Special Libraries, July-August 1970

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Special Libraries, 1970 Special Libraries, 1970s

7-1-1970

Special Libraries, July-August 1970

Special Libraries Association

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...... The New York Times, Library Services/ PceSenfjngh NewMTimI&xfal969 . Information Division, Dept. SL, 229 West 43d Why did we make our newest Index volume look less street, N,, york, ~.y10036. like an ordinary index? There's a good reason. ' Please send The New York Times Index or - The New York Times Index for 1969 is not an ordinary . I for 30 days-and bill us. index. .. It's more. An encyclopedia of recent history. A one- f 1969 annual volume $87.5( volume reference shelf. The most comprehensive, day-to- Complete service-1969 annual volume plus day summary of 1969 news stories available. : 24 upcoming semi-monthly issues $150 In over 1,800 pages, you'll find summaries of virtually every news story covered in The Times. Capsule reports . Name that dig deep below the headlines. That usually provide - : ZIbrarv all needed information. Of course, you can't completely judge our Index by its new cover. So try it for 30 days on approval. . - - - .... . City state & ZIP You be the judge. Just mail our coupon today...... Spearheads Soviet research in information Documents the increasingly prominent role theory and data transmission played by Soviet mathematical linguists

Problemy Peredachi lnformatsii Selected articles from Faraday Advisory Editor: M. Levison, Nauchna-Tekhnicheskaya lnformatsiya University of London

Soviet Editor: V. I. Siforov Faraday Advisory Editor: L. Cohan, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn

An outstanding publication of interest to re- Soviet Editor: A. I. Mikhailov searchers in all fields concerned with the R & D of com- mun~cationssystems. Contents include statistical information theory; coding theory and techniques: noisy Focuses on experimental methods of anaiyzing, channels; error detection and correction; signal detec- translating, encoding, searching and correlating scien- tion, extraction and analysis; analysis of communications tific and technical informat~on.Covers problems in the networks; optimal processing and routing; topics in the development of information languages, classification and theory of random processes; and bionics. indexing, and automatic analysis of texts. Describes new prolects in automatic documentation, mechan~caltrans- Prof. V. 1. Siforov is well known for his research lat~on,mathematical linguistics and information retrieval. contributions in radioelectronics, signal detection and analysis, and the design of advanced communications sys- Academician Mikhailov, Director of the USSR In- tems. Among the notable members of the editorial board stitute of Scientific and Technical lnformation (VINITI), is are Prof. M. A. Gavrilov of the lnstitute of Automation and acknowledged to be one of the world's most eminent Remote Control of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and authorities in the theory and design of information sys- Acad. A. N. Kolmogorov, Dean of the Mathematics and tems. VlNlTl employs over 4,000 specialists and has been Mechanics Faculty at Moscow University and Chairman of involved in countless research projects relating to the the International Association on the Use of Statistics in theory, methodology and automation of scientific and the Physical Sciences. Kolmogorov has won both the Lenin technical documentation. Such leading mathematical lin- and Stalin Prizes for research on the theory of functions of guists as Yu. A. Shreider, G. E. Vleduts and I. A. Mel'chuk a real variable, and he also has recently developed a major have directed in-depth research dealing with problems of modification of the theory of information which introduces generative-transformational grammar, semantic analysis an algorithmic approach employing recursive functions. and synthesis, syntactic and morphological analysis and Other members of this distinguished board include B. S. naturaManguage to information-language conversion. Un- Tsybakov, R. L. Dobrushin, and M. S. Pinsker who have der the guidance of Prof. D. A. Bochvar, one of the most specialized in coding theory and problems of error detec- outstanding Soviet specialists in the field of mathematical tion and correction; L. M. Fink and V. N. Roginskii who have logic, a special Semiotics Division was created at the In- contributed significantly in the area of complex signals; stitute to conduct research in information analysis, logical M. L. Tsetlin who is renowned for his work in game theory; semantics, structural linguistics and other disciplines as well as such well-known researchers in large-scale in. which are designed to make available to the new science formation and communications systems as 0. B. Lupanov, of informatics the exact methods currently employed to V. A. Uspenskii and A. M. Yaglom. create automated information systems. Sample contents include: Three Approaches to a Quantitative Defi- Sample contents include: Preparation of Secondary Scientific nition of lnformation Binary Codes Capable of Correcting In- Documents . Improving the Format of Scientific Documents . A correct One's . The Capacity of a Memoryless Gaussian Vector Linguistic Descrlptlon of the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistty . Channel . Realization of Boolean Functions by Networks of n-Input Some Causes of Loss and Nolse in Document lnformation Re- Threshold Elements Certain Properties of Symmetric Functions trieval . The Concepts "Information" and "Slgn" . Fundamentals in Three-Valued Logic I Using Ordered Texts for Expanding the of Sclentlflc Abstracting Methods . The Problem of Translation Capabilities of Mechanical Readers . A System for Determlnmg and Modern Linguistics . Documentation and Problems of Classi- Optimal Routlng . Cyclic Codes for Correction of Uniform Error fying Sciences Problems of lnformation Storage and Retrieval . Bursts .Some Cyclic Codes and a Technique for Majority Decod- Grammars Describing the Relationships between Natural Lan- Ing A Method for Increasing the Reliability of Finite Automata . guages . Automat~cTextual Analys~s. A~lalysisof lnformation On Several Examples of Simulation of the Collective Behavior of Flow as a Means for Predicting the Future of Research Projects . Automata A Quantitative Investigation of Limited.Access Sys- Research on Quallf~cat~onsfor lnformation Specialists in Chemis- tems . Optimal Routing in lnformation Transmission Systems try Dpt~malStructures for Subject Indexes of Abstract Journals e The Quantity of lnformation Transformed by a Nonlinear Device A Dlstrihutive Theory of Sentences with Bound Regions .An Ap- with Internal Noise A Topological Evaluation of the Memory of proach to Defin~tionof Certam Fundamental Notions In Informa- a Multicycle System An Ideal Physical lnformation Transmission tion-Retrieval Languages Syntactical Homonymy in Russian (from Channel. . the V~ewpointof Automatic Analysis and Synthesis). Annual subscription (4 issues): $100.00 Annual subscription (4 issues): $145.00

