Proposition 50

Final Report

Component 9: Trout Creek Restoration Project

Submitted by: Town of Truckee

January 2013

Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

GRANT SUMMARY

Date filled out: June 17, 2008

Grant Information: Please use complete phrases/sentences. Fields will expand as you type.

1. Grant Agreement Number: 07‐504‐550‐0

2. Project Title: Town of Truckee Trout Creek Restoration 3. Project Purpose – Problem Being Addressed: Trout Creek is an urbanized stream with concrete channels, altered drainage routes, and poor habitat quality. It has been impacted by old downtown development, the railroad configuration, and other uses. The project purpose is to minimize urban flooding in the lower 7,000 feet of Trout Creek associated with the 100 year design flood event and restore Trout Creek to a more natural habitat, enhance fish habitat, and create additional riparian areas.

4. Project Goals a. Short‐term Goals: Design a creek restoration project that 1) provides 100‐year flood protection and improved floodplain 2) restores natural and ecological function of creek.

b. Long‐term Goals: Complete restoration of reaches 1, 3, 4, and 5 5. Project Location: (lat/longs, watershed, etc.) Trout Creek Watershed, within Truckee River Watershed. The portion of Trout Creek that is proposed for this project are portions of the creek between 39˚19’49”N 120˚11’08”W and 39˚19’53”N 120˚10’16”W. a. Physical Size of Project: (miles, acres, sq. ft., etc.) This portion of Trout Creek is approximately 7,000 feet, although not all reaches will be completed with this project.

b. Counties Included in the Project: Nevada

c. Legislative Districts: (Assembly and Senate) Assembly District 3 – Senate District 1

6. Which SWRCB program is funding this grant? Please “X” box that applies.

Prop 13 Prop 40 XX Prop 50 EPA 319(h) Other

Grant Contact: Refers to Grant Project Director.

Name: Todd Landry, P.E. Job Title: Senior Engineer

Organization: Town of Truckee Webpage Address: www.townoftruckee.com

Address: 10183 Truckee Airport Road

Phone: 530 582‐2904 Fax: 530 582‐7710

E‐mail: [email protected]

Grant Time Frame: Refers to the implementation period of the grant.

From: March 20, 2007 To: April 1, 2012

Project Partner Information: Name all agencies/groups involved with project. Tahoe Resource Conservation District

Nutrient and Sediment Load Reduction Projection: (If applicable)

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Table of Contents Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 4 a. Pre‐Project Conditions ...... 5 b. Proposed Improvement ...... 6 c. Post Improvement ...... 6 2. BACKGROUND ...... 7 a. Project Location ...... 7 b. Watershed ...... 9 Existing Conditions ...... 11 c. Historical Uses ...... 13 d. Problem Statement & Relevant Issues ...... 20 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 22 a. Project Type ...... 22 b. Project Cost ...... 22 c. Project Schedule ...... 23 Grant Agreement ...... 23 Project Planning and Design ...... 24 Reach 3 Construction ...... 24 Reach 3 Post Construction ...... 25 d. Project Goals ...... 25 e. Project ...... 26 Methodology ...... 26 CEQA ...... 29 Permits ...... 29 Reach 3 Construction ...... 30 f. Data ...... 30 g. Data Evaluation/Pollutant Load Reduction ...... 30 4. PUBLIC OUTREACH ...... 31 a) Fish Project ...... 31 b) Truckee River Day ...... 31 c) Teacher’s Interpretive Hikes ...... 31 5. PROJECT EVALUATION AND EFFECTIVENESS ...... 35 a. Project Assessment and Evaluation Plan ...... 35 b. Additional Measures of Success ...... 36 6. CONCLUSIONS ...... 39 7. APPENDICES ...... 40

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

List of Tables

Table 1: Project Costs ...... 22 Table 2: Project Construction Costs ...... 23 Table 3: Component 9: Town of Truckee Trout Creek Restoration Schedule ...... 25

List of Figures

Figure 1: Trout Creek Restoration Project Reaches ...... 4 Figure 2: Project Vicinity ...... 7 Figure 3: Trout Creek Restoration Project Plan View ...... 8 Figure 4: Truckee River Watershed and Trout Creek Subwatershed ...... 10 Figure 5: 1895 Topographic Map of Downtown Truckee and Trout Creek ...... 14 Figure 6: 1939 and 1952 Aerial Photos of Project Area ...... 15 Figure 7: Trout Creek Timeline ...... 16 Figure 8: 1966 and 1977 Aerial Photos of Project Area ...... 17 Figure 9: 1983 and 1997 Aerial Photos of Project Area ...... 18 Figure 10: Donner Pass Road Bridge Built in 2006 ...... 19 Figure 11: Before and After Photos of Reach 3 Restoration Project ...... 20 Figure 12: Pre‐Project Modeled Floodplain ...... 21 Figure 13: Trout On Site for Fish Project ...... 32 Figure 14: Students Weeding Trout Creek Site on Truckee River Day Project ...... 32 Figure 15: Teacher Interpretive Hike on Reach 3 ...... 33 Figure 16: Handout from Trout Creek Town Council Site Visit ...... 34 Figure 17: Reach 3 of Trout Creek during December 2, 2012 Rain Event ...... 37 Figure 18: Reach 1 of Trout Creek during December 2, 2012 Rain Event ...... 38

APPENDICES

A. List of References

B. List of Deliverables

C. Photographs: Before and After

D. Copies of Relevant Reports

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Town of Truckee, with 11 other agency partners, applied for and received Proposition 50 Integrated Regional Water Management (IRWM) Implementation Funds under the Tahoe Sierra IRWMP. The Trout Creek Restoration Project (Component 2.9 of the grant) was developed to design and implement the restoration of the lower portion of Trout Creek in the Town of Truckee. The project was funded for a total of $1,621,500 in Proposition 50 IRWM Implementation Funds. The project was initially awarded $1,371,500 and later an additional $250,000 in Amendment 3. The total project cost to date is $1,837,847 and match was provided by Town of Truckee Local Funds.

