2.6. List of facilities provided in Second Block Sl No. Facilities Numbers 1 Reception lobby 1 2 Administrative office 1 3 Jacuzzi rooms 2 4 Steam rooms 2 5 Lift 1 6 Utility rooms 7 7 Treatment rooms 15 8 Guest rooms 10 9 Bed rooms 20 10 Staff room 1 11 Staff accommodation 2
The Area Statement of the proposed building is presented in Table 2.7 followed by the plan and profile in Figure 2.17
Table 2.7. Area Statement of Proposed Second Block Floor Plinth Area (m2) Floor Area (m2) Carpet Area(m2) Ground 656.53 656.53 525.22 First 656.53 656.53 525.22 Total 1313.06 1313.06 4045.44
2.8.3. Restaurant Building
An independent building is proposed for the restaurant which has direct access from the entrance of the resort. The dining facilities, a common kitchen to cater to the need of the inmates along with storage facilities, wash rooms is provided in the restaurant building.
The first floor of the restaurant is meant as rest rooms of restaurant staff such. The area statement for proposed restaurant building is presented in Table 2.9 below and the plan and profile is presented in Figure 2.9.
Table 2.8. Area Statement of Proposed Restaurant Floor Plinth Area (m2) Floor Area (m2) Carpet Area (m2) Ground 362.69 362.69 290.15 First 362.69 362.69 290.15 Total 725.38 725.38 580.30
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Figure 2.17. Section Plan of Proposed Second Block
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Figure 2.18. Section and Ground Floor Plan of the Proposed Restaurant
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Figure 2.19. Elevation and First Floor Plan of the Proposed Restaurant
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2.8.4. Other Supporting Facilities
The supporting facilities which form part of the resort include a Badminton Court, Pool and Boat Jetty, and Parking facilities. The details of the same are as presented below.
2.8.4.1. Badminton Court
A badminton court is proposed on the northern side of the site behind the Administrative Block. The section and plan of the proposed badminton court is shown in Figure 2.20.
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Figure 2.20. Sectional View and Plan ofProposed Badminton Court
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2.8.4.2. Pool
A swimming pool with shower room is proposed in front of the Second Block. The shower room consists of wash room and toilet. The sectional and front view of the swimming pool is shown in Figure 2.21.
Figure 2.21. Front View, Sectional View and Plan Proposed Swimming Pool
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2.8.4.3. Boat Jetty
The resort has the facility for landing house boats. The boat jetty is proposed on the bank of the river. The boat jetty will be of temporary nature. The section and elevation plan of the boat jetty is show in Figure 2.22.
Figure 2.22. Elevation and Plan of Proposed Boat Jetty
2.8.4.4. Parking Facilities
Car parking facilities are provided in front of the Administrative Block adjacent to the entry. Open parking area is allotted for 23 cars among which 2 slots are for disabled parking.
2.8.4.5. Landscape
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A landscape plan is proposed for the resort exclusive with indigenous species found in the site. Existing vegetation will be retained in those areas which are not disturbed by any construction activities. The landscape will enhance the aesthetic beauty of the site and also act as a natural cleanser. A total area of 10699sqm is proposed for the landscape of the resort.
2.8.4.6. Sewage Treatment
PROCESS DESCRIPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF COMBINED RAW SEWAGE
The characteristics of combined raw sewage adopted for design and characteristics of treated water are presented in Table 2.8
Table 2.9. Characteristics of Combined Raw Sewage and Treated Water Sl No. Parameter Combined Raw Sewage Treated Water 1 pH 6.5 – 7.5 6.5 – 8 2 SS 250 – 400 mg/l < 100 mg/l 3 B.O.D 300 – 400 mg/l < 30 mg/l 4 C.O.D 450 – 650 mg/l <250 mg/l 5 Oil & Grease 100-150mg/l <5 mg/l
The total quantity of combined raw sewage and laundry from hospital is estimated as 19 cum/day.
VARIOUS UNITS AND EQUIPMENT OF STP The various units in the existing system are the following:
Grit Chamber/ Oil Trap Collection Tank Expanded Granular Sludge Bed(EGSB) reactor Aeration tank with aerators Clarifier Filter Feed Tank Pressure Sand filter Activated Carbon Filter Treated water tank Sludge Digestor Filter feed pump Chemical dosing pump BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE TREATMENT PROCESS
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The sewage and sullage generated from resort blocks and restaurant will be transported to the Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) through a sewer lines network. Sewage will be collected in the collection tank after passing through preliminary treatment units (Grit Chamber/Oil trap). From the collection tank, sewage will be pumped at a uniform rate to the Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactor. EGSB reactor is a variant for the UASB reactor for the anaerobic treatment of sewage. The overflow from the EGSB reactor will be collected in the aeration tank where it is aerated using a diffused aeration system. The overflow from the aeration tank is let into the clarifier. A portion of bio-sludge gets settles at the bottom of the clarifier from where it is removed periodically to the sludge digestor.
The overflow from clarifier will be directed to filter feed tank by gravity. The semi-treated water from filter feed tank is pumped at a uniform rate to a pressure sand filter to remove fine suspended solids followed by an activated carbon adsorber for removing the traces of BOD, COD, colour, odour etc. Outlet from the carbon adsorber will be disinfected and collected in the treated water collection tank before using it for gardening.
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Figure 2.23. Flow Diagram of Proposed STP
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2.8.4.7. Solid Waste Management Facility
The solid waste produced during the operation phase can be classified into four.
1. Biodegradable 2. Non biodegradable 3. Recyclable 4. Oil contaminated
The biodegradable solid wastes which include the food waste from the restaurant and other biodegradable waste from other buildings shall be collected in garbage Collection Bins will be placed at different locations in the resort. The non biodegradable solid wastes will be collected in different Garbage Collection bins and will be sold to vendors. The Recyclable materials will be collected and sent to recycle units.
The oil contaminated solid wastes will be collected from the wellness facility and will be treated separately using bulking agents (saw dust, waste paper and nutrient mixture) and composted aerobically to form manure.
2.8.4.8. Power and Water Supply Management
A 250 kVA power supply from KSEB will serve the power requirement during operation phase. DG sets of 200kVA will be provided as a backup for the entire project.
During operation phase, water will be drawn from the river with the consent of the authority.
2.8.4.9. Rain Water Harvesting
A roof top rain water harvesting facility is integrated with the project and a rainwater storage tank of capacity 186 m3 is proposed. The rainwater will be lead into a filter unit and stored in ground level tank. From the storage tank, overflow will be lead into percolation pit/well to recharge groundwater. The schematic diagram of Rain Water Harvesting tank is presented in Figure 2.24.
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Figure 2.24 Proposed Rain Water Harvesting Facility
2.8.5. Natural Resources Requirement
Table 2.10. Water and Material Quantity during Construction Phase Sl Material Quantity Cement Water Volume of No. (m3) Quantity( Requirement water for Tonnes) (m3) Curing (m3) 1 PCC 1:4:8 672.26 121.01 100.84 242.01 2 RCC 1 1564.08 547.43 234.61 563.07 3 RCC 2 109.55 60.25 16.43 39.44 4 Tile work (Cement 1826.17 47.94 18.26 18.26 mortar) 1:3 5 Cement plaster 1:6 13911.82 62.60 41.74 111.29 6 Cement plaster 1:3 4040.57 32.12 12.12 32.32 7 masonry 1287.45 96.56 64.37 64.37 8 Total quantity in Lit 488.37 1070.77 9 Total quantity in million 1559.149 liters
The total water demand for construction of the project period of 24 months is approximately 1.6 ML
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2.8.6. Manpower Requirement
The construction of the resort is proposed to be completed within 2 years and the manpower requirement for the construction phase is presented below in Table 2.10. and the various labour rule in force which would attract the provisions for the construction labours are presented below.
Table 2.11. Abstract of Manpower Requirement for Construction Phase TOTAL Sl. No ACTIVITY Mandays Construction Phase 1 Civil /mechanical/piping work 23118 2 Electrical work 1263 Total man days 24381 Expected number of working days 450 Average labour requirement 55 Peak labour requirement 110
Proposed manpower requirement for the operation phase of the project is as presented in Table 2.11below.
Table 2.12. Abstract of Manpower Requirement for Operation Phase Sl. TOTAL staff ACTIVITY No requirement Operation Phase 1 Number of rooms for inmates 41 2 Staff requirement per room 2 Total staff required per day 82 Staff requirement during day time 62 Staff requirement for night 20
2.8.7. Project Implementation Schedule
The major activities in the construction phase and implementation schedule are presented as Figure 2.25 is as follows.
Preliminary activities Setting out the building Clearing of site Earthwork excavations and foundations Superstructure works Finishing works Electrical works Plumping works
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Painting works Install doors and windows Interior finishes Equipments Clean ups
The construction is proposed to be completed within 2 years and Figure 2.25 presents the project implementation schedule for the proposed resort.
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Figure 2.25. Project Schedule of the Construction of the Proposed Ayurvedic Resort
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3
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
The environmental attributes, which can be impaired or modified by the proposed construction activities, include land, air, water, noise and socio economic aspects. In order to understand the impact of the project on existing environmental attributes, a study of the baseline environmental setting has been carried out through, reconnaissance survey, environmental monitoring and analysis. This chapter below presented in details the studies undertaken and the baseline environmental profile of project setting where the resort is proposed to come up.
3.1. Study Area
The project site is located in a pristine coastal village with no industries or major human activities in the immediate surroundings. Considering that the proposed activity is falling within 2.1 ha of the land in a village setting, essentially constituting buildings and green activities, detailed studies were carried out within 500m of the project location while secondary data on the project setting availed considering the 1km around the project site. Figure 3.1 below presents the environmental setting with a radius of 500m from the project site.
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Figure 3.1. Google Map showing 500 m Radius of the Proposed Site
From Figure 3.1, it can be seen that the proposed location form a patch of land in between the sea and estuarine part of a river. In order to analyze the environmental impact due to the proposed project activities, it is essential that the baseline environmental setting of the project area need to be analyzed and understood with the proposed developmental activities. The ambient environmental sampling and analysis of the various environmental attributes such as air, water, and soil and noise quality was an integral part of EIA Study. The selected monitoring locations are shown in Figure 3.2. The environmental monitoring results are presented in the respective sections.
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Figure 3.2. Monitoring Locations in the Proposed Site Table 3.1. Description of Monitoring Locations
Location GPS Description Environmental Attributes Name of location code Coordinates of Location Main Gate of Proposed 10o 49.482’ N Residential AQ1 Ambient Air Quality Project Site (West 75o 54.289’ E Area Boundary) Ambient Air Quality Near MMHSS Koottayi 10o 50.190’ N Sensitive AQ2 (1.5 Km from Project Site 75o 54.160’ E Area ) Ambient Air Quality River Side Boundary of 10o 49.513’ N AQ3 Proposed Project Project Area 75o 54.394’ E Site(East Boundary) Surface Water 10o 49.512’ N Near the SW1 River side Monitoring 75o 54.406’ E Project Area Bore well inside the 10o 49.461’ N GW1 Ground Water Project Area proposed site 75o 54.306’ E At the gate of the 10o 49.479’ N Near the S1 Soil Quality proposed site 75o 54.292’ E Project Area 10o 49.503’ N S2 Soil Quality River Side Project Area 75o 54.417’ E Main Gate of the 10o 49.482’ N NQ Ambient Noise Level Project Area proposed site 75o 54.289’ E
3.2. Baseline Environmental Profile of Project Region
3.2.1. Land Environment
3.2.1.1. Physiography
Geomorphologically the Malappuram district can be divided into three viz. coastal plain(less than 7.5 m AMSL) mid land (7.5-75 m AMSL) and highland (above 75 m AMSL). The coastal plain extends
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The proposed site occupies the eastern portion of a sand bar between the Arabian Sea and the northern part of the Ponnani-Tirur estuary with very gentle slope (around 1%) towards the east, i. e. to the Tirur estuarine side. The site is part of a very gently sloping terrain lying to the east of the sand bar ridge which is half way between the sea and the estuary and is within the physiographic unit “Coastal plains and lagoons” falling under 0 - 10 m altitudinal range. Level difference between the eastern and western sides is only 2.7 meter. The soil type is modified beach sand.
