DOCSLIB.ORG

Computer Code for the Calculation of Thermal Neutron Absorption in Spherical and Cylindrical Neutron Sources

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Computer Code for the Calculation of Thermal Neutron Absorption in Spherical and Cylindrical Neutron Sources MHfSH I M m By!IB Eg© V-: ^H m 0**-*Ci. Ban SCud rail ft*«li ^H .. -rn »s M ^-> : mKt NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 576 Computer Code for the Calculation of Thermal Neutron Absorption in Spherical and Cylindrical Neutron Sources — NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1 The National Bureau of Standards was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measure- ment system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Center for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scien- tific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of a Center for Radia- tion Research, an Office of Measurement Services and the following divisions: Applied Mathematics—Electricity—Heat—Mechanics—Optical Physics—Linac Radiation 2—Nuclear Radiation 2—Applied Radiation 2—Quantum Electronics 3— Electromagnetics 3—Time and Frequency 3—Laboratory Astrophysics 3 —Cryo- 3 genics . THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research lead- ing to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials. The Institute con- sists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry—Polymers—Metallurgy—Inorganic Materials—Reactor Radiation—Physical Chemistry. THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to pro- mote the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in indus- try and Government; cooperates with public and private organizations leading to the development of technological standards (including mandatory safety standards), codes and methods of test; and provides technical advice and services to Government agencies upon request. The Institute also monitors NBS engineering standards activities and provides liaison between NBS and national and international engineering standards bodies. The Institute consists of the following technical divisions and offices: Engineering Standards Services—Weights and Measures—Flammable Fabrics Invention and Innovation—Vehicle Systems Research—Product Evaluation Technology—Building Research—Electronic Technology—Technical Analysis Measurement Engineering. THE CENTER FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts re- search and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improv- ing cost effectiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the prin- cipal focus within the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer languages. The Center consists of the following offices and divisions: Information Processing Standards—Computer Information—Computer Services —Systems Development—Information Processing Technology. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal Government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world, and directs the public information activities of the Bureau. The Office consists of the following organizational units: Office of Standard Reference Data—Office of Technical Information and Publications—Library—Office of Public Information—Office of International Relations. 1 Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washing- ton, D.C. 20234. 2 Part of the Center for Radiation Research. 3 Located at Boulder, Colorado 80302. JO u UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Maurice H. Stans, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS,* Lewis M. Branscornb, Director » * o NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 576 ISSUED MAY 1971 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 576, 25 pages (May 1971) CODEN: NBTNA Computer Code for the Calculation of Thermal Neutron Absorption in Spherical and Cylindrical Neutron Sources V. Spiegel, Jr. and W. M. Murphey Nuclear Radiation Division Institute for Basic Standards National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 ^ °F % \mj' °<">eM of NBS Technical Notes are designed to supplement the Bureau's regular publications program. They provide a means for making available scientific data that are of transient or limited interest. Technical Notes may be listed or referred to in the open literature. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 20402. (Order by SD Catalog No. C 13.46:576). Price 35 cents. Stock No. 0303 0851 Abstract A computer code has been written in FORTRAN IV for the calculation of thermal neutron absorption in spherical and cylindrical neutron sources. The formalism of the cal- culation, the structure of the computer code, a listing of the code, and some sample results are presented. The com- parison of the results of this calculation to experiment appears elsewhere (l). Key words: Manganous sulfate bath calibration of neutron sources; neutron; neutron standards. 