Chipping Warden Adopted

Chipping Warden is a place of special character and historic interest.

This appraisal and management plan sets out the features that contributes to its distinctiveness and identifies opportunities for its protection and enhancement.

Chipping Warden Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan

Adopted March 2013

Summary

Summary of Special Interest more open quality in their change in a way that maintains, and footpaths which would have a Chipping Warden has experienced appearance. reinforces and enhances the special harmful urbanising affect. character and quality of the area. human activity within the parish from The two greens are key open • the pre-historic period through to the spaces, forming centres around The Conservation Area Boundary This will owe much to the positive present day, with remains of a which buildings cluster and are management of the conservation Chipping Warden was designated as Neolithic burial site and a bronze age focal points within the village. a conservation area in January 1970 fortification located close to the area. Therefore in addition to the • The buildings are mainly two existing national statutory legislation and amended in March 1987. village. storeys high and are positioned on and local planning controls the plots with narrow street frontages. following opportunities for The boundary was once again The village is mentioned in the modified in March 2013. This was to Domesday survey and was granted This has resulted in a number of enhancement have been identified: properties becoming terraced include the continuation of the Old the right to hold a market during the Rectory wall which ran in front of No 13th century. The remains of the together. • Establish a list of locally significant buildings and policies for their 18 Hogg End on the north side of the market cross base are still situated • Walls are a prominent feature protection. road. It also included the traditional on the southern green opposite the often surrounding large open plots constructed building, No 20 Hogg church. with substantial houses and help • Encourage the protection of End which sat at the western end of to maintain the defined boundaries surviving historic detail and the the wall. The conservation area comprises of of the streetscape. reinstatement of appropriately two distinct areas around two greens, detailed fittings in buildings • The smaller properties often have Two buildings were excluded from one to the north which is linear and considered to be of significance to the boundary. These faced on to low eaves with eyebrow dormers urban in character and another to the the character and appearance of Long Barrow, a modern secondary positioned along them. south which has a more insular and the conservation area. The use of road and were not considered to rural quality to its built environment. • Trees form important features and Article 4 Directions which remove contribute to the character of the All the buildings, however, are backdrops within the conservation the permitted development rights conservation area due to their predominately constructed from area. of dwelling houses will help to location. ironstone. achieve this. • Ironstone is the dominant building The final changes were the material. While a limited amount of • Ensure that all new development Key characteristics within the rationalisation of the boundary line, to brick has been used in later is sustainable, high quality, well conservation area: follow visible lines or features that buildings. designed and responds to its were easily defined on the ground. • The north side of the village has a context in terms of urban and linear plan form with a fine grain Summary of issues and architectural design. and dense development along the opportunities street boundaries. • Promote the sympathetic Change is inevitable in most management of open space within • The south side of the village is conservation areas and it is not the the conservation area, including insular and rural in its character. It intention of the designation to verges and to work with the 2 has sections of enclosed space prevent the continued evolution of highway authorities to avoid the contrasted against areas with a places. The challenge within insertion of inappropriate kerbing conservation areas is to manage Summary

Figure 1: The boundary of the Chipping Warden Conservation Area. Copyright BlueSky World International Ltd. 1. Introduction and Planning Policy Context

1.1 What is a conservation area conservation areas “from time to material consideration in the planning proposals outside of a conservation Conservation areas were introduced time”. It is now considered process to be used amongst other area which have an adverse effect on under the Civic Amenities Act of appropriate to review the Chipping things to the determination of the setting of the conservation area or 1967. That Act required Local Warden Conservation Area in order to planning applications within the any views into or out of the area.” further define its key characteristics. conservation area and its setting. Planning Authorities to identify areas, The village also sits within the Aynho, as opposed to individual buildings, of This document is an appraisal of the The appraisal is not intended to be Cherwell Valley and Eydon Special special architectural or historic Landscape Area in accordance with interest and to designate them as Chipping Warden Conservation Area comprehensive and omission of any and is based on a standard format particular building, feature or space Policies set down in the local plan. conservation areas. derived from advice contained within should not be taken to imply that it is the English Heritage guidance not of interest. 1.3 What does conservation area Since 1967 some 9,770 conservation status mean? areas have been designated in “Understanding Place: Conservation England, including 55 in the South Area Designation, Appraisal and This appraisal should also be read in Conservation area status provides the Northamptonshire District to date. Management” published in 2011. conjunction with the wider national opportunity to promote the protection The Chipping Warden Conservation and local planning policy and and enhancement of the special Area is one of those 55 areas having By updating the conservation area guidance including the National character of the area. Designation originally been designated in January appraisal for Chipping Warden, the Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) confers a general control over 1970 and extended in March 1987. It special character and appearance of under which a conservation area is development that could damage the was extended again in March 2013. the area can continue to be identified deemed to be a heritage asset. area's character. The details are and protected. The conservation area complex but can be summarised as: 1.2 Planning Policy context appraisal and management plan The South Northamptonshire Local provides the basis for making Plan was adopted in 1997 and • Most demolition requires The Planning (Listed Buildings and informed, sustainable decisions in the resaved in part on 28 September permission and will be resisted if Conservation Areas) Act 1990 is the positive management, protection and 2007. It designates Chipping Warden the building makes a positive Act of Parliament which today enhancement of the conservation as a Restricted Infill Village with contribution to the area. provides legislation for the protection area. policy H5 of the plan restricting • Some minor works are no longer of the nation’s heritage of buildings development within such villages “to “permitted development” and will and places of architectural and The appraisal provides a clear the infilling of a small gap in an require planning permission. historic interest. understanding of the special interest otherwise built frontage; or a small Examples include extensions,

of Chipping Warden by assessing group of dwellings; or the conversion external cladding and satellite Section 69 of the 1990 Act defines a how the settlement has developed, of an existing building”. antennas. conservation area as: analysing its present day character “an area of architectural or historic and identifying opportunities for Policies EV10 and EV11 of the • Most works to trees have to be interest the character and enhancements. document continue and state that: notified to the Local Planning appearance of which it is desirable to “The Council will seek to preserve or Authority for its consideration. preserve or enhance”. This appraisal has been subject of enhance the special character or • Generally higher standards of public consultation and was adopted appearance of conservation areas.” 4 The 1990 Act also places a duty on design apply for new buildings and by South Northamptonshire Council in and that “Planning permission will not alterations to existing ones. Local Planning Authorities to consider March 2013. At this time it became a be granted for any development revisions to the boundaries of their 2. Location, Topography and Geology

2.1 Location Chipping Warden lies to the extreme west of the district. The village is 10 miles (16km) south of Daventry and 7 miles (11km) north of Banbury. It straddles the busy A361 main road, which curves through the village.