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.
Source:District Planning map Series, Survey of India, 1995
Figure 3.3. Relief and Slope of the Project location at Purathur
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3.2.1.2. Soil
The soil profile of the project area is generally sandy by nature. The site is a former coconut plantation with surviving end of life trees and cashew trees.
Source: District Planning map Series, Survey of India, 1995
Figure 3.4. Soils of the Project Location at Purathur
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Further, in order to ascertain the soil quality to understand its agrarian property, the soil quality was monitored within the project location and the results of the same are presented in Table 3.2 below and attached as ANNEXURE I
Soil samples were collected from two locations of the proposed site.
Table 3.2. Soil Quality Monitoring Result Sl Parameter Unit Method S1 S2 no: 1 Texture - Sand % -- 79 46 2 Texture - Silt % -- 13 16 3 Texture - Clay % -- 3.0 8.0 4 Soil Type -- -- Sandy Sandy clay 5 Colour -- Yellowish Dark brown -- grey 6 Moisture Content % IS 2720(Pt 2)-1973 3.25 7.49 7 Conductivity at 250C (1:5 mmhos/cm 0.07 0.06 IS 14767:2000 soil extract) 8 pH at 300C -- IS 2720(Pt 26)-1987 6.61 6.59 9 Organic carbon mg/100gm IS 2720(Pt 22)-1972 389 1430 10 Total Nitrogen as N mg/100gm IS 14684-1999 28 34.31 11 Phosphorus mg/100gm IS 10158-1982 49.65 34.09 12 Chlorides mg/100gm USEPA 9212 3.62 6.53 13 Sodium mg/100gm USEPA 3050B 14.99 19.38 14 Sodium Absorption Ratio --- USEPA 3050B 2.75 3.92 15 Bulk Density g/cm3 USEPA 3050B 1.64 1.42 16 Water Holding Capacity % ASTM D 425 3.90 9.41 17 Infiltration Capacity cm/hr ASTM D 3385 77.60 29.41 18 Cation Exchange meq/100g 2.27 2.63 IS 2720 (Pt 24)-1976 Capacity 19 Cadmium as Cd mg/kg USEPA 3050B BDL (MDL- BDL(MDL- 0.1) 0.1) 20 Chromium as Cr mg/kg USEPA 3050B 11.79 19.96 21 Copper as Cu mg/kg USEPA 3050B 1.35 3.20 22 Iron as Fe mg/kg USEPA 3050B 6121.63 10293.55 23 Manganese as Mn mg/kg USEPA 3050B 22.99 35.36 24 Lead as Pb mg/kg USEPA 3050B 9.99 24.22 25 Zinc as Zn mg/kg USEPA 3050B 7.15 8.72 26 Nickel as Ni mg/kg USEPA 3050B 4.19 7.75
3.2.2. Water Environment
3.2.2.1. Drainage
The site discharges and drains to Tirur Puzha.
3.2.2.2. Hydrogeology
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Source: District Planning map Series, Survey of India, 1995
Figure 3.5. Irrigation and Hydrogeology of the Project Location at Purathur
Surface and groundwater characteristics and flows were assessed using field investigations as well as maps, and data from the ground water department, Kerala. The site is sandwiched between the sea and the estuary. Deeper sedimentary formations are absent. Ground water potential therefore is confined to very limited occasional patches with silty formations. It is understood that the ground water is confined in silty base. A number of wells are in use in the locality nearby the proposed site.
Baseline water quality of the project area was established with the ground and surface water quality monitoring in the project location. The results of surface water quality and ground water quality monitoring are presented in Table 3.3 and attached as ANNEXURE II
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The surface water was collected from the River and marked (SW1)
The ground water sample was collected from the Bore well inside the project Site (GW1)
Table 3.3. Water Monitoring Results Sl Parameters Unit Method SW1 GW1 no: Cl.2 of IS 3025 (Pt 1 pH at 320C --- 6.77 7.45 11):1983, Reaff. 2006 Cl. 2 of IS 3025 (Pt 2 Color Hazen units 4.0 4.0 4):1983, Reaff. 2006 IS 3025 (Pt 10):1984, 3 Turbidity NTU 1.30 BDL (MDL-0.5) Reaff. 2006 Total dissolved IS 3025(Pt 16):1984, 4 mg/l 760 692 solids Reaff. 2006 IS 3025 (Pt 15):1984, 5 Total solids mg/l 764 692 Reaff. 2009 Total Hardness as Cl. 2 of IS 3025(Pt 6 mg/l 161.68 363 CaCO3 21):1983, Reaff. 2002 Cl. 2 of IS 3025(Pt 7 Chloride as Cl mg/l 296.26 20.70 32):1988, Reaff. 2009 Cl. 4 ofIS 3025(Pt 8 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 70.01 288.15 24):1986, Reaff. 2009 Cl. 5 of IS 3025(Pt BDL 9 Fluoride as F mg/l BDL (MDL-0.1) 60):2008 (MDL-0.1) Alkalinity as Cl. 8.1 of IS 3025(Pt 10 mg/l 116.48 180.60 CaCo3 23):1986,Reaff. 2009 Cl. 6 of IS 3025 (Pt 11 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.10 0.14 53):2003,Reaff. 2009 Cl. 3 of IS 3025(Pt 12 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 0.33 0.15 34):1988, Reaff. 2009 Cl. 4 of IS 3025(Pt 13 Nitrite as NO2 mg/l 0.01 BDL(MDL-0.01) 34):2005, Reaff. 2009 Cl. 6 of IS 3025(Pt BDL(MDL- 14 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(MDL-0.01) 42):1992, Reaff. 2009 0.01) IS 13428: 2005 BDL(MDL- 15 Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL(MDL-0.01) Annex L, Reaff. 2009 0.01) Cl. 5 of IS 3025 (Pt BDL(MDL- BDL(MDL- 16 Mercury as Hg mg/l 48):1994, Reaff. 2009 0. 0005) 0.0005) BDL Cl. 6 of IS 3025(Pt BDL(MDL- 17 Cadmium as Cd mg/l (MDL- 41):1992, Reaff. 2009 0.001) 0.001) Cl. 5 of IS 3025(Pt 18 Calcium as Ca mg/l 22.61 131.86 40):1991, Reaff. 2009 Cl. 6 of IS 3025(Pt 19 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 25.58 34.26 46):1994, Reaff.2009 Cl. 5 of IS 3025(Pt 20 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.069 BDL(MDL-0.05) 59):2006 Phenolic Cl. 6 of IS 3025 (Pt BDL(MDL- BDL(MDL- 21 Compounds as mg/l 43):1992, Reaff. 2009 0.0005) 0.0005) C6H5OH 22 Zinc as Zn mg/l Cl. 5 of IS 3025(Pt 0.098 BDL(MDL-0.05)
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49):1994 Cl. 5 of IS 3025 (Pt 23 Sodium as Na mg/l 240 35 45):1993, Reaff. 2009 Cl. 5 of IS 3025 (Pt 24 Potassium as K mg/l 14 3.0 45):1993, Reaff. 2009 Total Chromium IS 13428: 2005 BDL(MDL- 25 mg/l BDL(MDL-0.01) as Cr Annex J, Reaff. 2009 0.01) BDL Cl. 8 of IS 3025(Pt BDL(MDL- 26 Lead as Pb mg/l (MDL- 47):2005, Reaff. 2009 0.005) 0.005) IS 3025 (Pt 14):1984, 27 Conductivity µs 1240 1120 Reaff. 2006 Total nitrogen as Cl. 5.2 of IS 3025 (Pt 28 mg/l 30.80 16.80 N 34):1988, Reaff. 2009 Cl. 4.1 & 4.2 of IS 29 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 3025 (Pt 38) 6.30 4.10 :1989,Reaff. 2009 Chemical Oxygen 30 mg/l IS 3025(Pt 58) : 2006 10 8.0 demand Biochemical IS 3025(Pt 44):1993, 31 oxygen demand @ mg/l 4.0 3.0 Reaff. 2009 27°C for 3 days Cl. 5 of IS 3025(Pt 32 Oil & Grease mg/l 0.20 BDL(MDL-0.05) 39): 2009 33 Temperature 0C APHA 2550-B 29 29
2- Cl. 4 of IS 3025 (Pt 34 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 0.12 BDL(MDL-0.05) 31):1988, Reaff. 2009 Total Suspended IS 3025 (Pt 17):1984, 35 mg/l 3.80 BDL(MDL-1.0) Solids Reaff. 2006 Total IS 1622:1981, Total 36 500 23 Coliforms/100ml REAFF.2003 Coliforms/100ml IS 1622: Faecal Faecal 37 1981, 220 <2 Coliforms/100ml Coliforms/100ml REAFF.2003
Note: BDL: Below Detection Limit
MDL: Minimum detection Limit
The water sampling parameters for bore well water is within the recommended range of portable water as per WHO standards.
3.2.2.3. Seismicity
As per National Earthquake Zonation map of India, in Figure 3.6, Kerala falls in Zone III where earthquake of magnitude 6 on Richter scale is a probability
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Figure 3.6. Seismic Map of the Project Area
The map shows that Kerala falls in Zone III which is prone to earthquake below magnitude 6. The site is located in the landward side beyond the ridge of the sand bar. The vegetation the HTL to 250m zone protects the site from the vulnerability to tsunami.
3.2.3. Air Environment
3.2.3.1. Rainfall and Climate
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The district has dry season from December to February and hot season from March to May. The South-West monsoon prevails from June to September and the North-East Monsoon from October to December. The average annual rainfall of the district during the last five years is about 2800mm. Out of this, major rainfall contribution is from SW monsoon followed by the NE. the SW monsoon contributes nearly 73.5% of the rainfall. NE monsoon contributes nearly 16.4% and March to May summer rain contributes nearly 9.9% and the balance 0.2% is accounted for January and February months.
Source: District Planning map Series, Survey of India, 1995
Figure 3.7. Climatic Conditions of the Project Location
3.2.3.2. Temperature
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The climate is generally hot and humid. March and April months are the hottest January and February months are the coldest. The maximum temperature ranges from 28.9 to 36.2°C and the minimum temperature ranges from 17.0 to 23.4°C. The temperature starts rising from January and reaches the peak in the month of March and April and then decreases during the monsoon month and again rising from September onwards.
3.2.3.3. Relative Humidity
The relative humidity ranges from 84 to 94% during morning hours. The humidity is more during the peak monsoon months from June to September.
3.2.3.4. Wind Speed and Wind Direction
The wind is predominant from east as well as west during morning and evening hours. The wind speed is more during December to February months. It ranges from 2.9 to 7.2 km per hour.
3.2.3.5. Ambient Air Quality
In order to establish the baseline ambient air quality of the project surroundings, environmental monitoring was carried out within the proposed location for the criteria pollutants. The details of the monitoring locations along with results of environmental monitoring with standard prescribed for the location are presented in Table 3.4and attached as ANNEXURE III
Table 3.4. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results Parameters Unit Intervals Value Reported NAAQ Standards
AQ1 AQ2 AQ3 Eco Other sensitive area areas
Particulate matter of µg/ m3 I 52.6 57.3 39.5 100 100 size less than 2.5 µm (PM10) Particulate matter of µg/ m3 I 19.3 21.4 10.7 60 60 size less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) 80Sulphur Dioxide µg/ m3 I 7.6 9.6 6.3 80 80 (SO2) II 6.9 7.9 6.1 III 7.1 8.3 6.4 Nitrogen Dioxide µg/ m3 I 8.3 10.1 8.3 80 80 (NOx) II 8.7 8.7 7.1 III 8.1 8.8 7.2 Carbon Monoxide (CO) mg/m3 I 0.8 0.9 0.7 2 2 8 Hrs II 0.9 1.0 0.8 III 0.8 0.8 0.8
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All the Air Quality parameters are far below the maximum levels permitted.
