A N N U a L R E P O

INIS-mf—13948

ANNUAL REPORT

1992 - 1 993

ANSTO, Lucas Heights Research Laboratories, '

Ne*• w Illawarra Road, Luca* s —Heights, NSW 2234 *• -x ,4 '*v -,«•«•* «,e » Postal Address * ^ -< -•*"»» „ ANSTO, Private Mail Bag 1, Menai NSW2234 * *" * ^ Telephone (02) 7173111- Facsimile (02)5435097 - ' . Telegrams ANSTOfSydney l 1 Telex>• AA24562 i. Information Hotline 008 810188

Tours of the ANSTO site and laboratories are - available for individuals, groups and schools Bookings and information Telephone (02) 717 3246 Sam -4pm , AUSTRALIAN NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGV ORGANISATION

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Novembers, 1993

Senator the Hon Chris Schacht Minister for Science & Small Business Parliament House CANBERRA ACT 2600

My dear Minister

In accordance with Section 63M(1) of the Audit Act 1901,1 am pleased to present the Annual Report of-the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation for the period 1 July 1992 to 30 June 1993.

Audited Group financial statements for the year ending 30 June 1993, including ANSTO's wholly owned subsidiary companies Enviromet Limited and Pluteus Limited, and ANSTO's controlling interest in Australian Supercomputing Technology, a business operated in partnership with Fujitsu Australia Limited are disclosed in this Report. Also included in accordance with Section 63M(2) of the Audit Act 1901 is a Report by the Auditor-General.

Yours sincerely

R E COLLINS Chairman

Clnsto ! 107! 717 3111 • Telegram Ar.stn Sydney • Facsimile (02) 543 5097 • Telex AA 24562 ANSTO's MISSION

Ansto's Mission is to ensure that its research, Ansto will also maintain and further develop its technology transfer, commercial and training ac- scientific and technological resources and will tivities in nuclear science and associated tech- continue to operate as a national centre foi nologies will advance Australia's innovation, in- science and technology to advance Australia's ternational competitiveness and environmental national and international nuclear policies and and health management. interests.

SIGNIFICANT EVENTS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

Submissions to Research Reactor Review Committee

External revenues increase by 12.5%

Sales of Australian Radioisotopes reach $8.5M

Regulatory approval for production of thallium-201 in National Medical Cyclotron

Completion of first contracts with Wismut GmbH in Germany

Enterprise bargaining agreement drawn up with site unions

Ansto participates in Advanced Ceramics Consortium as founding member

Remaining life study for Pacific Power completed

Database of content of atmospheric particulate matter in air over NSW produced

First diffraction patterns in new medium resolution power diffractometer obtained

Ansto organises 2nd International Symposium on advances in radiopharmaceuticals

World-wide license agreement signed for further commercialisation of blood clot radiopharmaceutical

Final stages of Mt Weld pilot plant tests undertaken

Collaborative agreement signed with SURPAC International for development of geochemical speciation software

Silicon irradiation earns $1.8M

Design of rigs in HIFAR for silicon doping completed

Teacher resource kit on nuclear science published CONTENTS Organisation Chart 2 ANSTO Board of Directors 3 Chairman's Report 4 Executive Director's Report 6 Enabling Legislation 8 Corporate and Portfolio Overview 8 Program Performance Science and Applications - Advanced Materials 10 Applications of Nuclear Physics 15 Biomedicine and Health 19 Environmental Science 23 National Medical Cyclotron 28 Nuclear Technology 29 Engineering 32 External Affairs 35 Public Affairs 39 Human Resources Corporate Ansto 41 Other Resources Business Administration 44 Health and Safety 47 Corporate Activities 52 Training 57 Commercial 63 Associated Organisations 67 Financial Statements 70 Index 89 ANSTO ORGANISATION CHART Prof Richard Collins (Chair) Mr John Innes (Dept Chair) Prof John Morris Mr David Money Mrs Rosemary Howard Mrs Beryl Ashe EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Dr David Cook Dr David Cook

General Manager Scientific Australian Radioisotopes General Manager & Deputy Executive Director Chief Executive Director Corporate Prof Helen Garnett Dr Bengt O Norrman Dr D E Wilson*

External Affairs Advanced Materials Environmental Science Business Administration Director Director Director Director Mr John M Rolland Dr Adam A Jostsons Dr Wally M Zuk Mr Richard Baker

Applications of Computing Centre Media Relations Biomedicine & Health Nuclear Physics Manager Director Director Director Dr Glynn W Peady Mr Chris J Tweedie Dr Richard M Lambrecht Dr John W Boldeman

Nuclear Technology National Medical Cyclotron Personnel & Services Director Manager Director Mr George J Malosh Mr Chris R Jamieson Mr Rodney A Watson

Nuclear Safety Unit Engineering Security Manager Director Manager Mr Eric Corran Mr Chris J Yates Mr Chris E McEvoy

Marketing & Publications Commercial Health & Safety Director Manager Director Mr Peter Nixon Mr Ken W Horlock Mr John A Grey

Training f r t) Director 7 Mr Mark Delany Ansto Executive

Dr David Cook, Executive Director Professor Helen Garnett, Deputy Executive Director and General Manager, Scientific Mr Douglas Wilson, General Manager Corporate. ANSTO BOARD OF DIRECTORS

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A. Professor Richard Collins, Professor of Applied E. Professor John Morris, Head, Department of Physics, University of Sydney (Chairman), Nuclear Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, re-appointed on 27 April 1990 for four years. and Clinical Professor of Nuclear Medicine, Univer- sity of Sydney. Re-apppointed on 27 April 1990 for B. Mr John Innes, Group Executive of CRA Lim- four years. ited, responsible for Technological Resources (Deputy Chairman), appointed on 10 February F. Dr David Cook, Executive Director, Member of 1992 until 26 April 1996. the Board by virtue of Section 9 (1) of the Ansto Act.

C. Mr Henri Meyer, previously Federal President G. Mrs Rosemary Howard, National Sales Man- of the Association of Drafting, Supervisory and ager, Telecom, appointed 23 November 1992 until Technical Employees, nominated by the Austral- 26 April 1996. ian Council of Trade Unions; retired on 31 December 1992. H. Mrs Beryl Ashe, Executive Officer, Labor Coun- cil of NSW, appointed 1 January 1993 until 26 April D. Mr David Money, Chief Executive Officer, 1996. Cochlear Pty Limited, Nucleus Group, appointed Secretary to the Board, Mr Neil Thorburn on 27 April 1990 for four years. The Ansto Board met six times during the year. During the period, the Ansto Board met with Ansto's internal auditors, Price Waterhouse and with the Austral- ian National Audit Office to review audit activities and to discuss Ansto's performance in this respect. CHAIRMAN'S REPORT

In reflecting on Ansto's development over the short time since its formation in 1987,1 can feel nothing but pride and satisfaction.

When Ansto was formed, the Organisation faced great difficulties. It was widely recognised that change was needed. Since that time, Ansto has been transformed from an inwardly looking Organisation without a clear perception of its role, to one which is outwardly oriented, interactive, efficient and effective, and which has clearly identified its mission, and is fulfilling that mission.

The changes that were necessary were both difficult and painful to achieve. The Organi- sation approached these challenges with determination and a will to succeed at all levels - at the Board, within management, and amongst the staff. In my view, we have been very successful. There has been substantial intellectual rejuvenation within the Organisation with the acquisition of new staff, particularly including a large number of younger people. We have rationalised a large number of activities, ceasing to perform functions that were no longer essential to our core operation. There has been major restructuring in order that we may effectively move to meet our challenges. After a period of many years' stagnation, significant acquisition of new equipment and buildings has occurred which has strengthened the fabric of the Organisation. Most importantly, Ansto has adopted an outwardly directed In terms of the Research Reactor Review, I am philosophy in which it seeks to work in areas pleased to note that the report was generally which have potential benefit for Australia. complimentary to Ansto. For instance, the report stated that "Ansto is properly advancing We have been assisted in these endeavours what it sees as areas of competitive advantage by strong support from the Government. The in strategic and applied neutron-related principal Government initiatives which have research which will be taken up by industry. It played an important role in the implementa- is consciously building and diversifying its tion of the above changes, relate to the ability capacity for scientific exploration of industrial to retain revenue which is earned externally, applications of reactor-based techniques to and to have forward funding arrangements solve industry problems. It has been very agreed on a triennial basis. energetic." I also welcome the ringing endorse- ment by the Review of the fine safety record of The development of the Organisation has HIFAR and of the community awareness of the been very much in line with the vision that positive benefits to Australia of having a existed in 1987, and we have achieved what research reactor. we set out to do. In common with Australian private and public sector organisations Recent months have seen moves initiated to generally, Ansto is operating in a rapidly merge Ansto into CSIRO. I, and my Board, are changing environment. In this context, the opposed to this plan for several reasons. Organisation has placed emphasis on Firstly, it has not been developed on the basis enhancing its efficiency and the cost- of a thorough assessment of the advantages effectiveness of its activities against specific and disadvantages of the change. Secondly, goals. Ansto is now a science and technol- there appear to be many negative aspects to ogy organisation of which Australia can be the merger, and limited benefits. Thirdly, a justly proud. major factor in Ansto's success has been its size and integrated, multidisciplinary nature - During last year, an inquiry took place to an Organisation of about a thousand people evaluate Australia's needs for a new research has shown that it can effectively achieve the reactor. Ansto argued strongly for a replace- functions for which it was established, including ment for HIFAR to be approved forthwith. the maintenance of a broad and flexible nuclear The Research Reactor Review, however, did based research and development program to not fully accept our view and recommended enable the benefits of nuclear science and instead that it would be appropriate to make a technology to be made available to Australian positive decision on a new reactor after a industry and the community, to operate national period of about five years provided a series of facilities and to retain necessary national five conditions were met. Although the nuclear expertise. This ability would be lost in a Government has yet to consider the recom- much larger Organisation. mendations of the Research Reactor Review, some of these conditions are likely to impose I shall continue to work for a resolution of these considerable challenges to Ansto and current issues such that a vital and energetic Australia. Whilst I personally disagree with nuclear science and technology body organisa- this delay, the Organisation will work towards tion is maintained to serve the best interests of the further development of our nuclear Australia and the Australian community. science and technology capability within the constraints of this recommendation. Professor Richard Collins, Chairman EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S REPORT

Ansto has moved vigorously ahead in the year under review. This has occurred in the focus of unprecedented public, governmental and media attention on the Organisation occasioned by the Research Reactor Review.

The Research Reactor Review was established by the Government in the Budget to advise it on issues associated with the need for a new research reactor in Australia. It resulted in arguably the most thorough review conducted to date of any proposed new science project in Australia.

Ansto's submission to the Review (ably led by my deputy Professor Helen Garnett), was a major task which required input from many parts of Ansto. The submission itself was a voluminous document required to cover the many topics the review requested information on and placed clearly on the record an impres- sive catalogue of benefits to Australian industry and the Australian community generally, offered by nuclear science and technology, particularly reactor-based technology.

The submission includes an independent economic analysis by Coopers & Lybrand Consultants which concluded that "a new research reactor project may be expected to provide a wide range of economic benefits to Australia, to offset the costs of investment in a national scientific research facility of this nature" and "there is a strong case, in economic terms, fnr thp rnnstrnrtinn nf the nrnnnspd new research reactor at Lucas Heights by Ansto." program on Continuous Improvement. Ansto is committed to the need for the continuing A further positive aspect was the wide support quality improvement necessary to meet for a new reactor provided in submissions to national and international challenges and the the Review by a range of industry, governmen- changes arising from enterprise bargaining. tal and professional associations. Ansto continues to be most conscious of its Despite the recessionary trend in the Austral- need to ensure the safety of its activities is ian economy, Ansto's external revenues have subject to public scrutiny. To this end the continued to increase, the 1992/93 revenues external Safety Review Committee has again being 12.5% nelt greater than for the previous commented favourably on Ansto's health and year. It is particularly pleasing to record the safety record. Public information is also a growth in the sales volume for Australian priority. Open days, site tours for school Radio:sotopes and the increase in export groups and exhibits, such as that prepared for sales. A milestone was reached with regula- the Royal Easter Show in Sydney, continue to tory approval for thallium-201 produced at the be important in identifying to the public the National Medical Cyclotron. By the end of the range and importance of the science and 1993 calendar year, essentially all of Austral- technology activities undertaken at Lucas ia's needs for thallium will be produced at the Heights. cyclotron. In summary, almost without exception, Ansto's Irradiated silicon income held in 1992/93 scientific goals and revenue targets over the despite a weak market. The Environmental year have been met. In terms of the Organi- Science Program completed its first contracts sation's Corporate Objectives, Ansto has with Wismut GmbH in the former East continued to "contribute to Australia's Germany on uranium mine rehabilitation. industrial innovation, and environmental and These projects resulted from negotiations health management". Ansto has established which began in January 1991 and have the an enviable record of achievement of which potential to generate significant revenue and Australia can be proud. scientific challenge for many years to come. Dr David Cook, Executive Director From the viewpoint of industrial relations, 1992/93 was significant in that an enterprise bargaining agreement was concluded with site unions. Through workplace reform committees, discussions are ongoing to determine more efficient and effective means of undertaking Ansto's business. This process involves staff at all levels and has been successful in identifying improvements in procedures and operations across the Organisation,

In February 1992, Ansto's quality policy statement was enunciated. The objectives of the Ansto quality system are displayed on notice boards and prominent locations around the site. Australian Radioisotopes also held training courses in TQM and has instituted a ENABLING LEGISLATION

The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (Ansto) is a body corporate established by the Ansto Act 1987 as amended by the Ansto Amendment Act 1992. The functions and powers of Ansto are set out in Part 2, Sections 5 and 6 of the Ansto Act 1987 and Section 4 of the Ansto Amendment Act 1992

At 30 June 1993 An^o reported to the Minister for Science and Small Business.

CORPORATE AND PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW

During 1992/93, the number of research scientists at Ansto remained constant at just over a hundred. Retiring employees were replaced by young enthusiastic recruits. The number of professional staff remained at approximately one hundred and eighty and the numbers of technical, administrative and crafts staff decreased. The facilities for research and development were improved and there was a significant increase in the productivity over the period.

The total number of scientific publications, including journal articles and conference presen- SCIENTIFIC tations increased by twenty three percent during PUBLICATIONS 1992/93, rising to a total output of almost four hundred publications, this being a record for Researchers at Ansto during the year under AAEC/Ansto. The output for the four major review in the four major research areas research Programs is detailed in the table be- published the following numbers of papers: low.

Environmental Applications of Advanced Biomedicine Total Science Nuc. Physics Materials and Health Prepared Journal Papers 44 51 19 19 133

Conference Papers (Internal) 27 34 10 18 89 Conference Papers (National) 24 27 15 21 87

Other papers and Book Chapters 15 38 • 66 An in depth analysis of citations for Ansto publi- visiting scientists from local and overseas institu- cations was performed for the Research Reactor tions spending a month or longer at Ansto on key Review. Citation analysis is based on past per- research activities has risen to twenty. The formance and the disciplines by which citation number of scientists from Australian institutions data are grouped do not readily allow analysis utilising the facilities at Ansto for their own re- under the headings cf the key activities at Ansto. search projects, through the Australian Institute Nevertheless, the citation analysis clearly showed of Nuclear Science and Engineering, has risen that the quality of Ansto publications is rising, that by over twenty percent in 1993, there now being more Ansto papers are cited than is the interna- over one hundred and fifty approved projects, tional norm, that citation averages of publications many of which involve two or more university in the disciplines of Physics and Materials - the researchers. Over fifty graduate students under- two historical areas of research strength at AAEC/ taking Honours, Masters and PhD degrees at Ansto - rank above the international average and Australian universities are currently using Ansto facilities many being co-supervised by Ansto scientists. Interaction with Private Sector The revenue from competitive grants has risen to $2.9m, this being an increase of over $1 m in the Environmental Science 62 last financial year. The income from commercial Advanced Materials 38 research and development contracts and serv- Health and Safety 36 ices (excluding ARI and training) for 1992-93 was Applications of Nuclear Physics 28 $8.44m, this being fifty five percent higher in Training 26 dollar value than for the previous financial year. Engineering 9 Of this income, in excess of twenty five percent Biomedicine and Health 4 Other 24 was from the export of Ansto consultancies and services. The number of companies with whom Ansto is involved in client driven research and Total 227 development has risen to two hundred and twenty seven (see table at left), many of whom are that the output per research scientist at Ansto is return customers. These clients come from both on a par with other well regarded research insti- the large and small business sector. tutions. When it is considered that the work undertaken The definition and evaluation of the Organisa- by Ansto for industry underpins long-term projects tion's activities and performance undertaken for which have ongoing financial returns, the impact the Research Reactor Review has provided an of these contracts and services is significant. excellent platform from which to enable a clear Economic analysis undertaken for the Research definition of the strengths, weaknesses, opportu- Reactor Review suggested that a multiplier of nities and threats to the Organisation. Processes five to twenty could be applied to the dollar value to1 review the essential core skills for a nuclear of Ansto work undertaken for the private sector science and technology organisation and refine- as an indicative value of Ansto's contribution to ment of the key research activities have been industry and to innovation in Australia. considered and the McKinsey scheme (as adopted by CSIRO) was introduced for project Professor Helen Garnett. evaluation, this being undertaken by the Pro- General Manager, Scientific gram Advisory Committees, comprised of members external to Ansto.

The interaction between the Programs at Ansto and between Ansto and other research organisations, universities and industry has been enhanced over the past year. The number of SCIENCE & APPLICAT1O N S ADVANCED MATERIALS

Cement has been identified as providing a cost effective route to the immobilisation of wastes.

1 ° The A dvanced Materials Program is being developed and applied in or- a major centre of materials expertise der to ensure the continued safe in Australia with a multidisciplinary operation of Ansto's nuclear plant. team of motivated ceramists, met- These nuclear science and technol- allurgists, physicists, chemists, en- ogy skills and infra-structure are gineers and earth scientists. The being actively exploited in partner- Program plays a significant role in ship with local industry, the Com- maintaining Australia's international monwealth Scientifc and Industrial profile in the field of nuclear science Research Organisation (CSIRO) and and technology through the devel- universities, to contribute to opment of Synroc for high-level nu- Australias industrial innovation and clear waste immobilisation. Materi- environmental and health manage- als assessment technologies are ment.

Objectives * To progress the commercialisation of the * To contribute to Australia's industrial Synroc process. innovation and environmental management. * To maintain a core of materials expertise and facilities with which to advance Australia's interests in nuclear science and technology. Outcomes Waste Conditioning During 1992/93 the Program Cement Waste Forms * Continued development of Synroc technology through interaction with partners in Ja- work continued on the development of suit- pan, China, U.K., France, Switzerland and in aD|e cements for encapsulation of low-level Australia, waste produced at Ansto and on the development of economic processes for toxic * Completed first stage assessments of the waste immobilisation. The Program is en- remaining life of the key structural compo- gagecj jn D0th strategic and Applied re- nents of the HIFAR core. search, on the chemical reactions and processes which occur between the constituents * Participated in programs sponsored by Of cement and toxic materials. Modelling the Department of Industry, Technology and studies to describe the behaviour of cement Regional Development (DITARD) under waste forms were undertaken using the VP the Grants for Industry, Research and 2200 Supercomputer. w Development scheme (GIRD), and in over- 0 seas scientific collaborations managed by s y n r o c : Z the International Science and Technology _ . it_ .. . . ,1% 1 , ,_ < Collaboration Program (ISTAQ.These Dunng the year discussions were .mt.ated Z programs included research onceramic ™th the Rad,oact,ve Wase Management <^ waste forms, high energy density ca- Centre 0| Japan for Ansto to ,o,n w.th hem ;e pacitors and modular ceramic knee pros- and'h,eir consul ants ln a s!"*to e"aluale } ® !L ,, the future use of Synroc in Japan. Discus- Q Q, sions were also held with USA organisations i cv m * Participated in two Cooperative Research responsible for the remediation of military j o. a. Centres (CRC), one on waste and pollution wastes. ! control, the other on materials welding and 1T" joining. Ansto and the Australian National University continued their participation in the work of * Developed sol-gel coatings on a variety the Synroc Study Group led by four major of materials. Australian companies (BMP, CRA, ERA and Western Mining Corporation). Ansto also * Developed micro filters for the sugar participated in disCLJSSions on Synroc com- processmg industry. realisation with Austrade. * Initiated work with local industry on the thermal shock resistance of refractories. staff exchanges have taken place between Ansto and the China Institute of Atomic En- * Completed a three-year study of remain- ergy, Beijing, under a co-operative agree- ing life techniques for Pacific Power. ment between Ansto and the China National Nuclear Corporation. Ansto also hosted a * Achieved "approved supplier" status from visit by Russian scientist, Prof. V. Zyryanov, Hawker de Havilland for mechanical testing with the support of a DITARD/ISTAC of various materials. program, to work on ceramic waste forms including Synroc. The cooperative international R&D programs on Synroc were extended to include joint studies with laboratories in France on the small angle X-ray scattering from Synroc precursor sols. Ansto completed a study for AEA Technol- Advanced Ceramics ogy, U.K. to develop a Synroc formulation to immobilise the liquid wastes that originate at Combining the expertise and facilities built Dounreay. A final report concluded that a up for the Synroc project at Ansto with those stable waste form could be developed and of local industry, CSIRO, DSTO and some thatthe process steps could be incorporated universities, work continued on advanced into existing facilities. ceramics.