At the time of 2011 census, Chipping Warden had a population of 529. The surrounding landscape is predominately used for mixed use agriculture, with arable being dominant. The residents of the village, tend to commute out for work, however, there is a hub of employment in Appletree Industrial Estate, formerly RAF Chipping Warden Airfield, a WWII airfield.

Figure 2: Chipping Warden lies some 10 miles south of Daventry and 7 miles north of Banbury.

5 2. Location, Topography and Geology

2.2 Topography and Geology boulder clay. This creates an

The Northamptonshire Environmental interesting and varied character to Character and Green Infrastructure the area. Strategies were published by the River Nene Regional Park CIC in Chipping Warden is situated on what 2009. These strategies included appears to be a plateau, where the environmental, landscape and gradient changes very little within the biodiversity character assessments village. To the south, there is a slight for the county. decline towards the River Cherwell at the edge of the village, leading to a In relation to Chipping Warden, the more undulating landscape. While, assessments concluded that the the views out from the village to the settlement was located within the north and west look over flat terrain, Environmental Character Area of the with a defined ridge of hills visible West Northamptonshire Uplands, along the horizon. which stretch from Aynho in the south to Wilbarston in the north. The common fields of Chipping Warden were enclosed by an Act of The landscape is characterised as an Parliament in 1733. This enclosed expansive and elevated landscape of 1,545 acres around the village and hills and valleys that act as a major examples of ridge and furrow can still watershed between the principal be seen to the south-west of the water systems in the area. This village near Arbury Close. These includes the river Nene, Warwickshire were arranged as end-on or © Crown copyright. All rights interlocked furlongs. reserved. Northamptonshire Avon, Leam and Cherwell to the west County Council: Licence No. and to the south, the Tove and Ouse. 100019331. Published 2006. The River Cherwell runs to the south Today, the landscape cover is made of Chipping Warden. up of large arable fields subdivided by a strong network of hedgerows, The area is underlain by Lias Group which also line the roads that lead out Clay. This is capped locally by of the village, including the A361. The area is also punctuated with copses Ironstone that includes Marlstone and and wooded areas. Northampton Sand Formations. This results in a varying landscape character, which contrasts with the well defined features of the steeply Figure 3: West Northamptonshire Uplands sloping prominent hills and the softer (Source: River Nene Regional Park) 6 landscapes, visible in areas where Figures 4 & 5: Views out of Chipping the land is capped by a mantle of Warden to the surrounding countryside 3. History and development

St Peter and St Paul’s Church in its Cottage, which is said to date from between the 16th-18th century. It was dealt with, by either serving fines earliest form dates from the late 13th the 14th century. appears that development began to or by putting people in the stocks. century, with only two windows in the move away from St Peter and St The Manor House is also an chancel now identified as being a The surrounding area is known Paul’s Church and the Market Place, important structure within the village. design from the early Decorated nationally due to the battle that took towards Byfield Road, now the A361, The current Manor House is believed period (1200-1350). The majority of place on Edgcote Moor in 1469. The and along Mill Lane and Hogg End. to have been built in the 16th century. the works took place during the 14th battle was between the Lancastrians Traditional building construction is The manorial land was brought by Sir and 15th centuries and have resulted and the Yorkists, two royal families, retained within the area with some in a church which appears to be who were fighting over who held the cruck buildings still in situ, such as predominately built in the throne and therefore power and Well Cottage, which was built in the Perpendicular style (1350 - 1530). wealth. The Battle of Edgcote was 16th/17th centuries and whose cruck one of many battles which took place blades are visible internally. There are other examples of during the War of the Roses (1455- medieval detailing elsewhere in the 1485). The battle took place between Another house of status includes the village, often where stone has been the Earls of Pembroke and Devon, in Court House, a fairly substantial and re-used from ruined medieval support of the King (the Yorkists) formal building, presumed to properties, such as the moulded against the rebels and men of the originally have been two properties. It surround of the front door of Jasmine Earl of Warwick, a Lancastrian. The was built during the 17th century and two armies had not intended to fight as the name suggests it was the but had become aware of each village court house. This was an Figure 8: View of the two different phases of other’s presence on the 25th July. important building, where local crime the Court House development The battle took place the following

day and ended in a win for Warwick’s men.

In Chipping Warden, a cemetery was discovered during the 19th century, situated south of the church. A large pit is said to have been found, which contained bone and a number of spurs as well as bodies, buried in consecutive lines, head to foot. It is suggested that these were the remains of those slain during the Battle of Edgcote Moor.

th th Figure 7: A view of St Peter and St Paul’s 3.5 16 -18 century 7 Church, with 13th century origins but main development during the 14th/15th The majority of the surviving Figure 9: Bryant’s Map of Northamptonshire 1827. The map shows the prominence of the centuries. properties in the village were built Byfield Road and the development that had occurred along it. (Bryant’s 1827 Map: Northamptonshire Record Office. Map 1118) 3. History and development

Richard Saltonstalls, the son of the Lord Mayor of London in 1569. It was either Sir Richard or his son who built the current manor. It was later remodelled in the 17th century by a later descendant of the Saltonstalls’. This took place on the southern side of the house, which has an interesting hopper dated 1668, attributed to the time of the remodelling, as well as the original mullioned windows on the southern facade being altered to cross windows.

Further development occurred around the north green, which has been attributed to the heavy use of the Banbury to Daventry Road (A361). There has been some debate over whether this road was in fact a turnpike during the 17th-19th century. The Banbury to Lutterworth Turnpike ran via Daventry, and is said to have Figures 10 & 11: The Rose and Crown run through the village, most likely Public House and associated coach arch (top), The Griffin Inn (bottom). along what is now the A361 (Lewis, 1848). demonstrates the frequent use of the road during the 17th to 19th centuries, This is further supported by the two and why development spread to the public houses in the village, the northern side of the village during this Griffin Inn and the Rose and Crown, period. which both operated during this period. The Rose and Crown has a 3.6 19th century rear courtyard, coach arch and At the end of the 18th century outbuildings, suggesting it was used Chipping Warden was home to 80 by coaches and travellers. A number families. The majority of the land was of children, were also born to held by Mr Saltonstall, with only four 8 travellers, who were passing through or five freeholds within the village. the village at their birth. This Figure 12: Chipping Warden OS Map 1843 –1893 The population is believed to have © Crown copyright, database rights and Landmark Information Group 1000022487 2012. 3. History and development

increased and by the 1801 census, Chipping Warden had 59 houses and 294 inhabitants, and by the 1821 census, it contained 91 houses and

488 inhabitants.