3.2.4. Noise Environment
The project location being in a calm village setting, without much developmental activities close by, the traffic operating through the Tippu Sultan road is the contributing factor for noise level of project region. Baseline data on the ambient noise environment is ascertained through noise monitoring. The noise monitoring locations details along with the analysis of the observed data is presented in Table 3.5 and attached as ANNEXURE IV
Table 3.5 Noise Monitoring results Noise level values dB (A) CPCB Standard Leq dB (A) L10 L50 L90 LDn LDay LNight Day Night 54.3 47.8 40.8 50.0 51.5 42.8 55 45
3.2.5. Biological Environment
There is no national park and wildlife sanctuary within 40km from the project site. The land is in the midst of a coastal village with scattered settlements and coconut and cashew plantations as economic crops suitable to beach side sandy soil. The coconut trees on the project site are end of life trees. Denatured vegetation consists of Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel/Punna), Lannea coromandelica (Uthi), Cordia obliqua (Pasakkamaram), Acacia auriculiformis (Acacia), Anacardium occidentale (Cashew nut), Alstonia scholars (Ezhilampala) and Azadirachta indica (Aryaveppu). Table 3.6 presents the list of vegetation observed in the site.
Table 3.6. Vegetation Cover Observed in Project Area Common/ Sl no Scientific Name Family Habit Local Name 1 Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae Kunni Climber 2 Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Malvaceae Kattooram Shrub 3 Acacia auriculiformisA. Mimosaceae Acacia Tree Cunn.exBenth. 4 Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Appa Herb 5 Alstonia scholaris(L.) R.Br. Apocynaceae Ezhilampala Tree 6 Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Cashew nut tree Tree 7 Anamirta cocculus (L.) Wight Menispermaceae Nanchuvalli Climber &Arn. 8 Calophyllum inophyllum L. Clusiaceae Punna Tree 9 Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br. Asclepiadaceae Erukku Shrub 10 Canthium rheedei DC. Rubiaceae Kattara Shrub Endemic 11 Chlori sbarbata Sw. Poaceae Kodappullu Herb 12 Chromolaena odorata (L.) King Asteraceae Comminist-pacha Shrub & Robins.
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Common/ Sl no Scientific Name Family Habit Local Name 13 Chrysopogon acciculatus (Retz.) Poaceae Snehappullu Herb Trin. 14 Citrulus lanatus (Thunb.) Cucurbitaceae Thannimathan Climber Matsumara&Nakai 15 Clitorea ternatea L. Fabaceae Sankhupushpam Climber 16 Cocos nuciferaL. Arecaceae Thengu Tree 17 Cyperus rotundusL. Cyperaceae Muthanga Herb 18 Eleucine indica (L.) Gaertn. Poaceae Herb 19 Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Convolvulaceae Vishnukranthi Herb 20 Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth Fabaceae Seemakkonna Tree ex Walp 21 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Anacardiaceae Uthi Tree Merr. 22 Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Leeaceae Chorianthali Shrub 23 Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link Lamiaceae Thumba Herb 24 Leucas lavendulifolia J.E. Smith Lamiaceae Thumba Herb 25 Macaranga peltata (Roxb) Euphorbiaceae Vatta Tree Muell.-Arg. 26 Morinda citrifolia L. Rubiaceae Cherumanjanathi Tree 27 Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. Rubiaceae Nonganampullu Herb 28 Pedalium murex L. Pedaliaceae Kakkamullu Herb 29 Phyllanthus aery-shawii Brunel Euphorbiaceae Keezharnelli Herb Roux 30 Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Njottanjodiyan Herb 31 Premna serratifolia L. Verbenaceae Munja Shrub 32 Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Aavanakku Shrub 33 Sida acutaBurm.f Malvaceae Anakurunthotti Shrub 34 Sida rhomboideaRoxb. ex Malvaceae Kurumthotti Shrub Fleming 35 Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalz. Malvaceae Kattupruthi Shrub &Gibs. 36 Triumphetta rhomboideaJecq. Tiliaceae Oorppam Shrub 37 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less Asteraceae Poovankurunthal Herb 38 Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Cheruthudali Shrub
Being lined by Tirur Puzha, about 5.0 km upstream of its confluence with the estuary, the adjoining areas of the eastern boundary of the project site show occurrence of a few mangroves. Avicennia officinalis (Uppatti), Rhizophora mucronata (Panchikandal) and Acanthus ilicifolius (Chullikkandal) are the true mangroves and Calophyllum inophyllum (Punna), Clerodendrum inerme (Cheru-chinna), Derris trifoliata (Kammattivalli) and Premna serratifolia (Munja) represent mangrove associates.
3.2.6. Socio Economic Environment
According to 2011 census, Government of India, Malappuram district has a population of 4,110,956. This gives it a ranking of 50th in India (out of a total of640).The district has a population density of 1,158 inhabitants per square kilometer (3,000/sq mi). The population growth rate over the decade
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2001-2011 was 13.39%.Malappuram has a sex ratio of 1096femalesfor every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 93.55%.Malappuram has the highest fertility rate in Kerala.
The population of the Purathur village is 31915 which comprises of 15062 males and 16853 females. The literacy rate of the village is 78.41%, which is far below the district average.
Most of the population in this area depends on the sea for their livelihood. Koottayi fishing harbor is just 1.5 km away from the proposed project site. After implementation of the resort, in the long run, there is a possibility to increase the floating population and it will lead to the areas development in terms of small business units and others .In such condition the residing population will get employment opportunities
3.2.7. Solid Waste
The proposed site is within a village setting with predominantly residential belt along the beach side with a few schools and mosques. Being outside the municipal limit, there is no systematic solid waste management system in function in the project location.
The proposed site is devoid of any type of construction. Hence there is no issue of demolition waste being generated at the site. During construction phase, the solid waste generated includes construction debris which will be collected by proper means. During the operation phase solid waste generated will be collected and treated according to the norms and conditions of KSPCB.
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4
IMPACT ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
Any developmental activities invariably bring changes in the ambient setting of the project region which can have positive and negative impact on the environment and community. Sustainable development ensures maximizing the potential benefits of the developmental activity and ensuring that the negative impacts are avoided minimized or mitigated. The positive and negative impacts could be direct, indirect or cumulative, and also the impacts could be long term, or short term and also permanent or temporary by nature. By understanding the environmental setting of the project site and its surroundings and by reviewing the proposed development plan, the probable impacts due to the proposed development can be delineated and appropriate measures shall be proposed to avoid, minimize and mitigate impacts. The activities during the construction and operation phase of the project are critically reviewed to understand the resultant impact due to the same and this section identifies the potential impacts, and suggests the various mitigation measures related to the Ayurvedic Resort.
4.1. Activities during Construction Phase
The various activities during the construction phase include leveling of site, clearing of trees and shrubs, increased vehicular movement for transit of men and material, storage of construction materials, operation of construction machineries, increased influx of labours to the area, construction work includes excavation, filling, foundation works, structural works and finishing works. While the major construction activities are located in the project location, the supportive facilities such as quarry and crusher at areas located offsite where also changes are happening due to proposed project development. Quarried materials will be procured only from licensed quarries and crusher units.
4.2. Activities during Operation Phase
During the operation of the resort, there will be increased influx of visitors to the project area and operation of resort, restaurant, and house boat operation ayurvedic treatment facilities for the inmates.
4.3. Identification of Impacts of Onsite Activities on Various Environmental Attributes
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The probable impacts due to the proposed construction activities on the various environmental attributes for the construction and operation phase of the projects are discussed below.
4.3.1. Land Environment
The proposed site is for Almas Ayurvedic Resort is presently almost a plain land with small undulation with major crop as coconut. No major excavation, filling and leveling the site is required for implementation of the proposed resort. The soil formation is dominated by beach sand with high percolation risk. Drainage pattern of the proposed area would be slightly disturbed during the construction phase; however, proper drainage is planned for operational phase. The resort proposal involves restoration of the trees within the plot to maximum possible. With existing compound wall in place, the construction materials and debris reaching the nearby area is not anticipated.
Onsite Activities
Anticipated impacts during Construction Phase
Top soil will get compacted during the movement of people and machinery, vehicles, throughout construction phase. Site clearance may lead to the soil erosion of the said area and which may pollute the water course existing close by. Storage of construction materials may pollute soil and there by impact the agricultural property at the site due to mixing with concrete, cement construction waste etc. Soil pollution can occur due to spillage of fuel/lubricants used in construction machineries and vehicles during site clearance, cleaning of vehicles/machineries used and also with the mixing of materials used such as paints during the painting process. Mitigation Measures
Top soil up to a depth of 30 cm from building foot print shall be stripped out and stored as heaps with proper geotextile covering. The construction machineries shall be placed only in designated locations and internal movement shall be planned in such a way to limit the movement in non construction areas. Site clearance activities shall be carried out in a non rainy season with disturbing the vegetation only in the areas where construction needs to be initiated. The construction material shall be stored in a specified location with proper covering. It shall be ensured that no construction spoils of any unsuitable material are disposed of offsite or any other place in the project area. Machineries and vehicles shall be properly maintained to avoid fuel leakage. Designated areas shall be arranged for parking and fuelling and cleaning of the construction vehicles such that the spillage if any will not be lead to soil pollution.
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Anticipated Impacts during Operational Phase
During operation phase, waste management if not executed properly shall pollute the land environment; however, this impact is not anticipated since the proposal involves establishing an efficient waste management system in place. The sludge will be used as manure for the landscape.
4.3.2. Water Environment
Construction and operational phases of the project can influence the water environment of the project setting. The water consumption during construction phase is estimated as 8.42 KLD and for operation phase as 35.5 KLD. . Source of water
Water balance estimated for the project for both construction and operation phase is presented in Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2.
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WATER BALANCE STATEMENT FOR ALMAS AYURVEDIC RESORT-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Drinking-0.55 KLD Labour Requirement
4.95 KLD Non Drinking-4.40 KLD Source Total Water Bore well Demand Tube well 8.42 KLD Curing-2.39 KLD Supply from Construction Requirement private parties 3.47 KLD Concreting and finishing-1.08 KLD
Figure 4.1. Water Balance Statement for Construction Phase
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WATER BALANCE STATEMENT FOR ALMAS AYURVEDIC RESORT- OPERATION PHASE
Fresh Water Drinking 19KLD Sewage 16 KLD Sludge and Evaporation 35.5KLD Loss 0.5 KLD
Treated Water – 15.5 KLD
Recycled Water – Irrigation for Landscaping 15.5 KLD 32KLD
Figure 4.2. Water Balance Statement for Operation Phase
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Considering the proposed development plan, increased water demand during the construction phase, pollution of nearby water courses due to soil erosion from the proposed site, disposal of untreated waste water or solid waste in the water body shall lead to pollution of water courses.
Anticipated Impacts during Construction Phase
Meeting the increased water demand for the construction phase from water bodies with competing users can have impact on community especially during drought seasons. During excavation process, surface runoff of the excavated earth will lead to partial or completely filling of water bodies and also to enhance the turbidity of water to unacceptable levels for the intended uses and also to the loss of aquatic flora and fauna. Surface drainage from the temporary material stock yard can lead to pollution of water courses. During site clearance, fuels/lubricants used in site can pollute water courses if the find its way to the water courses Cleaning of construction machineries if carried out near the water courses, can lead to pollution of water courses during site clearance. Disposal of waste or un treated sewage in to the water courses of mixing with the ground water can have impact on ground water and surface water resources of project region. Pollution of common water resources can have impact on the community. Mitigation Measures
It shall be ensured that excavation activities are taken up during non rainy season and the temporary detention pond if necessary shall be provided for the entire construction period for the project site to avoid direct discharge of turbid water to nearby water course. Dumping of waste in the water course shall be completely prohibited. Construction waste generated shall be reused for laying foundation of walkways and roads. Anticipated Impacts during Operation Phase
During the operation phase of the project, water would be required for domestic purpose, landscaping, drinking etc. The water demand for the operation phase is presented in Figure 4.2.
It is proposed to recycle 15.5 KLD of water during operation phase and the recycled water would be utilized for irrigation, flushing etc.