THE FARADAY PRESS, INC. 84 Fifth Avenue New York. N. Y. 10011 Arthur W. Elias (seated) and Irving H. Sher are quite a pair. They've practically "written the book" on many aspects of information technology. In fact, between them they've published dozens of scientific and technical papers. If you want to design an information system, produce a publication,develop a computer- ized system, solve your toughest information handling problems-call either one of them at 215/735-2700, or write to the address below. Art and Irv like tough problems. They can probably help you as they've helped many other ICA clients. Quickly efficiently, economically, satisfactorily. Go ahead, give them a call. You'll be glad you did. They may even offer you a cough drop.

INFORMATION COMPANY OF AMERICA 1011 LEWIS TOWER / 225 PHILADELPHIA. PENNSYLVANIA 19102 Ju~r/Aurusr1970 5 P special libraries VOLUME,,, NUMBER,

Letters ll~

Introducing UNDEX 265 Joseph Groesbeck

Equipment for Map Libraries 271 Mary Galneder

A Theological Storm Center 275 Thomas P. Slavens

Computer Simulation of Library Operations 280 Irving E. Stephens

Use of Microfilm in an Industrial Research Library 288 Virginia L. Duncan Frances E. Parsons

SLA News

61st Conference Detroit

Actions of the Board, Council and Annual Meeting

Pen Pals in Detroit 313 Gerd Muehsam Roger M. Martin

Salary Survey 1970

Vistas

LTP Reports to SLA 349 Coming Events 350

Placement 16~ Index to Advertisers 18~

Editor: F. E. MCKENNA Assistant Editor: JANET D. SHAPIRO

Special Libraries is published by Special Libraries Association. 235 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10003. @ 1970 by Special Libraries Association. Monthly except double issues for May/Jun and Jul/Aug. Annual index in December issue.

