The Biology and Population Ecology of Stenocranus I4inutus (Fabvicius) (Delphacidae-Hemiptera)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Biology and Population Ecology of Stenocranus I4inutus (Fabvicius) (Delphacidae-Hemiptera) THE BIOLOGY AND POPULATION ECOLOGY OF STENOCRANUS I4INUTUS (FABVICIUS) (DELPHACIDAE-HEMIPTERA) by YIN YIN MAY, B.Sc. (Hons.), M.Sc. (Rgn.) A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty k..f Science University of London . Imperial College of Science and Technology, Silwood Park December, 1970. Sunninghill, Ascot, Berkshire. 1 o (2) ABSTRACT The biology and population; dynamics of Stenocranus minutus (Fab.;) were studied during the period from March 1965 to September 1970 in a small area of cocksfoot grass- land (Dactyliq plomerata, L;) arSilwood nark, Berkshire: minutus is univeltine and overwinters in the adult stage; The adults emerge at the end of August to the begin- ning of October: 'Ile adult female is di-morphic with a non- -migrant form and an obligatory migrant. form; the former is sub-mq.cropterous and the latter macropterous. Emigration occurs on emergence: for a short period• only; The females and males are not, sexually mature on emergence; In winter, ,the adults hibernate among the litter underneath the host plant and re-emerge, when the temperature becomes favourable in spring. Oviposition takes place from end of April to beginning of July; The eggs are laid on the green parts of the grass tussocks: There are five nymphal instars, appearing in the second half of Juile and disappearing in the second half "of September: Adult, and nymphal numbers were estimated by sampling large, medium and small tussocks in each plot, by means of various methods which are mentioned in detail in the thesis; The egg population was estimated by cutting_one-eighth of large tussocks, one-quaiter of medium tussocks and one-half of 1 small tussocks; bringing them back into the laboratory, and examining each stem for the numbers of eggs laid and converting these results into the total egg population estimate. Losses of the adult population were caused mainly by predation by spiders and nabids, by parasitism by pipunculids and mites, by emigration which was partly related tr. deteriora- -tion of the habitat and by winter deaths: Nymphal mortality 1. (b) was also due to predation by spiders, nabids, mirids, anthoco- -rids and mites, by weather factors such as rainfall, fluctua- -tions in temperature and relative humidity, and by deterio- -ration of habitat; Egg mortality resulted from sterility, predation by Heteroptera and from parasitism by MYmaridae; Extreme fluctuation in climatic conditions also conbituted to death of the eggs; Population budgets are presented for the years 1969 and 1970„ 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS page ABSTRACT 1 TABLE OF CONANTS 2 INTRODUCTION 8 SECTION I. BIOLOGY OF STENOCRANUS MINUTUS 11 1. Description of the habitat and the host plant. 11 (i)The habitat 11 (ii)The host plant 13 2. Methods of rearing 14 3. Life history of Stenocranus minutus 15 (i) General observations on the life history of S. minutus 15 (ii) The egg stage 17 A. Description of the egg stage 17 B. Numbers arid distribution of oviposition sites 18 C. Effect of temperature on the egg 19 D. Effect of different humidities on the egg 21 (iii) The nymphal stages 22 A. Eclosion and behaviour of nymphs 22 B. Durations of nymphal instars 25 C. Rates of growth of different parts of the body of Stenocranus, estimated by their linear measurements in successive instars 26 D. Development of other characters throughout successive instars 30 E. Key for separating successive instars of S. minutus 35 3• Page (iv) The adult stage 37 A. Introduction 37 B. Sub-macropterous forms 37 C,. Macropterous forms 38 D. The female insect 39 E. The male insect 44 F. The main differences between the two forms 45 Sexual maturation 46 (i) Internal male reproductive organs 46 (ii)Internal female reproductive organs 46 (iii)Changes in the reproductive organs in both sexes 48 (±v) Rate of maturation in the macropterous forms 53 Observations on female reproduction 54 (i) Laboratory studies on pre-oviposition period 57 (ii)Fecundity in the field 58 (iii)laboratory studies on oviposition 60 A. Fecundity of sub-macropters in the outdoor insectary 60 B. Fecundity of macropters in the outdoor insectary 63 C. Fecundity of sub-macropters in the constant temperature rooms 64 DC; Fecundity of macropters in the constant: 66 temperature rooms 66 E. Rate of oviposition in the sub-macropters Page F. Correlation between number of eggs laid by Stenocranus and duration of oviposition period 67 G. Effects of overcrowding on oviposition 68 (iv) ,-.7117eight changes 74 (v) Changes in the fat body throughout the season 79 6,; Flight activity of the adult 81 (1) Dispersal of the adult 81 (ii) Methods used to study the flight activity 87 A. Examinations of weekly samples of adults to determine the proportion of macropterous