CAM 2-REVENUE Major C. T. C. Beecroft, . C. C. Dawson, Esq., Sotik. A-LICENCES Brie.-General A. R. Wainewright. Thomson's Falls. The sum obtained from the sale of licences was £7,287, G. -R. Nightingale, Esq., Narnanga. made up as folIows : Game, £5,933; Game Bird, £386; Trout. G. Rnyne;, Esq.. Mombasa. f 968. 1.1. C. Nightingale, Esq., Kijabe. G. E. C. Robcrtson, Esq., Muhoroni. The following is a comparative table giving the numbers Major J. Kingdon, . of the sevcral ganlc licc~lccsovcr ihc last eight years :- - W. L. Lewis. Esq., . R. T. Medcalfe, Esq., Donyo Sabuk. L~cnh-c~s I929 l930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 R. W. Foster, Esq., Voi. ------F. R. 1-1. Grccn, Esq., Kisii. Visitor's F1111 . . 36 43 3.1 9 32 15 18 21 Commander D. E. Blunt, Kisii. Visitor's 14-day. - - - - T. R. P. Salmon, Esq.. Malindi. . 12 18 20 G. W .Low. Esq.. Narok. Visitor's PrivaLe Captain H. L. R. Watt, Eldama Ravine. Land . . . . 20 11 11 25 15 4 G 5 *D. D. J. Fawcus. Esq., . *G. C. Sauvage, Esq.. . Serving Oillcer'u "J. Sorabjee, Esq., Nairobi. Full . . . . 5 6 2 '1 5 3 3 G "13. A. Walker, Esq., ICajiado. Scrving Officer's - - - - "Appointed in 1936. 14-day.. .. 10 8 12 Servuig Officer's The following is a list of Honorary- Trout Wardens :- Private Lmd. . - - - - - 2 4 2 Captain P. S. Bent, Nanyuki. Resident's Full.. H. J. Allen Turner, Esq., . 315 331 258 170 142 177 145 150 0. Q. Grogan, Esq., Turi. Resident's 14-day 135 135 160 148 105 91 96 82 Captain A. C. Anstcy, Naro Moru. Captain J. G. P. Browne. Nanyuki. Resident's Priv~~to J. N. Tweetlie, Esq., Endebcss. Larlcl . . .. 615 303 327 256 209 170 l53 142 Major C. T. C. Beecroft, Gilgil. V. F. C. Pcto, Esq., Londiani. Assiritant'tj . . - - - - 14 13 28 Captain E. N. Millington, Molo. 51. D. Hinde. Esq.. Nanyuki. Native Employee's 13 G 10 48129 6 J. F. Lipscomb, Esq., Naivasha. Bird . . . 1,134 1,112 1.191 1,002 I. P. Axelsson, Esq., Kitalc. . 946 866 771 763 klajor M. A. Ridley, Moiben. l:lophtlnt, 1~t. . 37 23 27 30 34 29 30 32 Captain A. K. Gibson, Gilgil.

A. R. Colvilc, Esq., Gilgil. Elephant, 211d . . 4 l U) ti n 6 cl 6 Lt.-Commander G. W. Norman, Kericho. H. C. Lydford, Esq., Kericho. Rhuio, 1st . . 63 46 47 21 31 23 28 25 G. Q. Orchardson. Esq., Kcricho. G. A. Weatherill, Esq., Kericho. Rhino, 2nd . . 15 9 7 4 4 1 2 6 E. Barsaclough, Esq., Thomson's Falls. Giraffe . . . G 3 - 2 G. J. Grant, Esq.. Kcricho. . 1 342 J. B. Soamcs, Esq., Nanyuki. Ostrich . . . . 17 12 19 S 8 12 3 12 Hugh Coplcy, Esq., Nairobi. C. C. Gray, Esq., Kericho. Governor's Pornlit Major .l.Kingdon, Nyeri. (incl~ldingB1el.u R. C. Koyston, Esq.. Sotik. nrld l<~valeEle- *C. E. F. Bird. Esq., Thikz. piuuits) . . 2i 78 !B 229 G!) 21 +W. J. H. Georgc, Esq., Sotik. p------Total Revenue . .£ 13,285 11,754 ll,liOk 7,163 8,647 6,703 6,923 6,319 * Appointed in 1936. 31 I 38 CAM G 7 CAM The following is an analysis of licences issued :- I I I I The following are the figures for trout liccnces for the last eight years :- LICESCES ( pean ( Indian 1 Gonn 1 Somali INativeI Total

Visitor's I'ull E76 Visit,or'.s l &day E16 T7isitor's Private Land £10 Scrvir~gOECCI.'~ F1111 f20 Serving Officer's 14- day .. f4 Serving Oficor's Pri- The following is n table showing the value of the licenccs vateLand.. E4 acquired by various nationalities :- Resident's Full f 7-f 10 Resident's 14-day E 2 ;E S. c. Resiclent,'s Private Europeans ...... 7,057 12 00 Land . . E2 Indians ...... 82200 Asshtnnt'~ . . Sh. l0 Goans ...... 63800 Native ~rnploy00'9E2 ...... Bird . . . . 811. 10 Arabs and Somalis ...... 34 15 00 Elephant, 1st (undor Natives ...... 493 00 Resident's l?dl)£25 Elephant, 1st (under Total ... £7,287 0 00 Visitor's Full) E25 Elepllnnt, 2nd (under B-IVORY AND CONFISCATEDTROPHIES 12esident's Ful1)XSO Elcphnrnt,, 2nd (under The sun1 obtained from the sale of ivory and othcr

