Action Plan for Brahmaputra River Priority-IV

Priority-IV

Environment & Forest Department Government of Assam

ACTION PLAN FOR BRAHMAPUTRA Priority-IV

1. Basic information about the River The river originates from the Kailash ranges of Himalayas at an elevation of 5300 M. After flowing through Tibet it enters India through Arunachal Pradesh and flows through Assam and Bangladesh before it joins Bay of Bengal. The average width of Brahmaputra is 5.46 Km. The average annual discharge is about 20,000 cumec and average dry season discharge is 4,420 cumec. The river slope is very steep till it enters India. A drop of about 4800 M is achieved in a length at about 1700 Km in China (Tibet). This average slope of about 2.82 m/Km gets reduced to about 0.1m/Km in Assam valley. Due to this sudden flattening of river slope, the river becomes braided in nature in the Assam valley. During its course in Assam valley from Kobo to Dhubri the river is joined by about 20 (twenty) important tributaries on its North bank and 13 (thirteen) on its South bank. Joining of these tributaries bringing high sediment load activates braiding. All the tributaries of the valley area are rain fed and foam up with rain. The precipitation here is mainly due to South West monsoon. Heavy precipitation occurs here from May to September. It travels a distance of 750 KM throughout the entire state of Assam. 1 (i) Polluted river stretch/length The length of the polluted stretch of Brahmaputra river is 373 kms out of 750 kms of the total stretch (Fig 1) and the stretch identified as polluted is from Bogibeel to Sualkuchi. The entire stretch of Brahmaputra river covers eleven (11) monitoring locations under NWMP. However, the BOD level was found to be exceeding 3mg/L in only six (06) monitoring stations on few occasions. The six polluted monitoring stations are presented at Table V – X

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Fig 1: Polluted stretches in river Brahmaputra River 2. Background: In compliance of the direction of Hon’ble National Green Tribunal, Principal Bench, New Delhi in the matter of news published in ‘The Hindu’ authored by Jacob Koshy, Titled ‘More river stretches are now critically polluted CPCB’, Government of Assam constituted River Rejuvenation Committee (RRC) vide memorandum673/2018 dated 19/12/2018 for effective abatement of pollution, rejuvenation, protection and management of the identified polluted stretches, for bringing the polluted river stretches to be fit at least for bathing purposes within six months

3. Basis of Action Plan for polluted stretch of Brahmaputra River The action plan for rejuvenation, protection and management of the identified polluted river stretch of Assam has been prepared based on the following  As per direction of Hon’ble National Green Tribunal, Principal Bench, New Delhi in the matter of news published in ‘The Hindu’ authored by Jacob Koshy, Titled ‘More river stretches are now critically polluted CPCB’  Comprehensive report on Prevention and Control of Pollution in River Hind on: An Action Plan for Rejuvenation’ [Submitted in compliance to Hon’ble National Green Tribunal]

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4. Components of Action Plan (a) Industrial Pollution Control

 Inventorisation of industries  Categories of industry and effluent quality  Treatment of effluents, compliance with standards and mode of disposal of effluents  Regulatory regime.

(b)Identification, Channelization, Treatment and Utilization of Treated Domestic Sewage  Identification of towns in the catchment of river  Town-wise Estimation of quantity of sewage generated and existing sewage treatment capacities to arrive at the gap between the sewage generation and treatment capacities;  Identification of towns for installing sewerage system and sewage treatment plants.  Storm water drains now carrying sewage and sullage joining river and interception and diversion of sewage to STPs,  Treatment and disposal of septage and controlling open defecation.

(b) River catchment/Basin Management-Controlled ground water extraction and periodic quality assessment  Periodic assessment of groundwater resources and regulation of ground water extraction by industries particularly in over exploited and critical zones/blocks.  Ground water re-charging /rain water harvesting  Periodic ground water quality assessment and remedial actions in case of contaminated groundwater tube wells/bore wells or hand pumps.  Assessment of the need for regulating use of ground water for irrigation purposes.

(d)Flood Plain Zone  Regulating activities in flood plain zone.  Management of Municipal, Plastic, Hazardous, Bio-medical and Electrical and Electronic wastes.  Greenery development- Plantation plan.

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(e) Ecological/Environmental Flow (E-Flow)  Issues relating to E-Flow  Irrigation practices

(d) Such other issues which may be found relevant for restoring water quality to the prescribed standards. 5. Action Plan as per direction of Hon’ble NGT The components to be discussed in the action plan for rejuvenation, protection and management of identified polluted stretch of Brahmaputra river are as follows 5.1. Industrial Pollution Control Few classified industrial units in the form of Health care Units, Hotels, road side eateries etc. are observed with infrastructural facilities (ETPs, STPs) in the periphery of two (02) sampling locations of the polluted river stretch of Brahmaputra river which are presented at Table I and II. Out of six polluted stretches, in only two locations at Dhenukhana pahar and Kacharighat, few small scale industrial units are observed within the radius of the polluted stretch. Major towns like Jorhat and Dibrugarh are situated around 15 kms and 18 kms away from the sampling locations of Bogibeel and Nimatighat polluted stretch, hence the industrial impact in the river is found to be negligible. Moreover, no industrial units are located in the Chandrapur and Sualkuchi polluted stretch. The nearest towns and localities of the industrial waste polluting stretches are identified as Tezpur at Dhenukhana stretch and Fancy bazar, Panbazar and Kachari at Kacharighat stretch. It is also observed that Guwahati city is located on the bank of Kacharighat, but the entire city is not situated on the bank of the polluted stretch. The localities identified to be situated on the bank of Kacharighat stretch are Fancy Bazar, Panbazar and kachari which are localities of Guwahati city and Rajaduar, Madhyam khanda under North Guwahati circle. Moreover, action plan for Bharalu river which is a tributary of Brahmaputra river under Priority I addressing the Guwahati city has already been submitted and approved by CPCB.

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It is also observed that none of the small scale units of the identified polluted stretch discharge their effluent directly into the river stretch as they have captive ETP for treatment of their effluent. Further directions were issued by the PCBA to all the industrial units which has failed to comply with the discharged norms. Moreover, the Board has also issued direction to build their own set up in their premises which do not have STP/ETP

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Table I: Industrial details as per the following of Brahmaputra river at Dhenukhana Pahar polluted stretch

Sl. Name of the Category Total Water Waste Water Without ETPs CETPs OCEMS Gaps Proposed No Industry Consumption (KLD) /waste consent/Direction CETP Generation s issued (KLD) Functional Non- Functional Ground Surface Water Water

1 M/S Sunshine Fibre Red 2.0 ZLD Consent applied Functional Nil Industry, Tezpur

2 M/S Brahmaputra Orange 2.0 ZLD Consent applied Functional Nil Paper Pvt. Ltd, Tezpur

3 M/S Star Paper Mill, 2.5 ZLD Consent applied Functional Nil Nil Nil Nil Tezpur

4 M/S Sonitpur Solvex 2.0 ZLD Without consent Functional Nil Ltd, Parua Chariali, Tezpur

Total 8.5 Nil - - - Nil

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Table II: Industrial details as per the following of Brahmaputra river at Kacharighat polluted stretch