Significant prog-ess has been achieved in Sol-gel -techniques, developed to provide the accelerated damage testing of Synroc improved feed stocks for the Synroc project, conducted at JAERi, Japan, under a joint were applied during the year in the develop- cooperativeR&D program. This work showed ment of sol-gel coatings on a variety of that the dislocations caused by alpha decay materials. In addition high temperature pro- from the long-lived actinide elements in high- totype micro filters for the sugar processing level nuclear waste are annealed at 200°C industry were developed under an Energy which is the likely environment in the deep- Research and Development Corporation bore hole repository and confirm the long funded project with CSR Ltd and the Univer- term stability of Synroc deduced from the sity of New South Wales, observations of natural minerals. From cooperative studies with Dr. Giere, University A prototype high energy density capacitor of Basle, Switzerland, Ansto has gained ac- based on multi-layer titanate ceramics, was cess to zirconolite minerals containing very developedjointly with CSIROforTelectronics high levels of the natural radioelements, Ltd under a GIRD grant. Discussions on uranium and thorium. Studies still in progress licensing of elements of the technology are indicate the unusual stability of this mineral, on-going. 12 a key component of Synroc, in the granite environment of the Swiss Alps. Computer-aided design methods were utilised to develop a modular ceramic knee Research on the development of advanced prosthesis in partnership with Prof. R.L Synrocs for products resulting from parti- Huckstep of the Department of Orthopaedic tioning of high-level nuclear wastes contin- Surgery, University of NSW, and a consor- ued during the year. Encouraging results tium of researchers from universities and were achieved on the production of the industry. The project was supported by a spherical precursor feed essential for sim- GIRD grant. The design of the prosthesis is plifying the Synroc process. Good progress undergoing formal registration, was also made on studies of the long-term behaviour of Synroc containing transuranic The High Temperature Materials Laboratory elements under repository conditions. was used to develop prototype ceramic and refractory products with improved thermal Program staff participated in the IAEA Coor- shock resistance. This work is being funded dinated Research Program on "Performance by local industry, of High-Level Waste Forms and Packages under Repository Conditions" and in an in- Ansto assisted in the establishment of an formation exchange program on actinide and Advanced Ceramics Consortium in the Syd- fission product partitioning and transmuta- ney area to enhance ceramics research, tion sponsored by the Nuclear Energy Agency development, commercialisation and edu- of the OECD. cation. The members of the group are GEC Marconi Systems Pty Ltd.. Taylor Ceramic completion of the tests the results will be Engineering. Sydney University, University used to assess radiation damagetoextend of New South Wales, University of Technol- the first stage assessments of the safe life of ogy, Sydney and Ansto. those components of the HIFAR core that cannot be removed. Ansto's Advanced Ceramics group participated in research programs with laborato- The methodology for assessing remaining ries in China under the Joint Science and life has application in the power, petrochemi- Technology Cooperation Agreement be- cat and mineral processing industries, where tween Australia and China. During the year, it can be used to optimise maintenance staff exchanges took place between Aus- programs, tralian and Chinese institutions and specific research projects commenced involving A major three-year study of remaining life China Building Materials Academy, Beijing, techniques for Pacific Power, NSW, was the Shandong Institute of Industrial Ceram- completed. Afurtherthree year collaborative ics and Tianjin University. R&D contract for $800,000 has been signed with the same organisation to investigate the Discussions have been held with scientists life of steam generator headers. The Elec- of the Materials Research Laboratories of tricity Supply Association of Australia the Industrial Technology Research Institute awarded a contract on life assessment of at Hsinchu, Taiwan, on research in the areas turbine generators, of ceramic sensors, bioceramics and plant remaining life assessments. The Program Through membership of the CRC on Mate- also participated in the BRITE / EURAM rials Welding and Joining and its association Project supported by ISTAC, part of which with the Welding Technology Institute of was an international workshop on "Inter- Australia for Materials Welding and Joining, faces of Ceramic Materials: Impact on Prop- Ansto is in a strong position to apply its 13 erties and Applications", held at Ansto in remaining life expertise to the study of the February, 1993. The workshop was at- safety and performance of welded materials, tended by university and industry researchers from Australia and many overseas coun- Ansto also undertook to perform sophisti- tries. cated mechanical testing to qualify the materials and components proposed by Hawker Materials Assessment deHavilland in the development of the fuse- lage for the new McDonnell Douglas Ex- The systematic program to assess the re- plorerhelicopter.lnordertodothis.asophis- maining life of the HIFAR reactor continued, ticated Total Quality Program was devel- These assessments are based on micro- oped giving Ansto the 'approved supplier structural evaluation, mechanical tests in- status' from Hawker de Havilland and certi- cluding creep, fatigue and fracture mechan- fication by the U.S. Federal Aviation Author- ics, finite element stress analysis and the ity. non-destructive examination of components. Program staff visited the Indonesian nuclear During the year equipment was installed in research institute, BATAN, under the aus- the hot-cells to test specimens of aluminium pices of IAEA to transfer fracture mechanics components removed from the reactor core knowledge and expertise, and test specimens were prepared. After Surface Modification Genera I Technologies Program staff have continued to sit on the Further development of the process of Advisory Committees of the Universities of Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PI3), New South Wales, Wollongong and Tech- invented by Ansto, was disrupted by fire nology, Sydney. The Program is also repre- which destroyed the Plasma Laboratory in sented on the international editorial advisory November 1992. An external review of the boards of Ceramics International, Industrial PI3 project, commissioned as a result of the Ceramics, Journal of Nuclear Materials and loss of the facility, reported that Ansto was at Journal of Testing and Evaluation. Staff the forefront of research in this area and that participate in the work of the IAEA as mem- it was a field of major industrial potential. In bers of senior advisory committees and view of these findings, a decision was taken through Coordinated Research Programs. to rebuild the PI3 facility. Laboratory ac- The Program is also involved in the activities commodation was refurbished for this of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. purpose, and construction of the new PI3 system is planned for completion in August 1993.

A better understanding of the metallurgical processes occurring during treatment of steels is the result of collaboration between Ansto and the University of Wollongong. Investigation of an extensive range of speci- FIRE IN PLASMA LABORATORY mens, treated before the November fire, has allowed progress in this field to continue, A fire occured on 13 November 1992 due to 14 resulting in a number of publications. an electrical fault in the Plasma Laboratory in a wing of a building occupied by the Ad- DrGuyTerwagneof LARN, Namur, Belgium vanced Materials Program. No radioactive spent a sabbatical year at Ansto in 1992/93, material was involved or likely to have been working in conjunction with the Advanced involved in the fire and the health of Ansto Materials and Applications of Nuclear Phys- staff and nearby residents was at no stage ics Programs. This collaboration has enabled put at risk. The fire was attended by the NSW further refinement of Nuclear Reaction Fire Brigade. The fire resulted in total de- Analysis for the determination of carbon as struction of the equipment housed in the well as nitrogen profiles. These results, Plasma Laboratory, at a value of $420,000. combined with Conversion Electron Clean up operations and rebuilding of the Mossbauer Spectroscopy data obtained at Plasma Laboratory added afurther $230,000 LARN, help to clarify the role played by to the cost. Additional damage, beyond the nitrides in improving hardness and wear immediate area of the fire, occurred as a resistance. result of widespread corrosive attack due to a combination of smoke and water damage. Ansto's assistance to the Wool R&D Corpo- The cost of cleaning this wider area and ration, aimed at improving the performance restoration or replacement of the specialised and life of shearing combs, has been re- equipment housed therein was another scheduled to occur in the 1993/94 financial $620,000 giving a total cost of $1.27M The year; this work will be performed in collabo- Department of Finance agreed to supple- ratinn with thp I Inivprsitv nf AHplairtp mpntatinn tn Anstn nf .151 1AQM SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS

UJ 0 z 5 2« < The installation of an Australian National Beamline at the Photon Factory at Tsukuba, Japan, has 02 enabled Australian scientists to Orv have access to world class synchrotron radiation facilities. CL Q.

15 This program interacts closely with Uni- actor and accelerators. Atthe same time, versities and other laboratories in the the program applies its skills to research promotion of strategic research utilising on industrial and environmental issues. nuclear based facilities such as the re- 'The establishment of an accelerator mass Objectives spectrometry service for national and international use. * The development and promotion of research programs on national nuclear * Applied research on industrial and science facilities, such as charged particle environmental applications of charged par- accelerators and neutron beams, thereby ticle beams and ionising radiation, applica- encouraging strategic research in nuclear tion of neutron scattering to materials science and technology in tertiary institu- research, drugs and complex chemicals, tions and industrial R&D laboratories. and the development of nuclear-based instrumentation and electronics for process * Participation in and management of Aus- control. tralian use of international facilities for high energy physics, neutron scattering and * Maintenance of expertise in fundamental synchrotron radiation to assist the universi- nuclear and atomic processes including ties in graduate training and to ensure that neutron physics, ion interactions, radia- Australia benefits from developments in tion standards, dosimetry and laser enrich- frontier technologies. ment Outcomes in Queensland. Interest is also being shown in South Australia and Western Australia. During 1992/93. *The level of interaction of the Program with Ion Beam Analysis Australian industry and other external client on the Tandem bodies increased by 200% compared with Accelerator that of the previous year; An international collaboration was estab- * The performance of the Australian lished with Royal Melbourne Institute of National Tandem Accelerator for Applied Technology, the Lund University and the Research (ANTARES) for Accelerator Mass Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Spectrometry (AMS) applications has been Sweden. The program involved setting up a improved dramatically and the demand for time-of-flight particle detector and time on the accelerator is increasing rapidly. multiparameter data acquisition system to measure high technology complex nano- * In 1992-93, there was a major emphasis structures manufactured for the semicon- on the interaction with Australian universi- ductor industry. The technique involves ties via AINSE with the number of collabo- accelerating a beam of iodine ions to very rative programs increasing to more than high energy (100 million electron volts), and 100. The availability of ANTARES for AMS directing this ion beam onto the sample. has been the reason for the increase. Ion Implantation * International interaction continues at a high level as a consequence of the new Ion implantation is an established method programs in AMS and airborne pollution for improving the wear and corrosion resist- and the use of neutron scattering and syn- ant properties of metal surfaces. Recent chrotron radiation facilities located in other studies have focussed on the implantation countries. of metal ions into engineering materials including aluminium alloys and selected tool 16 * In 1992-93, Program staff had 56 articles steels. In one example, chromium implanta- accepted in international journals and 39 tion into Type 2011 aluminium alloy was articles accepted in Australian publications. shown to decrease its rate of oxidation at high temperatures. Work on tool steels has also produced positive results such as in- Aerosol Sampling creased surface hardness. The Aerosol Sampling Project, a collabora- Accelerator tive program with the NSW Environmental Mass Spectrometry Protection Authority, Pacific Power, Univer- sity of New South Wales and Macquarie The precision, accuracy and reproducibility University, produced a wealth of information over different time periods of carbon-14 about the elemental concentrations of measurements on ANTARES have been particulate matter in the air over New South assessed and from these, calibration and Wales. The complete network of 25 stations accelerator beam tuning procedures have has been in place for some eighteen months been established to minimise uncertainties and has produced data on regional levels in the final results. An ultimate sensitivity and also shows seasonal trends. This was corresponding to acarbon-14/carbon 12 ratio particularly important in discriminating the of 10"15 has been demonstrated. A national levels of fine particulate in the air in areas research program in Quaternary science and such as Wollongong and Newcastle. The climate coordinated through the Australian value of the data generated in NSW is now Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineer- being appreciated in the other states and a ing (AINSE) has been funded by this body preliminary study has already commenced and the Australian Research Council. This program involves the AMS analysis of about as a function of temperature, of the uptake 400 samples from 30 projects including: of deuterium into palladium in an electrolytic high resolution study of atmospheric car- cell, and most recently of the changes bon-14variationsfrom analyses of individual occuring in magnesia - partially stabilised tree rings of Tasmania Huon pine; analyses zirconia (Mg PSZ) during aging at 1100°. A in corals to calibrate the carbon-14 time- major effort has been devoted to the devel- scale up to 40,000 years; dating of pre- opment of the Australian Small Angle Neu- historic aboriginal rock pictures and burials; Iron Scattering Instrument (AUSANS) .The dating of human-fauna associations in Aus- component of AUSANS within the Reactor tralia;andpaleoclimaticandpaleohydrologic Containment Building (RGB) has been in- cycles in lacustrine sequences from South stalled, aligned and accepted. The RGB Australia. penetration has also been installed, and the penetration was opened (during reactorshut- In conjunction with the Australian Institute of down) to allow optical alignment of the Biomedical Research, the ANTARES AMS equipment in the external building to the Centre is now involved in a long-term study neutron beam path, to measure the accumulation in the body of aluminium ingested via drinking water. A Other highlights of the neutron scattering comparative study between young and research include the joint use of MRPD and specially bred very aged rats given alu- the long wavelength polarising instrument minium-26 labelled water is in progress. in studies of magnetic ordering. Structural studies on pyrochlores have been initiated A radiocarbon age of 1928 ±73 yr BP in collaboration with Sydney University's (before present time) was obtained from Department of Chemistry. The crystal analysis of a very large egg found in sand structure of a new defect lithium/sodium fast dunes of Western Australia. This suggests ion conductor has been determined ab initio that the egg is from the Aepyornis or El- from high resolution powder diffraction data, ephant Bird. This species of flightless bird Measurement of electrical conductivity will has been extinct Jor several hundred years indicate whether this material may be useful 17 and was a native of Madagascar. for battery electrodes. Neutron and X-ray diffraction and semi-empirical molecular Scientific Highlights orbital calculations on the VP2200 of Neutron Scattering supercomputer have been combined to provide detailed structural information on The capabilities of the wide variety of neu- molecular structures, tron scattering facilities based on the neutron beams from HIFAR, have continued to Visiting Scientists be exploited by Program staff, working in Attached to the collaboration with more than thirty groups Neutron Scattering from Australian universities through AINSE. Group The new medium resolution powder diffractometer, (MRPD), designed to give The past year has seen three staff attached clear resolution neutron diffraction patterns from the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL). Doc- more rapidly than the high resolution pow- tors Herma Blank and Don Kearly were der diffractometer, recorded its first diffrac- attached for three months during the second tion patterns in October 1992. The instru- half of 1992, during which time they worked ment is being developed towards its design on the crystallography of hexamines. Dr performance, and is already producing ex- Garry Mclntyre is currently attached and is cellent results. Satisfactory diffraction pat- assessing possible development for the sin- terns are being recorded in 30 minutes or gle crystal diffractometers. The three visi- less and the instrument has been used for tors were also of considerable assistance studies of the magnetic structure of MnPSa during preparation of the Ansto submission to the Research Reactor Review. Professor Tomography (PET) applications. Technical David Elliot from Arkansas Technology Uni- assistance was also given to the operation versity, who is collaborating with research- of this facility. The program continued to ers at the Philips Laboratory at Edwards Air provide a national calibration service to nu- Force Base in the development and charac- clear medicine departments of Australian terisation of thermotropic liquid crystal poly- hospitals for a range of radioisotopes. mers, is making use of the high resolution powder diffractometer for preliminary char- International acterisation of some commercial polymers. Interaction

Neutron Radiography In April 1990, the ASTEC report "Small Country - Big Science", drew attention to the MOATA, the Program's small research re- need for Australian scientists to have ac- actor, is used for the production of neutron cess to both world class synchrotron radia- radiographs. In collaboration with the Ad- tion and neutron beam facilities and to par- vanced Materials Program, over 35,000 air- ticipate in high energy physics. Since that craft engine turbine blade castings were time, initiatives have included the installa- radiographed during the year using a proce- tion of an Australian National Beamline at dure approved by Rolls Royce. the Photon Factory at Tsukuba in Japan. The beamline was installed and commis- Radiation Technology sioned in 1993, and a number of experiments have already been conducted. Other The Radiation Technology Project staff were aspects of the beamline will be installed in engaged in a number of activities concerned lale 1993 and an Ansto staff member is now with assisting compliance with the Thera- permanently located at this facility. peutic Goods Act and GMP relating to radiation sterilisation developing dosimetry and There have been continuing financial contri- with researching new methods forthe detec- butions to the UK Science and Engineering 18 tion of irradiated foodstuffs. Detection meth- Research Council's Rutherford-Appleton ods will be required to monitor compliance Laboratory to assist construction of an im- with any regulations which may be promul- proved reflectometer on the ISIS accelera- gated following the ending of the Govern- tor. Involvementwith the Rutherford Appleton ment's moratorium on food irradiation. Ansto Laboratory has allowed continued access to has made internationally recognised re- ISIS for Australian scientists. In the current search contributions to two methods for de- year 7 applications by Australian scientists tecting irradiated spices. A method for test- have been accepted, giving a total of 19 ing lipid volatiles from irradiated meats will days access to the world's premier pulsed be tested shortly. The success of this work neutron source. Australia has also gained was assisted by the close involvement with access to Europe's largest international high the IAEA and European Community coordi- energy physics facility, CERN, in Geneva. nated programs. Ansto, in association with Melbourne and Sydney universities, participates in a number Other Activities of fundamental physics research projects including the NOMAD experiment (to study A small research program on the enrich- neutrino oscillations) and in the ASCOT/ ment of uranium using laser isotope separa- EAGLE consortium of eighty international tion technology has continued. Standards institutions, which is proposing to build a for nuclear radiation measurement were detector on the Large Hadron Collider ac- maintained, with special attention being ap- celerator. plied to the measurement of radioactivity of the radioisotopes produced by the National Medical Cyclotron for Positron Emission SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTH

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Peter Schmidt prepares a plate 00 for radioimmunoassay to deter- u_ mine the immunoreactivity of a £V LU radio-labelled monoclonal antibody. 0. CL

The Bipmedicine and Health Program is medicine in support of the national inter- 19 committed to research and technology est and needs of the community, as well transfer in priority areas of radiopharma- as to develop products, methods and ceutical sciences. The primary activities services suitable for commercial appli- of the program are to provide expertise cation — and research in nuclear and molecular

Objectives based on the incorporation of short-lived cyclotron-produced radionuclides into or- *To improve health care delivery in ganic molecules suitable for PET or SPECT Australia through the development of new imaging. diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals based on cyclotron and * To develop high-speed computations of reactor-produced radionuclides. radiation dosimetry and processing with applications in diagnostic and therapeutic nu- * To develop monoclonal antibody-based clear medicine. radioimmunospecific Pharmaceuticals for improved diagnosis and radiotherapy. * To promote research in measurement, analysis and modelling to support these ac- * To develop new radiopharmaceuticals tivities. Outcomes

During 1992/93, the Program * Acquired a 10% share in the recently dents and eight work-study students during commissioned electrospray mass the fiscal year. spectrometer in the Chemistry Department of Wollongong University. The instrument Other Significant will assist in molecular structure Achievements determinations of potential radiopharmaceuticals and drugs. Two senior scientists in the Biomedicine and Health Program hold professorships at the * Progressed interdisciplinary collabora- University of Sydney and the University of tions with the Universities of Sydney, Wollongong and the Biomedicine and Health Wollongong, Adelaide and Western Sydney. Program is recognised as a research unit of the University of Sydney. Visiting scientists * Participated in many research and clinical on sabbatical leave from Kyushu University projects with teaching hospitals, including (Japan), Oak Ridge National Laboratory the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and St. (USA), the University of Western Sydney George Hospital, Sydney, Fremantle Hos- (Macarthur), the Nuclear Research Centre pital, Alfred Hospital, Austin Hospital, the (Dalat, Vietnam) and Carleton University Murdoch Institute for Birth Defects and (Canada) participated in research and as- Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital, Melbourne sisted in the training program at Lucas and Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide. Heights during 1992/93. Agen Biomedical Ltd (Queensland) and Biomira (Canada) collaborated in research The Second International Symposium on projects. Advances in Radiopharmaceuticals, held at the University of Sydney was organised by * Continued to participate in a cooperative the Biomedicine and Health Program. There 20 research agreement between Ansto and the were 120 participants, a significant increase Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. A from the previous year's 68 participants. clinical trial using dysprosium-165 for the treatment of arthritis was begun in Seoul. The distinguished research work of Dr. F. T. Lee was recognised by the 1992 Lucas * Began a collaborative project with the Heights Scientific Society Award. Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot.The Pro- gram also took part in a workshop using PET Presently, the Program's resources are dis- imaging which was held in Sydney. tributed across the Ansto site. However, during the 92/93 financial year, infrastruc- * Promoted postgraduate education and ture was improved by procurement of addi- specialised training in the radiopharmaceu- tional instruments and the design of a new tical sciences which has been encouraged building which will be devoted to radiophar- via research grants and post-graduate fel- maceutical chemistry indicating the Pro- lowships, and the activities of AINSE and gram's aim for the future. Ansto. Three APRA (industry) postgraduate research awards support PhD thesis re- Radio- search in the Program. One physician is Pharmaceuticals conducting research for a Doctor of Medicine degree with co-supervision in the Program. Research focussed on the development of A total of seven PhD students were sta- diagnostic and therapeutic agents for can- tioned on site conducting theses research cer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascu- using Biomedicine and Health resources. lar diseases and in-born errors of The Program received two vacation stu- metabolism. Bioconjugates for otherwise require a PET study. Monoclona I Antibodies Reactor and Cyclotron Radionuclides Atechnetium-99m labelled 3B6 monoclonal antibody, developed by Biomedicine and A new tungsten-188/ rhenium-188 genera- Health and Agen Biomedical Ltd, Queens- tor is under development. This particular land, demonstrated detection of blood clots generator was designed for use with the in the legs and lungs. Clinical trials were specific levels of tungsten activity that can conducted in New South Wales and at the be produced in HIFAR. This work stems Queen's Medical Centre in the United King- from an ongoing collaboration with Oak Ridge dom. An exclusive world-wide licence National Laboratory USA and the Japan agreement was signed with Hybritech (a Atomic Energy Research Institute. Rhenium- subsidiary of the Eli Lilly), for further com- 188 has ideal physical properties for appli- mercialisation of thetechnology. Provisional cations in the treatment of a variety of can- patent applications were filed for lipophilic cers, and it will also produce diagnostic complexes of rhenium-188 and for a class of images. A collaborative project involving ligands for copper-64 and copper-67 that copper-67 in the study of Mankes' disease i nay find application as bifunctional chelators was initiated with the Murdoch Institute of in radioimmunospecific Pharmaceuticals. Birth Defects, Melbourne.

Molecular Radio- Holmium-166 labelled microspheres were pha rmaceuticals prepared to radiopharmaceutical specifications and tested in biological models. Fre- Positron emitters such as fluorine-18, are mantle Hospital, a collaborator, is testing being used to facilitate the quantitative these microspheres for the treatment of liver imaging and measurement of regional proc- cancer. esses with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and with Single Photon Emission Industrial Interaction 21 Computed Tomography (SPECT). Work has been focussed on developing new Utilising the Ansto Supercomputer, and radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis of Monte Carlo computational methods, high- Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, speed computations of dose distributions schizophrenia, heart disease and melanoma for therapy have been developed. A col- (skin cancer). laborative link between Illawarra Cancer Care Centre and the supercomputer was estab- lodine-123 labelled dexetimide (123IDEX) lished. was introduced by Biomedicine and Health into clinical trials at the Queen Elizabeth Computer codes were compiled to utilise Hospital, Adelaide. Initial results are very computer capabilities to provide new, effi- encouraging for the diagnosis of partial epi- cient and cost effective solutions to clinical lepsy and Alzheimer's disease. requirements in radiotherapy. The Visuali- sation Laboratory at the University of Syd- Clinical trials using fluorine-18 labelled ney was also used. deoxy-glucose for planar imaging of the heart were begun at the Alfred Hospital, An Australian patent application on bone Melbourne. The trials use a modified gamma marrow treatments was filed with assign- camera and have received assistance from ment to Ansto for research supported by the General Electric Medical Systems. This work Program at Fremantle Hospital. is encouraging the introduction of SPECT cameras with high energy collimators for A licence agreement to transfer Ansto's diagnostic studies on patients that might patent rights on a monoclonal antibody to 22 gastrin receptors was reached jointly with this work was originally funded by a GIRD Monash University and the University of grant. New South Wales. Biomedicine and Health has designed a multi- The Specific Pathogen- Free Animal Facility centre trial to examine a possible synergy of was licensed to breed and to sell nude mice, dysprosium-165 hydroxide macroaggregates BALB/c mice, nude rats and Wistar rats. with the more conventional steroid treatment These rodents are invaluable biological for rheumatoid arthritis. Subsequently, ARI models in medical research and the Program has forwarded a general marketing applica- offers them for sale to many research groups. tion to the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration. This compound has the Assisted by the National Industry Extension advantage that treatment can be adminis- Scheme in 1991/92, a joint arrangement for tered on a day - patient basis, resulting in a the commercial development of the Body savings of approximately $300,000 per an- Protein Monitor progressed with Diascan num for Australia. Limited, with one monitor being commissioned during 1992/93 at the Childrens' Hospital in Camperdown.