S Visitor's Pull) £60 trophies was £6,888. Tlic wcight of Government ivory sold Rhino, l& ((under Rcsidont's Full )El 0 in 1936 was 19,052 lb., arid of rhino horn 1,378 lb. IEl1i11o. 1st (\lftd(:r VisiLor's ICLI~I) E10 C-SALE 01; TROUTFRY Rhino, 2nd (undcr 25.000 Rainbow trout ova wcrc obtaincd from England Resident's I'uU)£lO in April, and the hatching was vcry satisfactory. approximately Rhino, 2nd (under Visitor's Full) f 10 45 per cent. Some 10,000 fry were sold to private associations Giraffe (uncler Visi- and put in public waters. The su~nrealized from the sale of tor'~Bull) E16 Ostrich (unclor 1Ccsi- truot fry was £85. ciollt's ~III) cl Ostrich(um1er visitor'^ D-REVENUE AND EXPBNDITUI~E Ydl) . . £1 The following is a summary of the Department's revenue Governor's Permits for Elrphsnt in: and expenditure for the year:- Meru District- £ Bd1 .... Garr~e.Licences ...... 5,933 a cow ..' .. Kwale Distriqt . . Bird Licences ...... 386 Ifilifi DisrdcL . . Trout Licences ...... 968 Sale of Ivory and Confiscated Trophies ... 6,888 Snlc of Trout Fry ...... 85 -- -- Total ... E 14,260 The total expenditure for the year was £7,960. The excess of revenue over expenditure, £6,300. 9 CAM

Hunters' Association, by Honorary Game Wardens, and. in a The following table shows the excess of revenuc over vcry few cases, by experienced tialive hunters. I am happy expenditure for the period 1926-1936 : - to be able to state that in every instance the measures adopted I I were entirely succcssfuI.

E f E C-RIIINO 1026 31,170 8,627 22,543 'T'he intensive c:~mp:rign concluctecl against rhirlo during 1927 3 1,901) 11,207 20,202 1028 04,451 11,017 13,134 1935 almost entirely relieved the areas of the menace. Only I nnn 26,2~I 12,557 13,084 eight of these interesting beasts wcrc destroyed during 1936 11)30 20,5;14 11,532 16,022 under the control schcmc; four being shot in the Laikipia arc1 1931 19,315 10,3h*l 8.061 l932 1.5,981 9,277 6,704 and four in the Nyeri area. l !J33 15,008 0,0:3:1 G,li76 I!t:bl l(i,615 S,!l80 7,636 D-BUPFALO 1935 14.960 S,4G8 5,402 1936 11,260 7,960 6,300 Complaints were received from Nakuru, Embu, Rumu- ruti, Gilgil. Subukin, and Donyo Sabuk. In no case was the 12ti,(i 12 - menacc really scrious; the shooting of a few animals relieved Yensly nverago oxcar ...... 11,510 the situation in every instance. E-ZEBRA AND OTHERPLAINS GAME 1 have rlot included in the above figures revenue obtained Very many complaints were received during the year under "Explosives, Gun and Ammunition Licences." This aballf the depred:rtions hy the cr>mmo~lerkinds of gamc. would amount to some £3,000 in a normal year, most of especially zebra. All these complaints came from European which is, I believe, collected in conncxion with arms and landholders. Roughly 10,000 rounds of amnlunition were ammunition used in game hunting. issued by Governmcnt during the year for the arhclioration 3-CONVICTIONS of the landholder's lot, who suffered from the presence of an undue numbcr of gamc animals. Two vcry important Thc lollowitlg wcre the convictions under the Game, factors can~cto the assistance ol' both the farmer and the Game Bird, :ind Trout Ordinances :- Game Warden: (1) the export trade in zebra hides revived European, l l; Asiatic, 4: native, 485; a tot:ll of 500. considcrably. and (2) n tannery for thc prcparatiori of all kinds of skins and hides was started in Nakuru. The result of these The totals for 1932, 1933, 1934, and 1935 were 492. 504, two factors is that the farmer can now shoot any animal on 751, and 590 respectively. his liolcling, sell the slcins. and tlius rein~burschirnself for the &GAME AND VERMIN CONTROL cost of the killing. IIe is now in the happy position of not A-VERMIN requiring to ask Governnlent for assistance by providing him The co~itrolof vermin such as hyena, jackal, baboon, with free ammunition. pig, and porcupine has been conducted almost entirely by ELEPIIANTIVORY members of the Game Department. As these members have all commented on this important portion of their duties in the Sixty-seven tusks wcre shot on licence and exported, reports tbat appear at the end of this main report. I will not eleven of them being over 100 lb. in weight. The finest pair, make any furtbcr rcrilarks on this scction. 134 lb. and 128 lb., was shot by a resident. The avcrage weight of the tusks shot on licence was 73+ lb. per tusk. B-ELEPI[ANT A tol:\l of 228 cleph:lnts wcrc killcd on all the control Control measures \$arc adopted in the following areas: measures, the routine coritrol measures accounting for 56 ele- Abcrdares, Kisii, Nyeri, Laikipia, Timau, Kwale, and Lamu. phants, giving 112 tusks of a total weight of 2,630 lb., an These measures were conducted by members of the Game aver:rgc per tusk of 23.t lb. L>epartment, by nicmbcrs of the East African Professional GAM 19 GAM armed with poisoned arrows. They are very difficult to cap- REPORTBY MR. C. G. MACARTIWR,ASSISTANT ture as they are extremely mobile. GAMEWARDEN, COASTAL AREAS Su17zbrrrrt.