Second class postage paid at Brattleboro, Vermont 05301. POSTMASTER:Send Form 3579 to Special Libraries Association, 235 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10003. Special Libraries Association lWO/lWl

President Directors (1968/71) FLORINEOLTMAN ROSEMARYR. DEMAREST Air University Library Price Waterhouse & Co. Maxwell Air Force Base 60 Broad Street Alabama 36112 New York 10004 President-Elect EFRENW. GONZALEZ BURTONE. LAMKIN Bristol-Myers Products Bureau of Librarv and Scientific Division Educational Technology 1350 Liberty Avenue HEW, Office of Education, Room 5901 Hillside, New Jersey 07207 Washington, D. C. 20540 Advisory Council Chairman Directors (1969/72) KEITHG. BLAIR General Dynamics EDYTHEMOORE Convair Division Library (Serrerary of the Board) Post Office Box 12009 The Aerospace Corporation San Diego, California 92112 Charles C. Lauritsen Library (A4/108) Post Office Box 95085 Advisory Council Chairman-Elect Los Angeles, California 90045 MRS. JEANNEB. NORTH Information Services Consultant LOYDR. RATHBUN 742 Southampton Drive Massachusetts Institute of Technology Palo Alto, California 94303 Lincoln Laboratory Library Treasurer (1970/73) Lexington, Massachusetts 02173 JANET M. RIGNEY Foreign Relations Library Directors (1970/73) 58 East 68th Street JOHN P. BINNINGTON New York, N.Y. 10021 Brookhaven National Laboratory Research Library Past President Upton, N.Y. 11973 ROBERTW. GIBSON,JR. General Motors Corporation MIRIAMH. TEES Research Laboratories Library The Royal Bank of Canada 12 Mile & Mound Roads P.O. Box 6001 Warren, Michigan 48090 Montreal 3, P.Q.

Subscription Rates. Free to SLA members. Non- Claims for missing numbers will not be allowed if members, USA and Canada, $20.00 per calendar received more than 90 days from date of mailing year; add $1.50 postage for other countries. Single plus the time normally required for postal delivety copies (recent years) $2.75. of the issue and the claim. No claims are allowed Back Issues & Hard Cover Reprints: Inquire Kraus because of failure to notify the Membership Depart- Reprint Corp., 16 East 46th St., New York, N. Y. ment or the Subscription Department (see above) of a change of address, or because copy is "missing from Microfilm & Microfiche Editions (1909 to date): Inquire University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan. files." Changes of Address. Allow six weeks for all changes Special Libraries Association assumes no responsi- to become effective. All communications should in- bility for the statements and opinions advanced by clude both old and new addresses (with ZIP Codes) the contributors to the Association's publications. and should be accompanied by a mailing label from a Editorial views do not necessarily represent the offi- recent issue. Members should send their communica- cial position of Special Libraries Association. tions to the SLA Membership Department, 235 Park Indexed in: Bustness Periodicals Index, Documenta- Avenue South, New York, N. Y. 10003. Nonmember tion Abstracts, Historical Abstracts, Hospital Literature Subscribers should send their communications to the Index, Library Literature, Library Science Abstracts, SLA Subscription Department, 235 Park Avenue Management Index, and Public Affairs Information South, New York, N. Y. 10003. Service. Membership DUES.Member or Associate $30; Student $5; Emeritus $5; Sustaining $100. The one-time payment for Member (Paid for Life) is $350. 1609. First printing. 500 copies. 1970. Second printing. One copy. We don't know exactly how many copies of this book were originally published 361 years ago. But we do know that over the years it's become more and more difficult for scholars to get their hands on one. Fortunately, University Microfilms is making sure that the supply of any book is precisely equal to the demand for it. And if just one copy of a book exists, and is capable of being microfilmed, we can make as many additional copies as anyone wants. As of this moment, we have over 82,000 out-of-print books on microfilm. And if we don't have a book, we'll find it, film it, and turn out copies like the one above. Books printed in Roman alphabets cost 46 per page. Books in non-Roman alphabets cost 66 a page. And our minimum order is one copy. If you're a librarian interested in seeing which books we already have on film, send for our free 500-page catalog. We'll also send you The 0-P Bookfinder, our monthly publication which lists the books we're adding to our collection. If you still can't find what you want, send us the title, author and publisher's name. If copies of the book are still around, we'll see to it that you get one too. University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb lEngland ..rms. rn**.%. XEROX