The Program's ability to interact successfully with industry was shown by the grant- ing of a worldwide licence to a radiolabelled 3B6 monoclonal antibody. Jointly developed in the Program with Agen Biomedical Ltd, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

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23 The Environmental Science Program by industrial and government clients. The possesses multidisciplinary expertise in program arose out of the need for re- the application of nuclear science-based search to predict, measure, evaluate and and closely related techniques to under- monitor the environmental impacts as- standing physical, chemical and biologi- sociated with uranium mining and cal environmental processes, and in ap- processing in Australia, the operation of plying this understanding to the develop- the reactor at Lucas Heights and the safe ment of practical, cost-effective solutions treatment and disposal of radioactive to sped fie environmental problems faced and conventional wastes.

tect, improve and conserve the natural envi- Objectives ronment within the context of sustainable development. * To assist the Australian Government to further its international initiatives, meet treaty * To assist Australian industry in advancing obligations and respond appropriately on Australia's competitive position in the world technical and policy issues requiring au- economy. thoritative environmental advice. * In so doing, the Program seeks to attract, * To assist governments, their agencies, foster and hold the highest quality scientific private institutions and companies to pro- and technical professionals available. Outcomes * Took part as a major partner in a number of projects in the Cooperative Research Cen- During 1992/93 the Program tre for Waste Management and Pollution Control. In two projects, arsenic waste im- * Obtained contracts to assist in the devel- mobilisation and water treatment residues, opment of rehabilitation plans for the two Ansto was appointed the lead organisation. uranium mining sites at Konigstein and Ansto's involvement extends across a broad Rohneburg, Germany spectrum of waste management and pollution control problemsjncluding waste im- * Participated in the commencement of a mobilisation, odour control, landfill design major IAEA Coordinated Research Pro- and operation, remote sensing of pollut- gram on the Use of Nuclear and Isotope ants and enhanced composting technology.

Ansto scientist Ian Richie (left) discussing rehabilitationoftheAitik waste rock dumps with the vice- president of Boliden Mineral, Per ' Broman (centre) and an associate at the Aitik Mine, 100km north of £$ithe Arctic Circle.

24 Techniques in Retrospective Studies of Coral the use of wetlands for biological treatment Reefs: Implications to Climate Research, of wastes. Global Environmental change and Coastal Pollution. The initiative involving Ansto, AIMS Rehabilitation of and a number of Australian and overseas Mine Wastes marine research laboratories, will contribute significantly to the scientific basis for Ansto participates in a project within the Sustainable Development policy. It will be Canadian Mine Environmental Neutral the most sophisticated of a series of archival Drainage program. In this area Ansto is monitoring studies within the program. making a significant contribution to the international effort to provide the mining industry * Obtained a major GIRD grant together with solutions to the widespread problem of with partners CRA, the Water Board and environmental pollution arising from acid mine Patterson Britton and Partners (marine drainage. This knowledge is being trans- engineers).The grant is to study and de- ferred through a variety of consultancies to velop biological, physical and chemical Australian mining companies, with the dual remediation technologies for treating benefits of protecting the environment and sediments using Sydney Harbour/ improving financial competitiveness. Parramatta River and Cooks River as the sediment source. This need arises from the Ansto has continued to perform consultancy fact that harbour and estuarine sediments in research work for Boliden Mineral AB, with urban areas are often contaminated with the aim of producing a model of the physical both organic and inorganic pollutants as a processes which govern the generation and result of industrial activities. transport of pollutants from sulphidic waste rock dumps at the Aitik copper mine in waste treatment is being utilised in the clean- northern Sweden. The project, due to finish up and rehabilitation of the Wismut uranium in September 1993, has led to fruitful inter- mining operations. The Program is provid- action with Swedish experts in diverse fields, ing scientific and engineering advice on the including private consultants, university re- treatment of waste waters arising from the search groups and government regulators. flooding of these mines. The work has enabled Ansto to contribute considerably to the world-wide data base of The first of two projects, concerned with knowledge in this field. process and waste waters from an in-situ leaching operation, is under way. The A sophisticated mathematical model of the projects include determining the capabili- process of oxidation of pyrite in waste rock ties of existing on-site equipment followed heaps has been developed over the past by laboratory studies at Ansto to assess the few years as a part of a study of the environ- application of various treatment options.The

Ansto scientists believe they have discovered a new species of grunter fish, during surveys carried out in the Finniss River

mental pollution problems of mine sites. The second project involves the design of a plant 25 model can be applied to cases where a fast to treat water from the flooding of an under- oxidation rate is actively sought, such as in ground mine. In both cases, the processes the treatment of refractory gold ores in bio- for waste water treatment must produce an oxidation heaps. An Australian mining com-' effluent quality that satisfies stringent envi- pany purchased a copy of the model, in the ronmental discharge standards. form of acomputercode, for use in optimising such operations. Rare Earth/ Mineral Sands Rehabilitation of Processing Uranium Mine Sites Ansto has continued to provide support for For the past 35 years, much of the Soviet the development of a process to recover rare Union's uranium was obtained from a joint earths from the Mt Weld deposit owned by DDR/Soviet operation known as Wismut. Ashton Mining. Following a successful pilot When the Soviets withdrew from Eastern plant demonstration of the process, Ansto is Europe, they left a legacy of environmental now undertaking the final stage of pilot scale problems from operations in the eastern test work to refine the flowsheet to produce Germany states of Thuringia and Saxony. the mix of products, required by potential Ansto has been contracted to assist in the customers, forevaluation purposes. To date, development of rehabilitation plans for two of products from the process have been well the sites. received.

Ansto's expertise in uranium processing and Over the past five years there has been increasing emphasis on reducing the levels Radioanalytical of naturally-occurring uranium and thorium Applications in mineral sands concentrates. A number of countries have adopted restrictive regula- Demands arise for the application of neutron tions limiting the amount of radioactivity in activation analysis for rapid determination of imported concentrates to control subsequent chlorinated hydrocarbons in a wide range of waste disposal problems. Ansto is providing environmental samples. This technique is a number of services to the mineral sands also being used, in collaboration with CSIRO, industry to help define the levels and distri- to monitor the effectiveness of a new de- bution of radioactivity in concentrates. Where struction process for ridding the environ- levels are higher than those specified by ment of these hazardous materials. import regulations, the Program has undertaken joint projects to develop processing In collaboration with universities, CSIRO strategies which reduce the radioactivity to and the Water Board, low level radiochemi- acceptable limits. These services are cur- cal techniques were developed to measure rently being used, to a varying extent, by the natural level of radioactivity in waters, eight Australian companies. soils, sediments and fish in order to assess the age and distribution of commercial fish Nuclear Techniques stocks (orange roughy, warty dory, blue grenadier, tropical snapper), dating of Radon gas is a naturally occurring radioac- periglacial f erricretes and mound spring car- tive tracer useful for monitoring the global bonates, time scales for ingress of toxic dispersal of pollutants in the atmosphere. algae and sedimentation rates at the mouth Ansto was invited by the US National Centre of the Hawkesbury River. for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to use its expertise in the measurement of radon in The last twelve months has seen a signifi- the Mauna Loa Photochemistry Experiment. cant increase in the demand for precise 26 A special feature of the experiment site was analysis of low levels of tritium in water that radon could be detected from two supplies. Measurement of this radioisotope sources: local land or Asia some 6000 km in underground and surface waters permits distant. NCAR has supported research by the dating and sourcing of water and the Ansto in the use of a second natural tracer, proper management of dwindling supplies lead-212, to help discriminate local from under conditions of increasing population. distant land influences on air samples. Much The biggest demands have come from the of the experimental design and instrumenta- Australian Geological Survey Organisation tion development was carried out in collabo- but Ansto's expertise in this area of analysis ration with New Mexico Institute of Mining is recognised overseas and has been used and Technology. by several organisations in the UK.

Environmental- Coastal and Radon Measurements Marine Processes

Because of its radioactivity, radon is a po- This Project was launched a year ago and tential health hazard. Ansto has continued has brought together specialists in tracer to advise and make measurements for or- technology, marine chemistry, biology, ganisations with radon problems. Areas of ecotoxicology and erosion studies. In the involvement have included radon in caves lield of ecotoxicology, increasing emphasis and radon emanation from industrial wastes, is being placed on behavioural aversion in particular power station ash dams and rather than mortality studies. This reflects from a burial site believed to contain other the beneficial impact of improved environ- low level radioactive materials. mental management. Afluvarium has been constructed to support a study for Ok Tedi rehabilitation work, ground water modelling, Mining by Ansto and BMP Engineering. contaminant assessment and environmen- Tracer techniques are continuing to provide tal impact. a systematic evaluation of the efficacy of the deep ocean sewage outfalls for the EPA. An The expertise developed at Ansto in the area AIDAB-supported investigation of sediment of geochemical modelling has been used in movement off Kuala Marang in East Malay- studies of both research and commercial sia was successfully completed. Marine origin. Geochemical modelling has been chemists from the Program have worked utilised in a number of commercial projects with the EPA and the Great Barrier Reef dealing with mine rehabilitation both nation- Marine Park Authority on baseline studies ally for ERA at their Ranger mines and inter- off the coast of NSW and in the Torres Strait. nationally for Wismut and Boliden Minerals. A research study on the uptake of trace metals by living organisms, which also used

Ansto scientists are investigating the impacts of the Ok Tedi mine on the ecology of the Fly River

27 Environmental Remediation

Ansto's expertise in mine rehabilitation has geochemical modelling, has led to a subse- been utilised in areas of polluted site reha- quent commercial project with the Water bilitation. Pacific Power contracted Ansto to Board. perform a study to determine the options available for the rehabilitation of the ash Environmental Impact storage dams of the Tallawarra Power Sta- tion located at Wollongong, NSW. The impact of mining activities and waste storage on the environment is of extreme Geochemical importance in the planning strategies of mine Modelling owners and the estimation of rehabilitation options. Ansto has been involved in a range Ansto has signed a collaborative agreement of studies dealing with assessment of envi- with SURPAC International, an Australian ronmental impact. ERA have contracted software company. The agreement is for Ansto to investigate the impact of the Ansto to provide SURPAC with a deposition of uranium tailings in the Ranger geochemical speciation software module for #1 open pit as well as to investigate aspects incorporation into their ENTEC software, of the EIS for the North Ranger #2 ore body. which utilises graphical tools to model and Work has also been conducted for the Kinhill monitor the environment. The package has group to assess the impact and magnitude been used forwastedump management and of some waste repositories at Salisbury, SA. SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS NATIONAL MEDICAL CYCLOTRON

Objectives

UJ * To produce neutron-deficient radioiso- 0 topes for incorporation in z radiopharmaceuticals.

* To produce ultra short-lived positron < emitting radioisotopes for use in Positron o: c: 0 Emission Tomography applications. Otv * To provide facilities and resources for c: LLI research and development in related areas. Q. Q- Outcomes 28 Since commencing production of radioiso- The cyclotron permits two beams of high topes for Positron Emission Tomography energy protons to be extracted and si- (PET) imaging at Royal Prince Alfred Hos- multaneously used for PET and com- pital late in 1992, the National Medical Cy- mercial radioisotope production. clotron (NMC) has produced some 130 batches of fluorine-18 and 30 batches of nitrogen-13 during the year. These are used to provide images of the patients' heart or tion of ARI's requirements. This has allowed brain disorders. An application for a National for a significant reduction in the amount of Health and Medical Research Council grant thallium imported. for the use of oxygen-15 in PET scans has been made. The development of a production system for gallium-67 commenced and the submission Following the development of the production to the TGA is being prepared. Following process for thallium-201, a submission was approval, the product will be transferred to made to the Therapeutic Goods Adminis- ARI for sale to hospitals throughout Australia. tration (TGA) for the NMC to produce the product. The application was successful and During the year, quantities of iodine-123 a licence issued to distribute the product have been produced for research purposes. through Australian Radioisotopes (ARI). The Distributed to Ansto and hospitals in Adelaide first production runs were carried out in May and Melbourne, the iodine has been incor- and since then the quantity of thallium has porated into several radiopharmaceuticals steadily increased to meet a greater propor- for which clinical trials are being planned. SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY

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fv uj The neutron transmutation of silicon in- Q_ CL gots is a key revenue earner for the Nu- clear Technology Program. 29 The High Flux Australian Reactor medicine, industry and research and for (HIFAR) represents a national neutron commercial activities such as transmu- facility for research in Australia. It facili- tation doping of silicon and neutron acti- tates the production of radioisotopes for vation analysis.

Objectives

* To maintain and operate HIFAR as a national neutron source.

* To be responsible for the design, installation, operation and maintenance of neutron beam facilities and irradiation and experimental rigs.

* To provide irradiation services.

* To provide a waste management service to HIFAR and the Lucas Heights site.

* To maintain and promote knowledge and expertise in nuclear science and engineering. Outcomes

* An agreement with Tracerco and Bec- querel Laboratories Ply Ltd allows these valves were originally installed in 1958 when companies to use HIFAR irradiation facili- the reactor was commissioned and had be- ties for the analysis of mineral samples gun to show signs of wear and corrosion. arising from mineral exploration programs. To allow transmission of a beam of neutrons * Researchers use reactor for more than from the reactor core to experimental 2300 hours over the 296 days of full power equipment in an adjoining building, the operation. reactor containment building wall was pen- etrated. Two emergency sealing valves * Equipment was developed which will be which close automatically were fitted to both used for solidification of liquid waste arising sides of the penetration. Steps have been from commercial production of molybdenum- taken to reduce the radiation levels in the 99. reactor building to minimise the exposure of HIFAR personnel. These measures include * An assessment of the research reactor at the installation of additional shielding under Serpong, Indonesia, was performed as the reactor top plate and on one face of the Ansto's contribution to a collaborative ex- reactor. ercise between the Australian and Indone- sian Support Programs for IAEA safe- Waste Management guards. Activity

HIFAR Activity The Waste Management Section of the Pro- gram provides a sen/ice for the entire Lucas During the year, HIFAR operated for 7100 Heights site incluung the disposal of ra- hours (81.3% of the time) at an average dioactive and chemical wastes, laboratory 30 power of 10 megawatts.There were 865 cleaning and the decontamination of mate- irradiations in in-core rigs, 2329 irradiations rials and clothing. in self-service facilities and approximately 960 irradiations in graphite facilities to pro- The trade waste agreement with the Water duce radioisotopes for medicine, industry Board was renegotiated during the year. and research. Europium-tipped control rods Water Board officers continued to have un- were installed for the first time in HIFAR. restricted access to the effluent discharge The advantage of these rods is primarily an point for sampling purposes.Tests on sam- economic one with a life more than three ples taken by ANSTO and the Water Board times that of the original cadmium rods. confirmed thatdischargesmetthestandards There is an additional safety advantage as of the NSW Radioactive Substances Act europium's absorbing properties diminish and the Water Board. less rapidly towards the latter end of its useful life. There has been some refurbishment of Waste Management facilities including:- Maintenance on the reactor has included (a) the upgrading of the decontamination overhaul of the motor generator sets for the centre and laundry building; reactor instrumentation and the redistribu- (b) the redesign of the solid waste compactor tion of the instrumentation and electrical used for shredding low-level waste to max- loads to improve the performance of the imise the volume of waste packed into each generators and the reliability of the supply. drum; and The six main valves which isolate the sec- (c) the redesign of the liquid waste storage ondary cooling circuit from the pumphouse tanks in the high activity handling cells build- and cooling towers were replaced. These ing. Research Activity

31 HIFAR staff provide considerable support to approval documents have been reviewed researchers who use its facilities. Neutronics and revised to ensure their relevance to shielding and criticality calculations are current circumstances. The total number of carried out using the large data bank of criticality approvals has been reduced from nuclear cross sections and programs in the 93 to 51. computer. This bank was extended during the year.Construction of the Nuclear Tech- Commercial Activity nology water tunnel flow rig viewing and control room was completed in November The neutron transmutation of silicon ingots 1992. Further refinements to operating pro- for the international electronics industry is a cedures have since been developed. With key revenue earning project for Nuclear the assistance of the Quality Control Section, Technology and realised $1.9 million in 1992/ the Water Tunnel is being used to test re- 93. duced pressure zone valves for industry. The installation of two new silicon rigs in the Development of the flow visualisation graphite moderator of the reactor has begun. equipment and techniques will commence When complete, all of the available vertical at the conclusion of these tests, expected to graphite positions will be capable of irradiat- be in August 1993. ing silicon. Following consultation with officers respon- Other revenue generating activity is based sible for operations with fissile material, and on a commercial neutron activation analysis inspection of relevant facilities, all criticality service on mineral samples. SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS ENGINEERING

Installation of the AUSANS small angle neutron scattering instrument equipment. 32

Objective

* To provide cost effective, quality engi- * Engineering provided significant resources neering support to Ansto's Programs and to during the period for the documentation re- meet commercial targets. quired for operating approval, manufacture, installation and testing of the AUSANSsmall Outcomes angle neutron scattering instrument equipment in HIFAR. The design was completed, * Engineering continued to provide special- all the equipment inside the reactor con- ised design, manufacturing and maintenance tainment building installed and instrument services in support of Ansto's nuclear sci- alignment and commissioning within the ence activities. containment building commenced. Radia- tion surveys have been completed with the * A preliminary engineering and cost study in-pile rig shutter fully opened, and confirm for the replacement of the research reactor that the out-of-pile shield assembly is ac- HIFAR was initiated. Abroad performance ceptable for reactor full power operation. specification was prepared and design pro- The major components for installation in the posals for the nuclear related systems were AUSANS instrument building have been sought from research reactor vendors. delivered and installed, and assembly of Continuation of the study will depend on the these is in progress. The reactor contain- interim report by the Research Reactor ment building penetration for the AUSANS Review on the need for the new reactor. beam has been installed and commissioned. * During the year, the design of the Silicon rating lead-glass windows and tong Transmutation Doping rigs for the last two balls. A similar shield was made for suitable holes available in HIFAR was com- the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital pleted. Manufacture of these rigs and their PET suite; ancillary equipment has started. (d) improvements to the stack sam- * The molybdenum-99 liquid waste solidifi- pler units and their connections to cation project has progressed to the stage the stack. where in-cell installation and commissioning have started. * A new building was designed, for lease to * Continuing support was given to the Na- Tetley Manufacturing, as part of the devel- tional Medical Cyclotron staff in the design opment of the Business and Technology and installation fields. Typical work included: Park. This building comprises a manufac-

The Tetley building LJJ 0 Z

(V uj CL CL

33 (a) design of an improved solid target turing and office area and a warehouse. The irradiation station and its pneumatic building is due to be completed in July 1993. target carrier system, including a switch to direct carriers to either * A new Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry the new or old irradiation stations; Laboratory has been designed for the Bio- medicine and Health Program, for research (b) design and manufacture of equip- and development of radiopharmaceuticals. ment for the thallium-201 produc- The building will be constructed as an exten- tion line. Significant resources were sion to the existing Biomedicine and Health directed to the construction of the office in Building 1. trial production rig and then subsequently to the manufacture and * Ansto's Physical Protection System around installation of the in-cell equipment, HIFAR and the spent fuel storage facilities control consoles, waste system and are being upgraded over a two year period the provision of extra lead shield- to comply with new international recom- ing. The plant has been success- mendations. The system will involve new fully commissioned and continuing fences, exterior car parks, access controls development is taking place to en- and detection and surveillance installations. sure that reliable production is All significant nuclear materials will be relo- achieved; cated within these protected areas.