forms 87 B.; By means of water traps 88 By means of sticky traps 89 E; By the use of suction traps 89 SECTION II. BIOLOGY OF THE P'RASITES AND PREDATORS OF STENOCRANUS MINUTUS' 1; Methods for rearing parasites 94 2 Life history of the egg parasite, Anagrus incarnatus Haliday (Nymaridae) 94 (i) Life history of A; incarnatus 94 (ii) External morphology of the different stages 98 A: The egg stage 98 B. First larval stage 99 C. Second larval stage 99 D. Pupal stage 99 E. Adult stage: 100 5. Page (iii) Effects of parasitism on ,the eggs 103 3: Life history of the nymphal and adult parasite, Cephaloris curtifrons Coa 103 •(1) Introduction 103 (ii) Methods 104 (iii)Life history of Cephalops curtifrons Coe 105 (iv) External morphology of the different stages 111 A. The egg stage 111 B. First instar larva 111 C. Second instar larva 112 D; The pRpal3stage 114 E. The adult female and male 115 F. Effects of parasitism on external features of sub-macropterous forms 118 G; Effect of parasitism on reproductive organs of sub-macropterous forms 121 11; Effect on host movement 122 I; Effect of parasitism on macropters 123 4; The ectoparasite of adults and nymphs, Charletonia singularis (Oudeman) 124 5: Methods for rearing predators T26 6:Total fauna of predators in the field 127 7, Predators of the egg stage 129 8; Predators of the nymphal and adult stage 133 SECTION III. POPULATION STUDIES T; Methods of sampling the population 148 (1) The egg stage 148 A; Method I 148 B; Method II 149 C. Method III 150 6,, page. (ii) The nymphal and adult stages- 151 A. Method I 151 B. Method II 151 C. Method III 152 D. Method IV 152 E. Method V 153 2, Analysis and comparison of different methods of sampling 154 (i)The egg stage 134 (ii)The nymphal and adult stages 157 3. Analysis of population data obtained from different methods 162 (i)Distribution of adult S. minutus in the field 162 (ii)Survivorship and mortality of the adults from peak numbers 165 (iii)Sex ratio 165 (iv)Fecundity 166 (v)Estimation of recruitment and mortality in different stages in the life cycle of S. minutus 168 (v1) Fluctuations in the numbers of macropterous forms 177 4. Causes of mortality 177 (i) Mortality in the egg stage 177 A. Sterility of eggs 180 B. Egg parasites 180 C. Egg predators 181 D. Stem rot 183 E. Other factors 184 7 • page () Mortality in the nymphal stages 185 A. Failure to hatch 186 B. Weather factors 186 C. Predation 186 D. Parasitism 187 E. Numbers taken for dissection in the laboratory 187 (iii) Mortality in the adult stages A. Parasitism 188 B. Predation 189 C. Emigration 189 D. "Winter disappearance" 189 E. Numbers taken for dissection 190 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION 192 GRAPHS AND FIGURES 212 ACKNOWTEDGEMENTS 265 REFERENCES 26/ APPENDIX I 299 APPENDIX II 300 INTRODUCTION This is primarily a study of the seasonal and annual fluctuations in the population of the delphacid,- Stenocranus minutus (Fabricus) on cocksfoot, Dactylis glomerata L. An attempt has been made to estimate the changes in the population, to assess and. interpret natality and mortality quantitatively and, finally, to construct a population. budget. The work was done from Larch 1968 to September 1970. The population of Stenocranus was a small one, composed-of approximately eight to nine thousand adults when they were at their 2 • maximum, living in a more or less closed habitat of 260 m containing approximately 1171 grass tussocks. This delphacid is specifioto Dactvlis glamerata•although Whittaker (1969) found Stenocranus an Brachypodium pinnatum (L) Beauv. The estimates of the adult population, nymphal instars and eggs were obtained by several methods which acted as independent and mutual checks to one another. Causes of mortality were studied quantitatively whenever possible. Some observations were made. on the biology of the mymarid paraSite, Anagrus sp. which was responsible for a proportion of the mortality of eggs and also to the pipunoulid parasite, Cenhalons curtifrons Coe which was responsible for part, of the adult mortality. Only the male individual of Cephalops curtifrons has been described by Coe (1966), and that was based on a single male specimen. The female pipunculid has not been described. description of the female is included in this thesis. Dulng the course of, these investigations, it became evident that certain other aspects of the biology of Stenocranus needed detailed study. Therefore, a fair portion of time was assigned to various, aspects of the biology of the delphacid. These include adult emergence, nymphal emergence, emigration out of the breeding site reproduction and. egg distribution. 9. Although much work has been done on the systematics of Stenocranus, there are only a few published papers on the biology of Stenocranus minutus. The first paper by Hassan (1939) deals with the general bionomics of some British Delphacidae, including Stenocranus minutus and their parasites with special reference to the Strepsiptera.