Development during the 19th century was limited with the majority of buildings being altered or renovated.

Jasmine Cottage, for example, has Figure 13: Chipping Warden is an th an attractive 19 century porch, with area rich in Archaeology (the red decorative cast iron columns added arrows indicate find areas) during this period. While the Griffin © Crown copyright. All rights and Inn, was extended and a sundial database rights reserved. South inserted into the front elevation with Northamptonshire Council the date 1837 inscribed on it. This 100022487 2013 shows the low level form of development that occurred in Chipping Warden during the 19th century.

One new development during this period was the construction of the Wesleyan Methodist Chapel located on Byfield Road. This was built on land cleared of small single one up one down properties. These were demolished and the chapel built on the land. The date-stone in the chapel reads 1884.

3.6 20th century hangers. It was decommissioned in complete although there is some development and research During World War II, RAF Chipping 1946 and has since been used for evidence of possible Neolithic opportunities are recognised and Warden was opened in 1941. It agricultural and industrial purposes. activity, Iron Age settlements as well come forward. functioned as a Bomber Command as Roman habitation.

Operational Training Unit. By 1944, 3.7 Archaeological 9 the airfield had three concrete Further opportunities to increase our The archaeological record for the understanding of Chipping Warden’s runways, thirty heavy bomber hard parish of Chipping Warden is far from standings and several aircraft past should be taken when sites for 4. Spatial Analysis

4.1 Land Use road dominates the northern half of boundary wall of the Manor Chipping Warden is predominately a Chipping Warden, through its heavy separating the two open spaces. residential village situated in the west and frequent use by passing traffic. There is, however, a small and of the South Northamptonshire The other road leading out of the narrow link road that connects the District. The village contains two village in the north is Culworth Road, two centres. public houses, a primary school and which heads eastwards and is much community centre. The church sits quieter. All the roads in Chipping Warden are near the centre of the village and is a surfaced in tarmacadam, as are the The southern green sits next to the footpaths. The footpaths in the key focal point within it. th 13 century church and is the site of northern side of the conservation 4.2 Settlement Pattern the medieval market cross base. Two area are on both sides of the road. lanes extend from the green, Mill Those along the A361 are wide with The settlement pattern of Chipping Lane and Hogg End. Mill Lane leads large grass verges, while Culworth Warden has a radial plan form. The to the River Cherwell, where Road has a narrower footpath which majority of properties in the previously a mill stood. The lane turns disappears as the road leaves the conservation area cluster around the into a public right of way, rather than village. The south side of the two greens at the centre of the a road, with only limited access to the conservation area has much narrower village. From the greens, several river. There is also a private road footpaths. These are positioned on roads radiate out providing which leads to Edgcote House from one side of the road and fade in and connection to other villages within the Mill Lane. out, leaving some sections with no vicinity. The roads in the northern half footpath at all. of the village are linear in form. While Hogg End runs parallel to the western to the south, they tend to follow the section of the A361 (Banbury Road) Wide grass verges are common natural topography of the landscape and joins the Banbury Road as it around the more open areas of the with a curvilinear layout. leaves the village to the south. It conservation area, particularly around forms a one way road, which leads the greens, the top section of Mill 4.3 Street pattern, footpaths, from the west, through the modern Lane and Byfield Road. Modern means of enclosure development to the east, where the kerbing is also seen within the village The village centres around two road reaches the southern green. with a significant amount of granite greens. The north green is made up This southern section of the kerbing stones being retained, of three small triangles of grass and conservation area has limited through examples can be seen along Hogg situated outside the Manor House. access, and as a result has little End opposite the Church and along There are several large lime trees passing traffic which contributes to Culworth Road. growing on the greens and this helps the quieter and more insular to characterise the area. The north character of the area compared to the Street lighting is limited within green is clipped by the A361, which north. Chipping Warden and in the main is curves from the north to the west unobtrusive, with lights 10 usually Figures 14–16: View across the north green The two greens are detached from attached to telegraph poles. The through the village, before continuing (top); View across the south green (middle); south as it leaves the village. This Curve of A361, as it clips the north green each other, with development and the telegraph poles, however, cause a (bottom). 4. Spatial Analysis

substantial intrusion into the village, countryside and allow for important due to their number and associated views out. One important right of way overhead wires, which can be seen is the path that connects Chipping throughout the conservation area. Warden to Edgcote. This appears to These especially disrupt views of the have been an original access to the church spire from along Byfield Road main house. A set of stone piers, and also views in and around the cast iron gates and an associated southern green. gatehouse acted as a welcome to visitors of Edgcote House. Due to the prominence of the A361, the northern half of Chipping Warden Boundary walls and the positioning of is cluttered with traffic calming the buildings help contribute to the devices, including bollards, speed sense of space within Chipping cameras and signage. As the main Warden Conservation Area. Byfield through road between Daventry and Road (A361) is a linear street, which Banbury, the road has a heavy and has retained historic properties along constant flow of traffic, including the east side of the road. These numerous lorries. This has a properties are built in terraced rows substantial impact on the character right along the footpath edge, and appearance of the conservation creating a defined boundary. In area, as the noise, constant contrast the road is open, contributed movement and related highways to by the wide grass verges. This paraphernalia, brings modern creates the sense that the space is intervention into the historic northern being channelled due to the defined side of the village. The north green is boundary and the linear nature of the particularly affected due to its road. An attractive feature within the position on the bend of the A361 and area is the continuation of the terrace is covered with signs and bollards. as it follows the curve of the A361 The amount of associated traffic past the north green. signage and furniture disturbs views down Byfield Road and from around This strong building line continues the north green, which has an effect along the north side of Banbury on the character and appearance of Road. The southern side of the road the village. is made up of the rear of a number of plots that front onto the south green There are no public rights of way opposite the church. This combined within the village of Chipping with the large boundary 11wall that Figure 17: Map of Chipping Warden showing public rights of way. Warden, however, there are several surrounds the substantial plot of the © Crown copyright. All rights and database rights reserved. South Northamptonshire Council which start at the edge of the village, Old Rectory contributes in providing 100022487 2013 providing access into the wider a defined boundary line, however, 4. Spatial Analysis