Sl. Name of the Industry Category Total Water Waste Without consent/ ETPs CETPs OCEMS Gaps Proposed No. Consumption/ Generatio Directions issued CETP (KLD) n (KLD) Ground Supply Functional Non- Water water Functional 1 Mahendra Mohan Red Nil 100 80 - Functional - Choudhury Hospital, Nil Panbazar, Guwahati-1 2 Jalan Bros. (India) Pvt. Ltd., Orange 3.0 Nil 1.5 Closure Notice Functional - MG Road, Fancy Bazar, issued Guwahati 3 Rapicure Diagnostic Centre, Nil 0.3 0.24 Functional - Nil Panbazar, Guwahati-1 4 Sarvoday Health Care, 1.0 Nil 0.8 Functional - Nil Nil Nil Nil Panbazar, Guwahati-1 5 Brahmaputra Diagnostic, Closure Notice - - - Panbazar, Guwahati-1 issued

6 Diagnostic Lab, Guwahati-1 Closure Notice - - - issued

Total 4.0 100.3 82.54 - - - Nil

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Following are the suggestions for control of industrial pollution control  The industry that will extract groundwater for manufacturing process should not operate unless they possess valid permission for groundwater extraction from Central Ground Water Authority.  No industries should discharge their effluent directly into drains without treatment, rather they should reuse their treated effluent/sewage.  Direction to be issued to the units which are not complying to the effluent discharge norms as per Section 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, by PCBA for ensuring compliance to the discharge norms. 6.1. Major towns located on the bank a) Bogibeel: Dibrugarh is the major town located in the bank of river Brahmaputra at around 18 kms upstream of the sampling station. Medium sized villages viz: Bogibeel gaon, Lengapathar gaon, Hapekheti gaon and Walkhabi gaon no.1 of Disbrugarh district and Kareng gaon, Garmara Chapori, Dambuk kalabari, Merchapori and Amguri bali of Dhemaji district under Sissiborgaon tehsil are situated in the catchment of the Bogibeel polluted stretch. b) Nimatighat: The nearest major town from the sampling point is Jorhat. However, the Nimatighat stretch is located around 15 kms upstream from the Jorhat town. The name of the villages identified in the catchment of the Bogibeel polluted stretch are Kumar gaon, Makori khuti gaon and Kobortta gaon. c) Dhenukhana Pahar: Tezpur is the major town belonging to Sonitpur district is located in the Bank of the river. d) Chandrapur: No major towns are located near the sampling point. However, few medium sized villages viz: Chandrapur, Tatimara and Barchapori are situated in the catchment of the polluted stretch. e) Kacharighat: The localities identified to be situated in the catchment area are Fancy Bazar, Pan Bazar and Kachari which are localities of Guwahati city and Rajaduar and Madhyam Khanda under North Guwahati circle. There are only few permanent human settlements in the Fancy Bazar, Panbazar and Kachari area as these

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places are busy commercial market and considered as central locations of various shopping hub. f) Sualkuchi: Sualkuchi is the only major town located nearby the sampling station.

6.2 Town wise estimation of quantity of sewage generated and existing sewage treatment capacities. There are no existing STPs located in the towns and cities. The aggregate sewage generated from the localities and towns are 385.14 KLD at Bogibeel polluted stretch, 216 KLD at Nimatighat polluted stretch, 30460 KLD at Dhenukhana pahar polluted stretch, 255.3 KLD at Chandrapur polluted stretch, 1479.6 KLD at Kacharighat polluted stretch and 1500.96 KLD at Sualkuchi polluted stretch. 6.3. Identification of towns for installing sewerage system and sewage treatment plants. Sewage Treatment Plant is proposed at Tezpur in the Brahmaputra polluted stretches as the sewage generated from the Tezpur town discharges through the Mora bharali river to the river. Moreover, Government of Assam has proposed to set up three (03) numbers of STPs in the Guwahati city for the rejuvenation of Bharalu river on the basis of the Action Plan prepared for Bharalu river. However, the Action Plan for Bharalu river has already been approved by CPCB, hence installation of separate STPs may be cast aside for the Kacharighat polluted stretch. The sewage generation from the localities of the remaining polluted stretches are minimal and hence the untreated sewage can be taken care of by adopting stringent remedial actions

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Table III: Sewage generation and gaps in treatment S.N Area Population Water Sewage No. Proposed Existing Gaps as per Consumption Generation of STP and Treatment in KLD 2011 (KLD) (KLD) STPs Capacity capacity census @135lpcd (KLD)

1 Bogibeel gaon, Lengapathar gaon, Hapekheti gaon and 1271 171.6 137.3 137.3 Walkhabi gaon no.1 of Disbrugarh district at Bogibeel stretch Nil Nil Nil Kareng gaon, Garmara Chapori, Dambuk kalabari, Merchapori 2295 309.8 247.84 247.84 and Amguri bali of Dhemaji district at Bogibeel stretch Total 3566 481.4 385.14 385.14 2 Bahona, Kumar Gaon, Makori Khuti gaon and Koibortta gaon at 2000 270 216 Nil Nil Nil 216 Nimatighat stretch

3 Tezpur 01 No at Dhenukhanapahar 40 MLD 282032 38074 30460 Nil Nil 30460 stretch at Tezpur town 4 Chandrapur, Tatimara, Barchapori at 2364 319.14 255.3 Nil Nil Nil 255.3 Chandrapur stretch 5 Fancy Bazar, Panbazar and Kachari, Rajaduar, 13700 1849.5 1479.6 Nil Nil Nil 1479.6 Madhyam Khanda at Kacharighat stretch 6 Sualkuchi at Sualkuchi 13898 1876.2 1500.96 Nil Nil Nil 1500.96 stretch 01 No 40 MLD Grand Total 317560 42870.24 34297.0 Nil at Nil 34297.0 Tezpur town

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Table IV: Total gap in projected population and sewage generation till 2035

S.N Area Projected Water Sewage No. Proposed Existing Gaps Population Consumption Generation of STP and Treatment in KLD till 2035 (KLD) (KLD) STPs Capacity capacity @135lpcd (KLD)

1 Bogibeel gaon, Lengapathar gaon, Hapekheti gaon and 1582 213.6 170.8 170.8 Walkhabi gaon no.1 of Disbrugarh district at Bogibeel stretch Nil Nil Nil Kareng gaon, Garmara Chapori, Dambuk kalabari, Merchapori 3298 445.2 356.2 356.2 and Amguri bali of Dhemaji district at Bogibeel stretch Total 4880 658.8 527.0 527.0 2 Bahona, Kumar Gaon, Makori Khuti gaon and Koibortta gaon at 2622 353.9 283.2 Nil Nil Nil 283.2 Nimatighat stretch

3 Tezpur 01 No at Dhenukhanapahar 40 MLD 362032 48874.3 39099.5 Nil Nil 39099.5 stretch at Tezpur town 4 Chandrapur, Tatimara, Barchapori at 2864 386.6 309.3 Nil Nil Nil 309.3 Chandrapur stretch 5 Fancy Bazar, Panbazar and Kachari, Rajaduar, 15032 2029.3 1623.5 Nil Nil Nil 1623.5 Madhyam Khanda at Kacharighat stretch 6 Sualkuchi at Sualkuchi 15892 2145.4 1716.3 Nil Nil Nil 1716.3 stretch 01 No 40 MLD Grand Total 403322.0 54448.3 43558.8 Nil at Nil 43558.8 Tezpur town

The towns and localities situated on the bank of polluted stretch of Brahmaputra river are already populated and there is no any land availability for future human settlement and expansion within the periphery of the catchment area.