-I visited the Samburu District twice; once in Safaris.-I was on duty throughout the year, and visited April and once in November. Arrangements were made for all districts except Lamu. the c~nploymcntof eight game scouts. to be recruited from I-'o~~chi~~g.Scoutswcre frcqucntly sent out to remote ex-tribal retainers, and it is to be hoped that thcir efforts may areas, away from motor tracks and civilization. The results provc successful. 1 were good. Mr. E. A. Cunningham, lionorary Game Warden, met his In August, Mr. R. W. Foster, an Honorary Game death from injuries received from an clephant whilst on Warden, and 1 obtained eight large tiisks in the Kwalc Dis- elephant control work in the district. He had previously done trict. One or these had unfortunately been cut in half, ready excellent work, was full of pluck and a fine shot. His death for s:~lc. The poachers, Wasanyc, were subsequently arrested is most deeply regretted-a vcry great loss to the district and and convictcd. to . hir. Mbarak Ali Hinawy, Honorary Game Warden, again Mr. Carr Hartlcy, on leaving Meru, carried on the work gave vcry val~iablcassistance to the Departlncnt throughout of vermin cor?trol under the supervision of the District Com- the year. missioner. The District Commissioner reports that the Maralal Rhino Kil1itzg.-I investigated scvcral cases in ihe ICitui elephants behaved themselves, except one who nightly raided and Machakos Districts, and, after two ~onths,many con- t5e station shamba. victions were secured and about 70 rhino horns recovered. The Punitive Police patrol- helped considerably in the This may have some effect on the rhino killers Cur a sllurt Lilue- areas in which they operated. but once the price rises killing will occur inore than ever. Garne Scori/s.-We have increased the Samburu game The critics, rnore often than not with very good intentions, will advise, "Catch the receiver.'' More easily said than done. scouts. I believe that the District Comlnissioner is recruiting Lhese scouts from arrlorigst cx-tribal rctaincrs. This should The receiver is either a Somali, Barawa, Arab or Indian; hc provc satisfactory. as thcy have received training and are cmploys serni-educated native touts; the horns are never disciplined. It is clificult to find scouts for that district. Most I touched, seen or housed by the receiver; payment is made on of the ivory and rhino horn tradc is co~ltrollcdby Somalis I (hc advice OS the native tout rcg3rding condition. weight, ctc., living there; any scout soon becomes known, and he is either who also packs the horns in milk boxes, beer cans, or some bought or rrigliicned by the other side and his usefulness such containers. The shipping is quite easy in a busy port like Mombasa, where exports of 100,000 or more bales, bags ceases in 3 few WCC~S. We are now experimenting with people and other packages are handled in a week. paid only on n reward basis. I realize that my chiel' conccrn is to prevent rhino killing Conc1rrsion.-lil conclusion, I think we may say that in the coastal and bush areas. I can only intensify patrols generally, except for the northern end of S:~mburu, poaching and prosecute the killer. decreased. I am afraid that this was due chiefly to the market for rhino horn and ivory in Italian Somaliland slumping owing Other game poaching. from giraffe down to dikdik, still to thcir activities in other directiotls. I am informed that, 1 continues arnong Wasanye and Wakarnba. During the year. since November, the Italian authorities confiscate rhino horn several hauls of poison, manufactured and so!d by the Giri- and ivory, and imprison the owners. which should have a ama, were confiscated and burnt. Scoilts are continually on salutary efTcct on the situation and help us greatly. the lookout for traflic in arrow poison-in the past known to the Giriarna as rnili ya kodi. So much for the worst sidc of Our thanks, as usual, are due to those District Comrnis- I the picture. siccers and Police Officers who have helped us, and very Game.