(c) provision of a sliding shield for PET * Major refurbishing and maintenance work radioisotope production, incorpo- has been undertaken on the waste decontamination building and effluent systems for Manufacture and installation of a new sili- Nuclear Technology. This involves work con can transfer flask, can storage pot and area extensions, demolition of certain ar- tempoiary storage platform will allow safe eas, reconstruction with new active drains handling. Thermal column shielding was and ventilation to modern safety standards. installed onto a face of the HIFAR reactorto Further to this, the water supply systems provide protection to HIFAR personnel have also been upgraded to separate pota- working in the control room area. In addition ble and non-potable supplies. Similar up- to work associated with the on-going radia- grading work has been done in the Advanced tion reduction program, Engineering is cur- Materials and Environmental Science build- rently installing neutron shielding under the ings. top plate in the form of 50 mm thick * Engineering satisfactorily completed pre- polyethylene cladding. ventative maintenance programs for the * The Quality Control Section continued its buildings and services at Lucas Heights and support of site activities. This included di- the National Medical Cyclotron, mensional inspection and non-destructive Camperdown. Major projects undertaken testing in support of AUSANS, the silicon during the year included refurbishment of irradiation facilities and Australian Radioiso- Building 3 offices and laboratories, remedial topes. Dimensional inspection and me- work resulting from the Synroc Bay fire for chanical testing for commercial clients, prin- Advanced Materials Program, refurbish- cipally in type testing to Australian Stand- ment of Building 25 for Business Administra- ards, continued. A program of equipping the tion and replacement of roofs on three Quality Control Section with some modern buildings. Significant progress has been equipment and refurbishing part of the labo- made with the upgrading of the site cooling ratories was commenced. These additions water towers. Five towers have been re- will enable a more effective site calibration placed with the new versions built to the service (for measuring equipment) to be latest standards. provided. An extension to the NATA regis- * The Engineering Development Workshop tration is also to be sought to cover this 34 completed a number of tasks in HIFAR activity. relating to improved safety and efficiency. NUCLEAR SAFETY UNIT (NSU) The Unit reports to the General Manager Ansto, it has provided on-site review of safety Scientific and has the responsibility to: related issues, giving advice to plant opera- * be aware of and responsive to safety tors before their submissions are sent off- concerns raised by plant operators, the site to the NSB. The NSU made a significant Nuclear Safety Bureau (NSB) and other contribution on aspects of siting and safety bodies; selection criteria, in the submission to the * conduct its own reviews and audits of the Research Reactor Review. safety of Ansto's nuclear plant; * keep under review the expected life of the NSU staff have participated with Advanced plant and those factors which affect it; Materials in studies of the remnant life of the * assist the Reactors Safety Committee reactor aluminium tank. Because of this (RSC); work, an NSU staff member was invited to * develop the safety concepts appropriate to visit the Vietnamese Nuclear Research In- a successor to HIFAR; stitute in Dalat, as an IAEA visiting expert, to * maintain an awareness of developments advise on aspects of inspection and safety in safety assessment techniques appropri- assessment relevant to the remaining life of ate to Ansto's plant; the aluminium tank of their reactor. A mem- The NSU has an approved staffing level of ber of the Vietnamese Nuclear Research five. Since July 1992, when the Nuclear Institute visited Ansto for three months to Safety Bureau (NSB) was separated from work with the NSU. EXTERNAL AFFAIRS

Bilateral , LU Objectives Cooperation Q

* To facilitate Ansto's effective promotion of Ansto's involvement in bilateral nuclear ^ Australia's national and international strate- science and technology collaboration ex- !> gic interests in nuclear technology and to panded with the conclusion of new agree- ^ S ensure that Australia develops its non- ments with the French Commissariat a ^ £ proliferation, nuclear safeguards, trade and I'Energie Atomique (CEA) and the Philip- ,, Q wider nuclear technology policies. pines Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI). u u_ Two major seminars were held under the 0 01 * To assist Ansto structure its activities to CEA agreement during the year; one in ^ w achieve the proposed revenue levels. Sydney on nuclear medicine in November °- °- 1992, and one in Paris on accelerator ap- * To ensure that Ansto's corporate obiec- plications in May 1993. 35 tives have a high standing and credibility in both national and international arenas. Exchange visits took place under agreements with the China National Nuclear Cor- Cutcomes ' poration and with the Korea Atomic Energy Research institute. Funding provided by * During the year External Affairs has placed DITARD's International Science & Technol- emphasis on strengthening Ansto's con- ogy Program also permitted high level ex- tacis with counterpart organisations in re- change visits to take place with Indonesia's gional countries through a network of bilat- National Atomic Energy Agency to enhance era! and multilateral links. These linkages existing scientific and technological coop- reinforce the international nature of nuclear eration over a range of peaceful nuclear developments. science activities. Collaborative projects have been proposed in the areas of materials * Considerable effort has been devoted to science, environmental studies, radioisotope preparing and submitting Ansto's case to production and safety. the Research Reactor Review for a new research reactor to replace the current UndertheauspicesofthelnternationalCon- reactor, HIFAR. ference on Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (ICNCA), a Regional Cooperation Group * Radioactive waste, liquid and airborne meeting on radiopharmaceuticals and nu- effluent emissions from the site and the clear medicine was sponsored and organ- management of spent reactor fuel, have ised in Kuala Lumpur in February 1993, with been prominent issues involvingthe Program support from the Malaysian Nuclear Energy Unit. This meeting, built upon the success of Research Programs on radiopharma- the first meeting held in Sydney in Novem- ceuticals, radioactive wasteforms and re- ber 1991, brought together twenty scientists pository performance, nuclear reaction and physicians from eight participating analysis, isotopic studies on coral reefs, countries. They discussed collaborative re- transfer of radioactivity to the environment, search and development projects and neutron activation analysis, and detection methods to improve regional cooperation methods for irradiated foods. In addition, and standards of health care using diagnos- research continued in support of the IAEA tic nuclear medicine and radiopharmaceu- safeguards development program within tical sciences. three projects on behalf of the Australian Safeguards Office. Australia was represented at other ICNCA sponsored activities, notably the workshop The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) on the Utilisation of Research Reactors or- has a membership drawn from countries ganised by the Science and Technology advanced in nuclear developments. Partici- Agency of Japan and held in Jakarta in pation in these N EA activities enables Ansto November 1992. The Australian delegation to keep abreast of current nuclear trends to the ICNCA meeting in Tokyo in March and developments. Ansto contributed to 1993 was led by Ansto's Executive Director NEA programs on nuclear safety, radiation and reviewed regional developments in nu- protection and public health, the nuclear fuel clear science and technology, including the cycle, nuclear science and radioactive waste outcomes of the various workshops which management. were endorsed by the Conference. IAEA International Regional Agencies Cooperative Agreement As Australia's national nuclear institute, 36 Ansto has continued to act as the technical Ansto's Executive Director is the National base of Australia's relationship with the IAEA. Coordinator for the IAEA Regional Coop- Ansto participated in a wide range of IAEA erative Agreement (RCA) for Research, expert and consultant meetings on safe Development and Training related to Nu- operation of research reactors, radiation clear Science and Technology. The Ex- processing, industrial radiotracers, radioac- ecutive Director represented Australia at the tive waste management and the establish- General Conference meeting of RCA ment of an international nuclear safety members in Vienna in September 1992 and convention. Ansto also provided repre- attended the 15th Annual Working Group sentatives to IAEA advisory committees in- meeting in the Philippines in March 1993. cluding the International Nuclear Data The three-year Australian sponsored RCA Committee and the International Nuclear project on "The Applications of Isotope and Waste Committee. Several staff were Radiation Technology to Regional Develop- provided for secretariat positions in the IAEA ment with Special Reference to Industry and Departments of Safeguards and Technical Nuclear Medicine" formally commenced in Cooperation. The Executive Director par- April 1993 with the Australian International ticipated in an IAEA sponsored National Development Assistance Bureau (AIDAB) Seminar in Kuala Lumpur on Nuclear Sci- providing the first grant to the IAEA for the ence and Technology for Journalists, and three-year, A$1.5 million project. The first the Director, External Affairs, participated in activity was the Regional Training Course a Regional Seminar in Jakarta on Nuclear on the Applications of Modern Isotope Tech- Power and Public Information. niques to Industry, held at Ansto in May 1993 and attended by 17 overseas scien- Ansto partcipated in IAEA Coordinated tists. A number of scientists and engineers from regional countries received training and experience using Anstofacilities during the year ceived during the year. This is sufficient to under IAEA Fellowships. maintain HIFAR operation into 1997.

Overseas Ansto participated in nuclear safeguards Representation and cooperation consultations between Australia and France, Australia and the Re- As an integral part of its international linkages, public of Korea and Australia and Japan, all Ansto has maintained specialised repre- held in Canberra. The Australian Safeguards sentation in three Counsellor (Nuclear) posts Office made monthly inspections and audits based at the Australian High Commission, of Ansto's nuclear materials. IAEA safe- London and Australian Embassies in Vienna guards inspectors made four inspections to and Washington DC. These posts primarily verify Ansto's nuclear materials, facilitate technical contacts with the OECD/ Nuclear Energy Agency and the Interna- Radioactive tional Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Waste Management provide essential linkages between Ansto and those geographical regions most active Ansto officers have continued to participate in nuclear science and technology. The in actions to locate and establish a national three posts have been important in enhanc- low-level radioactive waste repository for ing Ansto's overseas commercial opportuni- Australia. This work has included assistance ties. in the preparation of a discussion paper entitled "A Radioactive Waste Repository National Science for Australia: Methods for Choosing the and Technology Right Site" which was released for public Activities comment by the National Resource Infor- mation Centre. Ansto's presence in, and contribution to the 37 direction of science and technology contin- Ansto officers participated in the prepara- ued through the Executive Director's mem- tion of a Code of Practice for the near- bership of the Coordination Committee on surface disposal of radioactive waste in Science and Technology (CCST) and the Australia which was approved by the Na- International Science and Technology Ad- tional Health and Medical Research Council visory Committee (ISTAC). in November.

Nuclear Services Ansto also contributed to the review of available options for the interim storage and In accordance with the Ansto Act, the moni- management of radioactive wastes stored toring and assessment of international nu- at the Australian Defence Industries (ADI) clear energy related developments was site at St Marys in western Sydney, as well maintained. Specialised information and as the slightly radioactively contaminated advice was provided to Ansto management soil from a CSIRO laboratory site at and Government departments. Fishermans Bend in Melbourne which is currently stored at Ansto. Developments continue to be monitored on the reprocessing and disposal of spent re- The Fishermans Bend contaminated soil is search reactor fuel. In December 1992, the subject to an order by the NSW Land and US Department of Energy announced its Environment Court which requires its re- renewal of the US policy on the receipt of US moval by 5 February 1995 or on the estab- origin foreign spent research reactor fuel, lishment of a national repository, whichever 150 fresh HIFAR fuel elements were re- occurs first. Lucas Heights Regional Waste Depot Inquiry and New Lease Arrangements

As indicated in the last Ansto Annual Report, when title to certain land within the 1.6km buffer zone surrounding the HIFAR research reactor was transferred from the Common- wealth to Ansto in 1990, it came encum- bered with a lease agreement issued to one of the predecessors of the current lease holder, the Waste Service of NSW. The immediate predecessor, the Waste Recy- cling and Processing Service of NSW (WRPS), submitted a development application to the Sutherland Shire Council in late 1991 to expand the disposal area and also increase the height of the fill area on the Ansto land. Following opposition to the expansion proposal by the Sutherland Shire Council, the NSW Government established September 1992, the Minister for Science a Commission of Inquiry into the proposal and Technology, the Hon Ross Free MP, underthe NSW Environmental Planning and initiated the Research Reactor Review un- Assessment Act. However, the Commis- der the chairmanship of Professor Ken sion of Inquiry was terminated in October McKinnon (Vice-Chancellor, University of 1992 following the withdrawal of the devel- Wollongong) with members Professor Ann opment application by WRPS. Henderson-Sellers and Dr Tor Hundloe. The 38 terms of reference for the Review included A new eight year lease was negotiated and whether Australia has a need for a new signed between Ansto and the Waste Service research reactor; a review of the present in June 1993. The new lease calls for the reactor HIFAR; and if a new reactor is rec- Waste Service to comply with NSW Envi- ommended, where it should be built, what ronment Protection Authority Licence con- its environmental impact would be and how ditions as they may continue to vary. The it should be regulated. lease conditions also provide, inter alia, for the preparation of an environmental man- An interim report was submitted to the Min- agement plan by the Waste Service and the ister for Science and Small Business at the establishment of a Community Monitoring end of July 1993 and a final report is due by Committee with unlinked power of access the end of 1993. to the site at Lucas Heights and to the results of monitoring programs. Ansto officers are External Affairs managed the preparation of participating in this Monitoring Committee. Ansto's detailed submissions to the Re- search Reactor Review, consisting of a pri- Research Reactor mary submission on 19 February 1993, a Review supplementary submission in May 1993 and asecondsupplementarysubmissioninJune The ASTEC report Major National Research 1993. External Affairs also coordinated Facilities - A National Program completed in Ansto's interaction with the Review and its March 1992, identified a new research reac- public hearings. Ansto appeared before the tor as one of seven proposals for likely public hearings on 8-9 March, 30 March and development over the next decade. In 28 June 1993. PUBLIC AFFAIRS

LU I Publications 0 Z 5 The Unit's publication program included; Objectives information brochures on HIFAR, ionising radiation, radioisotopes and cyclotrons. In < * To enhance Ansto's standing in Australia addition a broad range of simply presented through the distribution of accurate public Fact Sheets were prepared on nuclear sci- CD o !: information on Ansto's activities. ence and on nuclear-related issues of public interest. The Unit also assisted in the £V LLI * To assist in the promotion of Ansto's com- preparation of information material for pa- Q- Q- mercial services. tients referred for a nuclear medicine investigation with special advice for pregnant Outcomes women.These investigations have been 39 endorsed by the Australian and New Zea- * The publication of ateacher resource kit, "A land Society of Nuclear Medicine and were Nuclear Source", a loose-leafed presentation sponsored and distributed by Australian Ra- containing more than 100 diagrams and 140 dioisotopes. pages of text aimed at students of years 11 and 12. A major effort of the Unit has been the preparation of "A Nuclear Source", a sci- * The tour guide service offering organised ence teachers resource kit aimed at filling tours to schools, service organisations and the information gap and satisfying the sylla- groups and impromptu tours during school bus requirements for the teaching of nuclear holidays has again proved successful with science and technology in Australia. some 9,000 people using the service durin g the period. In addition, the Kit has been presented at an International Workshop on Nuclear Public * The organisation of four Open days in July Information in Practice, organised by the 1992. The first was attended by more than European Nuclear Society, Karlovy-Vary, 5000 school pupils from as far away as Czech Republic, and at an International Tamworth in northern NSW and from the Seminar for Teachers of Nuclear Energy in ACT. The second day was for Ansto trade Oxford. On both occasions the kit was ap- and business customers whilst the third and plauded for making a much needed and fourth were attended by a total of 3,500 superior contribution to the storehouse of people. teaching resources. Public Education

In 1992/93 there were many special events sion with local groups. The Forum meets bi- in which the Unit participated: e.g. monthly with more than 100 representatives * the Great Australia Science Show, in and individuals on the mailing list. Brisbane and Melbourne * a four day open day period when the Public Affairs staff participated in Lucas Lucas Heights Research Laboratories Heights Precinct Committee meetings and were open on an organised basis to a wide contributed to the community debates. range of visitors. Regular monthly contact with community * The Royal Easter Show in Sydney. The groups and branch libraries in the Suther- Ansto exhibit at the Royal Easter Show land and St George area has been main- featured a large replica of the core of the tained.

Students enjoying their visit to the Tandem Accelerator on Ansto's Open Day. 40 reactor HIFAR. In addition, access to a suite Ansto, a foundation sponsor of the commu- of dummy hot-cells was provided to give the nity radio station, 2SSR-FM, donated its opportunity to the public to experience re- commercial message allocation to commu- mote handling techniques. nity and sporting announcements. The Pub- lic Affairs Unit provides sponsorships for The normal tour guide services at Lucas science projects at local schools, issued a Heights have been extended to Saturdays to number of public information leaflets and meet the needs of residents in the area, assisted in certain fundraising activities. particularly would-be purchasers of real es- tate. A part-time guide has been employed to The conduct tours of the National Medical Cyclo- Research tron, located on the campus of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and to view the asso- Reactor Review ciated Positron Emission Tomography suite Ansto's proposal that government should in the Hospital's Department of Nuclear consider the early replacement of HIFAR, Medicine. placed extra demands on the Public Affairs Unit for the preparation of written information to the public. The Unit also briefed the print Local Community and electronic media on the content of Ansto's Relations submissions and increased the awareness of the Australian community of the potential A staff member coordinates the Local Liai- for improved scientific, medical and com- son Forum, a community targeted program mercial benefits that would result from a new to maintain lines of information and discus- reactor. CORPORATE ANSTO

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0 Occupational Health and Safety ensuring a safe and healthy working environment. " £Z til CL d

41 Objectives August 1992 to enable Board Members to consider how best they could interact with, * To develop an acceptable and appropriate and contribute to Ansto activities. Executive strategic planning and evaluation process and senior research managers met further for Ansto. in May 1993 in a planning session to determine research priorities for Ansto for the next * To manage and protect Ansto's real and seven year period. intellectual property interests. Evaluation of the performance of the Organi- * To service and report to the Ansto Board. sation was again performed by Ansto's internal and external Auditors. An Australian * To operate an effective Library information National Audit Office Efficiency Audit Report service. (No.35) on program evaluations, strategies, practices and impacts within the Industry, Outcomes- Technology and Regional Development Planning Portfolio, found that Ansto's overall programs During the year work commenced on the of evaluation "will ensure that all major Ansto revision of Ansto's Strategic Plan. As part of programs are reviewed over a three to five this process senior managers participated year time frame." The report also found that, in a Think-tank" planning session in July while Ansto needs to make improvements in 1992 to draw up a set of challenges and documenting its evaluation strategies, the strategies for Ansto. The Board of Directors activities within the Organisation have pro- convened a Think-tank" planning session in duced useful outcomes. Intellectual Property

During the year, a comprehensive forward costing analysis of Ansto's patent portfolio was undertaken with the assistance of Ansto's Patent Attorney.

Ansto Patent Portfolio as at 30 June 1993

Wholly Owned Ownership Ownership Total by Ansto shared with shared with CSIRO ANU

Cases under Application 24 1 14 39

Cases with Patent Status 18 25 54 97 i i Total Cases 42 26 68 136 42

Portfolio Evaluation

During the year a major review of the need for a new research reactor commenced. An Ecologically Australian National Audit into the purchase Sustainable and operation of a supercomputer at Ansto Development was undertaken. A review of triennium funding arrangements for Industry, Technology The integration of the goal, core objectives and Regional Development Science Agen- and guiding principles of the national strat- cies was completed and published in June egy on Ecologically Sustainable Develop- 1993. Outcomes of other evaluations have ment progressed. These principles relate been documented internally and have, where primarily to Ansto's Environmental Science appropriate, resulted in changes to proce- Program, with the objectives and member- dures and operations. The table above sum- ship of its Program Advisory Committee marises the evaluations of performance un- reflecting the National Strategy. dertaken or planned during 1992/93. ANSTO SUB PROGRAM Evaluation Title Actual Planned 92 93 94 95 96 Inquiry into need for new Research Reactor - HIFAR U* Review of Performance of Ansto Market-Driven Research P* Evaluation of Priority Areas of Research - Synroc U Review of Triennium Funding Arrangements U* Review of Ansto Health and Safety Program P Environmental Science: Business Efficiency Review C Nuclear Technology: Business Efficiency Review C Personnel and Services: Time-sheet Recording Review C Australian Supercomputing Technology ANAO Audit C Australian Radioisotopes -ANAO Review on Commercialisation P 43 Advanced Materials Program - ANAO Compliance Review C

Internal Audit Reviews

Advanced Materials Program - Business Efficiency P Application of Nuclear Physics Program - Business Efficiency C Australian Radioisotopes - Compliance P P Biomedicine and Health - Business Efficiency P Business Administration Program - Internal Control C Commercialisation - Central Function Cost - Diagnostic P Commercialisation - Costing- Diagnostic P Computing Centre - Compliance P Computing Centre - Systems P Corporate Credit Cards - Diagnostic P Engineering Program - Business Efficiency P Environmental Science Program - Diagnostic P Nuclear Technology Program - Diagnostic P Overheads - Costing - Diagnostic P Personnel & Services Program - Payroll - Compliance P P Warehouse Carousel Stock System - Computer System C P CORPORATE ANSTO BUSINESS A D M I N I STRATI O N

Objectives

* To continue to provide a high quality financial gram provides a full range of accounting services and procurement service in support of the Or- to these business units. This has been achieved ganisation's research and commercial objectives. without increase to Program resources.

* To develop new systems and to enhance existing Once again the Organisation has had wide audit systems for the delivery of financial information exposure through its Board-endorsed internal for the use of researchers and the Executive. audit program. The internal audit function was carried out under a contract arrangement by * To monitor emerging government budget policy Price Waterhouse. The audit of Ansto and Group and to adopt and implement as appropriate. financial statements, as required by legislation, was carried out by the Australian National Audit * To optimise the use of technology to ensure an Office. At 30 Junel 993, no significant accounting effective and efficient delivery of services to yield issues requiring resolution have been identified. resource savings. Budget * To improve systems to identify and capture costs with particular emphasis on commercial Ansto is a budget dependent Organisation. services. Throughout 1992-93 the key element of government budget policy to affect Ansto has been Outcomes- the continuation of the triennium funding ar- Financial Services rangement. 1992-93 is the second year of the 44 second triennium funding period. The triennium The continued provision of a high quality financial funding and associated funding arrangements service throughout 1992-93 was evidenced by provide for: * an increasingly high level of user acceptance of the Financial Information Management System * direct government appropriation funding to (FIMS) due to its performance reliability, accu- be maintained in real terms for a three-year racy and timeliness of information; period; * satisfactory completion of group annual finan- * the Organisation to retain all external earning? cial statements and the receipt of unqualified without any related reduction in direct appropria- audit reports from the Australian National Audit tion; Office. * an external earnings target; and * payment to government of an efficiency divi- During 1992-93 the Business Administration dend. Program services were extended to include an account ing support service for the Nuclear Safety This arrangement has had a major impact on Bureau, (which now operates under distinct leg- Ansto by providing financial certainty and by islative authority provided by the Australian Nu- encouraging the adoption of a business approach clear Science and Technology Organisation to management which in turn encouraged a Amendment Act, 1992), the Australian Institute greater interaction with industry. Total appro- of Nuclear Science and Engineering, and Aus- priation funding received from government within tralian Supercomputing Technology. With the 1992-93 was $68.19M (1991-92 $65.107M) rep- exception of the NuclearSafety Bureau, for whom resenting an increase of 4.7%. This includes an financial services are provided to meet specific additional allocation of $1.149M to fund the cost requirements, the Business Administration Pro- to rebuild and refit the Plasma Laboratory and adjacent areas damaged by fire in November plans. Salary and payments in the nature of 1992 and an amount of $1M borrowed against salary remained the single largest operating cost 1993-94 appropriation to fund redundancies. In component. The program of workplace reform accordance with the triennium funding arrange- which commenced in 1990-91 has continued ment, Ansto paid an "efficiency dividend" to gov- with increased impetus as a result of the imple- ernment in an amount of $505.600. mentation of an Enterprise Bargaining Agree- ment. Substantial productivity gains and opera- Revenue tional cost savings have been achieved. As a direct result, salary cost as a percentage of total The commercialisation imperative has impacted operating cost has continued to trend down from favourably on the management process. Rev- 55.35% in 1990-91 to 48.67% in 1992-93. enue targets are accepted as a simple effective measure of commercial performance. Total rev- The importance of a sound basis for recognising enue generated for the year was $26.6M (1991 - and capturing the cost of research, support op-

Figure 1 Ansto Revenue Growth 1987-88 to 1992-93

W25 c o 20

10 1987-88 1988-89 1989-90 1990-91 1991-92 1992-93

45 92 $22.5M). Ansto's revenue as a percentage of erations and commercial activities is realised. total appropriation has increased from 23.37% in The FIMS system provides the foundation for the 1987-88 to 39.02% in 1992-93. Note: Total 1992- capture and reporting of direct costs. For the first 93 revenue includes $1.9M, being the value time a broad range of costs, previously treated as ($0.8M) of abnormal end of year adjustments overheads and reported as either Corporate or and the value ($1.1M) of assets received free of Engineering support costs, were separately charge. Figure 1 (above) displays a trend analy- identified and relocated to Programs. These costs sis of Ansto's revenue growth. totalled $7.27M in 1992-93 and representthe first stage in a process to embrace the principles of Figure 2 (following page) provides an analysis of activity based costing. the source of external revenue for 1992-93 broken down into large, small and small to medium A significant cost this year was the write down size companies. While there are fluctuations of the carrying value of the Organisation's invest- from year to year, the primary areas of interaction ment in its wholly owned subsidiary companies with industry are Advanced Materials, Environ- Enviromet Limited and Pluteus Limited to nil, at a mental Science and Nuclear Technology with cost of $1,667,644. Enviromet Limited, the main Applications of Nuclear Physics being a strong trading company, had not performed satisfacto- growth area. rily since its aquisition in 1991 and had relied on financial support from Ansto to remain solvent. Cost of Services Action has commenced to dispose of both companies. This matter is fully reported in Note 7 (c) Expenditure was broadly in line with the Ansto to the Financial Statements attached to this re- Strategic Plan and relevant approved business port. The broad profile of the operating cost of the tional Medical Cyclotron. The focus now is on Organisation is presented in Figure 3. improving the site infrastucture and replacement of obsolete equipment. Capital Expenditure Major capital expenditure included: Within the framework of triennium funding, Ansto Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer $1.259M has in place a three year capital investment Site security upgrade S0.487M program which will ensure appropriate capital National Medical Cyclotron S0.443M replacement, refurbishment and maintenance to AUSANS S0.335M ensure that the quality of research is enhanced. Tandem accelerator $0.117M Considerable progress has been made in the last Site services upgrade S0.467M few years in the construction of the Tandem Plant and equipment upgrade $4.395M Accelerator, the Australian Small Angle Neutron Buildings and works S4.207M Scattering Instrument (AUSANS) and the Na-

Figure 2 Ansto Interaction with Private Sector Companies 1992-93 50

n 30 CD cn ro c 20 CD O CD °- 10

Small SME Large Exporters>$2M No of companies - 212 (Australian Radioisotopes Clients not included) Companies with exports in excess of S2M pa account for 41% of companies. 46 Financial Statements Figure 3 Ansto Operating Expenses 1992-93 In compliance with the requirements of Section 63M(1) of the Audit Act, Group financial state- (9.2%) Australian Radioisotopes ments were prepared for the year ended 30 June 1993. The Group comprises Ansto, the wholly (17.2%) National Facilities owned subsidiary companies Enviromet Limited and Pluteus Limited and Australian (21.5%) Corporate Services Supercomputing Technology, a controlled entity. (Includes Scientific Library and These statements are presented in this report Computing) and comprise Statements of Financial Position, Operation and Cash Flow, including Notes to and (18.6%) R&DSupport forming part of the Financial Statements. In (Includes Engineering and compliance with the requirements of Section Health and Safety) 63M (2) these statements were submitted to the Auditor-General. The report of the Australian National Audit Office in regard to these State- ments is presented immediately following the (33.5%) Research Programs Financial Statements in this report. CORPORATE ANSTO HEALTH AND SAFETY

Outcomes

The outcomes of this program are in large part evaluated by the Safety Review Com- mittee which, in its 1991/92 annual report commented, "The activities of the Occupa- Objectives tional Health & Safety Program appear to be effective in achieving safety consciousness * To ensure a safe and healthy working among the workforce and in maintaining a environment for employees. good record in health and safety matters. Nonetheless, the SRC notes that continuing * To ensure that all staff and any other people attention to safety matters is essential to using Ansto's facilities are adequately trained ensure that the present good safety record is in Occupational Health and Safety. maintained or enhanced." Accidents &lncidents To monitor and control the exposure of all people on site to chemical and radioactive There were 174 reports of accidents and agents. incidents of which 128 occurred in the work place, the remaining 46 reports involved * To ensure that members of the public are injuries received travelling to work and 47 not put at risk as a result of operations at lunchtime sport and incidents where there Ansto. was no injury. The figures below refer to incidents involving injury. *To utililise the program capabilities for the All accidents and incidents are investigated benefit of Australian industry. and remedial action implemented.

