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A New Record of Lynceus Brachyurus Müller, 1776 (Laevicaudata: Lynceidae) from the Shiretoko Peninsula, Northeast Japan

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A New Record of Lynceus Brachyurus Müller, 1776 (Laevicaudata: Lynceidae) from the Shiretoko Peninsula, Northeast Japan Plankton Benthos Res 15(4): 334–336, 2020 Plankton & Benthos Research © The Japanese Association of Benthology Note A new record of Lynceus brachyurus Müller, 1776 (Laevicaudata: Lynceidae) from the Shiretoko Peninsula, Northeast Japan Norihito Takahashi* Kukuma System Design, 524–15 Minehama, Rausu, Hokkaido 086–1751, Japan Received 24 September 2019; Accepted 5 July 2020 Responsible Editor: Kensuke Yanagi doi: 10.3800/pbr.15.334 Abstract: A new Japanese record of the Holarctic clam shrimp Lynceus brachyurus is presented with key morphological characteris- tics and habitat information. The rostrum, clasper, telson, and lamina abdominalis of this insular record are similar to those of the com- mon form of L. brachyurus in continental populations, and our specimens fall within the previously reported species variability. Key words: Hokkaido, Holarctic, Smooth clam shrimp, Species variability, Temporary pool Laevicaudatan clam shrimps are small freshwater crusta- pan, 44.121056°N, 145.084719°E). Research in the SFLF was ceans that inhabit inland astatic pools (Martin & Belk 1988, conducted under Permit No. 1604271 of the Kushiro Nature Rogers & Olesen 2016). These shrimps have a smooth, bi- Conservation Office, Ministry of the Environment. Collect- valved carapace, a large shield-like head with a rostrum, and ed shrimps were preserved in 70–80% ethyl alcohol. Speci- a tiny telson, as denoted in the name of the first described mens were dissected to examine morphological traits using species Lynceus brachyurus Müller, 1776. This species is stereo and optical microscopes (RAYMER SW-302 L and widespread in the Holarctic region and has previously been BX-3500TL). Illustrations of the specimens were drawn dur- reported in several countries, including Austria, Belgium, ing microscopy observations (Fig. 1). Examined specimens Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, were deposited at the Hokkaido University Museum (ICHUM France, Germany, Kazakhstan, Hungary, Norway, Pakistan 5974–5975). (high altitude), Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Swe- Clam shrimps from the two new localities fall within the den, Turkey (high altitude), Ukraine, and the USA (Lund- species variability of L. brachyurus. The male rostrum (Figs. blad 1920, Daday 1927, Kaisila et al. 1963, Straskraba 1965, 1A–B) adopts the commonly reported “less inferomedial Martin & Belk 1988, Rabet et al. 2005, Ustaoğlu et al. 2005, projection” form (Martin & Belk 1988). The female rostrum Sidorovsky et al. 2014, Rogers & Olesen 2016). In the Japa- (Figs. 1C–D) displays an acute inferomedial projection. The nese archipelago, only Lynceus biformis (Ishikawa, 1895) has male clasper (Figs. 1H–I) comprises a typical arcuate endite previously been recorded and is found in rice paddy fields on 3 with a slender endopod and small, oblong endites. The tel- the main island Honshu (Ferrari & Grygier 2011). To date, son and female lamina abdominalis (Figs. 1E–G) bear similar there is no record of these shrimps from Hokkaido, which is characteristics to those reported in earlier studies (Sars 1896, the second largest island in the archipelago, located north of Daday 1927, Mattox 1939, Botnariuc 1947). Honshu. Both new localities are completely surrounded by dense The author collected 10 male (1.4–1.7 mm length) and forest. The PN snow-melt pool (Fig. 2A) appears annually 24 female (1.3–1.9 mm length) smooth clam shrimps on during spring in a mortar-shaped depression of the Horobetsu June 10, 2017, at Ponhoro-numa (PN; Shari, Hokkaido, Ja- riverside broad-leaved forest. The maximum diameter of the pan, 44.078156°N, 145.034221°E). Two female clam shrimps pool in early April is approximately 50 m. However, the pool (3.8–3.9 mm length) were collected on June 26, 2016, at disappears annually in late July, after which the fern spe- Shiretoko Five Lakes Forest (SFLF; Shari, Hokkaido, Ja- cies Thelypteris palustris grows abundantly in the area. In this locality, great numbers of small L. brachyurus (Fig. 2B) * Corresponding author: Norihito Takahashi; E-mail, amb13space@ appeared every year between 2015 and 2019, along with the gmail.com tadpoles of Rana pirica. In the SFLF, a small oval pool forms Holarctic clam shrimp from Shiretoko 335 Fig. 1. Lynceus brachyurus Müller, 