unlike the north side of the road, this dominated by a weeping tree and the does not create an active street market cross base. The church frontage. As a result the boundary contributes to this insular feel by line is less imposing and this creates being set on higher land with the a greater sense of space. retaining wall helping to enclose the green. Culworth Road has a slightly more enclosed feel. The footpaths are Hogg End continues to the west, narrower and the Manor House following the natural topography of Cottages sit right on the boundary the area. It descends down a steep edge with low hung eaves and a gradient from the south green, with steep pitched roof. This is connected the road curving in and out of view. to the Manor House wall, forming one This section is bounded by the continuous boundary line. The north substantial boundary wall of the Old side of Culworth Road is dominated Rectory and the retaining wall of the by the Griffin Inn, a large building, church which creates a sense of and the lime trees on the green again enclosure. The properties along contribute to the sense of enclosure. Hogg End, also sit upon the boundary and the narrow nature of The two greens form focal points the road contributes again to the within the village and are linked via a sense of enclosure. small road. This road creates a pinch point due to the enclosed sense of Mill Lane, in contrast, is more open. space within the area. This is The section leading from the green because the wall surrounding the has wide grassy verges on either Manor forms the east boundary and side of this linear stretch of road. It is is over hung by substantial trees. bounded by terraced housing to the While to the west are a row of tightly west and the Manor’s boundary wall terraced houses. Thus creating the to the east. This provides a defined pinch point which limits views channel down which the gate lodge between the two greens. to Edgcote House can be viewed.

The southern green has a more As Mill Lane turns past the gate insular feel. Due to the pinch point, lodge the road narrows and the the green is almost cut off from the Figures 18 - 23: (clockwise from the top left) buildings sit closer to the street’s North side of Banbury Road; View down north side of the village and has a Hogg End; South End of Mill Lane; View edge and increase in size. Within this more nucleated rural character. It is down Mill Lane from the south green; View section, the mix of building 12 positions, surrounded by wide grass verges, down Culworth Road to the north green; The vegetation and boundary walls all behind which sits a row of terraced pinch point between the two greens. assist in creating a greater sense of properties. The green itself is enclosure and a rural feel to the area. 4. Spatial Analysis

4.4 Trees, Hedges and Open sections of hedges along the road, limit the views out of the conservation Spaces which help to reinforce the boundary area. They also help to define the line. At Wallow Bank Farmhouse, at street boundaries within the Trees and open spaces form an essential element in Chipping the northern end of the conservation conservation area. Trees, which are Warden, contributing to the character area, the boundary hedge helps to considered to be important, are given screen the possible Neolithic a Tree Preservation Order. of the conservation area. funerary site. The greens form key open spaces. A Tree Preservation Order or TPO is They are the focal point within the To the south, trees are a greater a type of legal protection that can be visual contributor. They help to placed on important trees by the village, acting as the centre from which roads radiate out and where create back drops to views, such as Local Planning Authority. This buildings cluster. the church and to Edgcote protection means that before any Gatehouse, which also helps to limit works are carried out to the tree, for

There are also some important views towards the main house. In a example pruning or felling, spaces within Chipping Warden, similar way they also contribute to permission from the Local Planning which contribute to the character of creating the pinch point between the Authority must be sort first. the conservation area. These are two greens. Trees are a positive large areas of open private land, feature within this section of the Trees within a conservation area also often gardens, which are situated conservation area and help have a similar level of protection behind tall boundary walls. Although contribute to the rural and insular feel where the Local Planning Authority not publicly accessible, these to the south side of the conservation must be informed six weeks prior to contribute to the character and area. any work being carried out. This appearance of the conservation area, however, only applies to trees that as they create breaks in the built There are some specifically identified have a stem diameter of 75mm or environment, which produces a trees considered to be important. The above when measured at 1.5m greater perception of space. lime trees on the northern green, above ground level. provide a dominating feature within With regards to trees and vegetation, the open space. While the southern green has an attractive tree, of a there is a contrast between the north Figures 24 –26: Important Lime Trees on the and south of the conservation area. weeping variety, which provides a very attractive visual contributor to north green (top); View along Hogg End and The north has very few large trees, the contribution made by the vegetation except for the three that dominate the the green. (middle); The creation of space by private green. The terraced developments open plots behind boundary walls is clearly There are a number of fine mature shown from Mill Lane over towards the Manor along the east side of Byfield Road, House (bottom). means there is little space for trees to trees within the conservation area, many in private gardens that make a grow and this continues around to 13 the west, as Byfield Road curves strong contribution to the character of through the village. There are some the area. These trees help to create defined boundaries to the road and to 4. Spatial Analysis

4.5 Scale and massing At the corner of Byfield Road and The majority of properties within Culworth Road the development has Chipping Warden are two storey, with a fairly crowded plot layout, which some of the more substantial has resulted in narrow and short buildings reaching three storeys in interlocking plots. This congestion height. Most properties run parallel has resulted in the Wesleyan Chapel with the road and tend to sit on the (1884) being built further back in to boundary fronting the street. its plot, because the street frontage is far too narrow to be effectively used. This is due to the positioning of the Most of the houses are built on th narrow plots, which has resulted in earlier properties, built from the 16 several rows of terraced properties. century onwards. These are created as either one property subdivided into units with As the roads reach the edges of the associated plots or a mixture of style village, particular on Byfield Road, and design which have become the plots become larger in size as do terraced together through different the buildings. They do however retain phases of development. The larger their position along the street properties tend to sit in substantial boundary helping to create a defined plots with extensive gardens, often edge. Other larger buildings include surrounded by uniform boundary the Manor and the Old Rectory. walls. These differing plot sizes These have an impact by creating a create an interesting juxtaposition, sense of space, due to their lack of between the dense development and development within the large plots. large open spaces with limited development. The southern half of the conservation area has a mixed pattern and density The north section of the conservation of development. There are a number area has a greater density to its built of buildings, which have been environment, with terraced rows of terraced. These are situated around properties built on the street the green, as well as along the Mill boundary. There is limited access off Lane and Hogg End. Although with the street, which helps to maintain narrow frontages, they tend to have Figures 27-32: (Clockwise from the top left) the fine grain. There are some small longer plots which extend back from Terraced properties along Byfield Road; View the streetscape. passageways on the corner terrace from Church Graveyard across to the along Byfield Road, however these terraced properties opposite the south green; are only at ground floor level and Terraced properties on Mill Lane; The There are a number of14 larger Granary, Mill Lane; A tightly developed area covered over by the first floor, which detached properties with spacious at the corner of Byfield Road and Culworth plots in the south. These tend to sit reaches across. Road; development along Culworth Road either on the street boundary or in a 4. Spatial Analysis

few instances back in their plots. capped with spherical finials. These These properties do retain a strong along with the gate lodge form an boundary often through the use of attractive termination point and vegetation and boundary walls. This maybe are a planned feature. mix of plot sizes and the position of the building, creates a more organic There are very few views out of the feel to the development of the area, conservation area. However views helping to produce the rural out to the wider countryside tend to character. be from the edge of the village.