These are the kind of questions your article, .review, letter, correction. Four company needs answers to. And fast. million individual entries are contained The kind of questions that only a care- in the latest annual issue. All of them ful search can answer. derived from the literature of the past But the problem within today's cor- 12 months. And you get all this quarterly, porate hierarchy is that not enough R&D cumulated annually. Weekly updating personnel have learned to delegate the service also available through ISl's unique responsibility for searches to the library, ASCA" system. Think how much time where it belongs. Often, this is due to you can save your R&D staff. What better the attitude of scientific and technical way to emphasize the real dollar and people-that their information needs are cents value of your library is there? too complex for "laymen" to handle. Want even more convincing reasons If this is the attitude in your com- to use on your library committee? Just pany, Science Citation Index (SCI) is the return the coupon. best non-secret weapon to prove what a professional librarian can really do. A few of the many organizations SCI" is the only index to science and subscribing to SCI North Amer~can Rockwell RCA, technology that permits fast, simple The Rand Carp. Squlbb- literature searches. As easy as using a Vanan ksoc~ates lnst~tuteof Med~calResearch Amer~can Cyanam~dCo. Sandla Corp. phone book. So easy, in fact, that a few Olln Mathleson Chemical Corp. Bell Labs. Abbott Labs. 18M minutes of searching can provide your L~ncolnLabs.4.I.T. A. I. Reynolds Co. company with the relevant articles needed Dow Chem~calCo. Mc-Netl Labs. Uplohn Co. Sm~th.Kl~ne & French Labs. to answer critically important questions. Colgate Palmal~veCo. Westtnghause Electr~cCorp. Not just for R&D but Marketing, Person- nel and many other departments. SCl'sR subject coverage matches its 325 Chestnut Street, Ph~ladelph~a,Pennsylvania 19106, USA utility. SCIVndexes completely over 132 H~ghStreet. Uxbrtdge, Middlesex. UK two thousand scientific journals. Every Other offices in Washmgton, Ottawa. Paris. Tokyo Telephone: (215) 923-3300. Telex: 84-5305. Cable: SCINFO

Gentlemen: SL-70 Please send me full information on Science Citation Index'.

STATE ZIP

COUNTRY TELEPHONE 0 1970 ISI'

Microfiche users asked for a truly low-cost portable reader.

The U.S. Office of Education of the Department of Health, Educa- tion and Welfare realized the need for a new microfiche reader. Thirteen companies bid for the development contract. DASA got it. And DASA delivered the PMRl50.. . a major breakthrough in micropublishing. A lightweight reader so portable that it can be held in the lap. So inexpensive that it's well within the reach of any library, school, hospital or commercial, industrial or governmental operation. The PMRl50 has an 8%" x 1 1" viewing screen and weighs just 7% pounds. It accepts 4" x 6" microfiche with interchange- able grid formats for scanning control, including DOD, NMA and COSATI. The reader is simple to operate and requires no special training. Focus is set by a fingertip dial and remains constant. The screen image is extremely clear. Uniform high or low illumination can be selected. And the PMRI50 plugs into a regular electrical outlet. Using the PMRI50 is almost like reading a book. And that's what it's all about, isn't it? To find out more about what the PMRI50 is all about, call or write for ordering information, deliverv schedules or other details to DASA Cor~oration. Information Systems Division, 15 Stevens Street, Andover, Mass. 0 18 10, (617) 475-4940.

DASA Corporation: Information Systems Division. Telephone Products Divlslon, International Operatlons, Leasmg and Fleld Serwce Dlvislon, EDP Busmess Forms and Supphes Division. Offices In principal citles in the Un~tedStates and abroad. REPORTING THE FULL SPECTRUM OF DEVELOPMENTS IN PHOTO-ELECTRO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION

The SPIE JOURNAL provides a medium for the publication of papers and reports on design developments of applications techniques which are of interest to those engaged in photo-electro-optical instrumentation.

Articles on general technical ad- vances, as well as industry news, are published in the Journal SPIE- Glass section.

The JOURNAL is distributed to over 10,000 scientists and engineers as well as numerous technicol libraries and research establishments.