Recommended publications
  • Proceedings of the United States National Museum
    A CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE HO- MOPTEROUS INSECTS OF THE FAMILY DELPHACID^ OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA. By David L. Crawford, Of Stanford University, California. INTRODUCTION. The family Delphacidas was until quite recently and, in fact, by some authors, is yet considered as a subfamily of the larger group Fulgoridse. By most students now, however, it is separated from its near relatives as a distinct family, chiefly on account of the large, movable spur, or calcar, at the base of the posterior tibias. The most noticeable characteristic of the group as a whole is its homogeneity in general aspect and appearance. There are a few characters which are constant enough in subgroups to serve as diag- nostic characters, and there are others which are too variable to serve that purpose. Some of the latter have, however, been used by many of the previous students with the result that genera and species have multiplied beyond reason and confusion has more and more crept in. This latter fact has been reahzed more strongly as my work on the group has progressed, and it has at last become necessary to rearrange the classification of the genera to some extent in order to avoid much of the prevalent confusion. At the suggestion of Prof. C. F. Baker, of Pomona College, Clare- mont, Cahfornia, the task of working over several collections of speci- mens of this family and naming the species was undertaken some months ago. His own collection of over 2,000 specimens, together with the United States National Museum collection of a still larger number, many of which, also, had been collected by Professor Baker, were placed before me for study.
    [Show full text]
  • Dorothy J. Jackson FRES FLS, Scottish Entomologist: a Bibliography Jack R
    The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Biology and Ecology Faculty Scholarship School of Biology and Ecology 10-2018 Dorothy J. Jackson FRES FLS, Scottish Entomologist: A Bibliography Jack R. McLachlan UMaine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/bio_facpub Part of the Entomology Commons, and the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons Repository Citation McLachlan, JR (2018) Dorothy J. Jackson FRES FLS, Scottish entomologist: a bibliography. Latissimus 42: 10-13 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology and Ecology Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISSN 0966 2235 LATISSIMUS NEWSLETTER OF THE BALFOUR-BROWNE CLUB Number Forty Two October 2018 October 2018 LATISSIMUS 42 10 DOROTHY J. JACKSON FRES FLS, SCOTTISH ENTOMOLOGIST: A BIBLIOGRAPHY Jack R. McLachlan Dorothy Jean Jackson FRES FLS (1892-1973) should be familiar to anyone interested in water beetles. She published prolifically on the ecology, distribution, flight capacity, and parasites of water beetles, and made especially important contributions to our knowledge of dytiscids. Lees (1974) provided a very brief and somewhat accurate obituary. I am currently preparing a more comprehensive biography of her and would be grateful to receive any notes or anecdotes from those that knew or met her. Foster (1991), at the request of the late Hans Schaeflein, was the first effort in putting together a publication list. Here I provide a more extensive bibliography of her work that is almost certainly incomplete, but I think includes most of her scientific output between 1907 and 1973.