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6.4. Water Quality of the river stretch There are 11(eleven) sampling locations in Brahmaputra River under NWMP as per the following.

Table V: Monitoring Locations Details Sl no. Sampling Location Coordinates 1 Maijan 27.540208 N; 95.088617 E 2 Bogibeel 27˚23’30.804’’ N, 94˚46’38.82 E 3 Nimatighat 26˚51.534’ N; 94˚14.817’ E 4 Biswanath Ghat 26.39315 N; 93.10234 E 5 Dhenukhana Pahar 26.61714 N; 92.78289 E 6 Sualkuchi 26˚10’22’’ N; 91˚35’72’’ E 7 Chandrapur 26.242131N; 91.909671 E 8 Kacharighat 26.183304 N; 91.736998 E 9 Pandu 26˚08’ N; 91˚02’ E 10 Jogighopa 26˚15’ N; 90˚45’ E 11 Dhubri 26˚00’91”N, 90˚29’555 E

The latest water quality trend in terms of BOD value from Jan 2016 till March 2020 for the polluted six monitoring locations are presented below. The following six stations had recorded BOD values exceeding 3 mg/L on few occasions Table VI: BOD value in mg/l of Bogibeel

BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18 1.5 Jan-19 2.2 Jan-20 1.6 Feb-16 Feb-17 Feb-18 1.0 Feb-19 2.2 Feb-20 1.8 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18 1.3 Mar-19 1.2 Mar-20 2.3 April-16 Apr-17 Apr-18 1.9 Apr-19 2.0 May-16 May-17 May-18 1.2 May-19 1.8 June 16 Jun-17 Jun-18 1.4 Jun-19 1.0 Jul-16 Jul-17 1.8 Jul-18 2.0 Jul-19 2.3 Aug-16 Aug-17 1.2 Aug-18 2.0 Aug-19 1.8 Sep-16 Sep-17 2.1 Sep-18 1.8 Sep-19 1.8 Oct-16 Oct-17 3.0 Oct-18 1.1 Oct-19 1.7 Nov-16 Nov-17 3.6 Nov-18 2.4 Nov-19 1.4 Dec-16 Dec-17 1.8 Dec-18 2.0 Dec-19 1.4

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Table VII: BOD value in mg/l of Nimatighat

BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Jan-16 1.1 Jan-17 1.5 Jan-18 0.8 Jan-19 0.7 Jan-20 1.7 Feb-16 1.7 Feb-17 2.2 Feb-18 1.1 Feb-19 1.6 Feb-20 1.0 Mar-16 1.1 Mar-17 2.3 Mar-18 1.9 Mar-19 1.2 Mar-20 1.6 April-16 1.0 Apr-17 2.1 Apr-18 0.6 Apr-19 0.9 May-16 1.2 May-17 2.6 May-18 2.7 May-19 1.6 June 16 1.4 Jun-17 2.8 Jun-18 1.3 Jun-19 1.2 Jul-16 3.9 Jul-17 2.9 Jul-18 1.4 Jul-19 1.9 Aug-16 2.6 Aug-17 2.8 Aug-18 1.2 Aug-19 1.4 Sep-16 2.7 Sep-17 1.4 Sep-18 1.8 Sep-19 1.3 Oct-16 2.2 Oct-17 1.1 Oct-18 1.0 Oct-19 1.1 Nov-16 2.0 Nov-17 1.8 Nov-18 1.1 Nov-19 1.2 Dec-16 1.2 Dec-17 2.8 Dec-18 0.7 Dec-19 1.1

Table VIII: BOD value in mg/l of Dhenukhana Pahar

BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Jan-16 3.0 Jan-17 1.2 Jan-18 1.8 Jan-19 1.1 Jan-20 1.4 Feb-16 1.3 Feb-17 1.3 Feb-18 2.3 Feb-19 2.5 Feb-20 1.7 Mar-16 1.4 Mar-17 2.8 Mar-18 1.4 Mar-19 1.2 April-16 2.0 Apr-17 1.6 Apr-18 2.4 Apr-19 1.8 May-16 1.0 May-17 0.6 May-18 2.2 May-19 1.0 June 16 1.2 Jun-17 2.9 Jun-18 2.3 Jun-19 2.0 Jul-16 4.8 Jul-17 1.1 Jul-18 1.8 Jul-19 1.6 Aug-16 1.2 Aug-17 0.8 Aug-18 1.4 Aug-19 1.2 Sep-16 1.2 Sep-17 1.3 Sep-18 1.2 Sep-19 1.4 Oct-16 1.5 Oct-17 6.4 Oct-18 1.5 Oct-19 1.3 Nov-16 1.1 Nov-17 2.7 Nov-18 1.1 Nov-19 1.7 Dec-16 0.7 Dec-17 2.4 Dec-18 2.1 Dec-19 1.6

Table IX: BOD value in mg/l of Chandrapur

BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Jan-16 0.7 Jan-17 2.0 Jan-18 2.1 Jan-19 1.4 Jan-20 1.4 Feb-16 1.2 Feb-17 1.4 Feb-18 2.6 Feb-19 1.6 Feb-20 1.2 Mar-16 1.1 Mar-17 0.6 Mar-18 1.5 Mar-19 1.6 Mar-20 1.6 April-16 4.7 Apr-17 0.8 Apr-18 2.2 Apr-19 2.2 May-16 1.9 May-17 1.9 May-18 1.2 May-19 1.2 June 16 1.5 Jun-17 1.7 Jun-18 2.8 Jun-19 1.3 Jul-16 1.9 Jul-17 2.2 Jul-18 1.4 Jul-19 1.6

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BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Aug-16 1.8 Aug-17 1.1 Aug-18 1.9 Aug-19 1.4 Sep-16 2.0 Sep-17 1.3 Sep-18 1.9 Sep-19 1.5 Oct-16 1.6 Oct-17 2.2 Oct-18 1.3 Oct-19 1.5 Nov-16 1.1 Nov-17 2.6 Nov-18 1.9 Nov-19 1.8 Dec-16 1.0 Dec-17 2.8 Dec-18 1.7 Dec-19 1.6