The Trout Creek Restoration Project includes design and implementation of a restoration plan for the degraded portion of Trout Creek between the Jibboom Street Crossing and the Pombo Material Yard crossing (Figure 1). The Trout Creek Restoration Project encompasses approximately one mile of stream channel that has been degraded by past land uses. The Trout Creek Restoration Project includes Reaches 1 through 5. Reach 6 (located at Trout Creek’s confluence to the Truckee River) is not part of the project. In addition to the restoration design, the project implemented the first phase of the restoration construction in Reach 3. Figure 1: Trout Creek Restoration Project Reaches

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

The restoration approach for lower Trout Creek was developed to achieve the following primary objectives:

 Develop a restoration design that will restore natural geomorphic function to lower Trout Creek, improve bed mobility, and reduce fine sediment loads into the channel.  Improve ecological value through creation of a functioning riparian corridor and enhancement of aquatic habitat.  Improve water quality by managing local runoff from existing and proposed urban developments and, where feasible, treating urban runoff before it enters Trout Creek.  Provide 100‐year flood protection though the project reach and reduce peak runoff, where feasible, from adjacent new developments through a storm water management program.  Improve the recreational and aesthetic value of lower Trout Creek.

Preliminary designs for Reaches 1 through 5 were already complete when the grant agreement was executed in 2008 and it was determined that the final design of Reaches 4 and 5 would be best delayed until the design of the Railyard Master Plan area is further developed. Therefore, the Trout Creek restoration efforts funded by the Proposition 50 IRWM Implementation Grant focused on Reaches 1 and Reach 3. Regardless, the entire restoration project area (Reaches 1 through 5) is described below. Reach 6 (located at Trout Creek’s confluence to the Truckee River) is not part of the overall Trout Creek Restoration Project.

Functionally, the project area can be divided into three segments: the concrete flood control channel encompassing most of Reach 1; the previously‐confined section through Reach 3 bounded by levees; the rail yard segment encompassing Reaches 4 and 5 that interfaces with the redevelopment efforts. For clarity, the “pre‐project” conditions described below represent the pre‐construction conditions for Reach 3. Reach 3 was reconstructed as a part of the Prop 50 project in 2011 and 2012. Reaches 1, Reach 4, and Reach 5 remain unimproved.

a. Pre‐Project Conditions

Over the past 150 years, the lower portion of Trout Creek, a tributary to the Truckee River, has been impacted by development of the downtown, the rail yard, and various other land uses. These impacts have resulted from channelization and realignment of Trout Creek and have upset natural channel processes such as bed load movement, habitat creation, hydrology, and riparian connectivity. Despite past efforts to manage Trout Creek, flooding impacts associated with the 1997 and 2006 rain‐on snow events occurred. Efforts to manage high flows and address impacts associated with flooding of lower Trout Creek has also resulted in severe impacts to the biological and aesthetic integrity of the stream and riparian system.

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

b. Proposed Improvement

The proposed restoration design creates a morphology that is both functional and resilient and borrows from restoration projects implemented in mountain and meadow stream systems throughout the Truckee and Tahoe region. The effort results in a creek corridor with improved habitat, bed mobility and sediment load, ecological value, water runoff management, and aesthetic value. The restoration is also design to contain the 100‐year flood and provide flood protection to the nearby properties.

The project includes two major components: Design and Construction. While the design portion of the project focuses on the design of Reaches 1 through 3, the construction only included Reach 3 (as the first phase of construction).

• The design portion of the project included final design of Reaches 1 and 3, including construction specifications and cost estimates. 30% designs for Reaches 1 through 5 were complete as a part of another project.

• The construction portion of the project included the construction of Reach 3 (from the Donner Pass Road bridge and extending approximately 800 feet downstream). Monitoring of the success of Reach 3 for the first year following construction was also included in this work effort.

c. Post Improvement

The Proposition 50 IRWM Implementation Grant project is now complete with the following successes:

 Final designs for Reach 1 and 3 have been completed, allowing the construction of Reach 3 and creating a shovel ready project for Reach 1.  The construction of Reach 3 and the future implementation of Reach 1 will result in an improved quality of floodplain, increased riparian habitat, improve flood capacity, and an aesthetically pleasing creek.  Two years of Town wide Water Quality Monitoring have been completed which include Rapid Assessment and Discrete Community Monitoring on Trout Creek.  Following the completion of Reach 3, the vegetative cover targets for the planting areas were met or exceeded and nearly 100% percent of the container stocks survived. In addition, willow transplants are growing vigorously.  In early December, the area experienced heavy rainfall causing Trout Creek and the Truckee River flow elevations to rise quickly. The newly constructed Reach 3 retained the storm water and little of the planted vegetation appears to be damaged.

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

2. BACKGROUND

a. Project Location

The Town of Truckee (Town) is located in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of approximately 5,900 feet and encompasses approximately 34 square miles. The Town is located in Eastern Nevada County and is bordered by Placer County to the south. The Town has a population of approximately 16,000. Although Truckee has a relatively small year round population, the population swells significantly in the summer and winter due to tourists and second homeowners.

Figure 2: Project Vicinity

Functionally, the Trout Creek Restoration Project area can be divided into three segments: the concrete flood control channel encompassing most of Reach 1; the previously‐confined section through Reach 3 bounded by levees; the rail yard segment encompassing Reaches 4 and 5 that interfaces with the redevelopment efforts (Figure 3). The work completed under the Proposition 50 IRWM Implementation Grant focused on final design for Reaches 1 and 3 and construction of Reach 3.