4.6 Views Within the conservation area, views are limited. They tend to follow the streetscape, with a mix of long views down linear roads channelled between the defined boundary, or short views that curve in and out following the natural topography of the roads and the building line.

The church spire acts as a focal point in many of the views, as it sits above the tree line and the roofscape in the area. The greens also allow for interesting views down the various Figure 33: View down Mill Lane at the roads which stem from them, as well southern end (right) as attractive views into the greens. The southern green has several Figure 34: View of the gates to attractive views which take in the Edgcote House from Mill Lane (below right) church, graveyard and the market cross base. Figure 35: View down Byfield Road, with the church tower visible over the One important view within the village roofscape. Interrupted by the numerous overhead wires cutting across the is the view to the Gate House on the street (below left). corner of Mill Lane. This section of Mill Lane is linear with wide grass Figure 36: View across the open 15 verges, which focuses the view down country side (left). to the attractive gate posts, which are 4. Spatial Analysis

Figure 37: Important Spatial Features in the Chipping Warden Conservation Area.

Proposed Conservation Area

Listed Building

Other Significant Building

Important Wall

Important Hedge

Tree Preservation Order - Area

Important Tree or Tree Group

Registered Village Green

Important Open Space

Important View

16 3. History and development

3.1 Background In addition, a substantial number of held by Guy de Reinbueduct. He held distinction. The market cross base The parish of Chipping Warden and finds have been identified as Iron two hides and three virgates within still stands outside the church. It 1 Edgcote covers more than 950 Age. A key site from this period is the area, as well as 1 /2 carucates of forms a squared based pyramid with hectares. The river Cherwell flows Arbury Camp, which sits south-west arable land. These were all steps leading up to a pinnacle stone. along the south and east boundaries of the village. This is believed to be measures of land used during the This top stone has a socket carved of the parish, with the Oxfordshire an Iron Age fortified site with medieval period to identify the land into it and it is thought this may have county boundary forming the south- defensive enclosures and holdings of an individual. There was held the base of the market cross, west edge. The modern parish also embankments. Several gold staters also a priest and two cottagers in the although others believe it may have includes the medieval village of or coins, some of which have Remic area, as well as two mills. Guy de been to store weights, used to Trafford, which became deserted in detailing, a "three-strand tailed Reinbueduct also held ten other measure items sold in the market. 1547. horse", have been found and have lordships in Northamptonshire. helped to date the encampment. The medieval village appears to have 3.2 Prehistory & Roman “Cheping-wardon,” as a name, did centred around this southern green, th There is considerable evidence of Other evidence suggests there was not appear until 12 year of Henry III with the medieval church, market activity and habitation in and around Roman occupation within the parish. (1219), although it is said to originate cross and the remains of a moated Chipping Warden from both the Iron To the south east of the village lies from Old English. Chipping derives site situated south of the village, Age and Roman periods. Evidence of the remains of a roman villa and bath from the Saxon word “Ceopan” which is believed to be the early occupation can be seen, in the house at Black Grounds, supposedly meaning “market,” or “ceapan” manorial site to Chipping Warden. fortified iron age site of Arbury Bank named Brinavis (Beesley, 1841). meaning to buy or cheapen. Warden and the Roman Villa at Black Foundation stones, ashes and potentially derives from the village’s Grounds. pottery were all found on the site, as connection to Warden Hill located to well as coins dated to AD 250 – 390. the north east. This was a lookout With regards to earlier human position during the early medieval activity, some large flint implements 3.3 Anglo-Saxon/Early Medieval period. The name “Warden” may also have been discovered within the Activity within the parish during this have evolved from the word “Weard” parish and at Wallow Bank early medieval period, included the meaning to watch and dun meaning Farmhouse, a cottage in the north of possible site of the battle of hill, compounded to form Warden. the village where a possible Neolithic Danesmoor, a fight between the This use of Old English suggests that funerary site has been identified. Saxons and Danes during the 9th the village may have had Anglo Earthworks located in the garden of century. An iron bolt head with a Saxon origins. the property have suggested it hinged barb, was discovered on contains a Neolithic burial site, Warden Hill and was interpreted in It is thought the name arose due to although no further investigation has the 19th century as being a remnant the market which was held in the been undertaken. These artefacts from the battle. village during this time. Henry de suggest that there was potentially Braybrook, during the reign of Henry some Neolithic activity within the 3.4 Medieval III, obtained a grant to allow for a market to be held within his manor of 17 village and surrounding area. At the time of the Domesday survey, Wardon. The possession of the Figure 6: The medieval base of the “Waredone Hund,” as it is thought market by the village was a great market cross is situated outside the Chipping Warden was known as, was church on the south green 5. Architectural Analysis

5.1 Building age, type and style may have originally had an 5.2 Materials The medieval core of Chipping agricultural purposes. The Manor Ironstone dominates the village of Warden is focused around St. Peter House Cottages appear to be one Chipping Warden. The majority of and St. Paul’s Church, which has such example, as there is a cart buildings are constructed from 13th century origins but with the opening along the front façade, coursed squared ironstone with majority of construction from the 14th which has now been in-filled as part irregular quoins at the corners. This and 15th centuries. Further medieval of the conversion to residential use. is seen in all buildings from the development within the vicinity th vernacular to the more formal comes in the form of the market The 18 century saw further designs. cross base, a fine 13th/14th century vernacular and polite forms of example, situated near the church. development occurring in the area. Brick is also used within the village. Further evidence suggests that there This includes the development of the This appears to be limited to the was an additional medieval west side of the Court House and the fronting of properties as well as other development in the area through the associated outbuildings on either alterations including the raising of the re-use of medieval stonework in later side of the road including the Cow roof, to allow the roof covering to be buildings. For example the door of Shed, Stables and the Granary, changed from thatch to slate. Jasmine Cottage, a 16th century which are all residential now. vernacular building, has been built There is some limited render, with a 14th century gothic arch, with The Rose and Crown Public House however this is a modern addition was built during this period, while the moulded surrounds. th and not traditional to the Griffin Inn was built in the 17 conservation area. The majority of development within century. The Rose and Crown, the village seems to have occurred in appears to be a coaching inn, as it the 16th and 17th centuries. Several has a large coach arch and several of the larger and grander properties outbuildings at the rear of the in the middle and south of the village property, needed for guests using the Turnpike. Both properties underwent originate from this period. The Court th House and the Manor are two such further works in the 19 century. examples. These have a more formal th appearance and design and are also The 19 century saw limited new larger in scale and size. development, however, a number of alterations appear to have taken There are also vernacular buildings, place at the time. This work included which survive from this period, the re-facing of properties, which can be seen in No.4 Byfield Road. Here Figures 38 - 40: Porch of Jasmine Cottage including evidence of cruck (top left); Manor House Cottage (middle left); structures, where the blades are still the front façade has clearly been altered allowing for it to have a new The Rose and Crown Pub (middle bottom) visible inside the properties. There is 18 some suggestion that other brick frontage with attractive round Figure 41: Brick re-fronting of properties along vernacular buildings from this period head windows. Byfield Road (above right)