NATURE OF INJURY ACCIDENT FACTOR

Open wound and laceration 29 Slip, trip or fall 30 Bruising with skin intact 12 Manually handling objects 25 Foreign bodies in various sites 4 Struck by moving or falling objects 13 Crushing injuries 5 Stepping on or bumping against Sprains and strains 63 fixed/stationary objects 10 Fractures and dislocations 2 Vehicles 4 Burns (heat or corrosive) 4 Hand tools or machinery 21 Radiation exposure/contamination 6 Electricity 2 Chemical or dust 1 Radioactive materials 6 Other 8 Flames and hot substances 1 Total 134 Chemicals 6 Other 16 Total 134 utes. Members of the Local Liaison Working Party and the Safety Review Committee attended as observers.

Radiation Dosimetry Staff Training

In 1992/3,698 staff were individually moni- In the Health and Safety training program, tored for exposure to ionising radiation; no emphasis was placed on entrenching the member exceeded the statutory annual limit perception of a safety culture, particularly (proposed by the NHMRC) of 20 millisieverts for supervisors, managers and building (20mSv). wardens. More than 300 staff participated in this program in some 27 safety related In maintaining a system of review of work courses. practices, procedures and equipment design, Ansto strives to ensure that all expo- Discharges sures to radiation are as low as reasonably achievable. To that end, a self imposed Liquid effluent discharges from Lucas notional annual limit of 15mSv has been set Heights Research Laboratories to the Wa- for whole body exposure. One individual ter Board sewerage system continued to exceeded this operational limit in 1992/93 meet the stringent requirements of the Wa- with an exposure of 15.4mSv. ter Board Trade Waste Agreement conditions and the NSW Radioactive Substances Emergency Response Regulations.

At three-monthly intervals, the Local Liai- Airborne waste generated in the laborato- son Working Party consisting of Ansto, ries is filtered prior to it being discharged to 48 NSW and Local Government representa- the atmosphere under an authorisation tives met to review and update the emer- granted by the NSW Radiological Advisory gency response plans for the Lucas Heights Council. All airborne discharges were be- Research Laboratories. A similar commit- low the limits specified by the State Authori- tee is preparing a plan for the National ties. Medical Cyclotron at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown. Both plans will be Samples of the storm water discharges issued during 1993. These reviews were from Lucas Heights are collected after rain- required under the provisions of the NSW fall and monitored to ensure they comply State Emergency and Rescue Act, 1989 but with the standards of the NSW Clean Wa- until the completion of the revised emer- ters Regulations. These samples, taken gency plans, the previous arrangements from different points around the Lucas remain in effect. Heights site always exhibit a radioactive content which is substantially less than the Emergency Exercise maxima permitted by the NSW Regula- tions. A HIFAR Emergency Exercise was undertaken on 8 December 1992 and was consid- Occupational ered an unqualified success. Response ac- Health & Safety tions were performed expeditiously and all (Com monwealth aspects of the exercise, including fire-fight- Employment) ing, evacuation, head counts and the res- Act 1 991 cue of a missing, presumed injured, person were satisfactorily completed within 30 min- Workplace arrangements for occupational health and safety required under the Act OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES have all been implemented. This has included the identification of Designated Work All persons employed by the Organi- Groups, the election of Safety Representa- sation are accountable for occupa- tives and Deputies, and the establishment tional health and safety by virtue of of reconstituted Workplace Health & Safety the provisions of the Act. Committees. Employees will ensure that by their Regulations under section 68 were promul- actions they do not place at risk any gated in January 1993 and came into effect other person working at Ansto, and on 29 July 1993. There was one report to shall take all practical steps to coop- Comcare under section 68(1)c(report of a erate with management to the extent dangerous occurrence); a fire due to an necessary to ensure compliance with electrical fault occurred in a laboratory in the provisions of the Act. Building 3. There were no injuries nor abnormal exposure to ionising radiation or Employees will make proper use of toxic chemicals. all appropriate safeguards, safety devices and personal protective equip- There were no requirements to take action ment provided by management, and under Section 30,45,46 or 47. in addition, follow safe working practices and directives as published and Occupational Health agreed to by the parties. and Safety Policy Supervisors at every level of the Or- In compliance with the requirements of the ganisation are responsible for ensur- Occupational Health and Safety (Common- ing that operations are undertaken in wealth Employment) Act 1991 revised policy accordance with authorised proce- statement is as follows: dures, and that staff are appropriately trained in these operations and are 49 Ansto's commitment to the occupational made aware of occupational health health and safety of its staff, and for the and safety aspects of the work under- safety of the general public is unequivocal taken. and is stated in the Strategic Plan. Ansto recognises its obligations under the Occupa- 6. In the absence of a supervisor in a tional Health and Safety (Commonwealth workplace, the responsibility for ar- Employment) Act 1991, and the Common- rangements passes to the next high- wealth Employees' Rehabilitation and Com- est level of management. pensation Act 1988. Accordingly, the following Occupational Health and Safety Policy and Occupational Rehabilitation Policy have MONITORING ARRANGEMENTS been developed in full consultation with unions representing staff. The occupational health and safety aspects of all operations, plant and GENERAL apparatus, including building construction and modifications, capable 1. The Executive Director as the chief of affecting the health and safety of executive of the Organisation, has the staff and public shall be subject to statutory obligation under the OH&S; safety assessment whilst being Act to ensure that the health and safety planned, and shall be monitored of the staff is protected. To this end, throughout the duration of their op- the Executive Director will ensure that eration. the provisions of the Act are implemented at Ansto. 8. The exposure of persons working at the Lucas Heights Research Labora- of an OH&S Agreement which sets tories to chemical and physical agents out appropriate arrangements for will be controlled and monitored so management/union involvement as that such exposure will be kept within prescribed by the Act. safe levels as established by legislation, codes of practice, and other in- OBLIGATIONS ternational and national practice. OF CONTRACTORS

12. Contractor and other persons working on Ansto's behalf are responsible for the maintenance of a safe working

One of the American nuclear powered vessels on a visit to an Australian port.

50 CONSULTATIVE MECHANISMS environment. Accordingly, all such persons will be made aware of their 9. Management and unions will ensure obligations under the Act, and shall that an appropriate level of coopera- be issued with all relevant safety di- tion and consultation on OH&S matters rectives, procedural manuals and inis maintained. This will be achieved formation circulars. through a formal structure comprised of: Health and Safety Committees REHABILITATION (representing each Designated Work Group), the Central Safety Coordinat- 13. Where there is a requirement for ing Committee, and the Ansto Peak workplace rehabilitation of staff, this Council. shall be undertaken through an approved case management program 10. Health and Safety Representatives and in accordance with the Ansto Reha- Deputies shall be elected to represent bilitation Policy. This policy has been the staff of each Designated Work endorsed by unions and is overseen Group and will discharge thoir respon- by the Central Safety Coordinating sibilities in accordance with the provi- Committee. The policy recognises sions of the Act and with reference to the principles adopted by COMCARE guidelines agreed to by the parties. for the provision of occupational rehabilitation for Commonwealth Em- 11. Management and unions will ensure ployees under the Commonwealth full cooperation and consultation on Employees' Rehabilitation and Com- OH&S matters by the implementation pensation Act 1988. Nuclear Powered on nuclear powered vessels during the entire Warships period of their visit to an Australian port. Monitoring consists of providing the neces- The Health and Safety staff participate in sary trained staff to set up and operate equip- port exercises and in the validation and train- ment to measure radiation levels emanating ing activities conducted at the Australian from the vessel and to respond effectively to Counter Disaster College at Mt Macedon, alarms produced by the monitoring process. Victoria. The effectiveness and capabilities The monitors would also supervise emer- of emergency plans have been tested in gency arrangements in collaboration with Perth, Darwin, Hobart and Melbourne. State or Territory Governments. Nuclear The Health and Safety Program is responsi- powered warships' activities for the year ble for the provision of a monitoring service were as follows:

Date Vessel/Activity Port/Location 3-7 August 1992 USS Drum (Sub) Townsville 2-5 Dec 1992 USS Omaha (Sub) Melbourne 14-17 Dec! 992 USS Omaha (Sub) Brisbane 29 Dec 1992 - 2 Jan1993 USS Topeka (Sub) Perth 6-10Jan1993 USS Topeka (Sub) Hobart 28 Feb-5 March1993 Port Validation Darwin, Townsviiie, Gladstone 2-7 March 1993 USS Truxton (Cru) Melbourne 17-18 March 1993 Port Validation JervisBay 25-31 March 1993 USS Houston (Sub) Darwin 11 -31 May 1993 HMS Triumph (Sub) Perth 28 May - 2 June 1993 USS Bremarton (Sub) Perth

51 Safety and Reliability Centre The Centre provides a range of safety and The Centre participated in the IAEA's Coor- reliability analysis services to Ansto, runs dinated Research Project (CRP) on Reliabil- courses on reliability engineering, and in iiy Data for Research Reactor, acquiring association with the Australian Centre for failure data from HIFAR and developing Advanced Risk and Reliability Engineering analytical techniques which are currently provides a commercial consultancy to Indus- being used by all ten countries participating try. More than 40% of its income is derived in the CRP. The Program has taken a lead- from such consultancies. ing role in developing computer software applicable to reactor reliability. Its services to nuclear issues have included examinations of the safety and reliability As an outcome of a commercial project to aspects of the Australian Small Angle Neu- assess the environmental risk associated tron Scattering facility, the Silicon Irradiation with coal-fired power stations, the Centre Facility and HIFAR's fire detection and sup- has developed a flexible software package pression systems. The program has also for a wide range of environmental risk as- reviewed an earlier study of the reliability of sessment issues. It has recently entered the HIFAR shutdown protection system, as into an agreement with the National well as providing assistance to the HIFAR Taskforce on Hazardous Industry and Land- and MOATA reactor operators, the Nuclear Use Safety Planning to develop techniques Safety Unit and to the National Medical for preliminary environmental risk assess- Cyclotron. ment of proposed industrial developments. CORPORATE ANSTO HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Objectives

* To negotiate and implement an Enterprise extra claims undertaking" included in the (Productivity) Bargaining Agreement. agreement excluded economic adjustments. There will be no supplementation from Gov- * To negotiate further flexibility agreements ernment to meet the increases and there will to enhance the shiftwork operations. be no reduction in resources now directed to plant and equipment or capital projects. * To develop and enhance the Career Ad- vancement System. The Agreement sets up a three level bargaining framework comprising: * To negotiate a pay for performance scheme 52 * A Joint Consultative Committee (JCC) * To raise the profile of Equal Employment established as a forum for all parties to Opportunity including social justice issues. consult at general Ansto/Union level;

* To provide personnel management and * A Joint Working Party established as a audit devolved operations. subcommittee of the JCC and comprising nominated members of that Committee; Outcomes- Enterprise Bargaining * Workplace Reform Committees established in all Programs to develop proposals Following lengthy negotiations with unions aimed at improving productivity, quality, on 17 December 1992 the Industrial Rela- operating economy and effectiveness. The tions Commission certified, under Section agreement establishes these committees 134C (3) of the Industrial Relations Act, the with a wide charter and in an appropriate Ansto (Enterprise Bargaining and Produc- relationship with program management. tivity Enhancement) Agreement 1992. The agreement is being implemented in four Ansto has made a positive approach to stages spread over the period to December enterprise based bargaining similar to its 1994. earlier approach to the structural efficiency process. In pursuing enterprise based re- The agreement provides benchmarks for form the Organisation has given regard to the implementation of measures aimed at the central themes of enterprise bargaining enhancing the productivity of Ansto and the viz: quality and relevance of its output. The "no (a) Linking pay increases and the reform of in the development of policy and monitoring the workplace to reduced unit cost of labour of health and safety issues in the working inputs, improved 'quality' of the inputs and environment. increased productivity and flexibility. Personnel (b) Structuring a workplace to meet the Management and demands of competitiveness. Industrial Relations

(c) Decentralising the bargaining process Human Resource Management has contin- and changing the role of industrial tribunals. ued to provide high level personnel support both within Ansto and the partnership ven- The negotiation of a universal pay for per- tures of Tracerco and Australian formance scheme is continuing. This is Supercomputing Technology. Responsibil- seen as an integral part of the enterprise ity was also assumed for staff transferring bargaining outcomes. from AINSE and separate pay arrangements were established for staff of the Nuclear The agreement has been in place for seven Safety Bureau. Computerised Personnel months and progress with its implementa- and Long Service Leave modules were im- tion is on schedule. Significant advances plemented. have been made in identifying where there is the need for real reform and in imple- No timewaslost throughout the yearthrough menting it. industrial disputes. Increased use was made of the Board of Reference provisions under The operation of Peak Council is a feature of the Ansto Award which provided both a cost- the Ansto Award. It continues to be effective effective and a viable arbitration forum.

STAFF NUMBERS AT 30 JUNE 1993

Full Time Full Time Part time Part Time Male Female Male Female

Executive Director 1 Senior Management 16 1 Professional Officer 144 30 Research Scientist 95 13 Technical Officer 243 24 Administrative Services Officer 37 83 2 12 Craftsperson 105 5 2 35 TOTAL 641 156 5 49 Total staff: 851 (646 male, 205 female) No of Temporary staff: 9 (included in figure of 851) Corporate Executive Information Band 3 Corporate Executive - 3 full time male, 1 full time female Band 2 Corporate Executive - 5 full time male Band 1 Corporate Executive - 8 full time male ORPORATE ANSTO LIBRARY fiche acquisition. Work also continued in extending the computerised library system to control the circulation of library material through the application of barcode technology. Access to the Australian Academic During the year, the Ansto Library conducted Research Network (AARNet) was estab- reviews of the journal and the microfiche lished, providing further opportunities to report collections. Both reviews provided a improve communication facilities as well as mechanism to focus library collection to extend the range of information re- activities on the research and commercial sources available to the Organisation. The activities of the scientific Programs. Library also assisted the Research Reactor Subscription arrangements were modified Review by providing community access to and new procedures put in place for micro- Review submissions and documentation.

CORPORATE ANSTO EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

Outcome s

A new EEO Plan was prepared and approved by the Public Service Commissioner. 54 The Program is operational for the period to 30 June 1996. A significant feature of the Program is the requirement for all staff who exercise a supervisory function to include Objectives matters associated with the implementation of EEO in their area among their work * To ensure that Equal Employment Op- objectives. portunity (EEO) principles and practices are incorporated with all people management EEO data were collated and is now held in activities in Ansto. a database. Matching the data on non- English speaking target groups indicates * To ensure the structures and processes to that Ansto compares favourably, in num- implement EEO in Ansto adjust to changing bers and salary distribution, with the overall employment needs. Australian labour force. Representation in the People with Disabilities and Aboriginal * To confirm and communicate the vision and Torres Strait islander Australians target that Ansto's employment activities reflect group is adequate. Women are overly repre- the social justice needs of the1990's. sented in the administrative occupational group but are significantly under represented in the remaining occupational groups. The * To ensure that Ansto provides a good table below shows a skewed distribution of example of EEO practice through imple- women in the lower salary ranges due to menting policies and measures for women under representation in the more highly paid and members of designated groups. scientific field. SUMMARY OF EEO STATISTICS AS AT 30 JUNE 1993

TOTAL STAFF = 851 Number Percentage Average employed of total staff salary

Women 205 24% $28,868# Men 646 76% $41,555# # Average salary differential = $12,687

TOTAL STAFF WITH EEO DATA = 388 Number Average employed salary

PWD* 33 $41,051 ATSI* 3 $30,773 NESB* 165 $42,750 * PWD - People with disabilities * ATSI - Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Australians * NESB - Non English speaking background

CO RPO R ATE ANSTO COMPUTINGS CENTRE Objectives

* To maximise the efficiency of the use of 55 Information Technology by Ansto Supercomputing Technology (AST). Novell networking system, to integrate all Ansto's * To provide and support the infrastructure to computing systems, was introduced during deliver cost-effective computing to Ansto the year. Personal computers (IBM compat- and its clients ible and Apple Macintosh) can now transfer files to and from multi-user Unix mainframe, * To provide an environment which encour- mini computers and workstations as well as ages strategic basic research into Informa- connecting to those machines using termi- tion Technology nal emulations. This integration also provides access to site, national and international Outcomes email and news from a personal computer in the network. This system will result in con- The Computing Centre has facilitated fur- siderable cost savings due the sharing of ther consolidation of the Ansto Financial and licenses for personal computers. Involve- Information System including the integra- ment with research programs has assisted tion and development of more functions, the Computing Centre to achieve their corn- Availability on all computer systems was mercial goals. A research and development good throughout the year. With the increas- contractwith Fujitsu Japan, arranged through ing numbers of personal computers attached AST, has established our credentials in to the network the efficiency and reliability of supercomputing while a number of projects the network is of considerable importance, with research divisions using scientific visu- The Centre continues to provide operational alisation has increased our knowledge and and developmental support to Australian skills in that area. CORPORATE ANSTO SECURITY Objectives Outcomes

*To maintain at the Lucas Heights Research During the past year the security system Laboratories adequate physical protection around the reactor has been upgraded to measures to ensure protection of the nu- maintain Ansto's commitment to interna- clear facilities and materials, classified and tional standards of physical protection of sensitive information and appropriate se- nuclear plant and inventory. After consulta- curity vetting of staff and contractors tion with the Australian Safeguards Office, it was decided to construct a new fence * To upgrade technology of security to around the HIFAR environs together with lessen the dependence on human resources improved systems for electronic detection and surveillance. It is anticipated that the full upgrade program will not be completed for another yea

CORPORATE ANSTO FRAUD CONTROL Objectives Outcomes

* Ansto fraud control strategy enforces the During the year a review of our fraud control practices of assets accountability, together plan was undertaken. The review confirmed with the prevention and detection of fraud. adequate controls and procedures are in place to provide a low risk environment and to limit losses from fraud to a less than significant level. Major progress was made 56 towards the development of a code of conduct for employees. There were no losses due to fraud reported during the year.

CORPORATE ANSTO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS

Ansto operates an energy efficiency plan * The fitting of timers to selected air condi- aimed at reducing energy usage by 5% in tioning and hot water systems the 1993/94 financial year with further re- ductions in 1994/95 and 1995/96. * The selection of fuel-efficient vehicles for use by Ansto The plan includes the following features: * The reduction in energy consumption by * The installation of consumption meters in 15% over a 5 year period. buildings with high energy demands

* The conducting of energy audits

* The inclusion of energy efficiency criteria in new building and plant specification CORPORATE ANSTO TRAINING

Outcomes- Objectives Internal training

* To design, develop and deliver relevant Internal training activities focused on and timely education and training pro- the areas of safety and management grams for Ansto staff to increase their training. Approved tertiary courses were ability to operate in an efficient and safe supported with study leave and, where manner. appropriate, staff were reimbursed for higher education contributions.Delivery * To engage in education and training of subjects in the Diploma in Technol- joint initiatives with industry and aca- ogy management commenced in March. 57 demic institutions which further the cor- Subject matter was formulated after a porate objectives of the organisation, comprehensive skills audit and priority particularly in contributing to Australia's was given to quality assurance, health industrial innovation and environmen- and safety management, financial and tal and health management. human resource management and computing skills. The Diploma, devel- * To design, develop and deliver spe- oped in conjunction with Caltex, ICI and cialist radiation protection and occupa- the University of Western Sydney, has tional health and safety courses for Aus- been acknowledged by industry, edu- tralian industrial, academic, medical and cationalists and government as an ex- public sector organisations. citing initiative, combining university ac- creditation with industry driven training programs.