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Species of Planthoppers from India (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Delphacidae) in the Genera Parasogata and Eoeurysa
    European Journal of Taxonomy 724: 93–108 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.724.1161 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2020 · Ramya N. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EAA06FE6-F8CA-4494-9191-414ED0F4BC3C Two new species of planthoppers from India (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Delphacidae) in the genera Parasogata and Eoeurysa Ramya N. 1, Charles BARTLETT 2 & Naresh M. MESHRAM 3,* 1,3 Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India. 2 Department of Entomology and Wild Life Ecology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716, USA. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 Email: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:064ACDA0-ECAF-42E2-91D5-85DE937B8EEA 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:47CE21C6-6289-4AD4-90EB-3F03DE1D9BF3 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:3B0F30C0-3391-4143-9169-5F996531AE72 Abstract. The genus Parasogata Zhou, Yang & Chen, 2018 is here reported from India represented by the new species Parasogata sexpartita sp. nov. collected in a recent exploration and survey of delphacids from Nagaland in northeastern India. A second species of Eoeurysa Muir, 1913 from India, the new species Eoeurysa sagittaria sp. nov., was found in Rampur, Una, Himachal Pradesh. Both new species are described with illustrations, and a molecular identification is given with the mtCOI gene sequence. A modified key to species of the genera is also provided. Keywords. Planthopper, morphology, distribution, identification, taxonomy. Ramya N., Bartlett C.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Genus Stenocranus, and a New Species of Mysidia
    THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Vol. XXII JANUARY, 1922 No. 3 A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS STENOCRANUS, AND A NEW SPECIES OF MYSIDIA. (HOMOPTERA). H. L. DOZIER State Plant Board of Mississippi The genus Stenocranus was founded by Fieber in 1866 and since that time three species have been placed in it from Europe, minutus Fab., fuscovittatus Stal. and longipennis Curt., Macul- ipes, described from South America by Berg in 1879 from a single female, has never been recognized since. In 1914, Crawford in his "Contribution towards a Monograph of the Delphacidae" described angustus from British Honduras, rostri* frons from Cuba, and similis from Alabama. Stenocranus crcecus of Van Duzee is now wrongly placed in the genus Kelisia and saccharivorus of Westwood does not seem to belong here. At present there are eight species described from the New World and the following paper brings the total up to twelve. As the original descriptions are widely scattered, for the most part in publications not readily accessible to the ordinary worker, it seems advisable at this time to review the genus, describing the new species and giving comparative outline drawings of heads and the male genitalia, all drawn to the same scale. All of the species, so far as known, with the exception of similis, occur on coarse grasses, rushes and sedges in swampy and boggy places. Similis, however, occurs abundantly on the bamboo-cane, Arundinaria tecta. Nearly all of the members of this genus are of a pale straw to brown color with a more or less distinct dorsal whitish 69 70 H.
    [Show full text]
  • Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) in Central Europe
    Shortened web version University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice Faculty of Science Ecology of Veliidae and Mesoveliidae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) in Central Europe RNDr. Tomáš Ditrich Ph.D. Thesis Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Miroslav Papáček, CSc. University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Education České Budějovice 2010 Shortened web version Ditrich, T., 2010: Ecology of Veliidae and Mesoveliidae (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) in Central Europe. Ph.D. Thesis, in English. – 85 p., Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. Annotation Ecology of Veliidae and Mesoveliidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) was studied in selected European species. The research of these non-gerrid semiaquatic bugs was especially focused on voltinism, overwintering with physiological consequences and wing polymorphism with dispersal pattern. Hypotheses based on data from field surveys were tested by laboratory, mesocosm and field experiments. New data on life history traits and their ecophysiological consequences are discussed in seven original research papers (four papers published in peer-reviewed journals, one paper accepted to publication, one submitted paper and one communication in a conference proceedings), creating core of this thesis. Keywords Insects, semiaquatic bugs, life history, overwintering, voltinism, dispersion, wing polymorphism. Financial support This thesis was mainly supported by grant of The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic No. MSM 6007665801, partially by grant of the Grant Agency of the University of South Bohemia No. GAJU 6/2007/P-PřF, by The Research Council of Norway: The YGGDRASIL mobility program No. 195759/V11 and by Czech Science Foundation grant No. 206/07/0269. Shortened web version Declaration I hereby declare that I worked out this Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diversity and the Abundance Ofcorn Planthopper(Hemiptera: Delphacidae)Inlampung Province
    Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER • OPEN ACCESS The Diversity and the Abundance ofCorn Planthopper(Hemiptera: Delphacidae)inLampung Province To cite this article: R Hasibuan et al 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1751 012043 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 182.1.232.20 on 28/01/2021 at 07:59 ICASMI 2020 IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1751 (2021) 012043 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1751/1/012043 The Diversity and the Abundance ofCorn Planthopper(Hemiptera: Delphacidae)inLampung Province R Hasibuan1, Y Fitriana1, S Ratih1, L Wibowo1,T N Aeny1,FX Susilo1, I G Swibawa1, and F R Lumbanraja2 1Department of Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Indonesia 2Department ofComputer Science, Faculty, University of Lampung, Indonesia Jln. Prof. Dr. Soemantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung 35145 email:[email protected] The outbreak of delphacid planthoppers has been detected across corn-growing regions in South Lampung. Survey study was conducted in three corn fields in Natar District,South Lampung Regency. In each study site, five corn plants were randomly sampled. In each sampled plant, one leaf with maximum number of planthoppers was selected for population recording. Based on the morphological identification results, there were two types of corn planthoppers attacking corn fields during sampling periods: the white bellied-planthopper, Stenocranus pacivicus Kirkaldy and Peregrinus maidis Ashmead. During sampling periods, S. pacivicus was most abundant species, while, the Peregrinus planthopper was almost undetectable. There was similar trend peak of density S. pacificus brachypters & nymph and macropters among the three corn fields.
    [Show full text]
  • The Population of White-Bellied Planthoppers and Their Natural Enemies: the New Pest of Corn in Lampung
    J. HPT Tropika ISSN: 1411-7525 Swibawa et al. The Population of White-Bellied Planthoppers 65 Vol 18, No 1, March 2018 E-ISSN: 2461-0399 Pages: 65–74 DOI : 10.23960/j.hptt.11865-74 THE POPULATION OF WHITE-BELLIED PLANTHOPPERS AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES: THE NEW PEST OF CORN IN LAMPUNG I Gede Swibawa, Franciscus Xaverius Susilo, Agus Muhammad Hariri, & Solikhin 1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Indonesia Jl. Prof. Dr. Sumantri Brodjonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung 35145 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The population of white-bellied planthoppers and their natural enemies: the new pest of corn in Lampung. The white- bellied planthoppers (Stenocranus pasificus), here in after referred to as WBP, as new exotic pests in Lampung have the potential to reduce corn production and threaten national food sovereignty. Therefore, population of the pest needs to be managed to prevent the outbreaks. However, there is still limited information on the bio-ecology of WBP. Thus, this research was conducted to: 1) study the population growth pattern of WBP on various corn cultivars and 2) document the natural enemies of WBP. This research was carried out from May to December 2017with a survey method on several corn fields in South Lampung and planting trial on an experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung planted with 3 corn cultivars, i.e. Madura, P-27 and NK which were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the research showed: 1) there were two peaks of population density observed during plant growth.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of the External Morphology and Functions of Labial Tip Sensilla in Semiaquatic Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha)
    Eur. J. Entomol. 111(2): 275–297, 2014 doi: 10.14411/eje.2014.033 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) A comparison of the external morphology and functions of labial tip sensilla in semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) 1 2 JOLANTA BROŻeK and HERBERT ZeTTeL 1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL 40-007 Katowice, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Natural History Museum, entomological Department, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Heteroptera, Gerromorpha, labial tip sensilla, pattern, morphology, function, apomorphic characters Abstract. The present study provides new data on the morphology and distribution of the labial tip sensilla of 41 species of 20 gerro- morphan (sub)families (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) obtained using a scanning electron microscope. There are eleven morphologically distinct types of sensilla on the tip of the labium: four types of basiconic uniporous sensilla, two types of plate sensilla, one type of peg uniporous sensilla, peg-in-pit sensilla, dome-shaped sensilla, placoid multiporous sensilla and elongated placoid multiporous sub- apical sensilla. Based on their external structure, it is likely that these sensilla are thermo-hygrosensitive, chemosensitive and mechano- chemosensitive. There are three different designs of sensilla in the Gerromorpha: the basic design occurs in Mesoveliidae and Hebridae; the intermediate one is typical of Hydrometridae and Hermatobatidae, and the most specialized design in Macroveliidae, Veliidae and Gerridae. No new synapomorphies for Gerromorpha were identified in terms of the labial tip sensilla, multi-peg structures and shape of the labial tip, but eleven new diagnostic characters are recorded for clades currently recognized in this infraorder.