5. Architectural Analysis

5.3 Roofscape and they are joined at the top with a 5.4 Windows traditional in appearance, or with The main roofing material, historically projecting course either a coping The two main window types within storm proofing, a non-traditional would have been thatch, with several stone or brick band. This allows for the conservation area are stone design. Some inappropriate examples being retained within the an attractive gap to be created mullioned windows and casement replacements have also been used village. This appears to be combed between the stacks. A number have windows, other examples are visible, including uPVC frames, weather wheat reed and several have been constructed in ashlar ironstone, but these tend to dominate. stripping and trickle vents which are examples of decorative ridges. The on the more polite properties. While not traditional features within majority of the thatch is finished with the vernacular properties tend to There are several examples of stone casement windows. a rolled gable end usually half construct theirs out of black mullioned windows within the hipped. There are a few examples in engineering brick or red brick. The conservation area. Some have There are some sash windows, often majority of other chimneys tend to be in properties which have been altered more polite and formal properties, detailed hooded mouldings and th where stone copping with kneelers made from plain red brick. others with chamfered edges to the in the 19 century, although these on the gable ends, allowing for a surrounds and mullions. These are limited within the conservation neater finish. historically would have been glazed area. with leaded lights and some There are some examples of plain examples have been retained. While There are a number of unique ranges clay tile and slate being used within others have been adapted to hold of windows within the village. The Manor House, has some examples of the village. The Manor House has a timber casement frames and on th clay tiled roof, while the Rose and occasion uPVC frames. 17 century Cross Windows, four Crown Public House has a slate roof. light transomed windows. While the Timber casement windows form the Old Post Office has retained its However, although some traditional other main window type. These historic shop front. The window is materials are retained within the generally have timber lintels with located adjacent to the door and is village, the large majority of roofs stone or clay tiled cills. The emphasis square in shape. It is one single have had their original roofing is on the horizontal and the panes casement opening, thus allowing the material replaced with more modern are further subdivided by the glazing whole window to be open at any one alternatives. These include concrete bars. Many of the original windows time. tiles, asbestos tiles, artificial stone have been replaced with modern slate as well as modern clay tiles. timber frames, either flush fitting and One final window detail within the This use of non-traditional materials conservation area is the use of demonstrates how the special eyebrow dormers. These are windows that sit at the roof eaves of character of a conservation area can start to be eroded through the buildings. Along the eaves line, when Figures 42-44: The thatched roof of Church it reaches a window, it curves over introduction of inappropriate Cottage and Church End Cottage (top); An materials. example of the local design of chimney, in the top of the window, creating a ashlar ironstone (bottom left); An example of shape that resembles an eyebrow. the local design of chimney in red brick with One interesting detail within the Some examples have retained 19 this black engineering brick details detail (bottom detail, even after the roofing material village is the design of the chimneys. right) has been changed. Each stack is individually constructed 5. Architectural Analysis

5.5 Doors As with the roofs the majority of doors in the village have been replaced with modern alternatives. There are some historic doors still in situ, which contribute to the character of the building. The two main forms of historic door, are the timber planked door and the timber raised and fielded panelled door.

The plank door, traditionally is very simple and used in vernacular style properties, as can be seen in the Old School House. However, in some instances fillets have been applied over the joints between the planks along with additional stud detailing. These are probably not original but mid 19th to early 20th century in date. The Courthouse may have an early example of a planked door with fillets and stud decoration.

Another feature of the area is the use of porches. The Court House and No.41 Byfield Road, are both fairly formal and polite styles of property, have both got stone built single storey porches with gable ended roofs. These are recent additions to the properties. In the case of the Court House it is believed to be 19th century in date. Furthermore another interesting porch is the 19th century cast iron porch that sits at the front of Jasmine Cottage. 20 Figures 45-55: A variety of examples of doors and windows from within Chipping Warden 5. Architectural Analysis

5.6 Positive Buildings

Figure 55 identifies buildings which make a positive contribution to the character of the conservation area. This contribution may be in one or more of the following ways:

• Buildings which provide evidence

of the area’s history and development,

• Buildings of architectural merit,

• Buildings with local historical associations,

• Buildings which exemplify local

vernacular styles, • Groups of buildings which together make a positive contribution to the streetscape.

There should be a presumption in favour of their retention in all but exceptional circumstances.

A number of these important buildings are listed as they are of national importance because of their Figure 56: Significant buildings in Chipping Warden including historic or architectural interest. It is those listed buildings of an offence to undertake alterations to architectural or historic interest. a listed building without first gaining permission to do so from the Local © Crown copyright. All rights Planning Authority. and database rights reserved. South Northamptonshire Council 100022487 2013