Participation in scientific conferences and seminars continues to be an important element in professional development. Commercial Community Training Activities Programs

The industrial community continued to ex- Community service training activities press a growing interest in radiation protec- included the provision of staff and facili- tion courses as evidenced by the thirty six ties for the Young Achiever Program courses held during the year, generating and participation in the Technology High revenue of $180,500. Safety in Laborato- Schools Links with Industry Program. Scholarships were awarded to top qu al- ries courses were held throughout Australia ity students in several universities, the and New Zealand, generating revenue of students working at Ansto during the $59,500 and a further $26,000 was earned summer vacation. from the four-day Nuclear Science for Sci- ence Teachers course and miscellaneous Training Guarantee activities such as the hire of Ansto Training (Administration) Act 1980 facilities. In accordance with the Training Guarantee International Activity (Administration) Act 1980, training at Ansto is undertaken within a framework of objec- A course on Internal Dosimetry, attended by tives and outcomes. Ansto exceeded the 16 participants from member countries, was 1.5% minimum training requirement for the conducted for the IAEA/RCA. period.

Total annual payroll for TGA purposes $33,444,323 Amount of minimum training requirement $501,665 58 Average Staffing Level for 1992/93 842 Total number of staff days spent on training or attending seminars, conferences or symposia 2,400

The categories of the training programs are shown. They are all eligible under the Act except where indicated. No. of staff Staff attending training courses days

Safety courses 321 535 HIFAR specific training 50 334 Diploma in Technology Management (includes computing, OH&S and QA subjects) 83 345 Computing courses, including the Diploma 114 267 Quality Assurance courses, including the Diploma 53 153 Management courses other than the Diploma 273 414 Science and engineering seminars and conferences (not all eligible under the Act) 201 560 FREEDOM OF INFORMATION

In compliance with Section 8 of the Freedom of The Nuclear Medicine Liaison Committee, es- Information Act1982, the following is the annual tablished in 1986. provides for interaction and statement on consultative arrangements, cat- collaboration between Ansto and its clients in the egories of documents maintained and facilities nuclear medicine community. and procedures for access to documents relating to Ansto. A Central Safety Coordinating Committee assists in the development, review and implementation This statement is correct June 1992. of Ansto's occupational health and safety policies. Membership includes representatives from Arrangement s f or unions and staff associations, the NSW Labor External Participation Council and Ansto.

Bodies Appointed Ansto/State Government Under the Ansto Act Arrangements

The Safety Review Committee, consisting of a Ansto, located in New South Wales, liaises with chairperson and four members, is appointed by a range of NSW departments and authorities and reports to, the Minister. The majority of responsible for safety, environmental planning members are not Ansto staff. and related matters. Ansto has collaborative agreements with the states of Western Australia The Nuclear Safety Bureau which is responsible and Queensland. to the Minister for monitoring and reviewing the safety of the nuclear plant operated by Ansto and Associated Organisation for providing technical advice to the Common- wealth on the safety of the nuclear plant. The Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, an association of Ansto and 26 59 Liaison Groups universities, arranges access for staff and students of Australian universities and institutes of Program Advisory Committees for each of Ansto's technology to the national facilities at Ansto. major Program areas assist in the assessment' and evaluation of research and development Other Arrangements activities. Members are drawn from industry, commerce, government, academia and Ansto Less formal arrangements exist for discussions, staff. exchanges of view and/or collaboration with organisations outside the Commonwealth admin- The Local Liaison Working Party established in istration including municipal and shire councils, 1967, is comprised of representatives from the universities, standards bodies, professional so- NSW Police, NSW Ambulance, NSW Board of cieties, unions and staff associations, industrial Fire Commissioners, NSW State Emergency groups and international nuclear agencies. Services, NSW Environment Protection Author- ity, NSW Department of Planning, the Suther- Categories of land Shire Council and Ansto, and reviews pro- Documents held cedures in the event of an accident at the Lucas Heights Research Laboratories which could have Computer software packages, computer print- implications for the public. outs, technical books and reports, and Interna- tional Nuclear Information System; documents The Local Liaison Forum, established in 1985, are available for purchase. Single copies of facilitates an exchange of views and information Ansto Technology, Ansto News, Annual Reports, between the local community and Ansto. Programs of Research, Strategic Plans, pro- motional literature and videos (under loan ar- relation to — rangements) are available on request. (i) nuclear science and nuclear technology; (ii) the production and use of radioisotopes, and Documents relating to decision making proc- the use of isotopic techniques and nuclear esses include Cabinet documents about mat- radiation, for medicine, science, industry, com- ters in which Ansto has an interest, ministerial merce and agriculture and; correspondence and directions, Ansto Board (iii) such other matters as the Minister directs. agenda, memoranda and decisions, deeds, legal contracts, minutes, submissions, delega- (b) to encourage and facilitate the application tions, security, finance and accounting hand- and utilisation of the results of such research and books and manuals. development.

General correspondence includes ministerial (ba) to condition, manage and store radioactive briefs, speeches, conference papers for national materials and radioactive waste, arising from: and international meetings, parliamentary (i) the Organisation's activities (including the questions and answers, cables, telexes, facsimi- production of radioactive materials for other per- les and general records files. Technical docu- sons); or ments held include scientific and technical reports (ii) the activities of companies in which the Or- and laboratory notes comprising patents and ganisation holds a controlling interest (including inventions, computer tapes and printouts, plant the production of radioactive materials for other and equipment operating manuals, maintenance, persons); or quality assurance and safety manuals, reactor (iii) the use by other persons of radioactive operating authorisations, records and log books, materials produced by the Organisation or such radioisotope quality control procedures manuals, companies; or radioisotope inquiries, catalogues and price lists, (iv) the activities of other persons who are engineering service general records, nuclear specified in the regulations. material movement vouchers and accounting records, and photographs and radiographs. (c) to provide and sell goods (whether produced Health and Safety related documents include by the Organisation or purchased or otherwise 60 staff medical records, safety related survey acquired) and services: records, film badge and radiological records, (i) in connection with the production and use of accident reports and emergency response pro- radioisotopes, and the use of isotopic techniques cedures. and nuclear radiation, for medicine, science, industry, commerce and agriculture; or Administration documents held include person- (ia) in connection with the conditioning, man- nel records, staff promotion files, organisation agement and storage of radioactive materials or and establishment reports, compensation files, radioactive waste; or word processor disc systems for administrative (ii) otherwise in connection with matters related instructions and information storage, staff lists to its activities. and classifications, accounting records, pay-roll, flexitime and overtime records, tender and con- (d) to act as a means of liaison between Australia tract documents, building plans specifications and other countries in matters related to its and instructions, directives, orders, memoranda, activities. bulletins and notices. Other documents held include drawing office records such as plans, (e) to provide advice on aspects of nuclear microfilms drawings, maps and photographs. science and nuclear technology and other matters related to its activities. Functions of the Organisation (ea) to make available to other persons, on a SECTION 5.(1) The functions of the Organisa- commercial basis the knowledge, expertise, tion are:- equipment and facilities of the Organisation by: (a) to undertake research and development in (i) providing training and management expertise; or (3) In undertaking its functions, the Organisation (ii) selling or leasing equipment; or is to have regard to: (iii) leasing land and facilities; or (iv) taking any other action that the Organisation (a) the Commonwealth Government's national thinks appropriate. science, technology and energy policy objectives; and (f) to co-operate with appropriate authorities of the Commonwealth, the States and the territo- (b) the Commonwealth Government's commer- ries, and with other organisations and institutions cialisation objectives for public research institu- in Australia or elsewhere, in matters related to its tions. activities. Subject to Section 4 (3) of the Amendment Act (g) to publish scientific and technical reports, for the purposes of paragraph 5 (I) (ba) of the periodicals and papers on matters related to its Principal Act as amended, any radioactive mate- activities. rial or radioactive waste that is stored on the Organisation's premises is taken to be radioac- (h) to collect and sell or distribute, as appropri- tive material and radioactive waste arising from ate, information and advice on matters related to the Organisation's activities. its activities. Section 4 (3) of the Amendment Act provides that (j) to arrange for training, and the establishment on and after 5 February 1995, the above provi- and award of scientific research studentships sion does not apply to any radioactive material or and fellowships, in matters related to its activities. radioactive waste that is the subject of order 3 of the orders made in the Land and Environment (k) to make grants in aid of research into matters Court of New South Wales on 5 February 1992 related to its activities. in the matter of the Council of the Shire of Sutherland v. the Australian Nuclear Science 61 (m) to make arrangements with universities and and Technology Organisation. other educational research institutions, professional bodies and other persons for the conduct General Powers of of research or of other activities in matters re- t he Organisation lated to its activities. SECTION6.(1) Subject to this Act, the Organisa- (1A) A regulation made for the purposes of tion has power to do all things necessary or subparagraph convenient to be done for or in connection with (l)(ba)(iv) must not have the effect of authorising the performance of its functions and, in particu- the premises on which the Lucas Heights Re- lar, has power- search Laboratories are situated to become a national nuclear waste repository. fa) to enter into contracts;

(IB) In subsection (IA) national nuclear waste (b) to acquire, hold and dispose of real or personal repository means a site chosen by the Common- property; wealth, after the commencement of this subsection, for the storage of nuclear waste with a (c) to occupy, use and control any land or building view to it never being moved to another site. owned or held under lease by the Commonwealth and made available for the purposes of the (2) The Organisation shall not undertake re- Organisation; search or development into the design or production of nuclear weapons or other nuclear (d) to erect buildings and structures and carry out explosive devices. works; (e) to form, or participate in the formation of, a Facilit ies for Access company or partnership; Freedom of Information reading facilities can be (f) to appoint agents and attorneys, and to act as provided in the Reception and Information Cen- an agent for other persons; tre at the entrance to Lucas Heights Research Laboratories. Other arrangements for access (g) to engage persons to perform services for the may be made by communicating with the Man- Organisation; ager, Corporate Affairs. Written requests for access to documents under FOI should be ad- (h) to design, produce, construct and operate dressed initially to Mr John Studdert, Manager equipment and facilities; and Corporate Affairs, Ansto,

(1) to do anything incidental to any of its powers. Private Mail Bag 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. The General Manager Scientific, General Man- (2) The powers of the Organisation may be ager Corporate, General Manager Commercial exercised within or outside Australia. and the Director, External Affairs have been appointed as authorised officers under Section 23 of the FOI Act.

CONSULTANCIES

During the year a number of people were engaged under consultancy arrangements, 62 these included:

Consultant Purpose

Chi-Piu Lo Support for Environmental Science Program Jullian Lethlean Support for Environmental Science Program Han Ying Cheng Support for Environmental Science Program Scott Markich Support for Environmental Science Program Scott Wilson Support for Environmental Science Program Victor Lee Support for Environmental Science Program Myint Zaw Support for Environmental Science Program Philip McCrea Employment Agreement Australian Supercomputing Technology Holzner Consulting Manage activities of Enviromet Ltd Mary O'Neill Support for Cooperative Research Program Joseph Caesar Independent Chairperson for Board of Reference under Ansto Award Woods Centre acts as the incubator building for the Park. It houses three private companies. During the year the occupancy rate has exceeded 90% bringing in rentals which are above the market average and which reflect both the desirability of the location and a successful marketing strategy.

During the year Tetley Manufacturing was secured as the anchor tenant for stage two of the Park. Tetley Manufacturing is a COMMERCIAL science-based company producing the 'Technegas' (technetium-99m) Generator. Objectives The technetium 'gas' produced by the generator is used primarily for the study of lung * To raise Ansto's profile in all Australian function and disease in nuclear medicine LU 0 states. centres. z * To increase industry awareness of Ansto's Tetley Manufacturing and Ansto are col- capabilities. laborating in research programs aimed at achieving a better understanding of the < c: * To assist Programs in the marketing of technology, while exploring new applications 0 their abilities and in the achievement of their for it. By the end of the 1992/93 year, con- revenue targets. struction of a new building for Tetley Manufacturing was almost complete. * To provide a market-driven focus in the a. CL selection, progression and direction of re- A microwave listening tower operated by the search and commercial activities. Department of Transport and Communica- 63 tions has also been established in the Park. * To develop Program commercialisation strategies which target local and export mar- Dr Tony Sala has represented Ansto in kets for the benefit of Australian industry . Perth in the growing commercial interaction and Ansto. between Ansto and Western Australian industry particularly in the areas of mineral * To develop the Business and Technology and oil exploration and education. In Park. Queensland Mr John Humphreys arranged for the signing of a Memorandum of Un- Outcomes derstanding between the Government of that State and Ansto covering future col- During the year Commercial staff have pro- laborative research initiatives. vided assistance to research staff in the marketingoftheirskills and services. Market The Body Protein Monitor, developed at surveys have also been completed for spe- Ansto, has been installed at the Royal cific opportunities which have included ap- Alexandra Hospital for Children in plications for high temperature ceramics, Camperdown, Sydney. Interest in the Monitor the irradiation of topaz, and high tempera- has also been expressed by the USA, Korea ture radiation detecting crystals. and Taiwan as well as in Australia. With increasing awareness of the importance of The development of the Business and Tech- nutrition in patient management, there are nology Park is an integral part of Ansto's good prospects of the Monitor being widely strategy for technology transfer. The A J sold overseas. ARI's major source of radioisotopes is the reactor, HIFAR. However, important radioisotopes such as thallium-201 and gallium- 67 can only be manufactured in cyclotrons. With the commissioning of the National Medical Cyclotron (NMC) by Ansto API now has the capacity to obtain cyclotron produced thallium-201, gallium-67 and other medical radioisotopes locally in amounts BUSINESS OPE RAT IONS AUSTRALIAN RADIOISOTOPES (ARI) ARI aims to manage a profitable, financially large enough for ARI to supply the whole of self sufficient and commercially responsible the Australian market as well as important business by producing and marketing high export markets. Australian produced thal- quality radioisotopes and support services lium-201 was introduced on the market in for application in medicine and industry in June 1993 Gallium-67 from the NMC will be Australia and overseas. introduced by ARI at the beginning of 1994.

The final sales for 1992/93 were $8.566 As a part of ARI's commitment to the im- million. These equate to an encouraging plementation of Total Quality Management, 10% increase over the previous financial workshops were held that will lead to sub- year. The work horse of Australia's nuclear stantial improvements in efficiency, better medicine program and API's largest selling service to customers and reduction in waste, product, the Technetium Generator recorded API's efforts are supported by National In- 64 an increase in sales of over 15%. Other dustry Extension Service grants, radioisotope products such as iodine-131, thallium and cold kits also recorded in- It was a significant year for ARI in that for the creases of 10% to 35%. first time in its history, revenue exceeded the operational charges.This is a major Focussed efforts over the last year by ARI achievement and reflects the effort dedi- have resulted in increased exports. Sales cated to increasing sales, reducing costs continued to improve in New Zealand and and becoming more efficient and competi- Thailand while in the United Kingdom the tive. A preliminary independent investigation sale of industrial radioisotopes more than of API's financial and business structure doubled. In the Philippines, a country with undertaken in June 1993 suggested that which ARI has previously had limited busi- ARI is now economically viable, ness, sales have exceeded expectations. Opportunities also exist in Hong Kong and The undertaking to introduce new products ARI is working to establish a solid base in to nuclear medicine and industry in Australia this country with the hope of increased and South East Asia is continuing with the sales in 93/94. In Taiwan, stringent regula- final stages of a number of agreements tions have made the registration of radioiso- being negotiated. Discussions are also be- tope products difficult. However the regis- ing conducted with potential long term stra- tration of ARI's radioisotope products is now tegic partners that could lead to access to imminent and it is anticipated that ARI will overseas markets such as US and Japan, become an important supplier of radiopharmaceuticals to Taiwan. BUSINESS OPERATIONS AUSTRALIAN SUPER - COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY

High performance computation aids in the analysis of reactions and in understanding the properties of resultant materials. Illus- trated is the final phase of hydration modelled for calcium silicate hydrate - the component giving concrete most of its strength.

65 Australian Supercomputing Technology is a centre with $2m worth of research and de- joint venture between ANSTO and Fujitsu velopment work over a period of five years. Australia, which provides numerical'simu- In the 92/93 year, two projects worth $400k lation and modelling services on a Fujitsu were completed - porting of the Harwell VP2200 supercomputer. The centre, which mathematical subroutine library, and the commenced operations in December 1991, production of educational material for users is the largest commercial supercomputer of the VP machines. operation in the country and is located in the ANSTO Technology Park. The 92/93 year Discussions are under way in relation to was the first full year of operation, during several other Fujitsu funded research and which time the operational and business development projects. A number of col- aspects of the centre were put into place. laborative arrangements have been established with research organisations, the most The centre is however still in start-up mode, notable being; the Sydney Regional Scien- and in order to gain operational experience, tific Visualisation Laboratory which provides machine time was made available at nomi- user access to high quality visualisation nal rates to university researchers, the facilities and the AARNet connection which intention being that the universities become allows researchers from remote locations fee paying customers in due course. access to Australian Supercomputing Tech- nology. As part of the partnership agreement, Fujitsu Japan has been contracted to provide the BUSINESS OPERATIONS E N V I R O M E T Enviromet Ltd. and its related entity Pluteus porting of data. A large number of analyses (230) Pty Ltd are wholly owned subsidiary of precious metals in ores were carried out companies, and were purchased in 1991. using the fire assay technique.The analyti- The Ansto Board, in making the decision to cal laboratories which specialise in low level purchase the companies had two objectives, chemical analysis have offered a wide range Firstly to transfer the more routine analytical of services to industry and to government activities which were being carried out by instrumentalities and regulatory agencies. Ansto's Environmental Science Program to The high quality of the analyses provided a 'commercial' company and, secondly, to has been recognised and the work has provide a vehicle for the efficient transfer of continued to finalise the NATA registration Ansto's technology in this important envi- of the full range of analytical procedures ronmental area. The activities of the com- used by the Company, pany centre on services to Government authorities and the provision of analytical The analytical division of Enviromet achieved services on a wide range of materials such consistent profitability in its operations after as ores, plants, soil, water, manufactured posting a loss in the previous year. The products, metals, alloys etc. forthe detection metallurgical division also recorded a sig- of every element at trace and macro levels nificant improvement in performance. Un- using instrumental methods. fortunately the environmental division continued to operate at a significant loss, in During the past year Enviromet, has through part due to the very competitive nature of the its Metallurgical Division, continued to un- market for its services. The Board of dertake project work for mining companies, Enviromet initiated a restructuring of the covering the initial design of test programs, company which led to significant savings in through the testing phase, to the analysis of operating costs, mineral products, and assessment and re- 66

BUSINESS OPERATIONS TRACERCO Tracerco Australasia is a partnership be- nesia and Taiwan will give overseas activi- tween Ansto and ICI Australia Operations ties increased momentum. Pty Ltd. It is a fully commercial operation whose business is concerned with applying Business activity in 1993 has been pre- radioisotope technology to the solution of dominantly in oil and gas production (32%), problems in industrial process plants. oil refining (40%) the chemical industry (14%) and mineral processing (11 %). The value of The Company is located at Lucas Heights in services provided in 1993 is approximately premises rented from Ansto, but carries out four times that of 1989, the first year of projects on clients' work-sites throughout operation of the business and the records Australia, New Zealand and now increas- show a consistent growth over this four- ingly in S.E.Asia. year period.

Besides having the advantages of technical Most of the business has been in mainland input from Ansto and commercial input from Australia (85%) where work was carried out ICI Australia, Tracerco Australasia is also in all states and in the Northern Territory. directly associated with the ICI Tracerco However, a useful start was made with group of companies which offer radioiso- projects in Malaysia and Taiwan and further tope services internationally. The recently- overseas projects are already scheduled. concluded cooperation agreements in Indo- ASSO C I ATE D ORGAN IS ATI O N S

AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (AINSE)

AINSE is a consortium of 26 Australian reserves of $1,195,000 will be held in trust universities in partnership with Ansto. Es- for the university members of AINSE. Ansto tablished to carry out research in nuclear will match future university subscriptions on energy and to undertake training in the nu- a 2:1 basis and absorb much of AINSE's clear field, AINSE's emphasis has shifted administrative costs, towards the applications of radiation and radioisotopes utilising nuclear techniques Jointly with Ansto and the University of which can only be provided through access Sydney, AINSE has attracted an ARC Grant to the nuclear and other special facilities at of $200,000 for accelerator mass Ansto. Through a program of grants, spectrometry projects in 1993. Thecalen- studentships and fellowships, university re- daryear1992wasthelastyeartobefinanced searchers, together with Ansto staff, under- under AINSE's former structure. Income of take projects of scientific and commercial $1,603,000 was made up of $819,000 in significance. AINSE plays a major part in annual membership subscriptions from the the information exchange process by organ- universities and Ansto on a 50:50 basis, and ising national conferences. $468,000 was provided by Ansto as a contribution for research and training. $126,000 In recent years there have been great was received from external grants and changes in the management of government $189,000fromothersources. Furtherequity 67 research organisations and the universities of $100,000 in the Australian Small Angle which have forced a major restructuring of Neutron Scattering instrument on HIFAR AINSE. The objective has been to achieve was obtained from an ARC Large Equipment more effective interaction between Aristo Grant, researchers and universities. A new policy has been adopted for AINSE in which spe- The number of projects supported by AINSE cialist committees, which review applica- continues to increase, reaching 124 in 1992. lions for AINSE grants, will have an en- 22 PhD candidates at Australian universities hanced role in the research performance, held AINSE Post-graduate Studentships or The AINSE Council will determine policy Supplements and 3 AINSE Post-doctoral and budgets, and its Executive Committee Fellowships were held by researchers at- will oversee the implementation of these tached to the Institute at Lucas Heights, policies. As a consequence, the AINSE During 1992, the 14th AINSE Nuclear and Council will now meet only once a year. Particle Physics Conference was held in conjunction with the 10th Australian Institute The restructuring has also meant that all of Physics Congress in Melbourne. AINSE AINSE scientific, technical and clerical staff, sponsored approximately 1,600 person day with the exception of the Executive Officer visits to Lucas Heights and attendance at and a secretary, have either transferred to the AINSE Conference. Ansto or accepted voluntary redundancy. AINSE's scientific equipment assets (with an historical cost value of $2,454,000) have been transferred to Ansto whilst financial ASSOCIATED ORGANISATIONS AUSTRALIAN CENTRE OF ADVANCED RISKAND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING (A C A R R E) Australian Centre of Advanced Risk and electricity generation, transport (air, road Reliability Engineering (ACARRE) is a joint and rail), chemical plant, metal refining, sew- venture of Ansto and the University of Sydney age treatment and petrochemicals. which was established to assist industry, government and the wider community in These projects have been aimed at: understanding and applying risk and reliability methods to enhance safety and com- * improving the protection of people, the petitiveness. It does this through a program environment and property of education (both at the University and * enhancing the utilisation of production externally), research and consulting. The facilities Executive Director of ACARRE is also the * minimising business interruption and Ansto Professor of Risk Engineering at the consequential losses University of Sydney. * developing improved standards and codes of practice. The joint venture, which operates on a commercial basis, has continued to attract The centre has also run a number of courses business in 1992/3 and to increase aware- in risk management and hazard apprecia- ness of its services. Projects have been tion. completed in variousfields including mining,