11 Computer Code for the Calculation of Thermal Neutron Absorption in Spherical and Cylindrical Neutron Sources V. Spiegel, Jr. and William M. Murphey 1. INTRODUCTION This calculation has been carried out in connection with a program to reduce the uncertainties in the corrections applied to the manganous sulfate bath calibration of neutron sources (2,3). The correction considered here is to account for the reduction of the manganese activity due to the loss of thermalized neutrons absorbed in the neutron source itself. The source may be composed of up to three cladding and one, possibly fissionable, core material. The calculation is carried out in a single interaction approximation, i.e., the effects of elastic and inelastic scattering of thermal neutrons are neglected. This approximation is adequate because the neutrons are in thermal equilibrium and because the cor- rection which is applied to the calibration is small (typi- cally Y% or less). Two cases are available. The first is for a spherically symmetric source and the second is for a cylindrically symmetric source. Each consists of a core and up to three cladding layers. The thicknesses of the ends and side of a cladding cylinder may all be different. A measure- ment or knowledge of the thermal -neutron flux at the source location is required. The thermal -neutron flux is assumed to be isotropic, which enables one to carry out the computation as a sum of mono-directional fluxes from different directions. All integrations are performed with Weddle's formula (4). 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE CALCULATION Part I. The probability of neutron loss for a given neutron direction and position. If the source materials are labeled A, B, C, and D from the inside out, then the probability of a thermal neutron interacting in passing through the source is 2 £ - Saa(t)-Ebb(t)- cc(t)- dd(t) where a(t) is the thickness of "A" material for this parti- cular direction and location of passing through the source, b(t) is the total thickness of "B" material, etc., and "t" denotes any particular path through the source. The E's are £ the appropriate macroscopic cross sections, a being the sum of Present address is: Technical Analysis Division, Institute for Applied Technology, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C 20234. the absorption and fission cross sections for the "A" material, 2 being the absorption cross section for the "B" material, etc. The probability of fission in the fissionable material is given by E "E a(t) , , af , a w -(V^^V^^V^)}d c ^ . \ P (t) (l-e )(e ) f »_i£ (2) S a where d»(t) is the thickness of the "D" layer passed in this direction and location going from the outside into the MA" material, c'(t) the thickness of the "C" layer passed in going into the source, etc., and zaf is the macroscopic fission cross section of material "A". Part II. Case 1. A spherically symmetric source. In this case the probability of neutron disappearance for a neutron striking the source is given by R 2Tiy p(y) dy % (3) TT R2 where R is the outer radius of the source and y is the per- pendicular distance from the center of the source to the path through it. The probability of fission is similarly ,R 2TTy P (y) dy 'o f Pf « (4) 2 TTR The probability of loss of neutrons from the bath per neutron striking the source
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Name Says It ALL the Legendary Rapper Speaks with Lyrics Inc
    FEB ”07 Named 2006 "E-Zine of the Year" by Prysmatic Dreams M O R E IN S ID E The name says it ALL The legendary rapper speaks with Lyrics Inc. and gives good advice to Indie artists In this issue... Updates: Angela Roberts & Danielle Davis Stacey Barlow 10 Crown —Lovelines“ Poetry Contest Scott Valentine M.D.-E W inners Announced ++ mmuucchh mmoorree...... 10 Crown 10 C: Yes, each member has his own style think it would help develop an identity that and life experiences which he brings to the is unique but what do you think? table when its time to write a song. 10 C: Too many people want to follow the L.I.: How has the mainstream success cookie-cutter and get in the groove of you‘ve had in opening up for artists like what‘s happening now. The problem with those mentioned above helped you all? this is you‘re really putting a limit on what 10 C: None. We have bigger turnouts at you can achieve, and what‘s hot now may shows we headline. not be by the time you get noticed. I think that people respect your music the most L.I.: In your opinion, how have the main- when you make what you feel and put that stream artists and labels embraced indie touch of you in it. Real music lovers will music, if at all? appreciate you when they get a glimpse of 10 C: They haven‘t embraced jack where your soul by listening to your music. we come from.