Table X: BOD value in mg/l of Kacharighat

BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Jan-16 1.1 Jan-17 1.1 Jan-18 2.8 Jan-19 1.6 Jan-20 1.8 Feb-16 1.8 Feb-17 1.2 Feb-18 2.4 Feb-19 1.8 Feb-20 1.3 Mar-16 1.1 Mar-17 0.6 Mar-18 1.5 Mar-19 1.2 Mar-20 2.3 April-16 2.2 Apr-17 0.9 Apr-18 2.4 Apr-19 1.3 May-16 1.4 May-17 1.0 May-18 1.8 May-19 1.9 June 16 2.1 Jun-17 1.1 Jun-18 1.6 Jun-19 1.8 Jul-16 0.5 Jul-17 2.1 Jul-18 2.4 Jul-19 1.8 Aug-16 0.4 Aug-17 1.5 Aug-18 1.3 Aug-19 1.7 Sep-16 1.9 Sep-17 1.3 Sep-18 2.1 Sep-19 1.4 Oct-16 2.4 Oct-17 2.4 Oct-18 1.2 Oct-19 1.3 Nov-16 2.0 Nov-17 2.8 Nov-18 2.8 Nov-19 1.5 Dec-16 1.1 Dec-17 3.2 Dec-18 1.4 Dec-19 1.8

Table XI: BOD value in mg/l of Sualkuchi

BOD BOD BOD BOD BOD Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value Year Value (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) Jan-16 1.2 Jan-17 1.4 Jan-18 3.2 Jan-19 2.1 Jan-20 1.8 Feb-16 1.0 Feb-17 2.2 Feb-18 2.5 Feb-19 2.1 Feb-20 1.5 Mar-16 0.8 Mar-17 1.0 Mar-18 1.5 Mar-19 2.0 Mar-20 1.6 April-16 1.7 Apr-17 2.5 Apr-18 1.2 Apr-19 2.0 May-16 2.3 May-17 2.6 May-18 1.5 May-19 2.4 June 16 1.3 Jun-17 2.7 Jun-18 2.4 Jun-19 2.0 Jul-16 1.0 Jul-17 2.1 Jul-18 2.2 Jul-19 1.1 Aug-16 0.6 Aug-17 2.6 Aug-18 1.8 Aug-19 1.6 Sep-16 1.4 Sep-17 1.2 Sep-18 1.7 Sep-19 1.3 Oct-16 2.5 Oct-17 1.8 Oct-18 1.3 Oct-19 1.4 Nov-16 4.5 Nov-17 2.0 Nov-18 1.6 Nov-19 1.8 Dec-16 2.1 Dec-17 3.6 Dec-18 1.1 Dec-19 1.6

The detail analytical data of the polluted stretches of Brahmaputra river for the month of February 2020 (Bogibeel and Dhenukhana pahar) and

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March 2020 (Nimatighat, Chandrapur, Kacharighat and Sualkuchi) are presented in Table XII

Table XII: Latest analysis report of Polluted stretches of Brahmaputra river

Bogibeel Nimatighat Dhenukhana Chandrapur Kacharighat Sualkuchi Parameter (Feb (March pahar (March (March (March 2020) 2020) (Feb 2020) 2020) 2020) 2020) D.O. (mg/L) 7.2 8.0 7.6 10.2 10.4 9.0 pH 7.4 7.8 7.4 7.8 8.0 7.9 Cond(µS/cm) 140 166 140 176 186 146 BOD(mg/L) 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.3 1.6 COD(mg/L) 6.5 6.4 7.8 6.5 7.8 7.8

NO3 -N (mg/L) 0.4 1.1 0.5 1.1 1.5 2.0 TSS (mg/L) 60 48 82 54 52 68 Turbidity (NTU) 04 07 04 05 05 05 p-Alkalinity Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil (mg/L) m-Alkalinity 64 70 48 42 50 44 (mg/L) Hardness (mg/L) 46 50 46 68 68 46 Calcium as 32 32 48 50 30 30 CaCO3(mg/L) Magnesium as 18 18 20 18 16 16 CaCO3 (mg/L) Chloride as Cl- 10 08 10 10 08 06 (mg/L) Sulphate as SO -2 17.5 15.0 17.7 18.4 17.3 4 20.0 (mg/L) Phosphate as PO 0.08 0.20 0.08 0.07 0.06 4 0.2 (mg/L) TKN (mg/L) 0.70 0.80 0.92 0.92 0.82 0.84

NH4-N (mg/L) 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.34 0.26 Total Dissolved 102 90 118 122 88 88 Solids (mg/L) TFS (mg/L) 24 34 24 28 30 20 Fluoride (mg/l) 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.26 0.25 Boron (mg/l) 0.009 0.011 0.008 0.010 0.009 0.012 Na (mg/L) 8.1 7.2 8.5 9.6 15.6 8.0 K (mg/L) 2.1 2.8 2.5 2.7 3.1 2.3 Total Iron (mg/L) 0.21 0.12 0.18 0.21 0.19 0.26 Lead (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Zinc (mg/L) 0.026 0.033 0.039 0.024 0.031 0.029 Copper (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

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Bogibeel Nimatighat Dhenukhana Chandrapur Kacharighat Sualkuchi Parameter (Feb (March pahar (March (March (March 2020) 2020) (Feb 2020) 2020) 2020) 2020) Total Chromium BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL (mg/L) Nickel (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Cadmium (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Mercury (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Arsenic(mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Total Coliform 910 1100 720 1100 1500 720 (MPN/100ml) Faecal Coliform 300 610 300 610 610 Nil (MPN/100ml)

The above data indicates that the BOD load is above 3 mg/L only at eleven (11) occasions out of two hundred sixty four (264) samplings carried out from Jan 2016 till March 2020 in the above six stations. It was observed that the BOD value was found to be within permissible limit during the last two years at all locations of Brahmaputra river. Based on water quality monitoring reports of the last 2 years, it is observed that the river Brahmaputra does not have polluted stretches at present. Since the river has high volume and discharge, it has the phenomenon of self-purification which is constantly taking place and hence no actions for rejuvenation of the mentioned river stretches of Brahmaputra river may be required. However, Though the river does not have any polluted stretches based on the present report, considering the huge quantity of sewage generation from the Tezpur town and to maintain the wholesomeness of the river at Dhenukhana Pahar location, Sewage Treatment Plant has been proposed at Tezpur town (40 MLD).