68 REACTORS SAFETY COMMITTEE (R SO)

The RSC advises Ansto management on The RSC is chaired by an external chairper- the safety of the nuclear plant independently son, and has nine members, two of whom of line management and external safety are external. Its secretariat is provided by reviewers. Its terms of reference are as the Nuclear Safety Unit, which also provides follows:- technical support. The RSC meets quarterly or more frequently if necessary. The Chair- * To provide advice to the Executive Director person attends the Safety Review Commit- on the safety of reactors and associated tee to provide summary advice of the RSC's plant operated by Ansto. activities. * To review safety management proposals for experiments or change in operations or The principal effect of the RSC has been to for modifications to reactors and associated open up, to external scrutiny, the decisions plant operated by Ansto. made within the operating areas, thereby * To obtain safety assessments from Ansto providing additional assurance that the re- staff or from consultants. * To make periodic tours of inspection of the reactors and to examine their documentation for adequacy and compliance to Operating Instructions. AUSTRALIAN NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION 1992 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

69 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AUSTRALIAN NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION 1992 FINANCIAL STAT'EMEN1rs STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 30 JUNE 1993 GROUP ANSTO Note 1993 1992 1993 1992 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 Current Assets Cash 15,451 5.904 14,881 5.780 Receivables 2 3,079 2,868 2,656 2.525 Inventories 3 5,051 3.391 5,010 3.342 Other 4 331 234 360 234 Total Current Assets 23,912 12.397 22,907 11.881

Non-Current Assets Receivables 5 12 17 477 Investments 6 81 135 81 1.075 Inventories 3 980 684 980 684 Property.Plant and Equipment 8 84,749 80.794 83,634 79.811 Total Non-Current Assets. 85,822 81.613 84,712 82.047 70 Total Assets 109,734 94.010 107,619 93.928

Current Liabilities Creditors 9 2,436 4.713 2,743 4.687 Leases 10 5 5 Provisions 1 1 5,765 5.014 5,685 4.944 Other 12 3,341 3.401 3,335 3.361 Total Current Liabilities 11,547 13,128 11,768 12,992

Non-Current Liabilities Provisions 1 1 7,484 6,216 7,436 6,180 Leases 10 6 6 Other 12 3,656 3,656 Total Non-Current Liabilities 11,146 6,216 11,098 6,180 Total Liabilities 22,693 19,344 22,866 19,172 NET ASSETS 87,041 74,666 84,753 74,756

EQUITY Reserves 13 1,526 1,526 Accumulated results of operations 84,380 73,140 84,753 74,756 Outside interests in controlled entity 7 1,135 TOTAL EQUITY 87,041 74,666 84,753 74.756

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these statements FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

OPERATING STATEMENT FOR YEAR ENDED 30TH JUNE 1993 CROUP ANSTO Note 1993 1992 1993 1992 S'OOO $•()()() $•()()() $*000 COST OF SERVICES Operating Expenses Research 14 28,325 26.879 28,378 26.S79 Support Services 14 15,798 12.724 15,798 12.724 Operation of National Facilities 14 14,567 12.963 14,567 12.963 Corporate Services 14 14,561 20.319 18,262 20.319 Australian Radioisotope Operations 16 7,794 8.566 7,794 8.566 Enviromet Limited 18 1,998 2.149 — — Pluteus Limited 19 143 155 — — Australian Supercomputing Technology 17 2,275 — — — Total operating expenses 85.461 83.755 84.799 81.451

Operating Revenues Research 15 6,453 5.243 6,686 5.243 Support Services 15 1,421 1.090 1,604 1,090 Operation of National Facilities 15 3,212 2.034 3,212 2.034 Corporate Services 15 5,147 6.314 6.550 6.314 Australian Radioisotope Operations 16 8,554 7.822 8,554 7.822 Enviromet Limited 18 1,691 1,717 — — Pluteus Limited 19 — 155 — — Australian Supercomputing Technology 17 949 — — — Total Operating Revenue 27,427 24.375 26,606 22.503 Net cost of services 58,034 59.380 58,193 58.948 71 REVENUE FROM GOVERNMENT Parliamentary appropriations-operating 20 53,627 48.508 53,627 48.508 -capital . 14,563 16.599 14,563 16.599 Total revenue from government 68,190 65.107 68,190 65.107

Change in net assets resulting from operations 10,156 5,727 9,997 6.159

OUTSIDE INTEREST AND TRANSFERS Outside interest in change in net assets resulting from operations 7 1,084 — — —

Accumulated results of operations at beginning of financial year 73,140 67,413 74,756 68.597

Total available for appropriation 84,380 73.140 84,753 74,756

f\ccumulated results of operations at end of financial year 84,380 73.140 84,753 74,756

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these statements FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

STATEMENT OF CASHFLOWS FOR YEAR ENDED 30TH JUNE 1993 GROUP ANSTO Note 1993 1992 1993 1992 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 Inflows Inflows Inflows Inflows (Outflows) (Outflows) (Outflows) (Outflows)

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Inflows: Receipts from customers 27,671 22.873 27,376 20.791 Interest Received 467 488 449 483 Parliamentary Appropriations 68,190 65.107 68,190 65.107 96.328 88.468 96,015 86.381 Outflows: Payments to suppliers and employees (78,398) (71.881) (75,366) (69.696) Finance charges on finance leases paid (1) — (1) — (78,399) (71.881) (75,367) (69.696)

Net cash flows provided by operating activities 28 17,929 16.587 20,648 16.685

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Inflows: Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment 1,003 1.392 999 1.387 8 Loan repayments received from related party — — — Investments 833 — — 1,836 1.392 1,00—7 1.387 Outflows: 72 Property, plant and equipment (10,574) (14.066) (10,267) (14.041) (1.688) (2,285) (1.888) Investments — (10,574) (15.754) (12,552) (15.929) Net cash flows used by investing activities (8,738) (14.362) (11,545) (14,542)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Inflows:

Outflows: Principal repayments under finance lease (2) (2) Net cash flows used by financing activities (2) — (2) —

Net increase in cash held 9,189 2.225 9,101 2,143 plus Foreign Exchange Holdings 510 510 Adjustment for cash held by controlled entities consolidated for the first time 358 —_• _ , 9,547 2,735 9,101 2,653 Cash at beginning of reporting period 5,904 3.169 5,780 3,127 Cash at end of reporting period 15,451 5.904 14,881 5.780

The cash balance at 30 June 1993 as shown in the Statement of Cashflows is reconciled to the related item in the Statement of Financial Position.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these statements FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

STATEMENT ON BEHALF OF THE DIRECTORS

In the opinion of the Directors of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, the accounts of the Organisation and the Group are drawn up to show fairly -

« the operating result of the Organisation and of the Group for the year ended 30 June 1993.

the financial position of the Organisation and of the Group as at that date, and

the cash Hows of the Group for the year ended on that date.

The accompanying accounts of the Organisation and the Group have been made out in accordance with the Guidelines for Financial Statements of Public Authorities and Commercial Activities issued bv the Minister for Finance.

Signed in accordance with a written resolution of the Directors.

R E COLLINS D J COOK Chairperson Executive Director FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTES TO AND FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1 SUMMARY OK SIGNIFICANT ACCOL NTING POLICIES (a) Basis of accounting The accounts are presented • having regard to the provisions of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Act 19S7. • having regard to the principles of accrual accounting and the historical cost convention [(except as detailed in Note l(h)| and the going-concern basis. • in accordance with Guidelines for Financial Statements of Public Authorities and Commercial Activities issued by the Minister for Finance, applicable accounting standards and Statements of Accounting Concepts. The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the previous year except that 1. from I July 1992. the financial threshold for determining a plant and equipment item for Australian Radioisotopes was increased from $1.000 to SI.500. The effect of this change is a write-off of $14.277 against the value of the Plant and Equipment (Notes l(d) refers). 2. the basis for calculating the provision for employee long service leave entitlement has been varied. This variation is explained at Note l(g). 3. in the previous year, the group's interest in the assets and liabilities of Australian Supercomputing Technology (AST) was shown as a single entry. Ansto's interest in the Partnership is consolidated in the group accounts for the first time in 1992-93 (Note l(n) refers). (b) Valuation of inventories In accordance with past practice, inventories of enriched natural and depleted uranium in existence prior to the commencement of reporting on an accrual basis are disclosed, in the absence of cost values, on the basis of net realisable value. Subsequent acquisitions are also included at net realisable value. Similarly. Cobalt 60 sources in process are valued at net realisable value due to the extended irradiation time required to bring the specific activity of the Cobalt 60 to a marketable level which in some cases could take up to five years. Stock is brought to account on the basis of average purchase price. All other ' inventories are valued at cost. (c) Operating revenue Ansto is funded predominantly by Parliamentary appropriation to meet proposed expenditure in the current financial year. Other revenue represents sales revenue earned from the sale of the group's products and services. (d) Minor items of plant and equipment For the controlling entity Ansto. with the exception of Australian Radioisotopes which has a capitalisation threshold of $1.500. items of plant and equipment acquired at a cost of less than $3,000 are expensed in the year of acquisition. With respect to the other controlled entities. Enviromet Limited has a capitalisation threshold of $500 and AST $300. (e) Superannuation On behalf of its employees A\nsto contributes to two superannuation schemes, the Commonwealth Superannuation Scheme (CSS) and the Public Sector Superannuation (PSS) Scheme and meets its liability as costs accrue, on the basis of contribution rates set by the Australian Government Actuary. An amount of $5.409,811 (1992-S5.249.907) was contributed during 1992-93. representing a composite contribution rate of 17.3c/< of superannuable salaries, which includes the 3% Superannuation Productivity Benefit entitlement and contributions to the Australian Government Superannuation Trust. These schemes provide benefits in the form of lump sum payments and pensions. (0 Valuation of property, plant and equipment Land is disclosed at cost. Buildings. Electrical and Site Service facilities, and Plant and Equipment are disclosed at cost and depreciated over the useful life of the assets. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The reactor HI FAR is disclosed at cost and depreciated on the basis of an assumed life to the year 2000. The assessed useful life of the reactor is subject to review and may be extended in the future. The Synroc pilot plant is disclosed at cost and depreciated over an assessed useful life of 15 sears. Final acceptance of the Cyclotron machine was received in July 1992. For 1992-93 the facility is disclosed at cost and depreciated over an assessed useful life of 30 years. (g) Kmployee benefits The amounts expected to be paid in respect of Ansto employee entitlements including pro rata entitlements to long service leave and recreation leave, are accrued annually at current wage rates. Ansto employee entitlements for long service leave are based on the application of the Long Service Leave Commonwealth Employee Act 1976. Enviromet Limited employee entitlements for long service leave are calculated in accordance with current NSW State Government Legislation. In previous years the pro rata contingent long service leave entitlement for Ansto staff has been calculated and disclosed as a contingent liability. The contingent liability for long service leave was calculated on the basis of: 1. the pro-rata entitlement to accrue to staff with less than 10 years recognised service: and 2. probability factors provided by the Office of the Australian Government Actuary. The current liability component was determined on the basis of the average demand pattern over the past five years. In order to better reflect the actual liabilities of Ansto. this contingency has now been brought to account as a provision. As a result of this change the long service leave provision has increased by SI.295.237 for Ansto. (h) Patents The policy of non-capitalisation of expenditure relative to the development and registration of patents has continued during 1992-93. At 30 June 1993. 136 patents were registered to Ansto. " " Due to the current rate of technological change the commercial value of these patents is uncertain and they are not included in the Statement of Financial Position. (i) Contingent liabilities With the exception of the commitment to support Enviromet Limited (Note 6(c) refers) and the commitment to assist with the funding of ACARRE operations (Note 6(d) refers) Ansto has no contingent liabilities. (j) Segment reporting The activities of Ansto being confined to a single industry and undertaken predominantly in New South Wales make segment reporting unnecessary. (k) Foreign currency During the year foreign currency was purchased to cover overseas commitments against a supply contract. At 30 June 1993 all foreign exchange commitments have been extinguished and the group has no foreign exchange holdings. For 1992-93 exchange variations have been reported in accordance with the requirements of Australian Accounting Standard AAS20. (1) Comparatives Where necessary, comparative figures for 1991-92 have been adjusted to conform with changes in presentation and classifications made in 1992-93. (m) Rounding of amounts Except where otherwise shown, dollar values are rounded to the nearest thousand dollars. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(n) Consolidation The 1992-93 Group accounts arc a consolidation of the accounts of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation and its wholly owned subsidiary companies Enviromet Limited and Pluteus Limited and the Australian Supercomputing Technology partnership, a controlled entity. All intragroup accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Outside interests in the results and net assets of controlled entities are shown separately in the consolidated operating statement and statement of financial position. (o) Investments Investments have been brought to account as follows: Interest in companies - Ansto's interest in companies are brought to account at cost. These companies, being wholly owned subsidiaries are consolidated in the Group accounts ( Note 1 (n) refers). Partnerships - The Group includes as an investment its percentage interest in the net assets of partnerships which are not controlled. Where it holds a controlling interest in a partnership then this has been consolidated (Note l(n) and Note 6 (b) refer). Where in the opinion of the directors, there has been a permanent diminution in the value of an investment, the carrying value of the investment is written down to its recoverable amount. (p) Leased Assets Assets acquired under finance leases are included as property, plant and equipment in the Statement of Financial Position. Finance leases effectively transfer from the lessor to the lessee substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ow nership of the leased property. Where assets are acquired by means of finance leases, the present value of the minimum lease payments is recognised as an asset at the beginning of the lease term and amortised on a straight line basis over the expected useful life of the leased asset. A corresponding liability is also established and each lease payment allocated between the liability and finance charge. (q) Receivables A provision is raised for any doubtful debts based on a review of all outstanding amounts at year end. Bad debts are written off during the period in which they are identified. 76 (r) Income tax Ansto is not subject to income tax. (s) Nuclear Safety Bureau In financial years previous to 1992-93. the Nuclear Safety Bureau was a program of Ansto . On 30th June 1992 the Nuclear Safety Bureau was made a separate legal authority under the Ansto Amendment Act. As a result, the 1992-93 financial results of the Nuclear Safety Bureau did not form part of the Group's financial statements.

RECEIVABLES GROUP ANSTO 1993 1992 1993 1992 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'()()() Current Trade debtors 2.912 2.640 2.395 2,281 Less provision for doubtful debts 124 54 42 38 2,788 2,586 2,353 2,243 Advance held by Department of Industry Technology and Regional Development for overseas payments 100 100 100 100 Grants 82 175 82 175 Other 109 7 121 7 3.079 2,868 2,656 2.525 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3 INVENTORIES (JROUP ANSTO 1993 1992 1993 1992 S'OOO $"000 $•000 $'000 (a) Current Stores (average purchase price) (Note 1 (h)) 492 367 492 367 Stores (Enviromet Limited) lower of cost and net realisable value 41 49 — Reactor fuel and heavy water — (average purchase price) 3,660 2.067 3,660 2.067 Nuclear materials (at net realisable value) 579 490 579 490 Commercial products stock (at net realisable value) 273 234 273 234 Work in progress (at cost) 6 184 6 184 5,051 3.391 5,010 3.342

(h) Non-Current Assets Lead pots and generators (at cost) 246 _ 246 _ Commercial products stock - Cobalt-60 sources (at net realisable value) 714 664 714 664 Nuclear materials (at cost) 20 20 20 20 980 684 980 684

4 CURRENT ASSETS - OTHER Prepayments 232 191 261 191 Interest accrued 99 43 99 43 331 234 360 234

5 NON-CURRENT ASSETS Receivables 12 17 477

6 INVESTMENTS 77

(a) Tracerco Australasia 81 135 81 135 (b) Australian Supercomputing Technology __ (c) Enviromet Limited and Pluteus Limited — 940 — 81 135 81 1 .075

(a) Tracerco Australasia In partnership with 1CI Australia Operations Ply Ltd (51%), Ansto (49%) operates Tracerco Australasia, a business established to apply radioisotope technology to solve problems in industry and the community. During 1992-93 Ansto, in accordance with its 49% interest contributed Si 17,600 (1992 - $164,150) in equity funds. Tracerco Australasia's financial year ends on 30 September. The business is yet to generate a commercial profit. Operations during the year ended 30 September 1992 resulted in a loss in an amount of $341,146 (1992 - $308,981). The Ansto investment is disclosed at cost $580,650 (1992 - $463.050), less its 49%. share of the aggregate loss of $499,607 (1992 - $329.041) to date.

(b) Australian Supercomputinj* Technology In a partnership with Fujitsu Australia Limited (FAL), Ansto operates Australian Supercomputing Technology, a business established to provide facilities for numerically intensive applications for academic research and industrial use. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement, Ansto contributed equity (cash and in kind) funding in this period totalling SI.994.000 (1992 - SI.903.896). Operations during the year resulted in a loss of 52.5927930 (1992 - S3.627.880). The terms of the Partnership Agreement provide for Ansto and FAL to share profits or losses in the proportion of KWr Ansto / 30% FAL or otherwise to take account of increased cash flow provided by the funding of research and development projects by Fujitsu Limited. During 1992-93 FAL and Fujitsu Limited contributed a total of 5750,000 to fund R&D projects. Accordingly the profit/loss sharing ratio at 30 June. 1993 has been adjusted to 6(1% Ansto / 34% FAL. As a consequence of taking up this loss share the Ansto investment to date had been written down to nil value at 30 June 1993 and a liability recognised for the remaining share of the loss. (c) Knviromel Limited and Pluteus Limited. Ansto owns all of the issued shares in Enviromet Limited and Pluteus Limited (formerly Pluteus (230) Ply. Ltd). Enviromet Limited, the main trading company, operated at a loss of S418.299 (1992 - 5432.461) during the year to 30 June "l993. Pluteus'Limited. except for leasing plant and equipment to Enviromet Limited, has not traded during this period. In accordance with a formal decision of the Ansto Board and with approval from the Minister for Science and Technology. Ansto provided cash support to Enviromet Limited during 1992-93 amounting to S 250.000 (1992 - $525.627). The operating results of the two companies are included in the Group Operating Statement for the year ended 30 June 1993. Following a request for further support in 1993-94. Ansto will provide Enviromet Limited with access to funding in an amount of up to $250,000 to ensure that the company is able to pay its debts as and when they fall due. In view of the continuing less than satisfactory commercial performance of Enviromet Limited a decision has been taken to write down the carrying value of the investment in both companies to nil and to investigate options for the sale of the business in full or in part (Note 29(b) refers). (d) Australian Centre of Advanced Risk and Reliability Engineering (ACARRE) In partnership with the University of Sydney, Ansto operates the Australian Centre of Advanced Risk and Reliability Engineering (ACARRE). ACARRE operates as a company limited by guarantee in the research, development, education and application of risk and reliability engineering techniques for the benefit of the Australian community. Ansto has a 50% non-controlling share in the company. Ansto contributed $25,000 to the cost of operating the company during the financial year to 30 June 1993 and has undertaken to assist with contributions (limited to $25,000 per annum) on an annual basis for a further three years if required by the company.

7 OUTSIDE INTERESTS IN CONTROLLED ENTITIES Outside interests have a 34% interest in the Australian Supercomputing Technology partnership. AST is consolidated for the first time in 1992-93. GROUP GROUP 1993 1992 $'000 $'000 Outside interest in controlled entities Contributions( cash and in kind) to date 3.119 — Losses $'000 $'000 Opening balance 900 Adjustment of minority interest on consolidation 203 1992-93 losses 881 1084 (1.984) — 1,135 — r-HM/-\INOI/-M_ CD I /-Vl tlVltIN I ij

8 PROPERTY. PLANT AND EQUIPMENT GROUP ANSTO 1993 1992 1993 1992 $•()()() $*()()() $'000 $'000 Land 4,436 4.436 4,436 4.436 Buildings 39,664 34,969 39,664 34.970 Less accumulated depreciation 12,812 11.845 12,812 11.845 26,852 23.124 26,852 23.125 Electrical /Site Services facilities 2,872 2.405 2,872 2,405 Less accumulated depreciation 1,592 L486 1,592 1.486 1,280 9l91,280 919" Plant and Equipment 38,034 36.080 35,834 34.342 Less accumulated depreciation 17,009 15.580 15,924 14.826 21,025 20.500 19,910 19.516 Plant and Equipment under lease 13 — 13 Less accumulated depreciation 1 — 1 12 — 12 Reactor HIFAR 11,935 11.445 11,935 11,445 Less accumulated depreciation 8,951 8,454 8,951 8.454 2^984 2~99l2~9842.991 Synroc pilot plant 10,536 10,545 10,536 10.545 Less accumulated depreciation 3,161 2,485 3,161 2.485 7,375 8.060 7,375 8.060 Cyclotron facility 17,591 17.141 17,591 17,141 Less accumulated depreciation 789 324 789 324 16,802 16.817 16,802 16.817 Assets under construction 3,983 3.947 3,983 3.947 TOTAL 84,749 80.794 83,634 79,811 79 Land: The cost of land improvements capitalised during 1992-1993 has been reclassified as improvements to site services. 1992 cost of land improvements was $10.151. Buildings: Current year additions $4.693,704 (1992 - $1,912.950) have been charged with a full years depreciation, $578.077 of the additions represents the completion of the Tandem Accelerator building, $328.294 represents the completion of the AUSANS Facility and $802.690 represents the completion of the Tctley Building. In 1991-92 the Cyclotron facility was included in buildings. The Cyclotron and the facility housing it, in 1992-93, were identified as items of national interest and as such have been removed from buildings and plant and equipment classifications to be separately disclosed. In 1991-92 the Cyclotron facility was costed at $12.960,714. Electrical/Site Services facilities: Cost capitalised duriim 1992-93 was $466,696 (1992 - $327,913). Plant and Equipment: During 1992-93 the value of additions was $6,097,403 (1992 - $10,215,785), $443.802 of the additions represents the value of assets received free of charge from AINSE. against which accumulated depreciation of $100,091 was also brought to account. The value of disposals was $641,070 (1992 - $6,366,310). Plant and Equipment under Lease: A new finance lease of $12,605 was entered into during the year for a colour photocopier. The lease term is 3 years with a 10% residual. Reactor HIFAR: Capitalised cost during 1992-93 was $489,533 (1992 $56,772). Synroc: This item is disclosed at cost less a charge for depreciation based on a useful life of 15 years. Expenditure post commissioning (May 1988) to gain operating experience for the design of a conceptual radioactive Synroc plant has been expensed. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Cyclotron: The Cyclotron machine was formally accepted in July 1992. The capitalised cost of S4.622.760 was charged with the appropriate pro-rata depreciation. It has been estimated that this plant item has a useful life of 30 years. The Cyclotron building was completed in 1991-92 at a cost of S12.%0.714 depreciated over a useful life of 40 vears. Current year additions were S8.030. Assets under Construction: $654.000 represents generator assembly units which are to be completed in 1993-94, $107.170 represents the reestablishment of the Plasma Laboratory facility. S642.090 represents the silicon rigs under construction. $810,167 represents AUSANS. $1,768.409 represents the Tandem Accelerator. The silicon rigs. Tandem Accelerator and AUSANS were previously classified under Plant and Equipment in 1991-92 and have been reclassified in 1992- 93 as Assets under Construction.