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Figure 3: Trout Creek Restoration Project Plan View

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

b. Watershed

The entire Truckee River watershed encompasses the headwaters of Lake Tahoe, Lake Tahoe, the Truckee River, and Pyramid Lake in Nevada. Our project focuses on the Middle Truckee River watershed which consists of the watershed area from the outflow of Lake Tahoe to the California/Nevada State line (Figure 4). The watershed includes portions of Placer, Nevada, and Sierra counties and covers an area of 435 square miles. Elevations in the watershed range from about 5,050 feet at the California/Nevada state line to over 10,778 feet at the summit of Mount Rose. A significant percentage of the watershed is over 6,000 feet in elevation.

The geology of the watershed is complex, with multiple eras of volcanism and a history of glaciation. The Sierra Nevada crest forms the western boundary of the watershed and is composed primarily of granitic base rocks capped in places by basaltic lava flows. The southern boundary contains volcanic deposits that ring the northern end of Lake Tahoe. The various rock units differ in weathering and erosion rates. In general, large granite outcrops are fairly resistant to weathering, but fractured granite near fault zones weather to fine to coarse sand. Volcanics in the watershed tend to weather more uniformly and erode into fine‐grained sediments. Glacial deposits and other younger units vary in their weathering characteristics (DRI, 2001). The steep topography coupled with the volcanic rock units means that 54% of the Truckee River watershed has been classified as “moderate” to “very high” erosion potential (LRWQCB, 2008).

There are 27 main sub‐basins in the Middle Truckee River watershed, and 7 major waterbodies (Figure 1). Flows in the river are regulated through a series of dams including Lake Tahoe, Donner Lake, Prosser Lake, Martis Lake, Independence Lake, Stampede Reservoir, and Boca Reservoir. The Truckee River, Bronco Creek, Gray Creek, and Squaw Creek are all 303(d) listed as impaired by excess sediment. Donner Lake is 303(d) listed as impaired for PCBs.

Trout Creek drains a 5.1 square mile watershed along the eastern crest of the Sierra Nevada Range. Elevations range from 7,300 feet at Donner Ridge to 5,800 feet at the project site. Climatically, the Truckee region is characterized by dry, warm summer and cold winters dominated by snowmelt. Over 80 percent of the total annual precipitation within the Trout Creek watershed falls between November and April, primarily as snowfall, though rain‐on‐snow events do occasionally occur. Typically, rain‐on‐ snow events occur when a deep layer of moist air is entrained from near the Hawaiian Islands, a climatic pattern referred to as the “Pineapple Express.” During summer months (from July through September), localized heavy rainfall from monsoon driven thunderstorms can occur. During most years, however, individual summer months usually have little or no rainfall.

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Figure 4: Truckee River Watershed and Trout Creek Subwatershed

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Existing Conditions

The Trout Creek Restoration Project area can be divided into six reaches (Reaches 1 through 6) in and near downtown Truckee (Figure 1). Reach 6 (located at Trout Creek’s confluence to the Truckee River) is not part of the overall restoration project. Existing conditions within the larger Project area can be defined as follows:

 Reach 1 ‐ Interstate 80 to Donner Pass Road: Reach 1 extends from the Interstate 80 crossing to Donner Pass Road for a distance of approximately 1,400 feet. Upstream of Jibboom Street, Trout Creek has been channelized along the eastern edge of the valley bottom to accommodate Bridge Street and the banks have been lined with rip‐rap. Riparian vegetation has recovered through this section of the channel, providing an intermittent shade canopy to Trout Creek. The channel gradient exceeds 5%, resulting in a morphology that is characterized by a series of pools interspersed with short drops or cascade sections. The Jibboom Street crossing consists of a concrete, double box culvert. Each box is approximately 10 feet wide with a 2 foot wide concrete wall separating the two boxes. The westernmost concrete box appears to have been retrofitted to focus flows down one side of the culvert and improve fish passage. Downstream of the Jibboom Street crossing Trout Creek takes a sharp 90 degree turn to the east within a concrete rectangular channel, running parallel to Jibboom Street and the Truckee River. The concrete rectangular channel abuts private property along its entire length, a distance of approximately 750 feet. Vegetation in Reach 1 includes domestic landscaping, Jeffrey pine, and willows, that grow on margins of the concrete channel.

Figure 5: Photos of 1997 Flood on Reach 1

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

 Reach 2 ‐ Donner Pass Road Bridge: Reach 2 (130 feet) consists solely of the new Donner Pass Road Bridge, which was completed as part of the Trout Creek Bridge Replacement Project in 2006. Trout Creek previously flowed through an undersized box culvert under Donner Pass Road and created flooding and erosion concerns upstream of the crossing. The Bridge Replacement Project realigned the creek in the vicinity of Donner Pass Road and placed a new natural‐bottom structure south of the existing creek location. The new structure provides over three times the flood capacity of the original culvert.

 Reach 3 ‐ Donner Pass Road to the UPRR Balloon Track: The upstream end of Reach 3 begins at the newly constructed Donner Pass Road Bridge and extends downstream for approximately 550 feet. Although less constrained than the concrete channel in Reach 1, Reach 3 was confined by small earthen levees, or embankments, on both sides, and a narrow easement corridor, which resulted in a straight channel that lacked diversity. A small levee on the north side protected several single family residences. On the south side of the channel, much of the property is owned by Sierra Pacific Power Company. The site is bounded by a power substation and the Truckee Tahoe Lumber Company to the south and private residence to the north. This reach was restored in 2011 and 2012 as the implementation portion of this project.

 Reaches 4 and 5 ‐ Balloon Track: Reaches 4 and 5 occur completely within the Railyard Master Plan area. Reaches 4 and 5 support some well‐established wetland species, but the spatial extent of riparian habitat is limited by the confinement of the channel, with anthropogenic fill to the south and steep topography to the north. Fill material in both of these reaches has been placed in the floodplain on the south side of the creek. Consequently, productivity is poor and vegetation is limited to ruderal species.