    [Show full text]
  • Gods Behind Bars: Prison Gangs, Due Process, and the First Amendment Justin L
    Brooklyn Law Review Volume 78 | Issue 1 Article 10 2012 Gods Behind Bars: Prison Gangs, Due Process, and the First Amendment Justin L. Sowa Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/blr Recommended Citation Justin L. Sowa, Gods Behind Bars: Prison Gangs, Due Process, and the First Amendment, 78 Brook. L. Rev. (2012). Available at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/blr/vol78/iss1/10 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brooklyn Law Review by an authorized editor of BrooklynWorks. Gods Behind Bars PRISON GANGS, DUE PROCESS, AND THE FIRST AMENDMENT I fear for the 85 who don't got a clue. -Method Man' INTRODUCTION In 1963, Clarence Smith, at the time known as Clarence 13X, was kicked out of the Nation of Islam (NOI) for questioning the divinity of Wallace Fard Muhammad (or possibly for refusing to give up gambling, or any number of other violations).2 The following year, after being shot in a gambling den in Harlem known as "The Hole," he changed his name to Allah (an acronym for "Arm, Leg, Leg, Arm, Head") and began gathering a group of teenagers around him and preaching his unique version of NOI theology.3 From these humble beginnings, Allah's Nation would spread from its spiritual homeland in Harlem throughout the country by way of prisons and hip-hop, becoming a significant cultural force.4 Allah taught that 85 percent of the people are ignorant and are subjugated by the 10 percent, the governments and corporations5 The 1 METHOD MAN, Raw Hide, on RETURN TO THE 36 CHAMBERS (01' Dirty Bastard, Elektra 1995).
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Commercial Rap Music Maurice L
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 A Historical Analysis: The Evolution of Commercial Rap Music Maurice L. Johnson II Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMMUNICATION A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS: THE EVOLUTION OF COMMERCIAL RAP MUSIC By MAURICE L. JOHNSON II A Thesis submitted to the Department of Communication in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Summer Semester 2011 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Maurice L. Johnson II, defended on April 7, 2011. _____________________________ Jonathan Adams Thesis Committee Chair _____________________________ Gary Heald Committee Member _____________________________ Stephen McDowell Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii I dedicated this to the collective loving memory of Marlena Curry-Gatewood, Dr. Milton Howard Johnson and Rashad Kendrick Williams. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the individuals, both in the physical and the spiritual realms, whom have assisted and encouraged me in the completion of my thesis. During the process, I faced numerous challenges from the narrowing of content and focus on the subject at hand, to seemingly unjust legal and administrative circumstances. Dr. Jonathan Adams, whose gracious support, interest, and tutelage, and knowledge in the fields of both music and communications studies, are greatly appreciated. Dr. Gary Heald encouraged me to complete my thesis as the foundation for future doctoral studies, and dissertation research.
    [Show full text]
  • RZA on the Soul of Music [EXCLUSIVE SOULHEAD INTERVIEW] @RZA @Erickablount January 8, 2015
    • FEATURES • INTERVIEWS • PRINCE • AUDIO • VIDEO • EVENTS • ABOUT • SHOP • FEATURES o • INTERVIEWS • PRINCE o • AUDIO o • VIDEO o • EVENTS o o • ABOUT o o o • SHOP 0 Everybody is Talking About the Good Ole Days: RZA on the Soul of Music [EXCLUSIVE SOULHEAD INTERVIEW] @RZA @ErickaBlount January 8, 2015 . Everybody is Talking About the Good Ole Days: RZA on the Soul of Music by Ericka Blount Danois If hip-hop tours, white appropriation, anniversary celebrations, books and hip-hop documentaries aren’t an indication that hip-hop has reached the status of Beatles-style nostalgia and reverence, then releasing a Wu-Tang Clan 20th anniversary reunion album, A BetterTomorrow, is solid proof that the genre has officially arrived. RZA, always the heart of the operation, worked tirelessly to round up the troops and dissolve beefs for the reunion album that