-Happily, the rainfall throughout my area was greatly to the Officer in Charge, Northern Frontier District very good. Rivers, river-beds and water-holes wcre full of for his valuable support. I water. and evervthinc was rreen for the srcoter part of the 2 1 CAM CAM 20 One case of injury by a rhino came to my notice. The year; man was more contented, reaped good crops and ob- injured man's friends had carried him to the railway line, tained good prices for those crops; the game looked well fed, stopped the train and put him aboard. I motored him to the Inore alert and free from disease. In several areas, increases dispensary and iearnt his story. He and a friend werc passing of ccrtain species wcrc noticeable, especially giraffe. eland. along a path when a rhino with a young calf dashed out of a imp:ll:l and lion. In three separate areas 1 saw herds of eland thicket, tossed liirn on 'its horn, gored him in three places, and 500 to 1,000 strong. Sportsmen obt:iincd scvcral elephants then made off. As this pugnacity was clearly in dcfcncc of the carrying 100 lb. and over of ivory per tusk, and many more caif, and unlike!y to be habitual. I took no steps. between 80 and 100 lb. per tusk. In July I was at Konza endeavouring to deal with lions stated to be living in the Reserve and frequent!~ killing European-owned cattle on the neighbouring farms. A week's REPORTDY CAPT.J. T. OULTON,GAME AND VERMIN search failed to locate the marnutlers. and then I shot wilde- CONTROLOFFICER bcests, clc.. baited with strychnine, and distributed. The During the early part of the year 1 was engaged in depredations then ceased. lessening the number of zcbra in the Samburu area of the Northcrn Frontier District. About a thousand wcre accounted Whilst there I arrested several Wakamba poachers armed with bows and poisoned arrows, whom detected stalking a for. The masses of zebra ate up the sparse grazing, and many I deaths of cattle from extreme emaciation had resulted. This herd of wildebeests in the rcscrve. Suitable punishment thinning-out process was amply justified. followed. I-Iyenas and jackals in considcrablc number were poi- In August I proceeded to thc Kerb Valley; where agri- cultural activity was hindered by large numbers of pigs, soned, as well as four liuns. A liu11-and two lior~essescame into cam:, and awakened my natives by snifilg under their baboons, monkeys, and porcupines. Mtama and wimbi were the only foodstufTs obtainable, and ripe heads of thesc were tents. The lion grabbed a corner of one tent wlth his teeth. soaked in a solution of arsenitc of soda, dried in the sun and tore a big frayed rent in it and struck it with his paw. Teeth and claws made big holes in the strong, thick canvas. The distributed. This proved to be entirely effective, and the soft ground after rain showed their pads within nine inches or Marakwct and Elgeyo natives were loud in their expressions so of the tents. These lions were eventu:illy poisoned. of appreciation. A bull buffalo b;tdly gored a native cow near my camp, Crocodiles in the were a constant menace, but shortly afterwards the above-mentioned lioris killed him. many calves and goats being taken by then. About 40 were shot. Some 70 hyenas were also poisoned. Wandering bands of Turkana werc doing considerable ponchin;:, and I fortuna!ely rounded up onc lot. Inspector Whilst at the north end of the word was Slattcr, of the Samburu Lcvy, rounded up others west of the brought to me that a Kere or Kerct-"Nandi Bear7'-had Matthews Range. Onc gang consisted of tcri men, tcn women killed four cows on the eastern side of the Cherangani Forest. and ten young girls and boys. They were subsisting entirely The descriptions given tallied with the usual story of a bear- on game. like creature, with long hair on the neck and shoulders. a massive head. and about the size of a small lioness. My next move was to lhc Southern Ga~ncReserve, where I next ~novcdto Kendu Bay on Lake Victoria. where I lio~lshad been killing considerable numbers of Masai cattle. shot 36 hippos which had caused heavy damage to native Seven lions were shot. Poison was also used, and eight more crops. were kil!ed by this means. The killings of cattle then ceased. Waterbuck were also complained of, and eight of these Frequent reports rc:iched me of lions eritcring rrlanyaffas were shot. at night, of cattle starnpedcd and killed whilst grazing in the daytime, and of solitary lions waiting near paths to watering- places and killing daily. The Masai, in attempting to deal with these situations, wcrc badly mauled irl scvcral instances. CAM 22 2 3 CAM