Within Reach 4 Trout Creek is confined to a narrow corridor that abuts the Glenshire Road fill slope on the north side and a metal floodwall made of old railroad box cars. At the downstream end of Reach 4 an historic road crossing and fill associated with the old lumber mill juts out from the north side. The upstream end of Reach 5 begins at the eastern extent of the balloon track, flowing east for approximately 2,000 feet. The upstream end of the reach is relatively flat and confined on the north side by Glenshire Road and on the south side by a levee that is rebuilt often following levee breaching events during high flow conditions. A small ditch parallels the main channel to the south of the levee. This feature is an historic ditch that diverted water from Trout Creek to a log pond to the east that was associated with the milling operation. At the downstream end of the reach, Trout Creek crosses the Pombo Material Yard access road through two undersized culverts that are perched at the downstream end. Downstream of the crossing the channel is more confined and incised into the terrace. Several large beaver dams occur downstream of the Pombo crossing.

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Within Reaches 1 through 5, Trout Creek crosses under Interstate 80, Jibboom Street, School Street, and Donner Pass Road and adjoins several structures including historic and non‐historic buildings. Several of the crossings disrupt sediment transport continuity and create associated channel instability. In addition, several of the crossings restrict flood flows and increase the flood hazard. Portions of Trout Creek experience frequent flooding of buildings and infrastructure due to physical constraints and a constructed channel that does not match the modified hydrology of the urbanizing watershed.

c. Historical Uses

Lower Trout Creek, downstream of the current Hwy 80 crossing, has been significantly modified over the last 100 years to accommodate the growing Truckee area and industrial uses associated with and dependent upon the proximity of the rail line. Historically, lower Trout Creek exited the confined canyon area above the current Hwy 80 crossing and flowed directly south to the Truckee River across a large active alluvial fan (Figure 5). Active alluvial fans are characterized by avulsions that cause the channel to occupy different positions on the fan in response to debris flows from rain‐on‐snow or high runoff snowmelt discharges. Coarse sediment deposition within the channel and floodplain at the head of the fan surface can be seen in the pattern of channel braiding in the 1939 and 1952 aerial photos. The location of the Town on the Trout Creek fan surface would have caused considerable damage during high discharge events, prompting the residence of the Town to take action to lessen future impacts.

Realignment of Trout Creek below Jibboom Street to roughly its present location most likely occurred between 1895 and 1901. In 1895, maps of the Truckee area show the Trout Creek alignment in its historic position with a direct southerly path to the Truckee River. Diversion of Trout Creek via a flume or open channel may have already been occurring as evidenced by the presence of a “stream” on the 1895 map in the vicinity of the current alignment. A flume may have been used to transport lumber, milled in the upper watershed, to the growing rail transportation network. In 1897, the Trout Creek Ice Company began production of ice for refrigeration cars traveling along the main rail line. By 1901 the balloon track had been constructed with trestles or culverts incorporated to pass Trout Creek flows through the balloon track. This alignment is evident in the earliest aerial photos of the site from 1939 (Figure 6).

Over time, portions of lower Trout Creek become naturalized as floods sculpted the erodible alluvial material and deposited sediment to form a channel, flood plain and terrace surfaces. A naturalized channel formed as vegetation colonized and wet floodplain surfaces reverted to riparian vegetation. By 1952, land use encroachments through Reaches 1, 2, and 3, resulted in severe channelization of Trout Creek and removal of riparian vegetation. The current Pombo crossing was constructed prior to 1952 to accommodate the saw mill and lumber yard, which was established in 1955, and the creek corridor downstream of the crossing was realigned.

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Figure 6: 1895 Topographic Map of Downtown Truckee and Trout Creek

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Figure 7: 1939 and 1952 Aerial Photos of Project Area

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Between 1952 and 1966, significant changes occurred on lower Trout Creek (Figure 7 and 9) with Trout Creek being set to its current alignment. Highway 80 was completed in 1964 and Bridge Street was extended, resulting in straightening of Trout Creek down to Jibboom Street and removal of all existing riparian vegetation. It appears that the concrete channel between Jibboom Street and Donner Pass Road was constructed during this period as evidenced by the lack of riparian vegetation through all of Reach 1. Trout Creek was also pushed to the edge of the rail yard site to allow for development of the log pond and areas to store the lumber. Only a thin riparian corridor remained through the rail yard site by 1977 following development of the lumber yard.

By 1983, some riparian vegetation appears to have reemerged along the realigned Trout Creek channel (Figure 10). The two roads accessing the lumber yard are well established by this time and a diversion ditch, which is still present today, supplies Trout Creek water to a log pond that was constructed in the Trout Creek floodplain. By 1997, the saw mill and lumber yard, which closed in 1989, was not operated, associated infrastructure not being used by the rail yard had been removed, and the log pond had been filled.

Figure 8: Trout Creek Timeline

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Figure 9: 1966 and 1977 Aerial Photos of Project Area

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Figure 10: 1983 and 1997 Aerial Photos of Project Area

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

In 2006, the Town of Truckee built a new Donner Pass Road crossing over Trout Creek. The new crossing consisted of an open bottom arch culvert with adequate capacity to contain the 100‐year flood. The 1949 culvert (the previous crossing) was kept in place to provide additional capacity).

Figure 11: Donner Pass Road Bridge Built in 2006 (1949 culvert can be seen to the right of the new bridge)

As a part of the Proposition IRWM Implementation Grant, Reach 3 was reconstructed in 2011 and 2012, as discussed in further detail below.

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Figure 12: Before and After Photos of Reach 3 Restoration Project

d. Problem Statement & Relevant Issues

Over the past 150 years, the lower portion of Trout Creek, a tributary to the Truckee River, has been impacted by development of the downtown, the rail yard, and various other land uses. These impacts have resulted from channelization and realignment of Trout Creek and have upset natural channel processes such as bed load movement, habitat creation, hydrology, and riparian connectivity. Despite past efforts to manage Trout Creek, flooding impacts associated with the 1997 and 2006 rain‐on snow events occurred. Efforts to manage high flows and address impacts associated with flooding of lower Trout Creek has also resulted in severe impacts to the biological and aesthetic integrity of the stream and riparian system.

