Department / Programme: Liberal Arts Course Title: Allama Iqbal: Philosophy in verse and prose Course Code: Credit Rating: 3 Duration of the Course: 16 weeks, 3 hours per week Instructor: Naheed Ateed

Course Description This course is based on Iqbaliyat, i.e. the Worldview and philosophical concepts of Dr. Sir Iqbal’s collections of verse and prose. Allama Iqbal’s worldview and his philosophy emanates from the and the Prophet of Islam who received this divine revelation, and terminates, if it ever does, with these two. One cannot study any work of separating Islam from it. It is the base from which all his inspirations come. The social and political conditions of the Indian Muslims had a great influence on Allama Iqbal’s philosophy and poetry. This course will show the development of the concept of Khudi in his Persian works written during the First World War. Allama called out to the Muslims to remember the past glories and how they can gain the same if they follow the way he is showing to them. This will include a sample of what are usually called his patriotic poems, such as ‘Tarana-e-Hindi’ from his collection of poems in ‘Bang e Dara. The collection of poems called Zarb e Kaleem was subtitled as ' A Declaration of War against the Present times'. This will be discussed and some stanzas will be read and analyzed. How his poetry is still relevant and the need of the hour will be studied through these poems. Javid Nama, a long poem A journey through the spheres of . This is supposed to be inspired by the Ascension of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) to the , his Mairaj. This will be studied in the light of the evolution of his poetry through three phases, namely, Inquiry, Discovery and Transcendence. The length of each phase has biographical and textual proof. The students will study portions of prose by Iqbal. This will be based on his famous lectures collected in book named ‘The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam’, as well as some articles that he wrote in trying to awaken the sleeping masses. Also included will be excerpts from Iqbal’s political writings after the , such as his presidential address to the All-India Muslim Conference in 1932,

Course Objectives The objective of this course is to re-introduce Muhammad Iqbal to the students from a perspective different from what they had been taught previously. By the end of the course the students will have a broader perspective of towering personality of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. This will be enhanced with the knowledge that the works of Allama Iqbal is relevant today for the building of Pakistan. They would have gained a better understanding and wider knowledge of Allama Iqbal’s poetry and Philosophy and the fact that they can still be adapted by the humanity. Furthermore, they will be able to comprehend and appreciate, to a greater degree, the International fame of Allama and why he is ‘a man for all seasons’ in Pakistan and many other Muslim countries.

Intended Learning Outcomes The Students will come to know through his poetry, lectures and biography that his work is in no way time bound. Iqbal’s poetical prowess is, perhaps, more relevant today to inspire the Muslim Ummah to get charged up and work towards progress and achieve the past glory which has been lost. As it inspired the Muslims of India to get rid of the shackles of slave mentality and idleness and rise, with a purpose, a goal! In Allama’s poetry the students will see the foresight he had and the future predictions in his poems like ‘March 1907, a poetic declarations of Muslim nationhood. As if divinely inspired, being a Poet-philosopher was his destiny, for present and future generations of the Muslim Ummah.

Learning and Teaching Activities The students will memorise selected verses from Allama’s famous poems for end of term presentation. They will watch interviews of Allama Iqbal’s son and daughter, getting first hand knowledge of his life within the family. Interview of Prof Annemarie Schimmel, a German scholar who has written a book on Muhammad Iqbal, Gabriel’s Wing, will be shown for a greater insight into his work. They will also watch or listen to recordings of Allama Iqbal’s famous poetry sung by different singers and also recited by Mr Zia Mohyeddin.

Course Assessment Methods Pop quizzes and class activities, 15 marks Recitation of the memorised verses 15 Marks A short essay 25 Marks Final exam 45 Marks Total 100 marks

Resource / Reading List 1. Iqbal: His Life and Our Times, by Khurram Ali Shafique 2. Visions Unveiled, the Worldview of Allama Iqbal, by Khurram Ali Shafique 3. Azadi, by Khurram Ali Shafique 4. Iqbaliyat kai (saw) 100 saal. 5. Kulliyat of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. 6. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. 7. Gabriel’s Wing by Annemarie Schimmel. 8. Stray Reflections, his diary. 9. Class Hand-outs

Assignment Briefs The students will be made aware that they should expect pop quizzes. There will be a presentation based on recitation of the memorised verses of Allama Iqbal in weeks 15 and 16. A short essay will be written on given topics. These will be due in week 9 of the term. The students will take a final exam in week 15 of the term.