21 Listed Building/Wall Other Significant Building 6. Boundary Justification

6.1 Boundary Justification 6.3 West Boundary Road and Ladyship Cottage, The boundary cuts across the Section 69 of the Planning (Listed From Mill Lane House, the boundary Appletree Road). It continues along Culworth Road to encompass the Buildings and Conservation Areas) turns northwards and extends along the rear plot boundary of the small area of green grass at the front Act 1990 places a duty on Local the side of the Court House’s properties that sit along the north side of the entrance to the Manor House. Planning Authorities to designate as extensive gardens. It then turns of the Banbury Road and the west conservation areas any “areas of westwards to follows the rear plot side of the Byfield Road as the road With regards to the Manor, the special architectural or historic boundary of Hogg End House, continues northwards. conservation area boundary interest the character and continuing along to Gemini, 33 Hogg continues westwards including the appearance of which it is desirable to End, where the boundary At the north end of Byfield Road, the formal gardens and domesticated preserve or enhance”. encompasses the entire garden, of boundary cuts in behind the Long areas of the Manor as well as the No. 33 as well as No. 29 and 31 Hogg Barrows, and runs along the rear house and associated outbuildings. It It is the quality of the area rather than End. boundary of the Tack Room and excludes the agricultural land and the individual buildings which should Walllow Bank Farmhouse, which front tennis courts situated to the south. be the prime consideration in Along the north side of Hogg End the Byfield Road. identifying conservation areas. It is boundary follows the front plot The boundary reaches Mill lane and also important that the concept is not boundaries until it reaches No.20 6.4 Northern Boundary continues southwards along the devalued by designating areas Hogg End. Here, the boundary The boundary continues around prominent boundary wall of the lacking any special interest. These extends to include No. 20 Hogg End, Wallow Bank and then cuts Manor, which is included within the considerations have been recognised and continues eastwards to include eastwards across Byfield Road before conservation area. This continues to in the adoption of the current the large and dominating Old Rectory turning southwards along the eastern the Lodge, 23 Mill Lane, previously Chipping Warden Conservation Area, wall that fronts the road. Where the boundary of the road. the Gate Lodge for Edgcote. The the boundary of which are defined as wall runs along the plot boundary of boundary continues southwards for a follows. No 18 Hogg End, the property or plot 6.5 Eastern Boundary short distance along the footpath and behind have not been included into The boundary continues along Byfield the grass verge, before the tree cover 6.2 Southern Boundary the conservation area but the wall has Road’s eastern boundary, although starts allowing for the impressive gatepost to be included in the The boundary line runs along the rear been. no properties are included in the boundary line. conservation area. of plots No. 25-31 Mill Lane. It extends further south encompassing As the western boundary continues northwards, it follows the plot However, at the southern end of The boundary the cuts back to the the garden of the Spring House, No. Lodge and turns south following the 33 Mill Lane, following the boundary boundary of the Old Rectory, Byfield Road, the boundary extends including the listed wall to the west of eastwards to include the Wesleyan western edge of the buildings to the up the west side of the property rear of the Lodge. before crossing Mill Lane to include the plot, before it turns east along the Chapel. This encompasses all the Mill Lane House, 26 Mill Lane and the prominent front boundary wall of the properties on the corner of Byfield formal gardens associated with the Old Rectory, which fronts the Banbury and Culworth Road. The boundary property. Road. continues eastwards along the rear of the Griffin Inn, before cutting down to 22 The boundary line crosses the the Culworth Road and running along Banbury Road to include the the northern boundary of the road. Ladyship Cottages (No 2&3 Banbury 6. Boundary Justification

Figure 58: The Chipping Warden Conservation Area.

23 7. Management Plan

7.1 Policy Context small group of dwellings; or the It is not just inappropriate alterations The Planning (Listed Buildings and conversion of an existing building. to private buildings which pose a Conservation Areas) Act 1990 places threat, ill-considered alterations to a duty on Local Planning Authorities Such development and the the public realm can also result in the to formulate and publish proposals incremental urbanisation and loss of an area of special character for the preservation and extension of existing properties and appearance. Shop fronts, enhancement of their conservation could, if not handled sensitively, signage, street furniture, parked cars areas. Conservation area pose a significant threat to the and public utilities have a cumulative management proposals should be character and appearance of the and sometimes detrimental effect on published as part of the process of Chipping Warden conservation area, the quality of the streetscape. area designation and review. Their one which could lead to the erosion aim is to provide guidance through of its special character. The aim of management proposals is policy statements to assist in the not to prevent changes but to ensure preservation and enhancement of The main threat to the area is the that any such changes are the conservation area. cumulative impact of the numerous sympathetic to and enhance the and often small scale alterations that character and appearance. 7.2 Threats occur to unlisted traditional buildings within the village. These changes Chipping Warden is an attractive include works such as the rural village. However, there are a replacement of traditional windows, number of threats and issues arising doors, roofing materials and pointing which have the potential to detract with unsympathetic modern from the character of Chipping Figure 59: Example of both traditional alternatives as well as the removal of (bottom) and uPVC windows (top) Warden. Addressing these now, traditional features such as boundary offers the opportunity to enhance the walls, which can result in the erosion (top window) can alter the character conservation area. Positive of the character and appearance of of a property substantially. It is often conservation management will the conservation area. the small elements, such as the ensure the ongoing protection to increase in the thickness of the preserve and enhance the village’s Such alterations to unlisted frame, the change of opening special character. residential properties are for the mechanism and the lack of most part permitted development functioning glazing bars that all Chipping Warden was designated as and out of the local planning contribute to the loss of the special a Restricted Infill Village in the South authority’s control with planning quality in the area. Northamptonshire Local Plan permission not being required. adopted 1997. Policy H5 of that plan The character of an area can (resaved on 28 September 2007) Figure 60 shows how the therefore be quickly eroded, through restricts development within such the use of unsympathetic materials, replacement of something as simple 24 villages to the infilling of a small gap as the original sash windows (bottom designs and loss of original features. in an otherwise built frontage; or a window) with inappropriate uPVC Figures 60 & 61: There are various threats to the conservation area including modern kerbing materials and satellite dishes. 7. Management Plan

7.3 Management Proposals Action 1: Action 2: retain historic paving materials New development must respond Consider the imposition of Article whenever possible. Careful design 1. Sensitive new development sensitively and creatively to the 4 Directions on buildings of and sensitive use of materials will be in the conservation area historic environment. significance across the expected in any future re-surfacing works that take place in Chipping To be successful, any future conservation area to ensure that 2. Protect surviving historic positive architectural features are Warden. development within the conservation area needs to be mindful of the local architectural forms retained and any replacement Action 4: character as appraised above, while As a result of the quality of buildings doors or windows do not harm the at the same time being distinctly of within the village and the limited character of the conservation area. Encourage statutory undertakers st the 21 century and addressing number of buildings that are subject to rationalise and remove contemporary issues such as to statutory protection, there has Action 2.1: unnecessary clutter within the sustainability. been some incremental loss of Establish a list of locally conservation area and replace with traditional architectural detailing in significant buildings and policies appropriate solutions. Also work Successful new development in the conservation area. The for their protection as part of the with the highways authorities to historic areas should: replacement of traditional windows, forthcoming Core Strategy. avoid the insertion of inappropriate kerbing and doors and roofing material with footpaths which would have a • Relate well to the geography and inappropriate materials and designs 3. Boundary walls history of the place and the lie of is a negative feature that affects both harmful urbanising affect. Stone boundary walls are a the land, individual buildings and the wider significant element of the character of area. • Sit happily in the pattern of Chipping Warden. Any new boundary 5. Traffic