The following pre‐project deficiencies have been identified for Trout Creek:

 The existing creek geometry creates discontinuities in sediment transport, lacks variability, and is more a function of past land use modifications, rather than a desire to create a functional channel, both physically and ecologically.  The profile discontinuity results in deposition of fine sediment, which exacerbates flooding conditions and degrades habitat conditions for fish and amphibian populations.  The lack of variability results in a homogeneous channel devoid of habitat generating functions.  As shown in Figure 12, the existing 100‐year floodplain extends into developed areas such as parking lots, the railroad balloon track, residential areas, power substations, and the Lumber Yard, creating a less‐than desirable floodplain and resulting in significant damage to structures and infrastructure during flood events.  The historic modification of the creek channel has resulted in a creek that provides little opportunity for recreation and has little aesthetic value.

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Figure 13: Pre‐Project Modeled Floodplain

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The solution to the issues addressed below was to prepare a design for the restoration of all reaches and implement the first phase of construction, which was Reach 3. The project goals and approach are described further below.

a. Project Type

The project includes two major components: Design and Construction.

 The design portion of the project included final design of Reaches 1 and 3 (30% design of Reaches 1 through 5 was completed in 2008), including construction specifications and cost estimates.

 The construction portion of the project included the construction of Reach 3 (from the Donner Pass Road bridge extending approximately 800 feet downstream).

b. Project Cost

The project costs are summarized below.

Table 1: Project Costs

Other Funding Line Items Total Costs Matching Funds Grant Funds Sources N/A N/A N/A N/A Direct Project Administration Costs N/A N/A N/A N/A Land Purchase/Easement Planning/Design/ Engineering/ $427,666.45 $27,666.45 $400,000.00 N/A Environmental Documentation $1,454,516.98 $233,016.98 $1,221,500.00 N/A Construction/Implementation Environmental Compliance/ Mitigation/ N/A N/A N/A N/A Enhancement N/A N/A N/A N/A Construction Administration N/A N/A N/A N/A Other Costs N/A N/A N/A N/A Construction/Implementation Contingency $1,882,183.43 $260,683.43 $1,621,500.00 N/A TOTALS

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Construction Implementation Costs are further detailed below:

Table 2: Project Construction Costs Item Amount Notes

Construction Contract with Herback General Engineering Original Construction Contract $ 899,984.50 Change Order # 1 For unsuitable materials and $ 13,400.15 fire hydrant repair. Changes due to increase/decrease in contract Pavement, boulder placement, quantities $ 11,412.68 slope protection fabric Total Construction Contract $924,797.33 Other Construction Costs (Inspection, Survey, Admin, etc.) $ 529,719.65

c. Project Schedule

Below is a summary of the completion of important project milestones:

Grant Agreement

 The Proposition 50 Integrated Regional Water Management (IRWM) Implementation Grant was first executed between the Tahoe Resource Conservation District (TRCD) and the Town of Truckee in May 2008. The Intergovernmental Grant Administration Agreement between the Town of Truckee and the Tahoe Conservation District was also executed in May of 2008.

 The 50% design of Reaches 1 and 3 began almost immediately but due to the State’s inability to sell bonds in 2008, the grant agreement was temporarily suspended. In 2009, the grant fund freeze was lifted and work on the design commenced.

 In June 2010, Town staff requested an amendment to the grant agreement to request a change the design scope of Component 9 (Trout Creek Restoration Project). Preliminary (30%) design plans had been prepared for Reaches 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 and the original grant agreement required 100% Design Plans and Specifications be prepared for Reaches 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The Town proposed to remove the final (100%) design requirements for Reaches 4 and 5 (the section of the creek that flows through the Railyard Master Plan project area) and to prepare 100% Design Plans and Specifications for Reaches 1 and 3 only. It was determined that the final design of

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Reaches 4 and 5 should be delayed until the Railyard Master Plan design is underway. The amendment was approved.

Project Planning and Design

 Project Assessment & Evaluation Plan (PAEP) was submitted in June 2008. A revised PAEP was submitted on December 2010.

 Waterways Consulting Engineers (Waterways) prepared the 30% designs for Reaches 1 through 5 of the restoration project in 2008. The Town extended their contract with Waterways in May of 2012 to complete final designs for Reaches 1 and 3.

 A Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) was prepared by Town staff at the end of December 2010. The MND analyzed potential impacts associated with the implementation of Reaches 1 and 3. The Truckee Town Council adopted the MND on January 20, 2011.

 50% design plans for Reaches 1 and 3 were completed in February 2011.

 Final Design for Reach 1 was completed in October 2012. The Town of Truckee plans to implement the first Phase of Reach 1 in 2014 using Supplemental Proposition 50 funds.

Reach 3 Construction

 Final design of Reach 3 was completed in June 2011.

 The permits from the Department of Fish and Game, Lahontan Water Quality Control Board, and Army Corps of Engineers were issued in July of 2011 and extended in October 2011 to allow construction to continue past the November 15 deadline identified in the original permits.

 The Reach 3 construction contract was advertised on the Town website and the Sierra Sun in June 2011. Bids were received from six contractors. Herback General Engineering was the low bidder for the project and the construction contract in the amount of $899,985 (plus a $89,999 contingency) was awarded to Herback at the July 26, 2011 Town Council meeting.

 The majority of the Reach 3 Construction Project was completed in November 2011 but the Vegetation Establishment period continued on until November 15, 2012. A Notice of Completion was filed for the project on November 27, 2012.

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

Reach 3 Post Construction

 A monitoring plan for Reach 3 was prepared in June 2011. A monitoring report for 2011 and 2012 was prepared and submitted to the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board by November 1 of each year. Monitoring will continue until 2014 (Monitoring Plan, Appendix b.1.3 and Monitoring Reports, Appendix D).

 Town Staff held a Trout Creek Restoration ‐ Reach 3 Site Visit with Town Council which was open to public on July 12, 2012.