6.5. Drains contributing to pollution a) Bogibeel: There are no major drains directly discharging into this river stretch. Only during heavy rains, flood water from Dibrugarh town is pumped into the Brahmaputra River. Most of the households of the identified localities discharge the sewage through kuchcha nullahs or drains of natural origin. Moreover, the discharges from the open drains gets absorbed by the soil before making their way to the river. b) Nimatighat: There is no direct discharge of sewage from nearby towns. However, some of the households from the identified

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villages have Kuchcha nullahs of natural origin to evacuate the domestic sewage originated from individual households. c) Dhenukhana Pahar: There are no major drains directly discharging into this river stretch. However, drains of natural origin and nullahs or constructed channels exist in the nearest Tezpur town which is responsible for evacuation of the maximum sewage originating from households, commercial establishments etc. into the Mora Bharali river that eventually falls in the Brahmaputra river at Dhenukhana pahar. d) Chandrapur: There are no major drains connected to this stretch of the river. Kuchcha nullahs or drains of natural origin are observed in the periphery of the identified localities to discharge the sewage originating from the individual households. e) Kacharighat: There are two major drains originated at fancy bazar and sukleswar temple that directly discharges in the Kacharighat sampling point. f) Sualkuchi: There are no major drains connected to this stretch of the river. Most of the households have individual drainage or drains of natural origin which are responsible for evacuation of sewage. Moreover the discharges from the open drains gets absorbed by the soil before making their way to the river

6.6. Characteristics of the major drains The identified drains carries municipal, industrial, commercial sewages. The Mora Bharali river serves as the seasonal water pool during rainy period along with maximum reservoir of sewages originating from the Tezpur town that finally falls in the Brahmaputra river at Dhenukhana pahar. Hence the water quality of Mora Bharali river along with the major drains identified at Kacharighat stretch is presented in Table below Table XIII: Analysis report of the Mora Bharali river (March 2020) Parameter Value D.O. (mg/L) 5.8 pH 7.2 Cond(µS/cm) 176 BOD(mg/L) 2.8 COD(mg/L) 9.6

NO3 -N (mg/L) 1.6 TSS (mg/L) 58

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Parameter Value Turbidity (NTU) 08 p-Alkalinity (mg/L) Nil m-Alkalinity (mg/L) 76 Hardness (mg/L) 60

Calcium as CaCO3(mg/L) 40

Magnesium as CaCO3 (mg/L) 20 Chloride as Cl- (mg/L) 08 -2 Sulphate as SO4 (mg/L) 15.7

Phosphate as PO4 (mg/L) 0.16 TKN (mg/L) 1.36

NH4-N (mg/L) 0.43 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) 114 TFS (mg/L) 26 Fluoride (mg/l) 0.31 Boron (mg/l) 0.016 Na (mg/L) 12.7 K (mg/L) 4.4 Total Iron (mg/L) 0.21 Lead (mg/L) BDL Zinc (mg/L) 0.052 Copper (mg/L) 0.003 Total Chromium (mg/L) BDL Nickel (mg/L) BDL Cadmium (mg/L) BDL Mercury (mg/L) BDL Arsenic(µg/L) BDL Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) 1200 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) 360

Table XIV: Analysis report of the major drains contributing to pollution in the Brahmaputra river at Kacharighat (March, 2020) Water from drain at Water from drain near Fancy Bazar (behind Sukleswar temple before Parameter MMCH) before confluence with confluence with Brahmaputra river Brahmaputra river D.O. (mg/L) 1.4 1.2 pH 7.6 7.1 Cond(µS/cm) 270 364 BOD(mg/L) 16.6 18.4 COD(mg/L) 44.2 48.6

NO3 -N (mg/L) 2.4 2.8 TSS (mg/L) 54 66 Turbidity (NTU) 08 08 p-Alkalinity (mg/L) Nil Nil m-Alkalinity (mg/L) 114 136

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Water from drain at Water from drain near Fancy Bazar (behind Sukleswar temple before Parameter MMCH) before confluence with confluence with Brahmaputra river Brahmaputra river Hardness (mg/L) 124 128

Calcium as CaCO3(mg/L) 58 96

Magnesium as CaCO3 24 32 Chloride(mg/L) as Cl- (mg/L) 18 20 -2 Sulphate as SO4 (mg/L) 20.2 24.8

Phosphate as PO4 (mg/L) 0.82 0.76 TKN (mg/L) 10.2 11.2

NH4-N (mg/L) 3.2 3.6 Total Dissolved Solids 176 234 TFS(mg/L) (mg/L) 44 58 Fluoride (mg/l) 0.42 0.48 Boron (mg/l) 0.021 0.019 Na (mg/L) 22.3 28.6 K (mg/L) 6.6 8.9 Total Iron (mg/L) 0.36 0.33 Lead (mg/L) 0.008 0.006 Zinc (mg/L) 0.056 0.048 Copper (mg/L) 0.004 0.006 Total Chromium (mg/L) BDL BDL Nickel (mg/L) BDL BDL Cadmium (mg/L) BDL BDL Mercury (mg/L) BDL BDL Arsenic(µg/L) 0.004 0.005 Total Coliform 1100 4400 Faecal(MPN/100ml) Coliform 300 2400 (MPN/100ml) 6.7. Flow details of the major drains contributing to river pollution The flow details of major drains are presented in Table below:

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Table XV: Flow Details of the Major drains out falling in Brahmaputra River Source Flow details Flow details Type of liquid of the major of the major Polluted stretch waste drains/outfalls drains/outfalls (m3/s) (MLD/KLD) Major Drains/Outfall of the Commercial & Mora Bharali 0.32 28 MLD Brahmaputra Domestic river Dhenukhana Drain near Commercial & Sukleswar temple Domestic Major before confluence 0.0076 656 KLD Drains/Outfall with Brahmaputra of the river Brahmaputra Drain at Fancy Commercial & river at Bazar (behind Domestic Kacharighat MMCH) before 0.0051 440 KLD confluence with Brahmaputra river

6.8. Sewage generation from the towns located on the banks of the polluted river The main contributor of pollution in the Brahmaputra river is municipal sewage. There are no treatment systems for the sewages which are dumped in open thereby ultimately finding their ways to water bodies without treatment. 6.9. Number of Sewage treatment plants present and treatment capacity, and gaps There is no any sewage treatment plant at present. 6.10. Number of STPs proposed and capacity As per the survey done one (01) STP has been proposed at Tezpur town with a capacity of approximately 40 MLD in consultation with the District Administration Moreover, Government of Assam has proposed to set up three (03) numbers of STPs with a capacity of 15 MLD, 25 MLD and 35 MLD in the Guwahati city for the rejuvenation of Bharalu river in pursuance to the

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Action Plan prepared for Bharalu river. Hence installation of separate STPs may not be necessary for the Kacharighat polluted stretch as the drains shall be connected to the STPs proposed for the Guwahati city. 6.11. Interception and diversion of drains /in situ treatment given One (01) number of STP has been proposed at Tezpur town along with interceptor drains for in situ treatment before outfall Moreover, the drains originating from the Fancy bazar and Kachari shall be treated in the STPs proposed for the Guwahati city. 6.12. Drainage system/ sewerage network present/proposed Some natural drainage of local origin are acting as the drainage system to evacuate sewage originating from domestic households, commercial establishments, institutes, industries etc. There is no sewerage system at present. One (01) number of STP has been proposed at Tezpur town along with interceptor drains for in situ treatment before outfall All the sewage of the catchment area of the river shall be collected by interceptor drains and shall be treated in the proposed STPs before outfall in to the river 6.13. Treatment and Disposal of Septage and controlling Open Defecation Some of the households in the identified towns and localities of the polluted stretches of the river are equipped with ordinary septic tanks and the slum dwellers in the catchment areas of the river have kuccha latrines. 6.14. Short term measures  In- situ treatment of sewage by Bioremediation.  Dosing of microbes near the drain outfall of all the drains.  Strict vigilance of the industries to check that no industrial effluent is out falling in the drains. Following remedial actions will be taken in consideration of treatment and disposal of sewage  Sewage Treatment plant should be installed for treatment  Every individual households should be connected to sewer lines.