dropped Dec. 2, 2014. “I wanted to make a record that pays homage to soul music and hip-hop,” he said about the making of this album. “I went to the past to make something for the future.” RZA came out of his own pockets to fund the album to the tune of half a million dollars. Some of the best in the industry are featured on the album—Rick Rubin, Adrian Younge, David Porter, Kenny Gamble and Rob Cavallo, all had their hands in the pot. Wu-Tang has always done things big and with vision. RZA led the 9-member group to an unprecedented label deal where each member was able to launch solo records. The deal allowed them to become the most revolutionary rap group of the mid-’90s releasing five group and 19 compilation albums totaling over 6 platinum records and over 40 million sold.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Usage of the N-Word in Popular American Rap Music (1990-2019)
    FACULTY OF ARTS Evolution of the Usage of the N-word in Popular American Rap Music (1990-2019) Bachelor's thesis FILIP LEITGEB Supervisor: Jeffrey Alan Vanderziel, B.A. Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Brno 2021 EVOLUTION OF THE USAGE OF THE N-WORD IN POPULAR AMERICAN RAP MUSIC (1990- 2019) Bibliografický záznam Autor: Filip Leitgeb Filozofická fakulta Masarykova univerzita Department of English and American Studies Název práce: Evolution of the Usage of the N-word in Popular American Rap Music (1990-2019) Studijní program: FF B-FI Filologie Studijní obor: Chyba! Nenalezen zdroj odkazů. Vedoucí práce: Jeffrey Alan Vanderziel, B.A. Rok: 2021 Počet stran: 126 Klíčová slova: hip-hop, n-word, evolution, usage, rap, American, USA, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s 2 EVOLUTION OF THE USAGE OF THE N-WORD IN POPULAR AMERICAN RAP MUSIC (1990- 2019) Bibliographic record Author: Filip Leitgeb Faculty of Arts Masaryk University Department of English and American Studies Title of Thesis: Evolution of the Usage of the N-word in Popular American Rap Music (1990-2019) Degree Programme: FF B-FI Philology Field of Study: Chyba! Nenalezen zdroj odkazů. Supervisor: Jeffrey Alan Vanderziel, B.A. Year: 2021 Number of Pages: 126 Keywords: hip-hop, n-slovo, vývoj, použití, rap, Spojené státy americké, 1990, 2000, 2019 3 EVOLUTION OF THE USAGE OF THE N-WORD IN POPULAR AMERICAN RAP MUSIC (1990- 2019) Anotace Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá rozborem textů populárních amerických rapových skladeb v letech 1990-2019 za účelem zjištění, jakým způsobem se v nich měnilo pou- žití tzv. n-slov (nigger, nigga, negro) a jejich derivátů.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of Iconic Images from NYC's Musical History Explained
    COLUMNS COLUMNS LANDMARKS THE THE BRONX The places, spaces, MARCY HOTEL and monuments of NYC's musical past, in 2005, after gentrification made significant in- present, and future. roads into Williamsburg, Marcy Avenue was still, in the A column on words of Wolf + Lamb’s Zev Eisenberg, “a dump.” But the gear and the fledging party crew saw the potential for a future PAST FEATURED LANDMARKS 1 MAX NEUHAUS’ "TIMES SQUARE" processes that inform headquarters when they leased a squat brick building, 2 THE THING SECONDHAND STORE once a machine shop, at the intersection of the Williams- the music we make. 3 THE LOFT burg Bridge and the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway. This three-story structure, the color of benign neglect, would become the Marcy Hotel. 1 But Zev (“Wolf”) and his DJ/producer/label part- ner Gadi “Lamb” Mizrahi, both native Brooklynites, saw what the rest of the world didn’t: a perfect spot for QUEENS late-night soirees, the noise of which—minimal tech- no, house, and a grab bag of eclectic sounds—would be masked by the cars roaring overhead. They gut-renovat- 2 ed the space using found materials as décor, a 1920s noir style emerging after they looted a crumbling old theater 3 a friend had purchased upstate. Old film strips made MANHATTAN for a partition by the entrance, and giant film-rewinding spools were set with lights and pronounced chandeliers. The sub-class of audio snake-oil sales- Initially Zev and Gadi had a wine-bar concept for the men has it easy. Not because we’re all easy space, but that idea was jettisoned after a trial run.