 In early December, the area experienced heavy rainfall causing Trout Creek and the Truckee River flow elevations to rise quickly. The newly constructed Reach 3 retained the storm water and little of the planted vegetation appears to be damaged.

Table 3: Component 9: Town of Truckee Trout Creek Restoration Schedule

Item Description Date Submitted 1.1 GPS Information June 2008 1.2 Project Assessment & Evaluation Plan (PAEP) June 2008 Assessment of PAEP Status December 2011 and September 2012 1.3 Monitoring Plan (MP) August 2011 1.4 Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) January 2012 1.6 Copy of CEQA/NEPA Documentation May 2011 1.7 Financial Statements December 2007 and June 2008 1.8 Landowner Agreement(s) June 2011 1.9 Applicable Permits July 2011 and August 2011 2.9.1 Planning Documents June 2011 2.9.2 100% Design Plans & Spec. for Reach 1 and 3 October 2012 2.9.3 100% Design Plans and Spec. for first construction phase June 2011 2.9.4 Water Quality Monitoring Plan June 2011 2.9.5 Awarded Bid Documents August 2011 2.9.6 Awarded Prime Contractor & Initiation of Construction August 2011 2.9.11 As built drawings – 1st phase December 2012 6.2 Grant Summary Form July 2008 6.3 NRPI September 2012 6.4 Draft Component Report December 2012 6.5 Final Component Report January 2013

d. Project Goals

One of the principle objectives of this project is to improve floodplain function and quality along lower Trout Creek so that the channel and floodplain would provide historic functions such as flood attenuation, floodplain sedimentation, water quality treatment, and improved habitat for native aquatic

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project and terrestrial species. The project, along with other stormwater management activities being pursued by the Town through a Townwide Stormwater Management Plan, is expected to help reduce fine sediment inputs into Trout Creek and the Truckee River, which is a primary goal of the Truckee River Basin Sediment TMDL.

Through a combination of channel re‐grading and floodplain modification, the Town of Truckee seeks to achieve the following objectives with the restoration effort on Reach 3 and Reach 1 of Trout Creek:

 Restore natural, habitat building channel processes, recognizing the limitations of its urban location;  Improve ecological value through creation of a functioning riparian corridor and enhancement of aquatic habitat;  Improve water quality by managing stormwater runoff;  Develop channel geometry and capacity to contain the 100‐year flood event, thereby providing improved flood protection and preventing further property and infrastructure damage;  Improve floodplain quantity and quality;  Improve the recreational and aesthetic value of Trout Creek.

The project goals identified in the Project Assessment and Evaluation Plan (PAEP) are as follows:

1) Planning, Research, Monitoring and Assessment a) Develop a plan to monitor success of restoration project.

2) Flood Attenuation and Floodplain Protection a) Restore natural and ecological creek function. b) Provide 100‐year flood protection and improved floodplain.

3) Habitat Restoration a) Improve ecological value of creek.

e. Project

Methodology

The proposed restoration design takes advantage of project opportunities, as well as constraints, to rework the channel profile, planform and bankfull geometry to create a morphology that is both functional and resilient and borrows from restoration projects implemented in mountain and meadow stream systems through the Truckee and Tahoe region.

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Habitat

Although lower Trout Creek provides habitat for fish and wildlife species, habitat conditions could be significantly improved through restoration of important habitat elements such as:

 Improved Cover Habitat: Fish and amphibians rely on escape cover to avoid predation. Escape cover includes large and small woody material, boulders, undercut banks, and aquatic and terrestrial vegetation. Existing conditions in Trout Creek provides some cover habitat in the form of undercut banks and terrestrial vegetation, but it lacks the complexity to support a diversity of habitat types.

 Hydraulic Complexity: The existing channel lacks the variability of velocity and flow fields to create diverse habitat conditions and to sort fine sediment from other grain sizes, such as gravels, that trout rely on during certain phases of their life cycle. A restored Trout Creek channel can incorporate each of these habitat elements by creating an appropriately sized channel, varying channel types through the project reach via changes in slope, width to depth ratios, and sinuosity and installing habitat enhancing large wood structures. Vegetation diversity and a wider riparian corridor will also improve habitat conditions in floodplain areas that are non‐existent under current conditions.

Flooding

Despite past efforts to manage Trout Creek, flooding impacts associated with the 1997 and 2006 rain‐ on‐snow events occurred. Efforts to manage high flows and address impacts associated with flooding of lower Trout Creek has also resulted in severe impacts to the biological and aesthetic integrity of the stream and riparian system. This project seeks to reduce flood risks for downtown businesses and residents and improve the natural and aesthetic qualities of lower Trout Creek.

A 100‐year flow was developed by Waterways Consulting Engineers based upon an evaluation of the impacts associate with build out of the upstream Tahoe Donner development, available flow gage data on Trout Creek, and available flow data on similar creeks in the area (see Trout Creek Restoration Project – Phase 1 Preliminary Design Report, Swanson Hydrology and Geomorphology, 2008). A HEC‐RAS model was used to evaluate the extents of the 100‐year floodplain.

The results of the existing conditions model of Trout Creek indicate that the existing concrete channel along the majority of Reach 1 will overtop along the right (south) bank during a 100‐year flood event. The model also indicates the Jibboom Street crossing will be overtopped. Since the elevation of the concrete channel is higher than the elevation of the surrounding ground located to the south of Trout

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Creek, the overtopping flows will not immediately re‐enter the channel. The modeling indicates the flooding is less than 1 foot in most areas, but is much deeper in other areas. Prior to the improvements in Reach 3, the 100‐year floodplain extended into the adjacent residential properties, the Lumber Yard, and the Sierra Pacific power substation property. However, post‐construction, the project contains 100‐ year flood flows.

Figure 14: Reach 1 Flooding by Assumption Catholic Church in January 2006.

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Figure 14: Reach 1 Flooding Along E Street in January 2006.