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 Every households should be recommended to have individual drainage that should be connected to soak pits or stagnated pool.  The discharge should be trapped by strainers before draining off to the river.  Roadside hotels/restaurants should not be allowed to dispose untreated sewage and solid waste into the nearby drains or rivers. These establishments should be properly regulated by the concerned authority.  Public awareness to control open defecation and understand the sanitary hygiene.  Local administration should provide proper pucca toilets for the individuals or atleast community toilets through the IHHL scheme under Swachh Bharat Mission.

7. Controlled Ground water Extraction and quality Assessment Assam is potential from ground water point of view as revealed by the studies carried out by CGWB. The state is still under ‘Safe’ category and sufficient resources are still available for future development as long-term water level trend does not show any major change. Table XVI: Ground water extraction status and irrigation practices

Ground water Irrigation Ground water Rain water extraction status Practices recharging mechanism harvesting

Minor and Recharging of ground  The roof top medium water are done by rainwater The State is under irrigation creation of harvesting is ‘SAFE’ category schemes such as Pond/lakes/reservoirs practiced in DTW and STW. under government Government schemes. buildings, School and Offices.  Industries should be encouraged for roof top rain water harvesting.

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7.1. Status of Ground Water The water quality of Assam is found to be well within the permissible limit for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes. Slightly higher content of iron in some sporadic patches of the area are observed, hence water needs to be treated before being used for drinking purpose. Also fluoride content is found to be exceeding permissible limit in few pockets of the state. As per the data generated from PCBA, the ground water quality around the catchment area of polluted stretch of the Brahmaputra river is found to be within the permissible limit and safe for domestic and irrigation purposes.

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Table XVII: Latest analysis report of Ground water of the catchment area of polluted stretch of River Brahmaputra – March 2020

NO3 -N (mg/L) 2.6 3.6 2.6 2.3 2.4 2.4 TSS (mg/L) 8 6 8 08 08 8 Turbidity (NTU) 2 2 2 02 02 2 p-Alkalinity (mg/L) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil m-Alkalinity (mg/L) 88 134 88 114 94 94 Hardness (mg/L) 30 72 30 84 44 44

Calcium as CaCO3(mg/L) 20 50 20 58 32 32

Magnesium as CaCO3 (mg/L) 10 22 10 26 12 12 Chloride as Cl- (mg/L) 8 24 8 18 10 10

-2 Sulphate as SO4 (mg/L) 4.6 24.6 4.6 6.9 7.4 7.4

Phosphate as PO4 (mg/L) 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.08 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) 64 158 64 184 96 96 TFS (mg/L) 18 38 18 44 24 24 Fluoride (mg/l) 0.33 0.42 0.33 0.54 0.36 0.36 Boron (mg/l) 0.010 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.021 0.021 Na (mg/L) 10.5 10.5 10.5 48.7 12.6 12.6

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Kumar gaon Tezpur Chandrapur Fancy Bazar Sualkuchi Bogibeel gaon (catchment of River (catchment of (catchment of (catchment of (catchment of (catchment of River Brahmaputra at River River River River Parameter Brahmaputra at Nimatighat) Brahmaputra at Brahmaputra at Brahmaputra at Brahmaputra at Bogibeel) Dhenukhana Chandrapur) Kachari Ghat) Sualkuchi) Pahar) K (mg/L) 3.8 3.8 3.8 11.3 5.6 5.6 NH4-N (mg/L) 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.19 0.18 0.18 TKN (mg/L) 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.54 0.46 0.46 Total Iron (mg/L) 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.28 0.28 Lead (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Zinc (mg/L) 0.059 0.046 0.059 0.044 0.044 0.044 Copper (mg/L) 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003 Total Chromium (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Nickel (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Cadmium (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Mercury (mg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Arsenic(µg/L) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

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7.2. Remedial Actions The following remedial actions will be taken in consideration of contaminated ground water sources, controlled ground water extraction and periodic quality assessment  Ground water of deeper aquifers should be analyzed for periodic assessment of Iron.  Alternate sources of drinking water should be explored and prioritized.  Awareness campaigns about health hazards due to intake of excessive Ironis the need of the time.  Role of pesticides used for agricultural activity should be carefully observed.  Survey should be conducted regarding ground water uses for domestic purpose and also to identify the over exploited and critical areas in the river stretches with respect to ground water extraction.  Effective management of sewage for preventing contamination of ground water sources.  Roof top rain water harvesting techniques should be encouraged for industrial, commercial or individual households and community.

8. Flood Plain Zone Most of the Brahmaputra river basin are flood prone area. Almost every year the districts along the river gets inundated by flood during monsoon season. The effect of flood and soil erosion is much more in southern part than in the northern part of the river.

8.1. Regulating activities in the Flood Plain Zone Further following activities need to be regulated in the flood plain zones. S.No Action points Responsible authority 1 Plantation in the flood plain zone Forest Department 2 Checking Encroachment Local administration 3 Demarcation of the flood plain zone Water Resource Department 4 Prohibition of disposal of all kinds of wastes District Administration

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8.2. Waste management status and proposed actions for Municipal solid waste, industrial waste and Bio medical waste management Table XVIII: Waste management status and proposed actions

Proposed Time Type Status Authority actions Targeted Industrial a) Authorisation have been a) Direction issued Waste granted to different to the industries industries in line with to identify the Water act 1974, Hazardous non-point sources Waste (Management, and arrest Handling and contamination of Transboundary Movement) storm water. 3 Months Rule, 2008 as amended. b) There are no gaps Pollution b) Regular monitoring by in the treatment Control (April 2020 – June PCBA to ensure that the of industrial Board Assam 2020) terms and conditions are waste as the strictly adhered in industrial units accordance with the have ETPs in prescribed standards. their premises as presented in Table I Municipal a) Municipal Body has Municipal Body is in waste engaged NGOs ward wise process of inducting for collection of Municipal the following activity Solid Waste from the a) Implementation generation point for of segregation of treatment and disposal. waste at source b) The wastes are being b) Door-to-door segregated into dry and wet garbage waste categories and are Collection of 3 Months collected separately and waste ULBs transported to treatment c) Formation of (April 2020 – June and disposal site. Sanitation task 2020) Force d) Formation of Neighbourhood Community e) Awareness campaigns f) Processing and disposal of waste Plastic At present plastic wastes are Letter is being issued Waste being dumped along with intermittently by Municipal solid waste. PCBA to Municipal ULBs/ Municipal 3 Months Board to segregate Body/ Pollution and collect plastic Control Board (April 2020 – June waste and initiate Assam 2020) necessary steps to channelize the waste

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Proposed Time Type Status Authority actions Targeted to authorized agencies for recycling and reprocessing Hazardous No hazardous wastes are Awareness campaign Waste directly disposed in the river regarding health and Pollution Control Continuous other issues related to Board Assam Hazardous waste Bio- a) Segregation at the source Direction issued medical under Biomedical waste to all HCF unit to Waste Management Rules, 1998 implement the as amended BMW Rules, b) Bio-Medical Waste 2016 as generated from the HCFs ammended in all are disposed through the HCF Units. (As HCF units/Pollution facility available at per guidelines of Control Board Continuous Common Biomedical CPCB) Assam Treatment Facility at Panikhaiti by Fresh Air c) Most of the HCFs have already installed ETP for treatment of liquid wastes generated from the HCFs.