During the operation phase, if water withdrawn from the intake point is more than the replenishable capacity of the resource, significant impact will be resulted for the competing users. Disposal of untreated/partially treated sewage can result in pollution of surface and ground water courses. Mitigation Measures
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As mentioned, it is proposed to recycle 15.5 KLD of water during operation phase, which will cater to 43.6% of daily water demand. Rainwater harvesting is integrated in the project design with a proposed storage capacity the underground tank is 186.5 m3 and the same shall be used for various operational requirements of Resort. Efficiency of operation of Sewage Treatment Plant would be ensured in such a way to ensure that the treated water meets the standard prescribed by KSPCB. Routine checking of outlet quality of the STP shall be made to ensure the treatment capacity to the satisfactory limit. 4.3.3. Air Environment
During the construction phase of the project, the site clearance activities would lead to dust emissions here would be increased traffic in the project area due the man and material transit. Spillage of construction materials such as sand, gravel, earth etc. during transit can lead to dust emission both along the way and at construction site. Material handling at the project site and operation of construction machineries based on petroleum fuels remain are sources of air pollution during construction phase.
Anticipated Impacts during Construction Phase
During site clearance, excavation and leveling can lead to dust generation Loading, unloading and material transit such as aggregates and cements during the site clearance and excavation generates dust. Operation of construction machineries such as excavator, loader, transit vehicles leads to dust emission and pollutants due to fuel burning. The movement of transit vehicles and the spillage during the material transit will lead to dust emission if loose soil is transported without covering Cement handling will give out fugitive emissions for plastering works and ceiling works Mitigation Measures
Considering that the project area is not close of any thickly populated belt and also the soil is sandy by nature, the dust emission would be comparatively less during the construction phase. Considering the magnitude of machineries to be deployed it can be inferred that with sound construction practices such as proper maintenance of machineries and use of standard fuel can control the vehicle related emission to a great extend.
Sprinklers shall be installed in areas of regular vehicular movement and along access of construction site. . While the compound wall will act as the barrier towards spreading of dust from construction activities, temporary sheidling of the project area shall be to a height of 3m out to avoid spreading of dust
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Vehicles transporting all construction materials will be covered en-route. Spill proof packing and containers will be used for the transportation of the fine materials. All vehicles and machineries shall be properly maintained to control air emission. Valid Pollution Under Control Certificate shall be made mandatory for all the construction vehicles and machineries employed. Clean fuel shall be used by the vehicles and machineries to reduce the emission of pollutants. DG set employed in construction phase shall comply with the CPCB norms on air emissions. Solid waste burning shall be strictly prohibited and proper waste management system in place to be ensured. The construction vehicles used shall have facility for tyre washing before leaving the sourcing area and project location so as to avoid material spillage leading to dust emission on the way. Anticipated Impacts during Operation Phase
During the operational phase of project, significant air polluting activities are expected. There is a proposal for a stand by DG set of capacity 250 kVA, which will be operating during power failure. DG set complying with the CPCB guidelines would be installed. Green belt development with tree species of perennial foliage is expected to have positive impacts in the ambient air quality around the site.
4.3.4. Noise Environment
The increased traffic due to operation of vehicles and construction machinery can increase the ambient environmental setting of project region.
Anticipated Noise Impacts during Construction Phase
Operation of excavator, loader, crane and transporting vehicles, loading and unloading of materials, lead to increased ambient noise level During construction, work involving use of concrete mixer and vibrator can lead to increased noise level. Noise pollution due to wood cutting, plaining machine, drilling machine, welding machine, gas cutter / electrical cutter etc. during joinery works Mitigation Measures
All construction activities involving used of machinery shall be carried out during day time only. Servicing of all construction vehicles and machinery shall be done regularly and during routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and Vehicles used for transportation of construction materials at site shall conform to the noise and exhaust emission standards and shall be operated only during non-peak traffic hours..
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Perimeter noise monitoring is recommended during the construction phase. DG set used in construction phase shall capacity with CPCB standard DG set Anticipated Impacts during Operation phase
Considering the project activities during operation phase, there is no major noise emitting activities envisaged. Operation of DG set, pump sets used in RO Plant and STP will have noise emission and the emission levels is not expected have a marginal increase in ambient noise level of project region provided routine maintenance is ensured.
4.3.5. Biological Environment
The project location is dominated by Coconut plantation and common shrubs. The vegetation standing on the foot print of the proposed structures would be cleared .
Anticipated Impacts during Construction Phase
Site clearance can lead to loss of terrestrial and fauna. The top soil transported to the construction site may contain invasive plant species affecting the nearby agricultural lands Contamination of soil or nearby water course if any can lead to impact in terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna during, RCC roofing, column construction, etc. Mitigation measures
The land foot prints of the buildings, roads and parking contributes only 33.5% of total land. However, the landscape up to 50.74% of total land of development is proposed, where native species are proposed. Total number of trees to be felled to clear the foot print is 48. Compensatory plantation shall be carried out with thrice the number of trees felled with inclusion of native species as part of landscape development. Considering that the project form part of agricultural land and doesn’t have any endemic or endangered species involved, the project is not expected to have significant impact on the biological environment. The following mitigation measures shall be done during construction phase.
Site clearance shall be limited to the minimum area and also the existing trees in the site shall be retained as much as possible. Trees that to be transplanted would be shifted to appropriate locations. Construction material shall be properly stored without draining out to the nearby land or water course and there by polluting the said environment. Landscaping by accommodating native species will improve the vegetative cover and add to air shed purification functions. Vegetation planned for landscaping buffers and for aesthetic appeal should be maintained, and a maintenance programme should be established and implemented.
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Along the river side site boundary except for access to the jetty shall be developed with appropriate bio-fencing to maintain continuity with the riparian belt. A green belt herbal garden (medicinal plant conservatory), aesthetically designed lawns, miniature gardens, topiary, etc. shall be developed within the project area in the post establishment phase. Anticipated Impacts during Operation Phase
During the operation phase of resort, the project will not have any significant negative impact on the biological environment.
Of this, 100 trees are end of life and unyielding. Two hundred indigenous trees would be planted as part of landscape and green belt development.
4.3.6. Socio Economic Environment
The construction and operation phase of the project shall positively affect the socio economic setting of the project region. The project would trigger the local economic growth with increased temporary employment during construction. As the project is expected to have high income group visitors from abroad and the local population would get an opportunity to explore the tourism potential of project region through selling of handicrafts, stage shows of traditional art forms, back water tourism, popularizing ethnic food.
During the construction phase, there will be increased traffic operation due to man and material transit. With migrant labours contributing to majority of the construction requirements of State, an interaction of natives with people from a culturally different domain would result in. The essential safety aspects and basic facilities for the labours during the construction phase need to be ensured.
Anticipated Impacts during Construction Phase
Increased dust emission from the construction site will affect the health of local population. Material transit if done during the peak hours can lead to inconvenience to commuters Spillage of materials on its way and transit of materials without covering would lead to dust emission along the transit way and also cause accident risk to the commuters. Improper solid waste management and sanitation facilities for the construction labours will pollute the land and water environment of project region and check unsanitary conditions. Unhealthy solid waste and sanitary management in the construction site can lead to pollution of land, air and water of the project setting leading to conflict between the natives and construction labours. Mitigation Measures
Whenever possible, local laborers will be employed for construction work.
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During construction phase, proper drainage management shall be ensured within the site with changes as appropriate according to the progress of the work so as to avoid draining of soil an construction material to nearby land and water body and there by polluting the environment. Man and material transit shall be scheduled to non peak hours to avoid inconvenience to the commuters. Construction activities shall be planned in such a way to avoid simultaneous operation of noisy machineries. No noisy construction shall be executed during night hours (10.00 PM – 6.00 AM) The work forces would be accommodated offsite. Basic facilities or the labours shall be ensured with provision of clean drinking water, quality food and adequate number of decentralized latrines and urinals for use during working hours. An adequate solid waste management system in place with segregation and collection of waste and handling the same through recycling or treatment and disposal. Labours shall be provided with Personnel Protective Equipments (PPEs) such as hard hats, safety goggles, face shields, masks, ear plug/ear muff, gloves, safety belt, boots, etc. It shall be ensured that the labours are wearing the necessary PPEs during the construction phase. Electrical connections shall be routinely checked and maintained to avoid short circuits. Flammable materials (if any) shall be stored with clear indication on its characteristics through Material Safety Data Sheet. Guarding all parts of dangerous machinery Maintaining hoists and lifts, lifting machines, chainages, ropes, and other lifting tackles in good condition to avoid accident risks. First aid facilities shall be set up in the construction site with people provided with essential training. Anticipated Impacts during Operation Phase
There will be increased influx of visitors into the project region for occupying in the resort. The local economic growth can be triggered due to increased business opportunities with commercial establishments and exploring the tourism potential of project region with back water tourism, cultural exchanges through traditional art forms, selling of handicrafts, stage shows of traditional art forms, back water based tourism, popularizing ethnic food varieties etc.
4.3.7. Solid Waste Management
As presented in Table 4.1 below.
Table 4.1. Proposed Solid Waste Handling Plan for Construction and Operation Phases Item Mode of Handling A. At Project Site Construction Debris such as cement, Shall be used for leveling of walkways and brick, concrete, cut pieces etc. landscape areas.
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Biodegradable waste such as food waste Shall be collected and processed in the biogas plant. Paper, plastic, cartons etc. Shall be recycled. B. Garbage Biodegradable waste Shall be collected and processed in the biogas plant. Paper, plastic, clothes, bottles etc. Shall be recycled.
Site clearance generates waste including pieces of trees, rags such as paper/glass etc, which were present in site There is no surplus earth on site Surplus concrete has to be chiselled and disposed off properly during construction of column, RCC Roofing. These will be used in laying foundation of walk way. Wood dust/pieces/glass pieces / Aluminium fabrication pieces would be generated during the joinery works. Waste materials will be generated as part of plastering works and ceiling works. If false ceiling is done, waste pieces of thermo coal, gypsum, PVC etc. will be generated as waste materials The manure generated from the STP has to be utilized for soil conditioning /disposed off suitably during the operation of STP- Waste will be generated during quarrying which could not be used for the construction purpose. It shall be insisted that material should be procured only form environmental responsible sides and organizations 4.4. Identification of Impacts of Offsite Activities
Being a building project with limited construction activities, the project doesn’t warrant establishment of an independent quarry of crusher. The offsite environmental management for the quarry and crusher shall be regulated by the concerned authorities through necessary statutory clearances. However, the following aspects shall be complied in quarries, crushers and earth sourcing areas for better environmental management in offsite activities.
Anticipated impacts during Construction Phase
There is no borrow soil requirement, hence offsite impact from borrow soil mining will not occur. During the storage of explosives for quarrying, if explosives get mixed with the surface run off or mixed with water courses, the receiving water bodies will get contaminated During the operation of crusher, growth of plants will be restricted due to dust accumulation along the leaves (offsite) Dust emission from the borrow areas, quarry and crusher and material spillage enroute can lead to pollution of land parcels, dust disturbance to the public and increasing the accident risk in roads.
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Labours employed in the Quarry and Crusher units are exposed to high risk with explosives and Haul roads shall be selected in such a way that the busiest corridors are avoided and the haul roads should be maintained to avoid travel discomfort to the public. Borrow areas and quarries pose accident risk for human and animals. Mitigation Measures
No borrow soil is required except for making pottery mixture for nursery. Procurement of potting mixture would be sub contracted. Material transit should be in properly sealed vehicles and covered to avoid spillage of construction materials along the way affecting the land parcels enroute. All machineries and construction vehicles used shall have valid Pollution Under Control (PUC) Certificate.