CREDITORS GROUP ANSTO 1993 1992 1993 1992 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 Current Trade creditors 1,023 1,843 992 1.817 Other creditors 198 198 Externally funded projects 1,413 2,672 1,413 2.672 Liability to partnership resulting from contribution timing difference (Note 6 (b) refers) 338 2,436 4.713 2,743 4.687

10 LEASES Current Lease liability 5 5 5 — 5 —

Non current Lease liability 6 6 6 — 6 — 11 PROVISIONS Current Recreation leave 4,694 3,983 4,614 3,913 Long service leave 1,071 1,031 1,071 1,031 5,765 5,014 5,685 4,944 Non-Current Long service leave 7,484 6,216 7,436 6,180 7,484 6,216 7,436 6,180

12 CURRENT LIABILITIES - OTHER

Accruals 1,396 2,464 1,640 2,424 Security deposits 57 96 57 96 Revenue received in advance 1,068 232 818 232 Grant creditors 820 609 820 609 3,341 3,401 3,335 3,361

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES - OTHER Revenue received in advance 3,656 — 3,656 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On 30 June. 1993 Ansto executed a long term lease of part of its land at Lucas Heights to the Waste Recycling and Processing Services (WRAPS) of New South Wales. The lease period is eight years with an effective date of 1 January 1993. In consideration of the lease of this land parcel. WRAPS paid to Ansto a lump sum of S4.6M which will be taken up as revenue progressively over the life of the lease.

13 RESERVES GROUP ANSTO Share premium reserves 1993 1992 1993 1992 $'000 $'000 $'000 1,526 1.526

14 PROGRAM EXPENSES ANSTO (excluding ARI) 1993 1992 $'000 $'000 Salaries 34,462 37.374 Employee entitlements 4,448 1.444 General expenses 8,371 7.964 Stores 6,495 4.132 Maintenance and external services 8,529 5.756 Power and water 2,267 2.359 Reactor supplies 580 1.882 Depreciation 6,356 5.841 Lease amortisation 1 Abnormal items * 4,904 5,815 Other 592 318 TOTAL 77,005 72.885 * 1992-93 figure comprises 1. Write down of investments: 1992-93 Tracerco $170,206, AST $2,134,000, Enviromet Limited and Pluteus Limited $940,252 ( 1992 - Tracerco $151.401. AST $2.101.814). 2. Write-off of Enviromet Limited cash advances $727.392. 3. Long Service Leave 5-10 years provided for the first time $931,789. 81 15 PROGRAM REVENUE (excluding ARI) ANSTO 1993 1992 $'000 $'000 Services 5,357 3,870 Neutron doping 1,906 1,976 CSIRO site support 1,122 1,329 Grants 3,341 2,440 Training courses 382 489 Land management 423 206 Interest 494 447 Profit from sale of assets * 516 1,400 Synchrotron project 833 778 Information Technology services 1,395 791 29 Foreign exchange gain — Other" ** 2,283 926 TOTAL 18,052 14.681

* Proceeds from sale of non-current assets resulting in a gain: $903,880 (1992 - $1,813,279) less written down value of non-current assets $388,271 (1992-$412.955). ** relates to: $831,000 prior year adjustments regarding purchase of fuel elements. $193,000 BAT Park rental. $1,084,000 Assets Received Free Of Charge. $175,000 Miscellaneous. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

16 AUSTRALIAN RADIOISOTOPES Australian Radioisotopes (ARI) is the single totally commercial unit within Ansto. In recognition of this and to properly assess commercial performance, ARI accounts are maintained separate to Ansto accounts. ARI contribution to Ansto performance follows: ANSTO 1993 1992 Commercial Activities $'000 $'000 Radiophannaceutical and radioisotope sales 8,517 7.595 Other income 26 191 Interest received 11 36 8.554 7.822 ARI contribution/Ansto operational subsidy (760) 744 7,794 8.566 Less Salaries 2,799 3.361 Other operating expenses 4,493 4.979 Provision charges 502 226 NIL NIL

17 AUSTRALIAN SUPERCOMPUTING TECHNOLOGY contribution to the Group. CROUP 1993 1992 Commercial Activities $'000 $'000 Sales & R&D from FAL 920 — Interest 18 — Other 11 — 949 — Operating expenses Salaries 585 Provision charges 128 — 82 System expenses 759 — Adjustment on consolidation (Note I (a) 3 refers) 625 — Other operating expenses 178 — 2,275 —

18 ENVIROMET LIMITED contribution to the Group. GROUI> 1993 1992 Commercial Activities $'000 $'000 Sales 1,668 1.693 Interest 9 5 Proceeds from asset sales 4 5 Other 10 14 1,691 1.717 Operating expenses' Salaries 1,156 1,136 Depreciation 86 84 Other 513 586 Rental 223 330 Bud debts 20 13 1,998 2,149 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

19 PLLTEUS LIMITED CROUP contribution to the Group 1993 1992 $'000 $'000 Commercial activities Equipment hire lees _ — _ Operating expenses Depreciation 137 '55 Other _ 6 _ — _ 143 _ 155 20 PARLIAMENTARY APPROPRIATIONS ANSTO 1993 1992 Appropriation $'000 $'000 Act No. 1 Operating Expenses 52,378 48.300 Act No. 3 Operating Expenses — 208 Act No. 5 Operating Expenses _ 1.249 _ — 53,627 48.508 Act No. 2 Capital Works and Services 14.563 16.599 14,563 16.599

21 CAPITAL AND OTHER COMMITMENTS (a) Outstanding commitments on equipment, capital works and services at 30 June 1993 totalled $3.791.755 (1992 - S4.378.372). This includes a commitment of $76.542 for the re-establishment of the Plasma laboratory and a further $1.572.393 on capital works commitments. All commitments in this category are due for payment in the 1993-94 financial year. ANSTO 1993 1992 $'000 $'000 (h) Capital commitments relating to Partnership contributions not provided for in the accounts Payable no later than one year 1,894 I..894 Payable later than one year, no later than two years 1,861 1.894 Payable later than two years, no later than five years 1.042 2.903 Total commitments 4,797 6.691

CROUP ANSTO 1993 1992 1993 1992 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 (c) Commitments contracted for the supplyof fuel elements not provided for in the accounts Payable no later than one year 1,592 1.627 1,592 1,627 Payable later than one year, no later than two years — 1.627 — 1.627 Total commitments 1,592 3.254 1,592 3.254

(d) Aggregate lease Commitments contracted for but not provided for in the accounts Operating lease Payable no later than one year 268 204 — — Payable later than one year, no later than two years 277 268 — — Payable later than two years, not later than five years 337 614 — —- Total commitments 882 1,086

(e) Ansto has undertaken to assist with the funding of ACARRE's operations, with contributions on an annual basis. The amount for 1993-94 is estimated to be $25.000 (no provision for this amount has been included in the accounts). FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

22 REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS GROUP ANSTO 1993 1992 1993 1992 $'000 $*000 $'000 $'000 Directors remuneration is determined by the Remuneration Tribunal and payment is made in accordance with Section 12 of the Ansto Act 1987. Included in salaries expenses is remuneration received or due and leceivablc from the Organisation — Full time 156 143 156 143 — Part time 99 82 99 82 255 225 255 225

The number of directors included in these figures are shown below in their relevant remuneration bands:

Remuneration between Number Number $ Nil and $9,999 3 3 2 $10,000 and SI9,999 2 3 2 3 $20,000 and $29,999 1 1 1 1 $30.000 and $39,999 1 1 — $140.000 and $149.999 — 1 $150.000 and $159,999 1 —

23 REMUNERATION OF EXECUTIVES

84 Executives remuneration is determined by the Ansto Award. Included in salaries expenses is total remuneration received or due and receivable, by executive* (excluding the Executive Director who is included in Note 22) who earn $100,000 or more in connection with the management of Ansto and the Group. 811 943 811 943 Total remuneration received or due and receivable, by executives outside the Ansto Award 221 203 118 100

Number Number The number of executives whose remuneration for the financial year falls within the following bands: $100,000 and $109.999 " 3 3 1 $110,000 and $119,999 4 4 4 4 $120,000 and $129,999 3 3 $130,000 and $139,999 1 1 $150,000 and $159,999 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

24 SUPERANNUATION BENEFITS GROUP ANSTO 1993 1992 1993 1992 $'000 $'000 $'000 $'000 Payments to superannuation funds Annual contributions to superannuation funds, made in accordance with the trust deed and, where applicable, amounts advised by actuaries as being sufficient to ensure the payment of defined benefits to directors and principal executive officers on their retirement 139 142 139 142

25 AUDIT FEES

Amounts received, or due and receivable, by the auditors for: Auditing the accounts 135 177 120 177 Included are amounts received, or due and receivable, by auditors other than the auditor of the Organisation for: Auditing the accounts 1

26 DIRECTOR INTEREST IN CONTRACTS Since 1 July 1992, no Director of the Group has received or become entitled to receive a benefit other than a benefit included in the aggregate amount of remuneration received or due and receivable shown in the Accounts, by reason of a contract made by the Group with the Director or with a firm of which the Director is a member or with a company in which the Director has a substantial financial interest.

27 RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES 85 The controlling entity is Ansto. All transactions with related parties are made on commercial terms and conditions except where stated, (a) The Directors of Ansto during the financial year were: Director Appointed Term Concludes/d Richard E Collins 27 April 1990 * 27 April 1994 Beryl A she 1 January 1993 . 26 April 1996 John Innes 10 February 1992 26 April 1996 David J Cook 2 May 1988 2 May 1998 ** John G Morris 27 April 1990 * 27 April 1994 David K Money 27 April 1990 * 27 April 1994 Rosemary Howard 23 November 1992 26 April 1996 Henri J Meyer 10 February 1992 31 December 1992 # * Reappointed ** Reappointed 29 June 1992 commencing 2 May 1993 # Term concluded

(b) Transactions with entities in the wholly-owned Group At 30 June 1993 interest free loans of $727,392 (1992 - $477,392) have been advanced by Ansto to Enviromet Limited. In view of the continuing less than satisfactory performance of the company, a decision has been taken to write off the loans. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A further 532.913 loan was provided to Enviromet Limited and bears interest at 10% per annum. This loan is repayable by monthly instalments, the last beins due 10 November 1995. In addition, an amount of $4.999 (1992 — $19.892) is due and payable to Enviromet Limited at 30 June 1993 by Ansto. An amount of $15.609 is due to Ansto from Enviromet Limited. Transactions between Enviromet Limited and Pluteus Limited were $137.208 for equipment hire fees. An amount of $329,784 was due to Pluteus Limited from Enviromet Limited.

ANSTO 1993 1992 $ $ (c) Transactions with directors of the Group and controlled entities and their director-related entities The aggregate amount brought to account in respect of the following types of transactions with directors of entities in the group and their director-related entities were: Transaction Type Directors Concerned Provision of services to D Money 230 1.000 Provision of professional services to J Innes 131,738 27,870 Sale of goods to J Morris 320,555 22,216 Sale of goods to R Collins 550 — Professional Services provided by J Innes — 1.413 Services provided by J Morris 30,564 11,256 Other receivables from and payables to directors of the Group and controlled entities and their director-related entities. Aggregate amount receivable at balance date 2,180 — Aggregate amount payable at balance date — 492

(d) The aggregate amount brought to account in respect of the following types of transactions and other related parties involved were: Transaction Type Related Party Provision of professional services to controlled entity 127,788 136.655 Provision of Information Technology services to controlled entity 1,866,959 1,266,010 Professional services provided by controlled entity 53,202 78,980 Provision of administrative services to associated entity 4,946 260 Amounts receivable from and payable to entities in the wholly owned-group and other related parties: Aggregate amount receivable at balance date 165,397 1)6,769 Aggregate amount payable at balance date 421,079 19,892 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

28 RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING RESULT \VITH CASHFLOWS FROM OPERATIONS GROUP ANSTO 1993 1992 1993 1992 $•()()() $•000 $'000 $'000 Operating result 10,156 5.727 9,997 6.159 (Increase I/Decrease in inventories (1,957) S (1,965) 78 Increase in debtors (359) (244) (195) (387) Increase in employee entitlements 1,962 496 1,995 490 Increase in creditors 2.3S6 1.871 2,669 1.918 Depreciation and Amortisation 6,602 8.037 6,450 7.798 Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment (517) (1.3^3) (515) (1.3S6) IncreaseAdecrease) in accruals (949) 235 (964) 235 Effect of change in capitalisation policy and write-off 1,338 1.780 713 1.780 Net assets ree'd/provided free of charge (1,056) — (1,056) — Write-off of investments 52 — 2,788 — Write-off of loan — 727 — Increase in provisions —71 4 — — In kind contributions by minority partner 200 — — — Net cash provided by operating activities 17,929 16.587 20,648 16.685

EVENTS SUBSEQUENT TO BALANCE DATE

(a) On 19 August 1993. the Partnership with Fujitsu Australia Limited changed its trading name from Australian Supercomputing Technology to Australian Numerical Simulation and Modelling Services (ANSAMS). 87 (h) With respect to the Ansto wholly owned subsidiary companies Enviromel Limited and Pluteus Limited, the imminent sale of the non-current assets and business name "Enviromet", together with the transfer of staff to the purchaser, has emerged as a significant post balance date development. An effective date of 28 October. 1993. has been set for finalisalion of this sale. In relation to this matter a contingent liability has been created as a result of legal action taken by the unsuccessful second ranking bidder in the tender process. Legal advice obtained by Ansto from the Australian Government Solicitor and counsel is that this action is unlikely to be successful. AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL AUDIT OFFICE

Uv* 7 '1C E'mbelfi S»eai ottl Wiim ZOOC t.' •»'.

INDEPENDENT AUDIT REPORT

To the Minister for Science and Sm.ill Buiire.«

t have audited the financial statements ol the Australian Nucle.it Science und Technology Organisation tor the year ended 30 June 1

Opcratirg Statement

Statement of Financial Position

Statement of Cash Flews

Statement on Behalf of the Directors, .md

Notes to and forming part ot the f.nancial statement*

Tl.e directors o! the Organisation are responsible for the riepaiation <

The .audit has been conducted ir. accordance with Ausualiar. National Auch: Otlicc Audiung Standards, which incorporate the AuMtaJ'an Ar.diting Standards to r"i'v't!e reasonable assurance as to whether the ttnanonl statements are free from oaten.-.: imsMaterr.ent. Auc.t proceduies included examination, on a test basis, of eMdcrce supporting the amounts and other disclosures in the financial statements, and 'he evaluation of accounting policies and significant accounting estimates These procedures have been undertaken to form an opinion whether, in all material respects, the financial statements arc pie^cnted fairly in accordance with Australian accounting concepts and standards und statutory requirements so as to present a MCW \vliich is consistent with rm understanding of the Organisation and the economic entity's financial position, the results ct their operations and their cash flows. gg The audit opinion expressed in this report has been formed on the abo\e basis Audit Opinion

In accordance with sub-section 29(1) of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Act 19S7 I now report that the statements are in agreement with the accounts and records of the Organisation and the economic entity, and in my opinion:

(i) the statements arc based on proper accounts and records

(n) the statements show fairly in accordance with Statements of Accounting Concepts and applicable Accounting Standards the financial transactions and cash flows for the year ended 30 June 1993 and the state of affairs of the Organisation and the economic entity

(in) the receipt, expcnditme pnd investment of moneys, and the acquisition and disposal of assets, by the Org.ir.Sation during the year hase been in accordance with the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Otganisation Act 19S7, and

(iv) the statements are in accordance with the Guidelines for Financial Statements of Public Authorities- and Commercial Activities.

Allan Thompson Executive Director Australian National Aviriit Ot'ticc S>dney

20 October 1W INDEX

A Nuciear Source 39 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry 16,17 Accelerators 15,18 Accidents 47 Acid mine drainage 24 Advanced Materials Program 10-14,18,43 AEA Technology 12 Aerosol Sampling Project 16 Agen Biomedical Limited 21,22 Air pollution 16 Applications of Nuclear Physics Program 15-18,43 Ashton Mining 25 Ascot/Eagle consortium 18 Australian Academic Research Network (AARNet) 54 Australian Centre for Advanced Risk & Reliability Engineering (ACARRE) 51,68,78 Australian Defence Industries 37 Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) 24 Australian Institute of Biomedical Research 17 Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE) 16,17,20,59,67 Australian International Development Assistance Bureau (AIDAB) 27,36 Australian National Audit Office (ANAO) 42,43,44 Australian National Beamline facility 18 Australian National Tandem for Applied Research (ANTARES) 16,17,46 Australian National University 11 Australian Radioisotopes (ARI) 7,22,28,43,46,64,82 Australian Research Council (ARC) 16 Australian Safeguards Office 56 Australian Science & Technology Council,'(ASTEC) 18,38 Australian small angle neutron scattering instrument (AUSANS) 32,34,46,51,67 Australian Supercomputing Technology (AST) 43,53,55,77,78 Becquerel Laboratories Pty Ltd 30 Biomedicine and Health Program 19-22,33,43 Biomira (Canada) 20 Boliden Mineral AB 24 Broken Hill Proprietor/ Limited (BHP) 11,27 Buffer zone 38 Business Administration Program 44-46 Business and Technology Park 33 Caltex 57 Carbon dating 17 Career advancement system 52 Ceramics 10-13 CERN 18 China National Nuclear Corporation 11 Commonwealth Industrial and Scientific Research Organisation (CSIRO) 10,12,26,37 COMCARE (Commission for the Safety, Rehabilitation & Compensation of Commonwealth Employees) 49,50 Commercial Program 43,63 Community Monitoring Committee 38 Community Radio Station-2SSR-FM 40 Computing Centre 43,55 Cooperative Research Centres (CRC) 11,24 Coordination Committee on Science & Technology (CCST) 37 Corporate Affairs 41 -43 CRA Exploration Pty Ltd 11 Defence Science & Technology Organisation (DSTO) 12 Dept of Industry, Technology & Regional Development (DITARD) 11,35 Diascan Limited 22 Diffractometer 17 Ecological sustainable development 42 Electricity Supply Association 13 Emergency response 48 Energy efficiency 56 Energy Resources of Austria (ERA) 11,27 Engineering 32-34,43 Enterprise bargaining 45,52 Enviromet Limited 46,78 Environment Protection Authority (EPA) 27,38 Environmental Science Program 7,23- 27,43 Equal employment opportunity (EEO) 52,54 Evaluations 43 External Affairs Program 35-38 Fire 14,34 Fraud Control 56 Fujitsu, Japan, Fujitsu Australia Ltd 55,77,78 GEC Marconi Systems Pty Ltd 12 General Electric Medical Systems 21 Grants for Industry, Research & Development Scheme (GIRD) 11,12,22,24 Great Barrier Reef 27 Hawker de Havilland 11,13 Health & Safety Program 43,47-51, 90 High Rux Australian Reactor (HIFAR) 5,13,17, 21, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38,48, 51,58 Hybritech 21 High Temperature Materials Laboratory 12 Human Resource Management 52,53 Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd (ICI) 57 Institut Laue-Langevin 17,66 Internal audit reviews 43 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 14,24,36,37,51 International Science & Technology Advisory Committee (ISTAC) 11,13,37 Ion implantation 16 Ion beam analysis 16 Irradiated foodstuffs 18 Irradiated silicon 7, 29,31,33,51 Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) 12,21 Korean Atomic Energy Research institute (KAERI) 20,35 Large Hadron Collider accelerator 18 LARN 14 Library 54 Links Program 58 Local Liaison Forum 40 Marine sciences 26,27 Mineral sands 25,26 MOATA 18,51 National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) 48 National Industry Extension Service (NIES), 22 National Medical Cyclotron 7,18,21,28,33, 40,46,48 National waste repository 37 Neutron radiography 18 Neutron scattering 15,16,17 NOMAD experiment (neutrino oscillations) 18 NSW Land & Environment Court 37 Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) 12,36 Nuclear medicine 19 Nuclear powered warships 51 Nuclear Safety Bureau 44 Nuclear Safety Unit 34 Nuclear Technology Program 29-31,43 Nuclear waste 10,35,37 Occupational health & safety policy 49 Ok Tedi Mining 27 Open days 7,40 Overseas posts 37 Pacific Power 11,13,16,27 Patents 42 Peak Council, Ansto 50 Personnel Management and Industrial Relations 53 Personnel and Services Program 43,52 Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Japan 18 Plasma research 14 Pluteus (230) Pty Ltd 45,78 Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging 18,19,20,21,28,33 Public Affairs 39,40 g-| Publications 39,61,62 Quality control 34 Radiation dosimetry 48 Radiation technology 18 Radiopharmaceuticals 19,20,28 Radon measurements 26 Reactors Safety Committee (RSC) 69 Regional Cooperative Agreement (RCA) 36 Regional representatives 63 Regional Waste Depot 38 Research Reactor Review 5,6,18,32,35,38,40 Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology 16 Safety Review Committee (SRC) 7,47,48 Security 56 Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging 19,21 Sol-gel coatings 11,12 Sound of the Shire Community Radio Station - 2SSR-FM 40 Spent fuel 35 Staff numbers 53 Strategic Plan 41,45 Supercomputer 17,21,46,55,65 SURPAC International 27 Sutherland Shire Council 38 Synroc 10,11,12,43 Taylor Ceramic Engineering 13 Telectronics Ltd 12 Tetley Manufacturing 33 Tours • 39,40 Tracerco 30,53,77 Training 36,48, Training Guarantee (Administration) Act 1980 58 Universities of: Adelaide 14,20 Macquarie 16 NSW 12,16,22 Sydney 13,14,17,18,20,68,78 Technology 13,14 Western Sydney 20,57 Wollongong 14,20 Waste management 10,11,24,29,30,35 Waste Recycling and Processing Service of NSW (WRPS) 38 Water Board 24,48 Water pollution 24 Welding Technology Institute 13 Western Mining Corporation 11 Wismut GmbH 7,25,27 Wool R & D Corporation 14 Workplace Reform Committee 52 Young Achiever Program 58