OF GENERAL INTEREST TO: Test - Systems - Optical - Photographic - Electro-optical - Earth Resources - Laboratory - Instrumentation - Data Processing - lmage Processing and Missile Test Engineers Optical Physicists Space - Planetary and Bio-Medical Scientists. RANGE OF SUBJECT MATTER: Underwater Research Holography Space Optics Range lnstrumentation lmage Enhancement Optical Dota Reduction Environmental Quality Computer Applications Bio-Medical Research Photographic Dota Recording Transportation Studies X-Roy Cartography Micrography Loser Applications Fiber Optics Techniques Laboratory Measurements Optical Display Techniques 0 Pattern Recognition Photo-optical Materials Multi- spectral Sensing Infra-red Measurements Optical Systems Design High Speed Photography.

JOURNAL IS INDEXED AND LISTED IN: Current Contents Science Citation Science Abstracts International Aerospoce Abstracts Abstracts of Photographic Science & Engineering Engineering Index State of the Art Review Access Ayers List of Published Periodicals Encyclopedia of Associations Ullrichs Periodicols.

Published Bi-Monthly: $12.00 per yr. Domestic; $15.00 per yr. Foreign $ 2.00 per individual issue. Sample on request. be sure that we have no one there. This an- LETTERS noys me every time. The idea of double listing sounds very practical.

SLA Election Issues Jean R. Longland Chairman, Museum Group Shirley Echelman's letter re "An Informed New York Chapter, SLA Electorate" (SL, Mar 1970) struck a responsive note with me since I had just sent a similar letter to the Executive BoardlBulle- More on Involvement-A Reply tin Editor of the Southern California Chap- ter regarding our Chapter election. In part The editorial in SL, Feb 1970, was written I said: to raise a question as well as exhort special ". . . looking down the ballot I had to ad- librarians to be involved in contemporary mit that I did not know what the views of social issues. these candidates were on various issues The question has been raised and discus- confronting SLA today. If I were to vote sion of its issues begun within the Associa- for them to represent my views shouldn't tion. The exhortation has been heard and I know where they stood on such issues as repeated in remarks at the 61st Conference merger with ASIS, membership require- by both outgoing and incoming Association ments, how the "Goals for 19))" could be Presidents. All this is certainly most gratify- implemented, etc.? Of course, I would also ing. be interested in their ideas on responsi- But some aspects of implementation for bilities directly connected with the office the exhortation need to be raised when dis- they were seeking, e.g., programs for the cussing the question of official Association chapter meetings, how to publicize activi- involvement in such social controversies as ties within and outside the Chapter, etc. our country faces today. "I would like to see a substantial state- In answer to Mrs. Kraus (SL, May/Jun ment of purpose by the candidates which 1970, "Letters") one could ask where non- would provide the membership with a library matters and library matters divide. better basis for casting their vote. . . ." In protesting a raise in postal rates maybe the Association should oppose raises in pos- Perhaps similar remarks could be made tal employee salaries and benefits. Joining concerning Division elections, but since I the silent majority on issues of unequal have just recently changed Division affilia- treatment of minorities could place the As- tions, I will accept a certain lack of knowl- sociation solidly in favor of such treatment. edge of candidates on my part to be a result In short, the Association takes a stand on a of neophyte member status. matter (library or non-library) whether any However, at all levels, Chapter, Division "official" statement is made or not. and Association, I think we need more and Loyd Rathbun's reasoned approach has better communication between members and a lot to recommend it. Certainly the Associa- candidates, and vice versa. tion should not be divisive in taking a position. Librarians, without appearing "smarter, Sheila F. Thornton better informed, and more self-righteous The Rand Corporation Library . . . ," should be able to find an honest ex- Santa Monica, Calif. 90406 pression of concern. This, then, could be a statement from the Association which would be definitive-far better than a significant Business Addresses silence. A further consideration for the Association Concerning the listing of members' ad- is the support of its membership. If a mem- dresses, I heartily agree with Nora T. Cor- ber of the Association does follow the ex- ley's letter published in SL (Mar 1970, p. hortation to personal involvement, he should 9~). expect some support from the Association, Every time I want to know whether the particularly if the stand is taken on a "li- Museum Group has a member at a given in- brary" issue. stitution, I read through some 130 names. As far as statements of position are con- If I don't find the institution, I still can't cerned, I could cite many organizations and . . . letters 63 years ago associations such as ours which have issued we came up with a great idea them-the AIA, ARIA, and recently the y------..- --\ Nobel Prize winners and industrial scientists f;~e'll collect, abrttact 1 (cf. Science 168:1325, 12 Jun 1970). And I can acknowledge that an association as such and index the luotld's / might not hake an ethic or even a personality. But an association should manifest ($bIhhed___,_ - ____chemical litetatute3 some corporate conscience. Even business .. <- -- --."----A and industry is doing this as shown by the speakers in the recent all-clay seminar on Pollution (Joint Session in Detroit on Thurs- thy, Jun l 1, 1970). I believe the real issue of involvement is the role librarians should play as intellectual leaders in their communities (local, state, and national). As the editorial tried to stress, special librarians particularly have the responsibility to draw to the attention of their library users the information needed to make rational decisions. And the Association in turn has a responsibility to aid in this role whether the issues are classed as "non-li- Over sixty years ago Chemical Abstracts brary matters" or not. Service decided to collect, abstract and Loyd Rathbun's conclusion forms a sensi- index the world's published chemical literature. Right from the beginning we pub- ble guideline for Association participation lished all the information in CHEMICAL or invol~ement: ". . . those in opposition ABSTRACTS -the journal that, together are our neighbors, our colleagues, and our with its comprehensive indexes, has be- equals. . . . In fact, that's what it is all come known as the "key to the world's about." No involvement should embarrass chemical literature." any segment of our membership, nor should We still publish CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS our silence. And it is certainly to be hoped and its indexes and we will continue. But that the Association can keep the egg off its in the last decade, we've been expanding face. But ne\er let the Association be guilty our services, and have created the Chem- of stifling free discussion. ical Abstracts Service lnformation System -a group of related services that vary in Edward P. Miller subject, depth of coverage, currency and President distribution media. The System is designed Oklahoma Chapter, SLA to do one thing - to satisfy YOUR chemical information needs. There are services that alert you to articles that will be ab- stracted in CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS. There are others that cover specific portions of chemistry, such as the polymer and bio- Personality Pollution chemical fields. In addition to the printed form, many of our services are available on If you think after Sherman this will crush microfilm or computer-readable tape. us, take another look at your navel-but in So, if you need chemical information, N.Y. this time-where the polluted atmos- but don't want to get buried under it, our phere is a better match for your personality. Chemical Abstracts Service Information System (or part of it) is your answer. Find Chapter Member out for yourself. Write us today at: Chemi- South Atlantic Chapter cal Abstracts Service, Dept. 13C-L-, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, U.S.A.