Table 4.2. Environmental Factors Affected and Outcome of the Proposed Project Site Sl Environmental factors Outcome no : 1 Sensitive areas, natural habitats, Around the 15 km radius of the project boundary, there is other state declared sensitive no such sensitive area like Wildlife Sanctuary, National areas park, Biosphere reserve. 2 Change in land use and drainage The project involves the construction of buildings without pattern much change in the land use. The proposed buildings do not alter the drainage pattern of the area. 3 Inadequate sanitation, safety and Proper sanitation facilities are provided during construction health issues and operation phases. There will be no such inadequate sanitation issue. Besides, the project proposes STP for the treatment of liquid waste generated during the operation phase. 4 Impact on river water quality The project does not involve any such continuous process which would have chance to deteriorate river water quality. 5 Impact on Environmental There will be no impact on the environmental aesthetic due aesthetics to the proposed activities and buildings. The proposed project is an Ayurvedic Resort which does not disturb the natural beauty of the site. Beside, the project proposes landscape with indigenous flora which will enhance the aesthetic beauty of the site. The visual quality of the site will be enhanced through systematic planting and landscaping 6 Impact on natural habitat As the project comes under the purview of CRZ, the buildings and activities are proposed at a setback distance from the river. Hence there will be no impact on natural habitat. 7 Loss of livelihood As such the project does not affect any livelihood. In fact it will open the occupational chances of the local people, which will enhance the chance for more livelihoods near the project site. The project is envisaged to have a range of positive environmental impact and social impacts.
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ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
During the construction period, the best management practices will be adopted which emphasis reduction of water and energy conservation. Besides, the construction materials available locally will be purchased from the local market.
Water demand during the construction will be reduced by use of pre-mixed concrete, curing agents and other best practices will be followed. Also, fixture of showers, toilet flushing and drinking should be of low either by use of aerators of pressure reducing devices or sensor based control.
Energy conservation is the other method adopted during the construction. Use of glass may be reduced by up to 40% to reduce the electricity consumption and load on air conditioning. If necessary, high quality double glass with special reflecting coating in windows will be used. Opaque wall will be meeting the perspective requirement as per Energy Conservation Building Code which is proposed to be mandatory for all air conditioned spaces while it is aspirational for non-air conditioned spaces by use of appropriate thermal insulation material to fulfill requirement.
Besides, the project has provision for Rain Water Harvest which reduces the usage of ground water and surface water during the operation phase. The project aims to achieve a GRIHA Rating of three stars for the project.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
With proper implementation of the various mitigation measures as proposed in EMP, the environmental setting of the project area could be developed in a sustainable manner. It is required that the critical environmental attributes which are indicative of environmental performance of the project should be periodically monitored and analyzed during the construction and operation stages of the project. Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) for each of the environmental components specifies the technical aspects of monitoring like locations of monitoring; frequency of monitoring and duration, sampling method, parameters to be monitored, and standards to be monitored in analyzing. The monitoring plan also specifies the applicable standards, and implementation and supervising responsibilities. The environmental monitoring plan is presented in Table 6.1.
Table 6.1. Environmental Monitoring Plan Air Quality Monitoring Project stage Construction Stage Parameter PM10, PM 2.5, SO2, NOx, CO Sampling Method High volume air sampler to be located 50 m from the source of pollution in the downwind direction. Method specified by CPCB for analysis shall be followed. Standards Revised National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) Standards set by CPCB Frequency Once in every season for three seasons (except monsoon) per year for every year of construction. Once in a year for the initial 3 years of operation phase. Duration Continuous 24 hours / or for 1 full working day Locations One location within the project location with two locations outside the periphery along the predominant wind direction near sensitive areas during construction phase.
One location within the project site with two locations outside the periphery along the predominant wind direction near sensitive areas during operation phase. Measures Wherever air pollution parameters increase above specified standards, the root cause analysis has to be carried out appropriate additional measures shall be carried out to avoid exceeding the standard. Implementation Project Implementation Team through NABL Approved Laboratories Supervision Environmental Management Cell for the Project Water quality Monitoring Project stage Construction and Operation stage
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Parameter pH, Colour (Hazen), Temperature(°C), Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm), Turbidity (NTU), Total Solids (mg/l), Suspended Solids (mg/l), Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l), Dissolved oxygen (mg/l), BOD (mg/l), COD (mg/l), Alkalinity as CaCO3 (mg/l), Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l), Chlorides (mg/l), Fluorides (mg/l), Sodium (mg/l), Potassium (mg/l), Calcium (mg/l), Magnesium (mg/l), Sulphates (mg/l), Nitrates (mg/l), Nitrites (mg/l), Total Nitrogen (mg/l), Phosphates (mg/l), Phenols (mg/l), Iron as Fe (mg/l), Mercury (mg/l), Zinc (mg/l), Copper (mg/l), Nickel (mg/l), Cadmium (mg/l), Chromium (mg/l), Manganese (mg/l), Lead (mg/l), Oil and Grease (mg/l), Total Coliform (MPN/100ml), Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml). Sampling Method Grab sample collected and analysis as per Standard Methods for Examination of water and Waste water Standards Indian standards for Inland Surface Water (IS; 2296, 1982) and for Drinking water (IS; 10500,1991) Frequency Once in a season (except monsoon season) during the entire Construction period for surface and ground water samples. Once in a season (except monsoon seasons) during the entire Operation period for ground water sample and outlet of STP and WTP Duration One-time grab sampling Location Three samples, one up stream and one downstream and one near the project location drainage pattern to Tirur Puzha and one sample from the existing well within the premises during construction phase.
One sample from the existing well within the premises, outlet of STP and WTP for the initial 3 years of operation phase. Measures At locations of increased water pollution towards downstream, all inflow channels shall be checked and adequate pre treatment measures shall be installed to control pollution input in to the water body. Implementation Project Implementation Team through NABL Approved Laboratories Supervision Environmental Management Cell for the Project Noise Level Monitoring Project stage Construction and Operation stages Parameter Noise level on dB (A) scale Sampling Method Measure equivalent noise levels using an integrated noise level meter kept at a distance of 15m from edge of the pavement Standards Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 Frequency Once in every seasons (except monsoon) for each year of construction. Duration Reading to be taken at 15 seconds interval for 15 minutes every hour for 24 hours and then average will be taken. Location One location within the project site and second location near the nearest human settlement during construction phase. Measures In case of noise levels causing disturbance to the sensitive receptors, management measures as suggested in the EMP shall be carried out. Implementation Project Implementation Team through NABL Approved Laboratories Supervision Environmental Management Cell for the Project Soil Quality Monitoring Project stage Construction Parameter Monitoring of Colour, texture, water holding capacity, pH, Potassium, Sodium, Cation exchange capacity Sampling Method Sample of soil collected to be acidified and analyzed using absorption spectrophotometer Standards Threshold for each contaminant set by IRIS database of USEPA until national standards are promulgated Frequency During the pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons in each year for the entire
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construction period Duration One-time grab sampling Location One location within the project site along the modified contour pattern of project site towards slope. Measures At location of increased pollution levels, source shall be identified and measures shall be taken to control the pollution. Implementation Project Implementation Team through NABL Approved Laboratories Supervision Environmental Management Cell for the Project 6.1. Block Cost Estimate for Implementing EMP
The proposed environmental monitoring programme and cost involved for the same is as presented in Table 6.2.below.
Table 6.2. Cost Estimate of Implementing Environmental Monitoring for Construction and Initial Three Years of Operation Sl.No Environmental Parameters to be Frequency of No of Cost (Rs) Attributes Analysed Monitoring Locations
Construction Phase – 2 Years 1 Ambient Air PM10 (µg/m3), PM 2.5 Once in every 3 1,94,400.00 Quality (µg/m3), season for three Monitoring seasons (except monsoon) per year for every year of construction. SO2 (µg/m3), NOX Once in every 3 1,45,800.00 (µg/m3), CO (mg/m3) season for three seasons (except monsoon) per year for every year of construction. 2 Ground water pH, temperature, Once in a season 1 48,600.00 Quality turbidity, magnesium (except monsoon Monitoring hardness, total season) during the alkalinity, chloride, entire Construction sulphate, nitrate, period for surface fluoride, sodium, and ground water potassium, salinity, total samples. nitrogen , total phosphorous, DO, BOD, Surface water COD, Heavy metals 3 1,45,800.00 quality [Silver, Selenium, Monitoring Arsenic, Mercury, Zinc, Copper, Nickel, Cadmium, Chromium, Manganese, Lead], Total coliforms, faecal coliforms, phytoplankton 3 Ambient Noise Noise Level (dB) in Once in every 2 1,14,000.00 Level L10, L50, L90, Leq, seasons (except Monitoring Leqday, Leqnight, monsoon) for each
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Sl.No Environmental Parameters to be Frequency of No of Cost (Rs) Attributes Analysed Monitoring Locations Leqdn year of construction 4 Soil quality Texture - Sand (%), Silt During the pre 1 36,000.00 monitoring (%), Clay (%), Soil monsoon and post Type, Colour, Moisture monsoon seasons in Content (%), Electrical each year for the Conductivity (1:5 Soil entire construction Extract) (mmhos/cm), period pH, Organic Carbon (mg/100gm), Nitrogen as N (mg/100gm), Phosphorus as P (mg/100gm), Chlorides (mg/100gm), Sodium (mg/100gm), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Bulk Density (g/cm3), Water Holding Capacity (%) , Infiltration (cm/hr), Cation Exchange Capacity (meq/100gm), Cadmium as Cd (mg/kg), Chromium as Cr (mg/kg), Copper as Cu (mg/kg), Iron as Fe (mg/kg), Manganese as Mn (mg/kg), Lead as Pb (mg/kg), Zinc as Zn (mg/kg), Nickel as Ni (mg/kg). 5 Mobilization Charges - Lumpsum 21,000.00 Total Cost for Construction Period of 2 Years 7,05,600.00 1 Ambient Air PM10 (µg/m3), PM 2.5 Once in a year for 3 97,200.00 Quality (µg/m3), the initial 3 years of Monitoring operation phase. 3 SO2 (µg/m ), NOX Once in a year for 3 72,900.00 (µg/m3), CO (mg/m3) the initial 3 years of operation phase. 2. Ground Water pH, temperature, Once in a season 1 72,900.00 Quality turbidity, magnesium (except monsoon Monitoring hardness, total seasons) during the alkalinity, chloride, initial 3 years of sulphate, nitrate, operation phase. fluoride, sodium, potassium, salinity, total nitrogen , total phosphorous, DO, BOD, COD, Heavy metals [Silver, Selenium, Arsenic, Mercury, Zinc, Copper, Nickel,
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Sl.No Environmental Parameters to be Frequency of No of Cost (Rs) Attributes Analysed Monitoring Locations Cadmium, Chromium, Manganese, Lead], Total coliforms, faecal coliforms, phytoplankton Outlet of STP Once in a season 2 1,45,800.00 and WTP 3. Mobilization Charges - Lumpsum 21,000.00 Total Cost for Initial 3 Years of Operation Phase 409800.00
The block estimate for the implementation of EMP for the construction period of 2 years and operation period of 3 years is as presented in the Table 6.3below.
Table 6.3. Block Cost Estimate for Implementing EMP Item Assumptions Cost in Rs. Construction Phase - 2 Years Environmental Monitoring 7,05,600.00 Dust Suppression 2,92,000.00 Total cost 9,97,600.00 Operation Phase – Initial 3 years Environmental Monitoring 409800.00
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ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7.1. Introduction
A disaster is a sudden, calamitous phenomenon that can cause damage to life and property and destroy the economic, social and cultural life of people. Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins. Disaster management is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding both natural and manmade disasters. It involves preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.
As the proposed resort will serve as the location for holidaying mostly, foreigners from Middle East countries a risk assessment for the operation stage and preparation of a disaster management plan is essential. This chapter covers the risk assessment, disaster management plan along with natural resource conservation plan. As the project does not involve any resettlement and rehabilitation of people, the resettlement and rehabilitation plan is excluded from the scope of the studies.
7.2. Disaster Management Plan in India
National Disaster Management Act (NDMA), came in to force on 23rd December 2005 envisages disaster preparedness facilities at national level, state level, district level and local level to combat on emergencies with designated members responsible with institutions having the flexibility to design their own plan based on the availability of manpower and operational pattern.
State Disaster Management Authority shall function as the apex decision-making body and facilitate, co-ordinate, review and monitor all disaster related activities in the state including capacity building. The Authority shall lay down the State Disaster Management policy and guidelines to be followed by the government departments and approve the State Disaster Management Plan and Departmental plans. The Authority shall be provided with statutory powers to facilitate, coordinate and monitor the activities related to disaster management utilizing the resources and expertise of relevant Government departments, district administration, local authorities, non-governmental organizations, the public sector, international development agencies, donors and the community. It shall also exercise the powers and functions as laid down in the national Disaster Management Act, 2005 and in the notification of Kerala State Disaster Management Authority vide G.O (p) No. 154/2007/DMD.