    [Show full text]
  • The Semiaquatic Hemiptera of Minnesota (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Donald V
    The Semiaquatic Hemiptera of Minnesota (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Donald V. Bennett Edwin F. Cook Technical Bulletin 332-1981 Agricultural Experiment Station University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ...................................3 Key to Adults of Nearctic Families of Semiaquatic Hemiptera ................... 6 Family Saldidae-Shore Bugs ............... 7 Family Mesoveliidae-Water Treaders .......18 Family Hebridae-Velvet Water Bugs .......20 Family Hydrometridae-Marsh Treaders, Water Measurers ...22 Family Veliidae-Small Water striders, Rime bugs ................24 Family Gerridae-Water striders, Pond skaters, Wherry men .....29 Family Ochteridae-Velvety Shore Bugs ....35 Family Gelastocoridae-Toad Bugs ..........36 Literature Cited ..............................37 Figures ......................................44 Maps .........................................55 Index to Scientific Names ....................59 Acknowledgement Sincere appreciation is expressed to the following individuals: R. T. Schuh, for being extremely helpful in reviewing the section on Saldidae, lending specimens, and allowing use of his illustrations of Saldidae; C. L. Smith for reading the section on Veliidae, checking identifications, and advising on problems in the taxon­ omy ofthe Veliidae; D. M. Calabrese, for reviewing the section on the Gerridae and making helpful sugges­ tions; J. T. Polhemus, for advising on taxonomic prob­ lems and checking identifications for several families; C. W. Schaefer, for providing advice and editorial com­ ment; Y. A. Popov, for sending a copy ofhis book on the Nepomorpha; and M. C. Parsons, for supplying its English translation. The University of Minnesota, including the Agricultural Experi­ ment Station, is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs, facilities, and employment without regard to race, creed, color, sex, national origin, or handicap. The information given in this publication is for educational purposes only.
    [Show full text]
  • Delphacidae, Derbidae 345 Nomina Insecta Nearctica
    344 NOMINA INSECTA NEARCTICA Pissonotus spooneri Morgan and Beamer 1949 (Pissonotus) Goniolcium Fowler 1905 Syn. Pissonotus piceus Spooner 1912 Homo. Stobaeara Muir 1926 Missp. Pissonotus tessellatus Ball 1926 (Phyllodictus) Pissonotus tumidus Morgan and Beamer 1949 (Pissonotus) Stobaera affinis Van Duzee 1909 (Stobaera) Stobaera bilobata Van Duzee 1914 (Stobaera) Prokelisia Osborn 1905 Stobaera biblobata Metcalf 1943 Missp. Prokelesis Osborn 1910 Missp. Stobaera caldwelli Kramer 1973 (Stobaera) Prokelisoidea McDermott 1952 Syn. Stobaera concinna Stål 1854 (Delphax) Stobaera minuta Osborn 1905 Syn. Prokelisia carolae Wilson 1982 (Prokelisia) Stobaera bahamensis Metcalf 1954 Syn. Prokelisia crocea Van Duzee 1897 (Kelisia) Stobaera giffardi Van Duzee 1917 (Stobaera) Prokelisia dolus Wilson 1982 (Prokelisia) Stobaera muiri Kramer 1973 (Stobaera) Prokelisia marginatus Van Duzee 1897 (Megamelus) Stobaera pallida Osborn 1905 (Stobaera) Prokelisia setigera Osborn 1905 Syn. Stobaera tricarinata Say 1825 (Delphax) Prokelisia salina Ball 1902 (Kelisia) Delphax bifasciata Provancher 1890 Syn. Megamelanus frontalis Crawford 1914 Syn. Liburnia intertexta Bruner 1891 Unav. Megamelus constrictus Crawford 1914 Syn. Stobera [sic] tricarniata Osborn 1904 Missp. Megamelus minutus Crawford 1914 Syn. Stobaera nigripennis Crawford 1914 Syn. Ribautodelphax Wagner 1963 Tumidagena McDermott 1852 Ribautodelphax albostriata Fieber 1866 (Delphax) Tumidagena minuta McDermott 1952 (Tumidagena) Ribautodelphax pusilla Emeljanov 1972 (Ribautodelphax) Tumidagena propinqua
    [Show full text]
  • (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Madhya Pradesh, India