    [Show full text]
  • Top 20 Albums of 2017 (Because 10 Wasn't Enough)
    Top 20 Albums of 2017 (Because 10 Wasn’t Enough) To say that 2017 was a wild year for music is a vast understatement. As a reaction to the current administration in the White House, various musicians took a political stance to oppose the views of a president with questionable values. Ranging from singer-songwriters like Wilco’s Jeff Tweedy to major bands like the Foo Fighters, there were numerous acts that wrote songs about the current political and social landscape. The music world was also shaken by the passing of legends Tom Petty, The Tragically Hip’s Gordon Downie, Chris Cornell, Fats Domino, Chuck Berry and Gregg Allman. This year has shown that music can still be a reflection of the times, despite how scary these times may be. In Providence, the local music scene has seen people from various ethnic backgrounds and different orientations starting bands. Whether it’s hip-hop, punk, metal, folk or anything in between, it’s adding a glorious dose of diversity to a community that prides itself on being so. The music scene has also been resilient despite the closing of a few venues: RIP Lupo’s Heartbreak Hotel, Aurora and Firehouse 13. There are a lot of questions being asked about the sustainability of the city’s music, art and culture, and we’re still waiting on the answers. With all of this being said, here are my Top 20 Albums of 2017 (Because 10 Wasn’t Enough). 20. SydeSho – SydeSho the Maestro (self-released) SydeSho the Maestro by SydeSho Providence native Oliver Arias, also known as SydeSho, is a blast from the past in terms of hip-hop.
    [Show full text]
  • RZA V6 Clean
    24 August 2020 Hipgnosis Songs Fund Limited (“Hipgnosis” or the “Company”) Acquisi=on of Music Catalogue The Board of Hipgnosis Songs Fund Limited, the first and only UK listed investment company offering investors a pure-play exposure to songs and associated intellectual property rights, and its Investment Adviser, The Family (Music) Limited, are pleased to announce that the Company has acquired 50% of the copyright interest and writers share in the song catalogue of one of the most influenPal hip hop arPsts, songwriters and producers of all Pme, and leader of immensely successful Wu-Tang Clan, Robert ‘RZA’ Diggs. Having co-wriYen and produced almost all of Wu-Tang Clan’s albums, as well as many of the solo albums released by the group’s members, RZA is widely regarded as one of the greatest producers of all Pme. Recognised for his highly influenPal wriPng and producPon style, RZA was listed by Vibe magazine as one of the top 8 greatest hip hop producers of all Pme, and NME placed him on their list of the “50 Greatest Producers Ever”. In 1992, RZA formed a group that is considered to be the greatest hip hop band of all Pme, Wu-Tang Clan. The group released their debut album ‘Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)’ in 1993, which became greatly influenPal in modern hip hop producPon, with the lyrics serving as a template for many subsequent hip hop records. The hard-core hip hop album influenced the work of several arPsts including Nas, The Notorious B.I.G. and Jay-Z.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of the Cipher: Hip-Hop, Antiphony and Multiculturalism Bharath Ganesh University College London
    The politics of the cipher: hip-hop, antiphony and multiculturalism Bharath Ganesh University College London (UCL) Department of Geography Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2016 I, Bharath Ganesh, confirm that work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Abstract This project explores the incipient forms of multiculture present in the musical publics assembled by hip-hop music and culture based on ethnography of a university student group, S4HH (Students for Hip-hop). I position the cipher (a circle of people rapping together) as the diagram of the ethics and politics of hip-hop listening. The primary aesthetic feature of the cipher is antiphony or call-and-response musicality. However, affect in hip-hop musical publics goes beyond aesthetics; it catalyses ethical and political responses. My methods add detail on the varied socialites of listening to the literature on hip-hop studies. I develop antiphony as a unique event that shatters identity and cultivates ethical subjectivities that are constituted in cycles of affect and response between self and other. This argument is based on writings on antiphony from Wole Soyinka, Toni Morrison, Henry Louis Gates Jr., and Paul Gilroy. This work helps operationalise the concepts ‘event’, ‘self’, ‘other’, ‘body’, and ‘community’ in the work of Emmanuel Levinas, Gilles Deleuze, and Jean-Luc Nancy for mapping the ethics and politics of antiphony in hip-hop listening. My study of antiphonal relations illuminates the ethics and politics of bodily response to the material distribution and circulation of affect in hip-hop spaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Physics B231 (1984) 205-234 ' North-Holland Publishing