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The State Government, by notification, has established and constituted District Disaster Management Authorities in all fourteen districts as per the provisions of National Disaster Management Act, 2005. The District Authority shall act as the district planning; coordinating and implementing body for disaster management and take all measures for the purposes of disaster management in the district in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the National Authority and the State Authority.
The State Government will ensure an appropriate chain of command whereby the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority at the State level and District Disaster Management Authorities headed by District Collectors at the district level are empowered to coordinate disaster management activities and mobilize resources of all relevant Departments at their level. Similar institutional arrangements fixing responsibilities, administrative mechanism and procedures shall also be made down line at Taluk and Village levels.
The Department of Revenue and Disaster Management will be the nodal department for management of all types of natural disasters that include water and climate related disasters and geological disasters. The scope of Department of Revenue has been enhanced to include prevention, mitigation and preparedness aspects of Disaster
Management apart from its traditional responsibility of relief and rehabilitation and renamed as Department of Revenue and Disaster Management. The Principal Secretary to government will act as the State Relief Commissioner. The organizational structure of the Department dealing with disaster management will be so tailored as to reflect the change in focus from post-disaster relief and rehabilitation to prevention, mitigation and preparedness in addition to relief and rehabilitation.
The Department of Home shall be the nodal department for management of manmade and human induced disasters including air and rail accidents. The Department of Public Health shall be the nodal department for chemical, biological (health related), radiological and nuclear disasters. The Factories and Broilers Department shall be the nodal department for industrial accidents and the department shall work in tandem with Industries Department in the event of a disaster. While Agricultural Department deals with pest attacks; cattle epidemics shall be handled by Animal Husbandry Department. Irrigation and Public Works Departments shall be the lead agencies for disasters related to dam bursts and major building collapse respectively. Forest Department shall be the nodal department for disasters like forest fire.
A well-coordinated and unified response of various state departments and agencies appropriate to the proportion and demand of the crisis situation will be ensured by the state government to improve the process of recovery through rapid dissemination of information, quick response and effective decision making. An institutional mechanism distinguished as ‘Crisis Management Group’ under the
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87 REIA Report for Almas Ayurvedic Resort, Purathur chairmanship of Chief Secretary with representatives of Department of Home including Police, Department of Revenue and Disaster Management and Department of Health will function at the state level as a nerve center to support, coordinate and monitor crisis management activities related to natural disasters, manmade / accident related disasters and chemical / biological / radiological / nuclear disasters. Accordingly, ‘Crisis Management Plans’ that clearly define response roles and responsibilities of government agencies, facilitate communication across agencies, specify protocols and procedures, and detail actions to be taken by government departments shall be prepared and made operational by the state government. As and when a grave crisis situation develops, the District Collector as Chairman of ‘District Crisis Management Committee’ will send the ‘first information’ to the state level ‘Crisis Management Group’.
At the institutional level, the disaster management plan proposed for Almas Resort is presented below.
7.3. Disaster Management for Almas
The disaster management policy statement for Almas Resort is as presented below.
Almas resort is committed for ensuring a comfortable, relaxing and safe holidaying in the resort for which all necessary safety aspects have been integrated in the design and operation of resort. This disaster management plan identifies the possible risks, the safety aspects integrated and which will be periodically reviewed and updated for ensuring the safety and satisfaction of the customer.
7.3.1. Risk Assessment
Considering the location of the resort, activities to come up in the operation phase, the possible disasters could be mainly of two types – natural and manmade. The most probable disasters are briefed below.
Natural Disasters
Flood Earthquake Cyclone Storm Landslides Volcanic eruptions Lightning
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Tsunami Manmade Disasters
Fire
o Fire due to short circuit o Fire due to gas or oil leakage o Fire due to improper handling/storage o Fire due to human activity Explosion Terrorist attack Wars, Riots Accidents
From the analysis of the various natural disasters, flooding of the project area may be expected due towards the river side due to heavy rainfall since in proximity to the river existing along the boundary of the proposed project site. As the structures are designed with the maximum flood probability for the 100 years, any impact on the proposed structures are considerably reduced.
As per the National Earthquake Zonation Map, Kerala state falls under Zone III. Though the area does not fall where there is most probability of occurrence of earth quake, it is required that all the structures constructed should be able to withstand the probability if any. Incorporating the input of the relevant Indian standard IS: 1893:2002 - criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures shall be incorporated to reduce the impact on structures and related damages due to earth quake.
Considering the historical profile as well as the location specificity, the area is not likely to be affected by storm and cyclone, volcanic eruption, and landslides.
Fire related risks due to short circuit, gas leakage, improper handling/storage; human activities etc. are high for resorts. A proper fire fighting system shall be in place with regular mock drills done for ensuring that the system can function as per the requirement.
7.3.2. Objective of Disaster Management Plan
The objectives of the Disaster Management Plan (DMP) id to maximize human safety and survival, preserve property, minimize danger and restore normal activities. In case of disaster in the various categories the concerned departments/officials should be intimated immediately so as to put them into action. Since they are already authorized to involve incase of such a disaster as per the Kerala disaster
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7.3.3. Various Stakeholders in Disaster Management
The various stakeholders who are part of any disaster management are presented below and the general profile of the actions and the responsible officers from the statutory bodies are presented in Table 7.1.
Kerala State Disaster Management Authority State and Central Government departments District Disaster Management Authorities Local authorities including Municipal Corporations/Municipalities, District/block/Grama Panchayaths, taluk/village officers etc,. Voluntary and civil society organizations Red Cross, multinational aid agencies and UN agencies Community-village disaster management committees, task forces Public sector undertakings Private sector undertakings Army, navy, air force, coast guard, airport authority, national disaster response force etc. Table 7.1. Actions during Disaster Management and Responsible Statutory Authority Action points Responsible Statutory Authority Evacuation of people Army, Police, Civil Defence, Fire Brigade, and Linkage Team Recovery of dead bodies and their disposal Police, Civil Defence and Linkage Team Medical care for the injured District Medical and Health Officer Supply of food and water and restoration of Executive Engineer, Water Authority, Deputy water supply lines Director of Supply and Relief Team Restoring lines of communication and Communication, District Information Officer. information Quick assessment of damage and demarcation Emergency Operating Centre, PWD and Block of damaged areas according to grade of damage Development Officer concerned Cordoning off severely damaged structures Police, Fire Brigade, Home guards liable to collapse during aftershocks
7.3.4. Institutional Responsibility
An Emergency Response Centre (ERC) should be maintained and put in action within the Resort which would co-ordinate with various state departments to ensure planning, response and recovery. As the owner, M/s. Almas shall be responsible for
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Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation of disaster management practices. Review, adoption of appropriate laws, rules, codes and other measures to increase disaster management at all levels Incorporating disaster management aspects in normal developmental activities Provide financial assistance Building of Inventories Gathering support from Government / other departments to train department officials from the State Headquarters and districts, members from the community and other stakeholders through a participatory approach Documentation of incident records, lessons learnt etc. To maintain Support in Relief and rescue operation. 7.3.5. Institutional Arrangements
Institutional arrangements for an emergency management include pre-disaster preparedness, during disaster and post disaster management.
7.3.5.1. Pre-Disaster Preparedness
Pre-disaster preparedness include disaster preventive measures related with setting up of the resort with design and construction of all buildings as per the approved national and international code of practice and ensuring that the routine maintenance requirements are complied in all respects for the same. Incorporation of adequate access ways/walk ways for the movement of equipment and personnel’s, preparation of adequate number of escape route plan and providing escape routes to ensure evacuation within the shortest span of time, pre planning of assembly points at the event of any emergency, training of the inmates for dos as don’ts during an emergency and safe evacuation practices, ensuring routine mock drill operations etc. would be an important step towards controlling the damage due to any disaster. The project is incorporated with escape routes, emergency alarm, a dedicated fire fighting facilities and common assembly point has been fixed at the parking lot of the resort and the details are presented in Figure 7.1, 7.2 7.3.etc.
Provision of an exit at the back side of the resort shall be provided as an additional escape route, which could be operational only during an emergency and employees within the resort, shall be familiarized with the disaster management procedures during their induction period of employment itself. Considering the floating population visiting the resort, it shall be made mandatory by M/s. Almas that the information on the disaster management aspects are duly shared with the inmates preferably in their individual rooms in the language familiar to them with clear display of escape routes and guidance for safe exit.A centralized facility with regular record on the number of inmates including the employees at any time within the resort with visitors’ details with emergency contact
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For better preparedness, the administrative office as well as the parent organization running the resort shall have an updated ready to reference record on the number of people within the resort with essential details of site layout, building layout with details of equipments, storage details for raw materials especially the inflammable chemicals, details on the man, machinery, details of fixed and movable assets, including the flexibility for its mobility, storage of solid/liquid waste etc .in place which will ease the priority of protection in the event of any emergency. This may help in saving the very important machineries as well as avoiding contamination of chemicals with the soil/nearest water body. A list of emergency contact numbers shall be kept ready to refer while dealing with any emergency.
An in house arrangement for managing any disaster shall be set by M/s. Almas as part of the project. The essential institutional arrangements need to be made is to set up Emergency Control Room and ensuring that the Emergency Management Team is available throughout the shift.
7.3.5.2. Emergency Management System during Disaster
Emergency Control Room
Emergency control room activates in case of an emergency to direct and co ordinate the operation to handle emergency. The control room shall have well trained personal and facilities for communication, co ordination etc. The following facility shall be made mandatory for the ECR.
Site Plan showing all emergency exits, fire escapes, assembly point, sources of safety equipments External & Internal telephone connections. List of Key persons and their addresses, and essential telephone numbers displayed on board. Operating point for public addressing systems Loud speaker Torches Alarm Systems
In case of an emergency, the first step to be initiated by the ECR is to disseminate information by blowing siren or signal for the company people as well as for the outside people of the campus.
Emergency Management Team (EMT)
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The Emergency Management Team shall be constituted as per the structure presented below to combat on emergencies. A 3 tier team shall be maintained for the resort with trained manpower as presented in Figure 7.1. On an incident reporting Site Incident Manager has to primarily investigate the situation and appraise to Works Main Controller. Works Main Controller will be the overall responsible officer for assessing and declaring an emergency, analyzing the progress of combat operation and also to ensure availing the services of various stakeholders involved. Site Incident Manager would be directly in touch with the operation team and would facilitate their operation, closely monitor the progress and report the same to Works Main Controller. The operation teams consisting of Combat Team, Rescue Team and Auxiliary Team would be dealt with actual operation in site and SIC and WMC would be supporting the operation team with appropriate input, decision and ensuring that the services of various stakeholders involved are availed for combating with the situation.
Works Main Controller
Site Incident Controller
Combat Team Rescue Team Auxiliary Team
Figure 7.1. Structure of Emergency Management Team
During an emergency, the whole team would be put in to action and the general responsibility allocation within the emergency management team is presented in Figure 7.2.below. The Emergency Management Team proposed for the resort is presented in Table 7.1
Table 7.1. Proposed Emergency Management Team for Almas Resort Sl.No Proposed Position Details of Personnel 1. Works Main Controller Dr Ahmed Kabeer , Chairman, Almas Ayurvedic Resorts Limited 2. Site Incident Controller Resort Administrator 3. Combat team leader Resort Manager 4. Rescue Team leader Resort Security Officer 5. Auxiliary Team leader Public Relations Officer
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Note: The team leaders of combat team, rescue team and auxiliary team would be supported with adequate number of members for the operation during an emergency.
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Incident Reporting Assess Situation Appraise WMC Analyse Situation Declare Emergency (Any source)
Updates to WMC
Utilise trained persons on duty Evacuate Non Essential Blow Siren Person to Assembly Point
Controlling emergency for External arresting leakage/fire and provide Head Count Communication first aid for combating
Facilitate Conveyance Support for Identifying safe and Coordination of Attend emergency route for fire fighting, stakeholder repair/installation of pumps and ambulance, medical team involvement other supportive equipments etc Communication with Relatives Take measures to minimise Engage Medical Team for damages through segregation, Arrange for sending covering, salvaging, diverting fire causalities and etc. occupants to hospitals/residences Shifting of causalities and Technical Support for regulatory occupants from site authorities for their operation
Figure 7.2. Responsibility Allocation within EMT during Emergency
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The emergency contact list to be maintained by the resort is presented in Table 7.2.