CEQA

The 30% plans for Reaches 1 through 5 were completed in 2008. These plans were used as the basis for the CEQA review and development of 50% and final plans. A Mitigated Negative Declaration (MND) was prepared by Town staff at the end of December 2010. The MND analyzed potential impacts associated with the implementation of Reaches 1 and 3. The Truckee Town Council adopted the MND on January 20, 2011.

Permits

The following construction permits were obtained for construction of Reach 3:

 Department of Fish and Game Streambed Alteration Agreement  Army Corps of Engineers 404 (Clean Water Act) Permit  Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board 401 (Clean Water Act) Permit  State Water Resources Control Board Construction General Permit.

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Reach 3 Construction

The scope of the project construction included the salvage of existing riparian vegetation, realignment of the channel, the widening of the floodplain, partial removal of the levee along the north bank, construction of habitat pools and log structures, and substantial revegetation of project area. The project construction:

 Relocated over 500 fish (30% were Trout).  Excavated 7,400 cubic yards of fill.  Installed 3 rock weirs.  Installed 16 log structures.  Installed 3 hummocks and 6 habitat pools.  Planted over 700 container plants, over 4,000 plugs and tree bands, and almost 800 willow stakes.  Installed one sediment basin and one stormceptor drain inlet.  Placed over 200 cubic yards of aggregate base and 180 tons of asphalt concrete.

Please see 2011 and 2012 Monitoring Report (Appendix D) and Final PAEP Report (Appendix B.1.2) for a discussion of monitoring efforts and project success.

f. Data

Please see attached Monitoring Plan and 2011 and 2012 Monitoring Reports (Appendix D) and As Built Plans (Appendix B.2.9.11).

g. Data Evaluation/Pollutant Load Reduction

Please see attached Monitoring Plan and 2011 and 2012 Monitoring Reports (Appendix D).

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

4. PUBLIC OUTREACH

The Town has included the following public outreach as a part of this project:

1) Public Outreach in 2007

a) Fish Project. The Fish Project was a public art created in partnership with Arts for the Schools, Trout Unlimited and Truckee mayor, Richard Anderson. Students received in class presentations about Sierra trout species, habitat requirements and water quality that lead back to the Trout creek restoration project. Students then painted 24” cut outs of trout that were displayed as public art at Trout creek. The fish were ‘planted’ as a kick off to the Truckee River day restoration activities. Students were recognized by the Town of Truckee with a proclamation and individual recognition certificates. 107 students participated.

b) Truckee River Day. Students, teachers and parents participated in water quality monitoring and vegetation restoration near the newly replaced culvert at Trout creek as part of Truckee River Day. Town of Truckee assistant engineer Becky Bucar gave a presentation to participants at lunch about the current phase of the Trout creek restoration projects. The Truckee River day project involved re‐seeding some bare areas, weeding around existing plants, and bagging and removing the material. SWEP also led a water quality monitoring and macro‐invertibrate lab for interested students and parents. SWEP employees participated in the Truckee River Day project and were able to speak informally to participants about the project and the educational activities that we have been involved with on Trout creek to date. 25 students and 50 adults participated.

c) Teacher’s Interpretive Hikes. A Teacher’s Interpretive Hike at Trout Creek was held for teachers and community members to learn more about the history of Trout creek, current restoration efforts and future plans. Todd Landry and Becky Bucar from the Town of Truckee gave a presentation to participants about the project and the group walked the creek. Teachers and community members were provided with an informational packet and classroom activities related to the Trout creek restoration. 10 teachers participated.

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Figure 13: Trout On Site for Fish Project

Figure 14: Students Weeding Trout Creek Site on Truckee River Day Project

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Figure 15: Teacher Interpretive Hike on Reach 3

2) Town of Truckee held a stakeholders committee meeting in November 2007, which included members from the Truckee River Watershed Council, Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Fish and Game, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board, and L+P Design Works (landscape architect).

3) Town staff facilitated ongoing discussions with the following groups or individuals throughout the development of the designs and construction of Reach 3 a) Residents along Trout Creek Road b) Property Owners (Grantors of Easement) i) Sierra Pacific Power Company ii) Truckee Development Associates c) Utilities i) Truckee Sanitation District ii) Truckee Donner Public Utility District

4) Town staff facilitated ongoing discussions with the following groups or individuals throughout the development of the designs of Reach 1 a) Property Owners (Grantors of Easement)

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i) Assumption Catholic Church ii) Truckee Donner Recreation and Park District iii) Private Residents b) Utilities i) Truckee Sanitation District ii) Truckee Donner Public Utility District

5) There were also several public Town Council meetings over the course of the project, with the purpose of discussion the following: a) Design and Monitoring Contracts with Waterways Consulting, Inc. b) Proposition 50 Amendments c) Reach 3 Construction Contract Award d) Property Purchase for Reach 3 e) Numerous grant applications f) Adoption of Trout Creek Mitigated Negative Declaration/Initial Study

6) Town Staff held a Trout Creek Restoration ‐ Reach 3 Site Visit with Town Council which was open to public on July 12, 2012.

Figure 16: Handout from Trout Creek Town Council Site Visit

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

5. PROJECT EVALUATION AND EFFECTIVENESS

The Proposition 50 IRWM Implementation Grant project was a success overall. Final designs for Reach 1 and 3 have been completed, allowing the construction of Reach 3 and creating a shovel ready project for Reach 1. As outlined in the Project Assessment and Evaluation Plan (PAEP) discussion below and the 2012 monitoring report, the Reach 3 construction project has been successful in meeting the project goals thus far. a. Project Assessment and Evaluation Plan

The project effectiveness in terms of the Project Assessment and Evaluation Plan (PAEP) are as below.

1) Planning, Research, Monitoring and Assessment a) Goal: Develop a plan to monitor success of restoration project. b) Achievements: i) The Town of Truckee Approved Water Quality Monitoring Plan for the Town of Truckee in 2008. Consistent with the plan, two years of Town wide Water Quality Monitoring have been completed which include Rapid Assessment and Discrete Community Monitoring on Trout Creek. ii) The Town of Truckee Approved a Monitoring Plan specific to the Reach 3 Restoration Project in 2011. This plan was consistent with the Town wide Plan but also included cross‐section and temperature measurements.