Fish.-Here again the abnormally wet year kept the rivers in a slate of persistently recurring spates, which brought a number of small fish down from the headwaters. 'Taken as a E1ephatzt.-Owing to an abnormally wet year, during whole, the condition of trout remained excellent; and on the two rivers under my control (Thego and Sagana) tlie increase which rainfall was distributed to cover practically every 1nont11 from January onwards, elephant in the Nyeri District were in ephemerids and other water-borne flies was very marked. nore ac~ivethan usual in their wnndcrings, will1 tlle result As a r.es~iltthe t1.out havc becollie inuch more intercslcd in that the herds moved down from their normal haunts in the the artificial fly than formerly. forest towards rnore settlcd areas. Consequently. a number A very fine rainbow trout of 8 lb. 14 oz. was caught on of complaints was received of damage to shan~bms. tlie lower Sagana. During the year 1 shot a total of 16 elephants under the The activities of the scouts on thc above-mentioned rivers control scheme, with an aggregate of 1,040 lb. of ivory. Of had a marked effect on native poachers, and several homc- the above, eleven werc killed along the slopcs of the Abcrdares rnade rods, lincs :ind hooks were con6sc:itcd. betwcen Kibagi (above Nyeri Hill) and the Northern Mathioys River in the Fort Ha11 District. The remaining five were .dealt wit11 on the Mount Kcnya siclc, near Ragati and Nyana 10-ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOR ASSISTANCE. Hill. 011 October 28th 1 succkcded in killing a solitary AN D CONCLUSJON bull which had done a great deal of damage to the Forest It is :ilways a diffic~~ltn1:itter to say "Thank you" grace- Plantations at Ragati (S. Kenya). This elephant was located fully. I havc to express very genuine gratitude to so many in very dense cover at the edge of the plantations, and while that it is difficult to decide who should head the list, alpha- 1 was walchirlg for a chance to shoot- him at very close range. betical ordcr bcing thcrcforc indicntcd. The Administrative, he suddenly lay down flat on his right side and slept for Customs and Forest Departments having during 1936 all been twenty-five minutes. snoring heavily at intervals. as hclpful as one Govcrnmenl department could possibly be This scems worth quoting in view of the controversy as to another. Of Honorary Garnc and Trout Wardens I have to whether the Africnn elephant lies down to sleep or not. expressed appreciation elsewhere. Members of the Kenya f'olice have been of unfold assistance throughout the ycar, in In my observation of the local herds, I was struck by fact, I may say that without thc help of the Policc game preser- the number of calves in each casc, a frict which points to a vation woulcl alnlost ceiisc to cxist. To thc nicrnbers of t11c definite increase in numbers. East African Professional Hunters' Association I wish to Rhitro.--It was necessary to shoot only four of these express my heartfelt appreciation for the friendly co-operation animals, as opposed to fourteen during 1935. 01 these four, I havc enjoyed, and which 1 earnestly hope to enjoy during one w:~s damaging a coffee plantation on the Thego River; the coming ycar. one was in tlic Triangle closc to the 111;tin road; whilst two In coocluding this report, 1 feel that I can truthfully statc were tracked from a forest plantation where they had donc a that the year 1936 has been n satisfactory one from a game considerable amount of harm by completely stripping the preservation point of view; also that the prospects for the year bark irorn trees from ground level to a height of. about four 1937 are extremely favourable. feet. Both the Triangle area and the vicinity of the N.E. farms F. H. CLARKE, road remained practically clear of rhino throughout the year, Acting Game Warden. a fact which tends to show that the control mcasurcs carrieci Colotzy arrd Protectorate of Kenya. out during the preceding ycar h3d the desired effect, and that these animals took what, it must be co~ifesscd,was a vcry broad hint of their unpopularity in these areas.