WEEKLY COURSE PLAN

• Introduction to Iqbal: A brief resume of his life, thought and major works of poetry and prose, as well as his major political speeches. This resume will be divided into the three stages in the evolution Week 1 of his life and personality as identified by him (and these stages also correspond with the overall progress of his society). Also to be discussed, the primary evil of his society as identified by him, and how it places us in relation to his work. • The worldview of Iqbal: Based on the three research papers produced by him from 1908 to 1911, where he Week 2 articulated his conceptual framework. This will include excerpts from ‘Political Thought in Islam’ (1908) and ‘Islam as a Moral and Political Ideal’ (1909) • Society: His conception of the structure and the ideal of the Muslim community in broad universal Week 3 terms – being the second half of the conceptual framework established by him from 1908 to 1911. This will include excerpts from ‘The Muslim Community – A Sociological Study’ (1911) • India and Islam: Introduction to a selection from his earlier poetry. This will include a sample of what are usually called his patriotic poems, such as ‘Tarana-e-Hindi’, and then moving on to what Week 4 are considered to be poetic declarations of Muslim nationhood, including as ‘March 1907’ (giving political and social background of the Western and Indian Muslim society, what Iqbal wanted and his predictions). • ‘Khudi’ Development of the concept of Khudi in his Persian works written during the First World Week 5 War. Influence of Sufi thought in those works.

• Conscious evolution’: The correspondence between the ideas of Mary Parker Follett, C. R. Das and Iqbal, as acknowledged by Iqbal himself. Reading and analysis of Khizer e rah. Analysis of the Week 6 stanzas where the importance of the unity of humankind is stressed, and the role of the Muslims in bringing it about is emphasized. How is it relevant today?

• Enter the Politician Allama decides to take active part in politics. Why did he feel the need to do this? This Week 7 will be traced from the viewpoint of the condition of the Indian Muslims. Excerpts from the Allahabad Address of 1930 will also be read and analyzed.

• The Reconstruction I: Excerpts from lectures 1-4 of the Reconstruction will be analyzed with a view to getting a Week 8 grasp on a few of the most important ideas contained in them. Also included will be a few excerpts from Zaboor-e-Ajam, reiterating the same ideas.

• The Reconstruction II: Excerpts from lectures 5-7 of the Reconstruction will be analyzed with a view to getting a Week 9 grasp on a few of the most important ideas contained in them. Also included will be a few excerpts from Zaboor-e-Ajam, reiterating the same ideas • ‘Khudi revisited’. The concept Khudi will be revisited with more references from Allama's works of prose Week 10 and poetry. Can it be adopted by the humanity today? If so, then how? His whole philosophy is summarized in nine points. Their importance and relevance will be studied and analyzed. • Javid Nama I Week 11 A journey through the spheres of Heaven. This is supposed to be inspired by the Ascension of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) to the heavens, his Mairaj. • Javid Nama II Week 12 Discussion on Javid Nama continues with the visit to the sphere of Mars. Iqbal is fascinated as he sees an ideal society on Mars in a city named Marghdeen. • Iqbal’s ‘declaration of war’ against his times: The collection of poems called Zarb e Kaleem was subtitled as ' A Declaration of War Week 13 against the Present times'. This will be discussed and some stanzas will be read and analyzed. Also included will be excerpts from Iqbal’s political writings after the Allahabad Address, such as his presidential address to the All-India Muslim Conference in 1932, and the election manifesto of All India Muslim League, 1936. • The aftermath: Week 14 To what extent did Iqbal influence the course of history? This will be discussed with special reference to the vision and testimony of Jinnah. Final Exam Week 15 Week 16 Presentation by students