    ISSN 0375-1511 Rec. zool. Surv. India: 112(part-1) : 71-74, 2012 FOUR NEW RECORDS OF GERROIDEA (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA) FROM MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA KAILASH CHANDRA, E. EYARIN JEHAMALAR AND G. THIRUMALAI* Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata - 700 053 *Zoological Survey of India, Southern Region Station, Chennai- 600 028 INTRODUCTION Genus Microvelia Westwood 1834 Aquatic insects contribute significantly to Microvelia albomaculata Distant, 1909 freshwater ecosystems, forming food for many 1909. Microoelia albomaculata Distant, Ann. Mag. nat. Rist., organisms, particularly in the food webs 3(8): 499. associated with wetland environments. Many 1910. Microvelia albomaculata Distant: Fauna of British fishes, amphibians, shorebirds, waterfowl, and India, Rhynchota, 5: 138. other animals forage heavily on both the aquatic 1994. Microoelia albomaculata Distant: Bal & Basu, State and terrestrial stages of aquatic insects, which are Fauna Series, 3: Fauna of West Bengal, Part 5: 511- essential to their survival. It is estimated that 534. about 3 % of the total insects are aquatic, spending Material examined: 30', 2 ~ exs., Jabalpur, CZRC, at least a part of their life cycles in the water, and ZSI Res. Colony, 25.ix.2010, ColI. E.E. Jehamalar. these comprise about 25,000 to 30,000 species Diagnosis: (Fig. 1) Length: male 1.4 mm, female (Cheng, 1976). Gerroidea is a superfamily of 1.6 mm; Colour: piceous; body with grayish Gerromorpha, commonly called as semi-aquatic pubescence pronounced to inner margin of eyes; bugs or shore-inhabiting bugs, which can be easily rostrum reaches little beyond the base of recognized by their piercing and sucking mouth prosternum; 1st antennal segment slightly longer parts and the long antennae.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics, Historical Biogeography and Ecological Phylogenetics in A
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Denisia Jahr/Year: 2006 Band/Volume: 0019 Autor(en)/Author(s): Damgaard Jakob Artikel/Article: Systematics, Historical Biogeography and Ecological Phylogenetics in a clade of water striders 813-822 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Systematics, Historical Biogeography and Ecological Phylogenetics in a clade of water striders1 J. DAMGAARD Abstract: I hereby review the current knowledge about systematics, historical biogeography and ecolo- gical phylogenetics in the three principal northern temperate genera of water striders Limnoporus STÅL 1868, Aquarius SCHELLENBERG 1800 and Gerris FABRICIUS 1794. Most of the discussion is based on com- parison of a recently published combined analysis tree involving four genetic markers and a morpholo- gical data set with older phylogenetic trees primarily based on manual cladistic optimization of mor- phological characters. Key words: DNA-barcodes, Gerrinae, phylogeography, simultaneous analyses. Introduction nally, water striders show great variation in mating strategies, and morphological and Water striders (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, behavioral adaptations to accomplish or Gerromorpha, Gerridae) are familiar inhab- avoid multiple mating (ANDERSEN 1994, itants of aquatic habitats throughout the 1996; ARNQVIST 1997). The striking diver- Worlds temperate, subtropical, and tropical sity in habitat selection, wing polymorphism regions comprising approximately 640 de- and mating strategies – along with the prac- scribed species in 72 genera (ANDERSEN & tically two dimensional habitat, has made WEIR 2004). Most water striders are found water striders popular objects in studies of in freshwater habitats, such as rivers, behavior, ecology and evolution (SPENCE & streams, lakes and ponds, but a few genera ANDERSEN 1994; ROWE et al.
    [Show full text]