Table 7.2. Emergency Contact List to be maintained by Resort Sr. No. Contact Point Internal Contact Numbers 1. Dr. Ahmed Kabeer, Chairman 2. Almas Hospital, Changuvetty, Kottakkal 3. Resort Administrator 4. Resort Manager 5. Employees External Contact Numbers 1. District Administration District Collector Thahasildar Village Officer Tirur Municipality Corporation District Panchayath Block Panchayath Grama Panchayath 2. Fire Services Chief Fire Officer of nearby stations 3. Police Police Commissioner 4. Medical Facilities All government hospitals/private and clinics community health centers, primary health centres etc. Ambulance Services Blood bank facilities 5. State Electricity Board Office 6. Fisheries department Fisherman association/societies 7. Transport Services Road Transport Officer, Tirur KSRTC Station, Tirur Private Bus Stand Tirur Ponnani Port 8. District Public Relations Officer 9. District Agriculture Officer 10. Educational institutes for acting as shelter All schools and colleges, play schools etc 11. Press media for information dissemination Doordarshan All India Radio Mathrubhumi Daily Malayala Manorama Daily Times of India The Hindu Asianet
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Sr. No. Contact Point Reporter Indiavision Amrutha Jeevan Kairali Surya
7.3.5.3. Post Disaster Management.
Damage Assessment and Estimation of Funds
A detailed assessment must be conducted before commencing rehabilitation and reconstruction activities. Project proponent along with the officials from statutory authorities should undertake detailed assessments at their respective level for damages sustained. Based on detailed damage assessment, it is required to finalize estimation of funds required and fund generation mechanisms. Assistance from national and international organizations shall also be sought, if required.
7.3.6. Plan update and Review
This disaster management plan shall be reviewed once in a year and shall be updated as per the operational requirements.
7.3.7. Training & Drills
The key personnel to act on emergencies shall be provided with basis training for handling any emergency. Mock drill exercises shall be done once in a month (10.00 AM – 11.30 AM on 4thSaturday) to ensure that the employees and inmates are aware of the measures to be undertaken during an emergency
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PROJECT BENEFITS
Kerala regarded as “gods own country” with its natural beauty being the trademark for the tourism attraction has been included in the list of the ten must-see destinations by the National Geographic Traveler. The proposed resort is planned in a location where the natural beauty is blessed with backwater and beach in close proximity. Being a relatively undisturbed landscape with only without having residential areas in close proximity to the proposed location, the resort will provide a perfect calm holidaying location for people.
While providing the ayurvedic rejuvenation support in the resort, the proposed project of Almas Ayurvedic Resort can boost the possibilities of medical tourism in the state. Ayurveda which is the part of Indian culture will get a good exposure from this proposed project. Ayurvedic resorts have become popular destinations for relaxation and rejuvenation in India. The Almas Ayurveda presently has their hospital in Kottakkal which clearly describes their experience in the field of Ayurvedic treatment. The resort thus offers its visitors quality service for rejuvenation while holidaying.
As the project is proposed to be developed by maintaining 72% of total land without permanent construction, the resort will attract its visitors with a feeling of “living with nature”. The backwater tourism potential of the project location gives an excellent opportunity for the visitors to enjoy the serene beauty of the village and landscape of the state.
The proposed project of Almas Ayurvedic Resort has benefits in various ways.
Tourism Development: Almas is expecting more visitors from Middle East Countries as guests in their resort. The project would attract visitors due to the calm environment surrounding being in the village setting with proximity to sea shore as well as back water, proximity to ferry operation along at Ponnani and Purathur Padinjarekkara-Azhimukham Beach at about 3.5 km from the proposed site would attract its visitors.
Promotion to Medical Tourism: Kerala government is already on a move to promote the medical tourism potential of the state through being the facility integrates the rejuvenation for its inmates in an Ayurvedic support; the project will promote the medical tourism sector for the state.
Regional Development: The project activities would support employment generation during the construction and operation phase of the project. Since the visitors would be of predominantly from
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.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Considering the extend of construction proposed and the activities during the operation phase of the project, it was understood that by a careful planning and execution of the construction activities and following the widely adopted good practices, the negative impacts of the construction projects could be far outweighed with the positive impacts. The likely adverse environmental impacts during the construction phase of the project will degradation of soil, soil erosion, pollution due to improper disposal of excavated materials and construction waste; spillage of oil and other substances from the construction equipment and vehicles during the construction; pollution of water resources and soil by construction run- offs; temporary air pollution related to increased traffic during the construction, release of dust from digging-loading works and heavy machinery operation; noise and vibration disturbances; safety hazards during implementation of construction works. The likely adverse environmental impacts during the operation phase include waste disposal issues associated with improper categorization and utilization/disposal of waste generated from the restaurant and utility rooms of the proposed resort and sewage treatment aspects.
The long term positive socio economic impact of the operation of a new Ayurvedic Resort with five star facilities in Purathur is expected to be significant, since the project provide employment opportunities to the local and such a facility will enhance the local development of the area in terms of revenue and income. This type of resort will increase the chance of foreign income
The project is not expected to have any significant or irreversible negative environmental impacts neither at the construction, nor at operation phases. Impacts of the construction phase will be typical for all medium scale construction activities, short-term and limited to the project sites. In this case care has to be taken as the site shares its boundary with the Tirur-Ponnani River. The construction material, debris or anything must not pollute the river and its flora and fauna and the natural beauty. Control of dust and noise becomes crucial during construction phase.
The management measures to mitigate the impacts during the construction & operation phase have been presented in the foregoing section. During both phases the management will involve segregated
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100 REIA Report for Almas Ayurvedic Resort, Purathur collection, storage minimizing open/ ground level dumping. on/off-site reuse, recycle, treatment and final disposal. Most of the construction waste can be reused and recycled.
Air & noise pollution are the adverse impacts mainly during construction Phase. Dust suppression measures will be done aimed at prevention of air pollution through watering of access roads and construction site. During construction, air pollution levels will be increased mostly by machine operations for earthwork and construction. The main pollutants caused by these operations include exhaust gases emitted by machines and dust caused by the earthwork. Regular sprinkling of water during construction works will depress the dust, thus reducing impact on workers. Additional measures planned to maintain air quality include locating concrete mixing plant and stockpiles in isolated area, as well as confining working vehicles to designated routes only following the established schedule. Trucks loaded with loose construction materials (such as gravel, sand, soil, etc.) shall be covered to minimize dust emissions during transportation. Vehicles and machinery should be fitted with effective exhaust silencers and maintained in good and efficient working order. Machinery in intermittent use should be shut down or throttled down to a minimum when not in use.
Operational phase generates solid waste. The recyclable and reusable portion of the waste could be separated and processed and the biodegradable waste shall be processed in the biogas plant and the fuel shall be utilized for the operation of restaurant.
The predicted environmental impact during both phases, suggested mitigation measures are summarized in Table 9.1.
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Table 9.1. Environmental Management Plan Sl Activity Environmental Potential Impact Management Measures Implementing Monitoring No: Attributes Agency Agency I Pre-construction Phase 1. Land Land As there is no land acquisition No management measures Acquisition Water proposed for this project, there are needed. Air no impacts envisaged. Noise Biological Socio-Economic Solid waste Management Geology 2. Soil Land Investigation- Water Liquid/mud contamination Collect liquid mud in pits allow Project Almas Bore Hole setting and preventing direct Consultants/ Management contamination of water body Contractors Air Temporary/low – air pollution due Screening the area , sprinkling to dust /airborne litter water to minimize dust generation Noise noise due to drilling Use well maintained drilling equipments , Biological Socio-Economic Solid waste Management Geology Partial compaction of the top Very insignificant that no sandy soil layer management measure is needed II. Construction Phase II A. Onsite Activities 3. Site Clearance Land Top soil gets compacted with the Top soil needs to be stripped out Project Almas movement of vehicles, man and and preserved in heaps under Consultants/ Management machineries. cover which is to be restored Contractors back to the areas proposed for
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Sl Activity Environmental Potential Impact Management Measures Implementing Monitoring No: Attributes Agency Agency green belt and landscaping. Soil pollution can occur due to Proper maintenance of vehicles spillage of fuel/lubricants used in and construction machineries construction machineries and should be done. vehicles. The construction machineries and vehicles should be inspected periodically for the detection of leaks and spillages. The maintenance and inspection of vehicles should be confined to designated paved areas only. The activity increases the soil The site clearance should not be erosion probability of said area. initiated during or prior to heavy monsoon season. Water If site clearance is done during The site clearance should not be Project Almas rainy season, surface run off will initiated during or prior to heavy Consultants/ Management lead to contamination of water monsoon season. Contractors bodies. The construction should not be prolonged too much after site clearance. Fuels/lubricants used in site can The construction machineries pollute water courses if it find its and vehicles should be inspected way to the water courses periodically for the detection of leaks and spillages. The maintenance and inspection of vehicles should be confined to designated paved areas only. The oily surface run off should be collected for treatment and disposed off. Cleaning of construction Confined area which is situated machineries if carried out near the away from the water bodies water courses, can lead to should be allotted for cleaning
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Sl Activity Environmental Potential Impact Management Measures Implementing Monitoring No: Attributes Agency Agency pollution of water courses. for construction machineries. Air Excavation leads to dust The site is already demarcated generation. with high compound walls which prevents the dust reaching the nearby resident areas and other sites. Operation of excavator, l, vehicles Pollution- under –check (PUC) leads to air emissions due to fossil should be made mandatory for fuel burning all vehicles used for construction activities. Regular maintenance and inspection of the machineries should be conducted. The excavators, vehicles, should be operated only well within the demarcated area of the project site. Movement of transport vehicles Water should be sprinkled leads to dust generation periodically to suppress the dust generation. Personnel masks should be provided to workers. The tyres of the transport vehicles have to be washed before leaving the construction site. The material transport vehicles should be adequately covered. Operation of DG set in The DG should be operated only construction site results in air on standby mode. emissions. Periodic emission test should be conducted. The stack height of the DG set
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Sl Activity Environmental Potential Impact Management Measures Implementing Monitoring No: Attributes Agency Agency has to be in conformance with the CPCB guidelines. . Noise Operation of tree cutter, Diesel generator should have Project Almas excavator, loader, DG, crane and noise control measures to meet Consultants/ Management transporting vehicles lead to the noise standards set by Contractors increased ambient noise level. Central Pollution Control Board (75 dB(A) at 1 m from the enclosure surface for generators with integral acoustic enclosure. Acoustic enclosure for generators without integral acoustic enclosure shall be designed for minimum 25 dB(A) insertion loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, whichever is on the higher side at 0.5 m from the enclosure). Workers shall not be exposed to sound of more than 85 – 90 dB for more than eight hours a day and shall be provided with ear plugs. Noise quality monitoring shall be conducted as per Environmental Monitoring Plan to detect noise pollution. Noise level of vehicles used for construction activities should meet the noise standards set by Central Pollution Control Board (maximum 80 dB(A) ) Construction contract shall clearly specify the use of
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Sl Activity Environmental Potential Impact Management Measures Implementing Monitoring No: Attributes Agency Agency equipment emitting noise of not greater than 90 dB (A) for the eight hour operation shift. Biological Site clearance leads to loss of Compensatory plantation has to Project Almas terrestrial and aquatic flora and be carried out with thrice the Consultants/ Management fauna. The impact could be severe number of trees to be cut for Contractors if protected or endangered species proposed project. No protected are affected. or endangered species are reported in the project area.