It IS not SL's zcsd policy to print nnony- molts letlrrs szcch ns the above, typrrl on the :HEMlCAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE a div,sion at The Amergcan Chemical Sactefy Erlzto~~lPage of the Mar 1970 issue of SL. THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY. COLUMBUS OHIO 432:O . . . more letters MAP COLLECTIONS IN THE But, because you did not include your mail- UNITED STATES AND CANADA ing address on the envelope with its care- fully blurred cancellation, we can only reach A DIRECTORY you through these pages. All regional in- 2nd edition formation ruas found in the registration kit (szrclz as the pamphlets from the Georgia An invaluable reference for lo- Department of Industry and Trade, Depart- ment of Archives and History, the Atlanta cating cartographic collections Convention 6 Visitors Bureau, and the pro- throughout Anglo-America gram of the Tally-Ho Dinner Theater, as well as the typical hotel flyers found in each Up-to-date revision of the 1954 room). I directory Complete information on the 605 major map collections in the P.S. On the return flight my luggage was United States and Canada overweight with mountains of a delicious I Each entry indudes- pecan-and-pop-corn confection created by a library name, address and tele- delectable Atlanta hostess, who also thought that Atlanta was the pecan capital of the phone number country. name of person in charge size of staff P.P.S. Hope you approved of the remarks collection size about New York's pollution in the May/ annual accessions June issue? area and subject specializations special cartographic collections P.P.P.S. Now, I'm not sure whether I dare depository agreements include any observations about Detroit's lady service and interlibrary loan plainclothesmen in convertibles who attempted to pick up gentlemen conEerees dur- policies ing SLA's 1970 bash in Detroit. The hlichi- reproduction facilities ganders may then accuse me of being anti- publications issued automobile!