2) Flood Attenuation and Floodplain Protection a) Goal: Restore natural and ecological creek function. b) Achievements: i) Construction of Reach 3 is complete. The success of the plants has been evaluated and the 1st year coverage requirements per the monitoring plan have been met. 53 container plants will be replaced this summer and additional seed will be placed this fall. The current plans for Reaches 1 through 5 estimate a net gain of 1.41 acres of marsh wetland (the majority of which would be constructed in Reach 5). Please see Figure 45 from the Trout Creek Restoration Preliminary Design Report (Appendix D). c) Goal: Provide 100‐year flood protection and improved floodplain. d) Achievements: i) The Trout Creek Restoration Project design increases quality (natural) floodplain by 25.7% and will reduce developed/disturbed floodplain by 85%. ii) The 50% plans for Reaches 1 and 3 include capacity enhancements that will contain a 100‐ year flood. Flood attenuation in the recently constructed Reach 3 will be estimated in future years with creek cross section measurements completed as a part of the monitoring plan implementation. A baseline condition of these cross sections was developed in 2012 and

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changes in flood volumes and channel roughness, and how those conditions may affect flood risk, will be evaluated with the next cross‐section evaluation in 2014.

3) Habitat Restoration a) Goal: Improve ecological value of creek. b) Achievements: i) Restoration of Reach 3 is substantially complete and the plants and final floodplain seed have been installed. ii) The current design plans for Reaches 1 through 5 would create approximately 1.94 acres of additional riparian habitat, representing a 50% increase.

Refer to PAEP (Appendix B.1.2) for further analysis: b. Additional Measures of Success

Although not quantified in the PAEP, there are several other measures of success as follows:

1. The vegetative cover targets for the planting areas on Reach 3 were met or exceeded. 2. Nearly 100% percent of the container stocks survived. 3. The large root ball willow transplants are growing vigorously and very little mortality was seen. 4. In early December, the area experienced heavy rainfall causing Trout Creek and the Truckee River flow elevations to rise quickly. The newly constructed Reach 3 retained the storm water and little of the planted vegetation appears to be damaged. For reference, the flows in the Truckee River at Farad on December 2, 2012 reached almost 3,700 cubic feet per second and a stage of just over 7 feet. In comparison, the approximate 50‐year storm of 1997 resulted in a flow of 14,900 cubic feet per second and a stage of 13.13 feet.

Please see 2012 Monitoring Report (Appendix D) for additional evaluation of project effectiveness. In particular, Water Temperature, Erosion and Sedimentation, Flood Risk, and Biological Resources.

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Figure 17: Reach 3 of Trout Creek during December 2, 2012 Rain Event

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Figure 18: Reach 1 of Trout Creek during December 2, 2012 Rain Event

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Proposition 50 – Agreement 07‐504‐550‐3 Final Report Component 9 – Trout Creek Restoration Project

6. CONCLUSIONS

The Town of Truckee is continuing its efforts to restore Trout Creek. Supplement Proposition 50 funds will be used to design and construct the restoration of a portion on Reach 1 in 2013 or 2014. The Town also plans to coordinate restoration efforts as the development of the Railyard Master Plan (Reaches 4 and 5) progresses. In addition, monitoring of the Reach 3 restoration project will continue until 2014.

The Town considers the restoration design and construction efforts to be successful. The restoration of Reach 3 has met the project goals and will act as a model for the development of restoration efforts on Reach 1 (and eventually on Reaches 4 and 5). Still, there are always lessons to be learned. In particular, the following should be considered as restoration efforts proceed:

 A number of weeds have grown on the Reach 3 site. Some of these weeds (such as the sweet white clover) may have propagated with the use of overhead irrigation. The reduced use of overhead irrigation should be considered in future design efforts. In addition, the seed specs should specify that non invasive weeds should prohibit or limit the presence of non‐invasive weeds in the seed mixes.  Pumps were used to dewater the site. This approach worked well except that in the beginning phases of the project the pump failed. Luckily the failure was identified early so that no harm was done to the project, but future use of pumps for dewatering should include backup pump systems and alerts in case of pump failure.  The acquisition of the permit from the Army Corps of Engineers, in particular, took more time than expected. Future permitting efforts should coordinate project (and especially the cultural studies) with the Army Corps early in the process.  Public outreach to effected property owners (especially in the design phases) is essential to a successful project.

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7. APPENDICES A. List of References National Weather Service, California River Forecast Center (www.cnrfc.noaa.gov) Town of Truckee Water Quality Monitoring Plan, 2nd Nature, 2008

B. List of Deliverables:

1.2 Project Assessment & Evaluation Plan (PAEP), June 2008 Assessment of PAEP Status, December 2011 and September 2012 1.3 Monitoring Plan (MP), August 2011 1.4 Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), January 2012 1.6 Copy of CEQA/NEPA Documentation, May 2011 1.7 Financial Statements, December 2007 and June 2008 1.8 Landowner Agreement(s), June 2011 1.9 Applicable Permits, July 2011 and August 2011 2.9.1 Planning Documents, June 2011 2.9.2 100% Design Plans & Spec. for Reach 1 and 3, October 2012 2.9.3 100% Design Plans and Specifications for Reach 3 (first construction phase), June 2011 2.9.4 Water Quality Monitoring Plan, June 2011 2.9.5 Awarded Bid Documents, August 2011 2.9.6 Awarded Prime Contractor & Initiation of Construction, August 2011 2.9.11 As built drawings (Reach 3), December 2012 6.2 Grant Summary Form, July 2008 6.3 NRPI, September 2012 6.4 Draft Component Report, December 2012 6.5 Final Component Report, Proposed February 2013

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