1776. A) male head, left side view; B) male head, anterior view; C) female head, anterior view; D) female head, left side view; E) female telson and lamina abdominalis, dorsal view; F) male telson, left side view; G) male telson, ventral view; H) male left 1st thoracopod, superior view; I) male left 1st thoracopod, inferior view. All scale bars=0.25 mm. (Fig. 2C), with an approximate length of 5 m. The presence of Japanese laevicaudatan species are separated by the Tsugaru L. brachyurus (Fig. 2D) was confirmed in this forest in 2016 Strait. However, if L. biformis really has Russian localities only. Numerous mosquito (Aedes spp.) larvae and cladocerans as reported in Yoon & Kim (2000), Hokkaido (including the (Daphnia spp.) also occur in this pool. study area) may also support this species. To date, there are This is the first record of a laevicaudatan clam shrimp few records of large branchiopods from Hokkaido (Kikuchi from Hokkaido and of Lynceus brachyurus (Japanese name: 1957, Takahashi et al. 2018 and this study), and further field Kita Tama-Kaiebi) in Japan. This finding reveals that two research and material based examinations are needed. 336 N.Takahashi Fig. 2. Collection sites and shrimps. A) Ponhoro-numa (PN) pool; B) live Lynceus brachyurus; C) Shiretoko Five Lakes Forest (SFLF) pool; D) L. brachyurus specimen with right carapace removed. Crustac Biol 8: 451–482. Acknowledgements Mattox NT (1939) Description of two new species of the genus Eulimna- dia and notes on the other Phyllopoda of Illinois. Am Midl Nat 22, I would like to thank Takao Asanuma for his cooperation 642–653. https://doi.org/10.2307/2420342 and Koichiro Miyana for taking photograms of the speci- Rabet N, Cart JF, Montero D, Boulekbache H (2005) First record of Lynceus mens. I also personally thank Mitsuho Yokomae, owner of brachyurus Müller, 1776 (Branchiopoda: Laevicaudata, Lynceidae) in Toomawari Guest House in Rausu Town, who first guided me France. Crustaceana 78: 931–940. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854005775 when I lost my way to Ponhoro-numa. 197253 Rogers DC, Olesen J (2016) Laevicaudata catalogus (Crustacea: Bran- chiopoda): an overview of diversity and terminology. Arthropod Syst References Phylo 74: 221–240. Sars GO (1896) Fauna Norvegiae vol. I: Descriptions of the Norwegian Botnariuc N (1947) Contribution à la connaissance des Phyllopodes species at present known belonging to the sub-orders Phyllocarida and Conchostracés de Roumanie. Not Biol 5: 68–158 (plus eleven plates). Phyllopoda. Joint Stock Printing Company, Christiania, 140 pp. (plus (in French) twenty plates). https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9166 Daday E (1927) Monographie systématique des Phyllopodes Conchostracés Sidorovsky SA, Kargapoltseva IA, Kholmogorova NV (2014) New data Troisieme partie (fin). Ann Sc Nat Zool Sér 10 (10): 1–112. (in French) on the fauna of Anostraca, Notostraca and Conchostraca of the Ud- Ferrari FD, Grygier MJ (2012) Variability of trunk limbs along the murt Republic. Amurian Zool J 6: 12–14. (in Russian with English anterior/posterior body axis of juvenile and adult Lynceus biformis Summary) (Ishikawa, 1895) (Branchiopoda, Laevicaudata, Lynceidae). Crusta- Straskraba M (1965) Taxonomical studies on Czechoslovak Conchos- ceana 85: 359–377. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854012X624655 traca II. Families Lynceidae and Cyzicidae. Vest Cs Spolec Zool 29: Kaisila J, Haahtela I, Valtonen T (1963) The first record of Lynceus 205–214. brachyurus O.F. Müller (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in Finland. Aquilo Takahashi N, Kitano T, Hatanaka Y, Nagahata Y, Tshistjakov YA, Ser Zool 1: 17–23. Hamasaki M, Moriya H, Igarashi K, Umetsu K (2018) Three new spe- Kikuchi H (1957) Occurrence of a new fairy shrimp, Chirocephalopsis cies of the fairy shrimp Eubranchipus Verill, 1870 (Branchiopoda: uchidai sp. nov., from Hokkaido, Japan (Chirocephalidae Anostraca). Anostraca) from northern Japan and far Eastern Russia. BMC Zool J Fac Sc Hokkaido Univ Ser 6 Zool 13: 59–62. https://eprints.lib.hoku- 3: 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-018-0029-2 dai.ac.jp/dspace/handle/2115/27201 Ustaoğlu MR, Balik S, Özdemir Mis D, Aygen C (2005) The zooplank- Lundblad O (1920) Vergleichende Studien über die Nahrungsaufnahme ton of some mountain lakes in the Taurus range (Turkey). Zool Middle einiger schwedischen Phyllopoden, nebst synomomischen, morpholo- East 34: 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2005.10638089 gischen und biologischen Bemerkungen. 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