E –waste a) E-Waste Inventorisation Few entrepreneur and Annual return in approached PCBA (Form-3) is submitted by for registration E-Waste generating units and authorisation to PCBA from time to as Recycler Pollution Control Continuous time for onwards Board Assam transmission to CPCB b) There is no authorised recycler

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8.3. Bio Medical waste generation and Gaps in treatment (Brahmaputra polluted river Stretch)

Table XIX: Bio Medical waste generation and gaps in treatment (Brahmaputra polluted river stretch)

BMW Name of the Treatment Gaps in Name of the HCF units Category Generation stretch facility Treatment (Kg/Day)

Brahmaputra river at Nil - Nil - Bogibeel

Brahmaputra river at Nil - Nil - Nimatighat Brahmaputra river at Nil - Nil - Dhenukhana pahar Brahmaputra No Gaps in Bio river at Nil - Nil - Medical Waste Chandrapur in the 1. Mahendra Mohan catchment Choudhury Hospital, area of the Common Bio Panbazar, Guwahati- Red 100 river. Medical 1 Waste Brahmaputra Treatment river at 2. Rapicure Diagnostic Facility Kacharighat Centre, Panbazar, Orange 2 (CBWTF) at Guwahati-1 Panikhaiti 3. Sarvoday Health by Fresh Air Care, Panbazar, Orange 4 Guwahati-1 Brahmaputra river at Nil - Nil - Sualkuchi

106 Total Nil Kg/Day

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8.4. Gaps identified in waste management Table XX: Municipal Solid Waste generation and gaps in treatment (Brahmaputra polluted river stretch)

MSW Generation Gaps in Treatment Name of the stretch Treatment facility (Kg/Day) (Kg/Day)

Brahmaputra river at 2139.6 2139.6 Bogibeel

Brahmaputra river at 1200 1200 Nimatighat

Brahmaputra river at 169219.2 169219.2 Dhenukhana pahar

Brahmaputra river at Nil 1418.4 1418.4 Chandrapur Brahmaputra river at 8220 8220 Kacharighat

Brahmaputra river at 8338.8 8338.8 Sualkuchi

Total 190536.0 Kg/Day 190536.0 Kg/Day

Presently, around 190.536 MT/day of gaps are identified from the polluted river stretch as there is no any solid waste management facility in the catchment area of the river. 8.5. Gaps in Industrial waste Management No hazardous waste generating industrial units are located on the bank of the Brahmaputra polluted stretch 8.6. Greenery development - Plantation Plan State Government has initiated afforestation in the degraded forestland, also raising roadside plantation besides creating check dams/embankments in the river catchment areas to combat erosion and soil conservation. The following remedial actions has to be initiated in consideration of greenery development  Raise plantation along the river bank to control the flow runoff water directly to the river

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 Bamboo species to be raised as it is a good soil binder thereby stabilize the banks of the river from erosion

8.7. Proposal for Biodiversity Park At present there is no any land availability for establishment of Biodiversity Park in the catchment area of the river. 9. Environmental Flow (E-Flow) 9.1. Stretch of river perennial or non- perennial/flow available/water usage in the stretch The entire river stretch is perennial. All the major tributaries of Brahmaputra river are perennial in nature and maintains 50% of the average flow even during non-monsoon season. The average annual discharge is about 20,000 cumec and average dry season discharge is 4,420 cumec. 9.2. Irrigation Practices. Certain schemes such as Lift Irrigation Scheme (LIS), Flow Irrigation Schemes (FIS) have been taken up by the irrigation Department of Assam in collaboration with the Central government. Further the treated sewage can be used for many purposes which are as follows:  Treated water can be used for de-dusting of roads in order to minimise the impact of PM 10 and PM 2.5.  For irrigation purpose.  It can be used for roadside gardening.  It can also be used for curing during construction works. Treated sewage can be supplied to industries for non-potable uses 9.3. Achievable Goals Primary water Quality Criteria for Bathing water (water used for organised outdoor bathing)

Criteria Rational

1. Fecal Coliform MPN/100 ml: 500 To ensure low sewage contamination. Fecal coliform (desirable) 2500 (Maximum Permissible) and fecal streptococci are considered as they reflect the bacterial pathogenicity.

The desirable and permissible limits are suggested to 2. Fecal Streptococci MPN/100 ml: 100 allow for fluctuation in environmental conditions such

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(desirable) 500 (Maximum Permissible) as seasonal change, changes in flow conditions etc. The range provides protection to the skin and delicate organs like eyes, nose, ears etc. which are directly 3. pH: : Between 6.5 -8.5 exposed during outdoor bathing

The minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 5 4. Dissolved Oxygen: 5 mg/l or more mg/1 ensures reasonable freedom from oxygen consuming organic pollution immediately upstream which is necessary for preventing production of anaerobic gases (obnoxious gases) from sediment. 5. Biochemical Oxygen demand 3 day,27°C: The Biochemical Oxygen Demand of 3 mg/1 or less 3 mg/l or less of the water ensures reasonable freedom from oxygen demanding pollutants and prevent production of obnoxious gases";

10. Identified organisations responsible for preparation and execution of the action plans Organisations responsible for preparation and execution of the action plans are as follows:  Secretary to the Govt. of Assam, Environment and Forest department  Secretary to the Govt. of Assam, Urban Development department  Commissioner, Industries and Commerce, Assam  Member Secretary, Pollution Control Board Assam  Commissioner, Guwahati Municipal Corporation  Commissioner to the Govt. of Assam, Water Resource Department  Divisional Forest officer, Social Forestry, Basistha, Guwahati -29

11. Monitoring mechanism proposed for implementation of action plans The water quality assessment and evaluation of impacts is necessary to understand the river state at various stages of the project implementation and post implementation of the project. Therefore the water quality assessment and evaluation of the project achievements is essential component for the long term benefit of the project. The monitoring and evaluation also indicate for taking corrective measure at appropriate time. The ill effects may be controlled by taking step at right time for right cause. The monitoring & evaluation schedule and plan proposed is as under –