    Nuclear Physics B231 (1984) 205-234 '~ North-Holland Publishing Company TWO-LOOP LARGE HIGGS MASS CORRECTION TO THE p-PARAMETER J. VAN I)ER BIJ and M. VELTMAN Randall Laboratory of Phvsws. Umverst(v of Michigan, Ann ,4rhor. M1 4810~) Received 25 May 1983 The two-loop correction to the o-parameter in lhe limit of the large l-tiggs mass is calculated. Numerically it is found that the two-loop contribution is equal in magnitude, but of opposite sign to the one-kw,p correction if the tliggs mass is about 137 times the vector boson mass. The calculation suggest a breakdown of perturbation theory if the tliggs mass is larger than 3 TeV. There is no direct correspondence between our results and the poles at n = 3 of the simple non-linear o-model at the two-loop level. 1. Introduction In considering present day gauge theory one cannot escape the idea that the subject can be divided broadly into two areas: the successful and the not so successful domain. Keywords such as cosmological constant, axions, monopoles, strong CP-violation identify the latter area: it relates to properties of the vacuum and the Higgs system. While there is no hard fact confronting theory and experiment here, it is also true that one has to twist and bend the theory in order to avoid such a conflict. Absurdities like the "invisible axion" have made their appearance in the physics literature, and perhaps some day invisible proton decay will save grand unification! Now no one knows what is really going on above 100 GeV.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Remix: Polish Hip-Hop and the Sampling of Heritage by Alena
    Cultural Remix: Polish Hip-Hop and the Sampling of Heritage by Alena Gray Aniskiewicz A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Slavic Languages and Literatures) in the University of Michigan 2019 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Benjamin Paloff, Chair Associate Professor Herbert J. Eagle Professor Charles Hiroshi Garrett Visiting Assistant Professor Jodi C. Greig, University of Wisconsin-Madison Alena Gray Aniskiewicz [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1922-291X © Alena Gray Aniskiewicz 2019 To my parents, for everything. (Except hip-hop. For that, thank you, DH.) ii Acknowledgements To Herb Eagle, whose comments and support over the years have been invaluable. To Jodi Greig, whose reputation preceded her, but didn’t do her justice as a friend or scholar. To Charles Hiroshi Garrett, who was my introduction to musicology fourteen years ago and has been a generous reader and advisor ever since. And to Benjamin Paloff, who gave me the space to figure out what I wanted and then was there to help me figure out how to get it. I couldn’t have asked for a better committee. To my peers, who became friends along the way. To my friends, who indulged all the Poland talk. To Culture.pl, who gave me a community in Warsaw and kept Poland fun. To the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, the Copernicus Program in Polish Studies, the Rackham Graduate School, and the Sweetland Writing Center, whose generous funding made this dissertation possible. I’m thankful to have had you all in my corner.
    [Show full text]
  • “My Logo Is Branded on Your Skin”: the Wu-Tang Clan, Authenticity, Black Masculinity, and the Rap Music Industry
    “MY LOGO IS BRANDED ON YOUR SKIN”: THE WU-TANG CLAN, AUTHENTICITY, BLACK MASCULINITY, AND THE RAP MUSIC INDUSTRY By Ryan Alexander Huey A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History – Master of Arts 2014 ABSTRACT “MY LOGO IS BRANDED ON YOUR SKIN”: THE WU-TANG CLAN, AUTHENTICITY, BLACK MASCULINITY, AND THE RAP MUSIC INDUSTRY By Ryan Alexander Huey The rap group, the Wu-Tang Clan came out of a turbulent period of time in both the rap music industry and American society in the early 1990s. Lawsuits over sampling in rap music forced producers to rethink the ways they made music while crack cocaine and the War on Drugs wreaked havoc in urban communities across the nation, as it did in the Clan’s home borough of Staten Island, New York. Before the formation of the group, Gary “GZA” Grice, had managed to land a recording contract as a solo artist, but his marketing was mismanaged and his career stagnated. He returned in 1992 as one of the nine member collective, who billed themselves as kung fu movie buffs melding low-fi, eerie productions with realistic raps about ghetto life. Drawing from the vibrant underground rap scene of New York City in the 1970s and 1980s, Brooklyn’s rich African American chess tradition, the teachings of the Five Percenters, and the cult following for Hong Kong action cinema, the Clan became a huge hit across the country. Each member fashioned a unique masculine identity for himself, bolstering their hardcore underground image while pushing the boundaries of acceptable expressions of manhood in rap music.
    [Show full text]