Socio-Economic Labour involved in the site Water should be sprinkled clearance is exposed to dust and periodically to suppress the dust increased ambient noise level. generation. Personal protective equipments such as ear plugs, helmets, goggles, gloves, boots etc. should be made mandatory for the construction workers. Other provisions to ensure worker’s safety shall be followed as per rules in force. Safety risk includes the attack of Personal protective equipments venomous species, or injuries due such as ear plugs, helmets, to glass pieces, metals or any goggles, gloves, boots etc. other sharp materials. should be made mandatory for the construction workers. Trained personnel for first aid should be available at site. First aid kit at site and on-call accident support agreement with an approved hospital should be made. Immediate surroundings of the Noisy construction shall be
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Sl Activity Environmental Potential Impact Management Measures Implementing Monitoring No: Attributes Agency Agency project site and the transport route stopped between 10:00 pm and for the project purpose 6:00 am. experiences nuisance due to dust emissions and increased ambient Flood lights would be properly noise level. The magnitude of shaded without affecting the impact increases if the surrounding construction works are extended to night hours including the use of flood light. Solid waste Site clearance generates waste The construction waste should Project Almas Management including pieces of trees, rags be disposed off properly by the Consultants/ Management such as paper/glass etc, which construction contractor. Contractors were present in site. Geology Landscape alteration, drainage Nominal slope may be alteration maintained to retain the natural drainage direction, Cleared top sandy layer may be stacked separately for landscape renovation plan towards completion of the project Risk/Hazard Site clearance generates waste The construction waste should including pieces of trees, rags be disposed off properly by the such as paper/glass etc, which construction contractor. were present in site. 4. Land Loss of topsoil Top soil conservation measures Project Almas should be adopted. Consultants/ Management Water Surface runoff of the excavated Excavated earth should be Contractors earth will lead to partial or stored properly and re used for completely filling of water bodies leveling and filling., The surplus and also to enhance the turbidity earth should be stored in such a of water to unacceptable levels for way that the surface run off the intended uses and also to the from the construction site will loss of aquatic flora and fauna. not lead to nearby water courses.
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Sl Activity Environmental Potential Impact Management Measures Implementing Monitoring No: Attributes Agency Agency
Air Excavation work especially along Water should be sprinkle Project Almas the loose soil areas releases large periodically to suppress the dust Consultants/ Management amount of dust. generation. Contractors The construction area should be temporarily fenced to avoid dispersion of dust from the same area. Operation of fossil fuelled Pollution- under –check (PUC) vehicles and machineries will lead should be made mandatory for to emissions due to fossil fuel all vehicles used for burning. construction activities. Stack height of Generator and emission level of vehicles and machineries should meet the relevant SPCB guidelines. Fuel adulteration should not be permitted for any construction machineries. Leveling of site, loading and Water should be sprinkled unloading of excavated earth periodically to suppress the dust releases significant amount of generation. dust Compound wall constructed around the site will control dispersion of dust to a considerable extend. Noise Operation of heavy duty Workers shall not be exposed to Project Almas machineries such as excavators, sound of more than 85 – 90 DB Consultants/ Management loaders and frequent uses of for more than eight hours a day Contractors transit vehicles such as lorry, and shall be provided with ear tractor etc leads to increased plugs. ambient noise level in project Noise quality monitoring shall area. be conducted as per
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Sl Activity Environmental Potential Impact Management Measures Implementing Monitoring No: Attributes Agency Agency Environmental Monitoring Plan to detect noise pollution. Noise level of vehicles used for construction activities should meet the noise standards set by Central Pollution Control Board (maximum 80 dB(A) ) Construction contract shall clearly specify the use of equipment emitting noise of not greater than 90 dB (A) for the eight hour operation shift. Biological NIL NIL Project Almas Solid waste Debris and the extra excavated The waste materials will have to Consultants/ Management Management earth be properly disposed off to Contractors authorized dumping areas. Proper disposal measure of debris and excavated earth has to be undertaken by the contractor. Geology Breach in ground water table, Excavation periphery may be instability of the excavation sealed to avoid breach in ground periphery. water table. By maintaining appropriate slope on the cutting face and by placing buttresses, instability of the excavation periphery can be avoided. Risk Hazards Occupational health and safety Provisions to ensure worker’s impacts for workers safety shall be followed as per the rule in force. 5. Foundations, Land Top soil gets compacted with the Top soil conservation measures Project Almas Columns, movement of vehicles, man and should be adopted. Consultants/ Management joinery Works, machineries. Contractors
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Sl Activity Environmental Potential Impact Management Measures Implementing Monitoring No: Attributes Agency Agency Roofing, Soil pollution can occur due to Machinery and equipments are Ceiling, spillage of fuel/lubricants used in maintained and refilled in such a Plastering, construction machineries. fashion that fuel spillage does Painting not contaminate the soil. Soil quality monitoring shall be conducted as per Environmental Monitoring Plan to ascertain level of contamination. Maintenance should be carried out on impervious platforms with spill collection provisions and oil traps. All spills shall be disposed off as desired and the site shall be fully cleaned before handing over. Soil pollution can occur along raw The materials would be stored material storage area, concrete properly and all transit should be mixing area and along the transit without spillage and in vehicles points and construction sites due under cover. to spillage. Water Contamination of water course Proper covering to be given to Project Almas with construction materials are water bodies inside the location. Consultants/ Management possible if the construction is near Construction during heavy rainy Contractors to water courses or the surface days should be avoided. runoff of the construction site No construction yard should be reaches the water course. set up near water courses. Surface run off should be allowed for detention within the yard so as to avoid reaching the water courses. Air Use of DG set in the construction The DG should be operated on site can lead to air pollutants standby mode.
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Sl Activity Environmental Potential Impact Management Measures Implementing Monitoring No: Attributes Agency Agency emission. Periodic emission test should be conducted. The stack height of the DG set has to be adequate. Stack height and emission level of hot mix plant and diesel generator should meet the relevant SPCB Dust emission will be resulted due Water should be sprayed at to transit of construction vehicles regular intervals. and concrete mixer. Tyres of the vehicles should be washed before leaving construction site. The materials being transported should be adequately covered. Pollution- under –check (PUC) should be conducted for vehicles in every three months. Noise Operation of transport vehicles Noise quality monitoring shall Project Almas and construction machineries be conducted as per Consultants/ Management especially Concrete transfer Environmental Monitoring Plan Contractors pump, Jack hammer, vibrator etc. to detect noise pollution. Leads to increased ambient noise Noise level of vehicles used for level. construction activities should meet the noise standards set by Central Pollution Control Board (maximum 80 dB(A) ) Construction contract shall clearly specify the use of equipment emitting noise of not greater than 90 dB (A) for the eight hour operation shift. The tools deployed for vibration
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Sl Activity Environmental Potential Impact Management Measures Implementing Monitoring No: Attributes Agency Agency will have optimal power rating confined to daytime. The vibrators would be mounted on vibration damping mountings recommended for machines. Noise pollution due to wood As only fitting needs to be done cutting, planing machine, drilling at site, noise will be minimum. machine, welding machine, gas The work has to be done within cutter / electrical cutter etc. during the noise barrier zone joinery works Biological Terrestrial / aquatic flora and As the construction is confined Project Almas fauna in the immediate within the compound wall, Consultants/ Management surroundings of project location possibility of contamination of Contractors affected if the soil / water is water body is less. severely contaminated with Green belt should be planted construction materials/chemical prior to construction activities used. with indigenous species having canopy to so as to avoid dispersion of pollutants to the immediate surroundings. Socio-Economic The immediate surroundings of Material transit should be the project location and transport confined non peak hours and routes experiences increased haul roads should be though traffic, dust and noise levels due roads having less traffic. All to transfer of construction material transit should be made machineries /labour force. under cover without chances of dust dispersion. Solid waste Waste concrete and slurry would The waste concrete removed has Management be generated as waste. to be disposed off by the Waste materials will be generated contractor. as part of plastering works. If false ceiling is done, waste pieces of thermo coal, gypsum, PVC etc.
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Sl Activity Environmental Potential Impact Management Measures Implementing Monitoring No: Attributes Agency Agency will be generated as waste materials. Geology NIL NIL II. Operational phase Land Risk of contamination from the A well-managed waste disposal Project Almas careless disposal of waste from scheming in accordance with Consultants/ Management the restaurant and other buildings municipal waste Management Contractors for treatment in the resorts will be adopted. Risk of disposal of sludge from The sludge generated will be the STP used for manuring the garden plants after sludge stabilization. Water Withdrawal of water more than Water recharging facilities will the replenishable capacity of the be provided at site. Maximum source can deplete the source usage of rainwater is also during the operation of WTP envisaged for the project. Impacts associated with liquid The liquid effluent will be effluents (sewage) treated in the STP before using it for irrigation. Air Emission of pollutants from A strong vegetation belt which vehicular movements and DG sets involves evergreen trees and and negligible emissions from pollution suppressing plants will sewage and solid waste handling be maintained in the plot in and disposal order to minimize the air pollution from the pollutant emissions. DG sets comply with MoEF norms of emissions will be used Vehicles with pollution under control certificate may be allowed to ply. Socio economic Employment opportunities to the local people
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The Almas Ayurvedic Hospitals and Research Center is proposing an Ayurvedic Resort at Purathur in Tirur taluk, Malappuram District. The proposed project is a five star Ayurvedic Resort which offers the blended treatment of Ayurveda and Allopathy to the patients coming. The proposed site is adjacent to the Tirur-Ponnani River and only about 280 meters away from the sea coast. Thus the site comes under the purview of Coastal Regulation Zone Notification (CRZ), 2011.
According to the CRZ map of the proposed area, the site comes under CRZ III. As the proposed site shares its boundary with Tirur-Ponnani River, which is tidal influenced water body, 100 meters area comes under the Non Development Zone (NDZ) according to the CRZ Notification 2011. No activities can be proposed in the NDZ area except boat jetty.
The proposed site has a total area of 21081.19sqm and the total plinth area of the proposed buildings is 5056.87sqm (less than 20,000sqm) which does not require Environmental Clearance from the State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority. Since the Site comes under the purview of CRZ notification, 2011, the proposed project requires clearance from the Kerala state Coastal Zone Management Authority and Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF).
The proposed project includes three main buildings-Administrative block, Second Block and Restaurant. Besides, the project has facilities including:
1. Ample Car Parking 2. Sewage Treatment Plant 3. Biogas plant 4. Water Treatment Plant 5. Rainwater Harvesting Tank 6. R.O Plant 7. Boat Jetty 8. Open theatre for Cultural Programs 9. Swimming Pool
All the activities are proposed in the area sparing the NDZ applicable to the site. Only boat jetty and open theatre for cultural programmes are proposed in the NDZ.
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The proposed project does not alter the Physiography of t he area. And it does not alter the land use of the area. As the proposed project is a Resort having five star facilities, it will ensure the natural beauty and aesthetic of the site without altering the existing features. The landscape proposed by the project will enhance the biological diversity of the area and increase the aesthetic beauty. The local people will have employment opportunities as a result of this proposed project.
The sensitive areas near the project boundary include schools, hospitals, community facilities, beach etc. which does not have any impact due to this project.
The potential impacts are measured for both the construction and operation phase. The impacts have been analyzed in the context of significant positive or negative; direct or indirect; long term or short term impacts. The impacts during the operation phase include: Degradation of soil and water, pollution of nearby land and water sources by the careless disposal of construction debris, air and noise pollution as a result of increased traffic.etc.
The impacts during the operation phase include the positive impacts such as long term positive impact on the socio economy of the area. Besides there are negative impacts such as: risk of disposal of sludge from STP, impacts associated with liquid effluents such as storm water & sewage, emissions from vehicular movements and DG sets, etc.
Proper mitigation measures are suggested to mitigate the negative impacts produced during both the construction and operation phase.
As the proposed project is an ayurvedic resort, which is eco friendly, there will be less impact on the surrounding environment and local people. The project has several benefits in terms of foreign exchange and local area development. The other benefits include: the development of health tourism, exposure of Ayurveda to the Middle East and other foreign countries, employment opportunities to the local people, socio economic development f the area etc.
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ANNEXURES
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Annexure I. Soil Monitoring Results
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Annexure II. Water Quality Monitoring Results
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Annexure III. Air Quality Monitoring Results
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AnnexureIV. Noise Quality Monitoring Results
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