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11.1 Water Quality Stations (WQS): The water quality monitoring will include following parameters, which shall be monitored at monthly interval or as and when required. The one complete unit to be purchased and identified parameters to be monitored at defined sampling stations. The sampling stations are:  Maijan  Bogibeel  Nimatighat  Biswanath Ghat  Dhenukhana Pahar  Sualkuchi  Chandrapur  Kacharighat  Pandu  Jogighopa  Dhubri The parameters to be monitored are as follows. 1 pH 6 Bio - Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 2 Turbidity 7 Faecal coliform 3 Conductivity 8 Total coliform 4 Temperature 5 Dissolved Oxygen Most of the(DO) parameters will be monitored manually and will be incorporated in database. 12. Public Mass awareness etc. Any river conservation project to be implemented successfully, public awareness is of utmost importance. Unless the public are made aware about the irreversible damage and pollution caused by indiscriminate littering and dumping of waste and garbage in drain and water bodies connected to Brahmaputra River, the project cannot be implemented in true sense of the word to achieve conservation. Some members of the communities are already aware that there is a need for river conservation programme and that they will be benefitted. Hence, it should be ensured with the following points  The communities are effectively involved in all the stages of the project cycle from conceptualization, to preparation, to finalization, to implementation and finally O & M.

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 Public Awareness & Public Participation should be affront-end activity of the project  The entire programme of conservation should be conceived, formulated, implemented, monitored and evaluated in close consultation with the stake holding communities. 13. Therefore, education and awareness programmes are key to the sustainability of the various components implemented as part of the river restoration project.

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14. Action Plan Table XXI: Action Point

Type Action Points Implementation Responsible Time Targeted Cost Estimate Status Authority (In crores)

a) Strict observation/ a) There are no gaps Pollution Control monitoring of industrial in the treatment Board Assam effluent/waste water of industrial discharge strictly for waste as the compliance. industrial units

b) Stringent action against have ETPs in non-complying industrial their premises as presented in units Table I c) No industry should operate or continue manufacturing 3 Months Industries process unless they possess (August, 2019 Nil valid permission for ground To water extraction from October, 2019) Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA)

d) Small service providing units like street food selling vendors, laundry etc. should

not be allowed to dispose solid, liquid or semi-liquid wastes directly into the drains or sewers.

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Type Action Points Implementation Responsible Time Targeted Cost Estimate Status Authority (In crores) e) Set up online monitoring system in the major

industries. f) To stress all the industrial units to adopt cleaner technology and take appropriate measures for Industries reduction of effluent, recycling and reuse of treated water g) Directions has been issued for Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) in the major polluting industrial units a) The quality of waste water a) Government of flowing in the drains of Assam has directed identified polluted stretch Guwahati Municipal have to be analysed and Corporation to PCBA/ Municipal Corporation/ studied to assess the drain prepare a DPR for ULBs/ Interception wise characteristics of waste installation of STPs 2 Years District 52.5 and treatment water. with a capacity of 75 (April, 2019 MLD in the Administration/ of raw sewage b) Concerned departments to Guwahati city in Water Resource March, 2021) should design the pursuance to the Department installation of Sewage Action Plan prepared Treatment Plant (STP) for Bharalu river

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Type Action Points Implementation Responsible Time Targeted Cost Estimate Status Authority (In crores) proposed at Tezpur town b) A meeting has based on flow details of the been convened with

drains and utilization the concerned capacity and ensure that stakeholders regarding initiation each households are connected to the sewers as of insitu treatment of applicable. sewage by bioremediation c) Sewage Treatment Plant should also consider treatment and disposal of Interception sewage for river catchment and treatment area settlement including of raw sewage discharge from toilets constructed under Swachh

Bharat Mission d) To trap the discharge using strainers before falling into river. e) Channelization including diversion of sewage generated from households to sewer lines/interception of all the drains presently carrying sewage and for

ensuing proper treatment

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Type Action Points Implementation Responsible Time Targeted Cost Estimate Status Authority (In crores) through the upcoming STPs. f) Local administration should Interception provide pucca latrines to all and treatment of raw sewage the households through Individual Households Latrines (IHHL) Scheme under Swachh Bharat Mission. a) Conducting survey regarding ground water

usage by category wise such as domestic, community, industries etc. and also Ground Water Assessment identification of over exploited and critical blocks in the river stretches with Continuous respect to the ground water PCBA/CGWA 0.5

extraction. b) Carry out assessment of ground water survey in the catchment area of the

identified polluted stretch once in a year to ensure quality.

c) All the industries should

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Type Action Points Implementation Responsible Time Targeted Cost Estimate Status Authority (In crores) have valid NOC from CGWA.

d) To promote roof top rain water harvesting by the industrial, commercial including individual households thereby Ground Water recharging the ground Assessment water. e) Directions to be issued that 6 Months no industries should inject (February,2020 their treated effluent for to ground water recharging. July, 2020) a) Conservation of the river through watershed management. Soil Conservation b) Cleaning of the river bed Department/Water 6 Months Flood Plain and bank. Resource/ Municipal (February,2020 Zone c) Afforestation on both the Corporation /Forest banks to prevent soil erosion Department/ to 1.0 d) Recreational activities to be Tourism July, 2020) promoted. e) Erection of pathway of the Department/PWD

river banks. Assam/District f) Prohibition of disposal of Administration municipal, plastic, biomedical and other wastes

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Type Action Points Implementation Responsible Time Targeted Cost Estimate Status Authority (In crores) in the polluted stretch of the river bank g) Demarcation of the flood plain zone. h) Checking /removal of Revenue To be decided encroachment in the flood Department/District by the plain zone of the polluted Government river stretch Administration

Flood Plain The plan for the polluted Zone stretches of the river may be implemented in a time bound manner by fragmenting 3 Months (August,2019 activities as to a) Modification of consent October, 2019) conditions in and around the Pollution Control polluted stretches. Nil b) Surveillance of sources of Board Assam pollution in contrast to the

norms. c) The monitoring committee may convene meeting of Stakeholder organizations Quarterly basis on Quarterly basis with under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary

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Type Action Points Implementation Responsible Time Targeted Cost Estimate Status Authority (In crores) d) Assessment of water quality of the polluted stretches on Flood Plain Monthly Basis Nil monthly basis has already Zone been commencing a) Prohibition of direct 3 Months disposal of solid waste in (November, Municipal the river banks. 2019 Solid Waste Corporation/ Water 0.4 to b) Frequent River Surface Resource January, 2020) cleaning by removal of Department debris, plastics etc. a) Flow measurement of the river should be carried out by the concerned department and the record has to be maintained Environmental b) Fresh water flowing through Water Resource Continuous 0.1 Flow escape channels/small Department barrages should be checked. The river can be of good potential for irrigation practices and should be carried out by the farmers

a) Awareness programs to Environment & Public highlight the issues related Forest Department Continuous 0.1 Awareness with the direct discharge of /UDD/GMC

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Type Action Points Implementation Responsible Time Targeted Cost Estimate Status Authority (In crores)

solid waste and open defecation. b) Mass awareness to conserve water. Total Budget Estimate 54.6 Crores

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