existing development and routes walls should be constructed of The flow of traffic, associated street Owners of all historic properties, not through and around it, suitable stone, and be of an furniture and signage affects the just those which are listed, should be • Respect important views, appropriate height and coursing to fit appearance of a conservation area. encouraged to replace inappropriate • Respect the scale of neighbouring well with existing walls. Unnecessary clutter does have an modern materials with appropriate buildings, adverse effect on the character, as traditional materials. Materials such • Use materials and building Action 3: does the heavy flow of traffic through as uPVC and concrete tiles look out the weight, noise and pollution methods which are as high in Boundary walls which make a of place in the Chipping Warden created. quality as those used in existing Conservation Area and their use is positive contribution to the buildings, discouraged and removal supported. character of the conservation area Action 5: • Create new views and will be retained. New boundary juxtapositions which add to the The establishment of a list of locally treatments should fit with the Encourage schemes and works variety and texture of their setting. significant buildings and policies for character of existing boundary that would aim to assist in their protection within the forthcoming walls. reducing the impact of the traffic (Source: CABE, 2001) Local Development Framework and associated street furniture would also assist in the protection of 4. Paving and surfacing within the conservation area, where appropriate. 25 the conservation area. Opportunities should be taken to

enhance areas of paving and to 7. Management Plan

6. Open spaces the character and appearance of structures within the conservation development adjacent to the Open spaces are an important the conservation area. area. conservation area. feature within Chipping Warden’s conservation area, particularly 8. Satellite Antennas 10. Tree management Action 11: around the two greens. Opportunities Satellite and radio antennas are non Conservation area designation The impact of development on the should be taken to preserve and traditional features which have the affords protection to trees from character and appearance of the where possible enhance the potential to disfigure the appearance unauthorised felling or lopping. The conservation area should be character and appearance of these of traditional buildings. Care must be full canopies of large mature trees considered. This applies equally spaces. taken to ensure that they are located have a significant and positive impact to development outside the where they will not impact on the on the character of the conservation conservation area if it is likely to Action 6: significance of heritage assets and area. affect the setting of the the character and appearance of the conservation area. Promote the sympathetic conservation area. Action 10: management of areas of open Large mature trees should be 12. Protect archaeological space within the conservation Action 8: remains area, including verges. retained wherever possible in Require the location of satellite order to preserve the character of Chipping Warden has been antennas in inconspicuous sites the conservation area. inhabited for many centuries and 7. Renewable Energy sources to prevent harm to the historic Opportunities should be taken as buried evidence of past occupation Whilst the Council is supportive of character and visual appearance appropriate to plant young trees in may survive in the village. the sustainability agenda it also of the area. order to ensure the continued Development proposals should take recognises that many sources of existence of mature trees in the into account the potential for renewable energy and micro 9. Telegraph poles, lamp future. remains of archaeological interest. generation have the potential to harm standards and overhead Professional advice should be the character and appearance of the cables. 11. Development affecting the sought, and appropriate conservation area. Care therefore The visual impact of overhead wires, setting of the conservation assessment undertaken. needs to be taken to balance the telegraph poles and lamp standards area. needs of climate change with the has the potential to dominate and It is important that development Action 12: preservation of the historic disfigure the character and around the conservation area does Development which involves environment. appearance of the conservation area. not harm its setting. Any below-ground excavation must Action is needed to ensure that this development in or around Chipping have regard to the potential for Action 7: situation does not occur. Warden which affects the setting of remains of archaeological Encourage the sympathetic the conservation area should have interest . location of solar panels, wind Action 9: regard to views into and out of the turbines and other sources of Encourage the undergrounding of conservation area, the setting of micro generation to cables to reduce the visual positive buildings and the character 26 inconspicuous roof slopes and pollution caused by overhead of the landscape. Appropriate design building elevations where they will lines and their supporting and materials should be used in not have a detrimental impact on 8. Sources of Further Information

References Gover, Mawer & Stenton (1933) The Society for the Protection of reproduced without the permission of Anon (1985) The Parish History of Place-Names of Northamptonshire, Ancient Buildings (SPAB) Ordnance Survey. Chipping Warden & Edgcote, London: Cambridge University Press www.spab.org.uk The text and photographs in this

Chipping Warden A good source of practical information report may not be reproduced for Internet Sources about looking after buildings of all profit and must be appropriately Baker, (1822) The History and referenced if reproduced. • www.british-history.ac.uk periods. Antiquities of the County of Ancient Monuments Society Contact Details Northampton , Volume 1, London: J.B • www.rnrpenvironmentalcharact Nichols And Son er.org.uk/ www.ams.org.uk Rhiannon Rhys Assistant Conservation Officer • www.imagesofengland.org.uk Devoted to the study and conservation of Bridges, (1791) The Histories and ancient monuments, historic buildings South Northamptonshire Council Antiquities of Northamptonshire • http://archaeologydataservice. and fine old craftsmanship, with a Springfields, Towcester, NN12 6AE [email protected] Volume 1, Oxford: T. Payne ac.uk/archsearch/ particular interest in church buildings. Telephone: 01327 322381 • http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/ Georgian Group CABE, (2001) ‘Building in Context: search www.georgiangroup.org.uk New development in historic areas’ Interested in the study and conservation Department of Communities and For further information of 18th- and early 19th-century buildings. Local Government, (2012) National Further information on the historic Victorian Society Planning Policy Framework environment can be found at: www.victoriansociety.org.uk • Northamptonshire Records Office English Heritage, (2011) Interested in the appreciation and Understanding Place: Conservation • Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire conservation of 19th and early 20th century buildings of all types. Area, Designation, Appraisal and Libraries The following websites are a useful Management South Northamptonshire Council source of local history information: have also produced a guidance note Lewis (1848) A Topographical on conservation areas which provides • http://www.britishhistory.ac.uk/ - Dictionary of England, London: S further information on what digital library of local history Lewis & Co. designation means. This can be resources. found at the following address: • http://www.nationalarchives.gov. Pevsner, (1973) The Buildings of uk/ - historic public records online. England, Northamptonshire, London: www.southnorthants.gov.uk/3891. Yale University Press htm Copyright RCHM, (1982), County of There are also a wide range of All Ordnance Survey maps are Northampton, Archaeological Sites, national societies devoted to the reproduced under licence. Ordnance 27 Volume 4, South West, London: study and conservation of historic Survey maps may not be copied or HMSO buildings, a few are listed below:

Published in March 2013 by South Northamptonshire Council. Council Offices, Springfields, Towcester. NN12 6AE Tel 01327 322 322 email: [email protected] website www.southnorthants.gov.uk