Compiled by SLA's Geography and Map Division, Directory Revision Committee; Chairman, David K. Carrington (Library of Congress)

soft cover 1 176 pages $7.00 (New York purchasers add appropriate sales tax)

SBN 87111-190-X Special Libraries welcomes I LC 72-101336 communications from its readers, ORDER NOW but can rarely accommodate letters I in excess of 300 words. from Light editing, for style and economy, is the rule rather than the exception, and we Special Libraries Association assume that any letter, unless otherwise 235 Park Avenue South stipulated, is free for publication New York, N.Y. 10003 in our monthly letters column.

Introducing UNDEX

Joseph Groesbeck

Dag Hammarskjold Library, United Nations, N.Y. 10017

the United States of America occupies a Bibliographical control of the docu- twelve-story building across the street mentation of the United Nations is a from the United Nations Headquarters responsibility of the UN Headquarters and employs a staff of about 120 persons), most Missions consist of an Am- Library. A monthly checklist was first bassador with two or three aides and a published in 1950. With the increase in secretarial staff of one or two persons the number of member nations, indexes working out of a small office, sometimes in English are no longer adequate. Stor- a hotel suite-a situation which does not age in its original form required an ex- allow for the luxury of a "library" in any cessive amount of time for retrieval. Mi- sense of the word. crofiche storage and computer-assistance Except that it is dauntingly volumi- to produce multilingual indexes are de- nous, a delegate can assimilate the cur- scribed. rent day-to-day documentation (meeting records, draft resolutions, reports, etc.) which require his consideration in prep aration for a meeting of one or another of the Committees, Commissions, Coun- THE UNITEDNATIONS is a prolific pub- cils or Conferences at which he must lisher, probably second only to the Gov- represent his country. What he cannot ernment of the United States of America. do, without maintaining a considerable It is estimated that the 1969 output of its library or seeking substantial assistance presses was in the neighborhood of 500 elsewhere, is to trace the history of a million pages. Subdivided by languages problem under discussion, even in so of issue and by the number of copies con- simple and obvious a direction as the po- stituting the issuance of any single item, sition of his own country on that prob- this means that in that year upwards of lem in past years. For example, a dele- 12,000 separate publications and docu- gate from a newly independent country ments appeared in English. A nearly may wish to know what was his country's equal number were issued in each of the position on the Arab-Israeli conflict dur- o&er official languages. ing 1960-1968 and what was the position The physical management and the ef- of his country's former governing power fective use of a body of documentation in the years before 1960. To discover and of this order of magnitude poses a major to document these essential political task for the Permanent Missions and the stances is no simple matter. delegations to the United Nations for To serve him, and only incidentally whom, essentially, the documents are the scholarly world at large, the Head- prepared. While the Missions of the quarters Library of the United Nations major powers have physical facilities and has the task of keeping the documenta- sizeable staffs (the Permanent Mission of tion of the Organization under bibliographical control. During 1946-1949 for want of staff (in a period when the the effort to meet this obligation" resulted staff required to index only English lan- in the collection and systematic arrange- guage documents was growing slowly in ment in the library of the documents relation to the acceleratink ..iual out- themselves, and the publication of some put of the documentation, it was incon- checklists and subject indexes in Eng- ceivable that the budgetary authorities lish. Then, in 1950, the library began would have approved the staff increases publication of the United Nations Docu- necessary to produce parallel French ments Index, a monthly checklist of cur- language indexes). rent documents, with a subject index So matters stood until 1965 when the and annual cumulations. UNDI, as it is possible application of computer tech- generally known, has grown in size and niques to the library's indexing problems has become increasingly sophisticated. In came under serious consideration. In that addition, from 1953 a major series of In- year two of the library's senior officers dexes to Proceedings of the major organs (both cataloguers and indexers of long has been issued sessionally. The library experience) were assigned to inform also has compiled and published bi- themselves about computer-assisted in- lingual (English and French) indexes to dexing and to explore the possibilities the United Nations Treaty Series now in that mechanization might offer in im- its 620th volume. proving the library's indexing activity. Particular attention was to be directed to Multilingual Indexes Needed the production of more analytical and more frequent indexes, in several lan- These efforts were well conceived and guages. well executed. However, they did not- Following their review of the state of and in the swirit of the times they could the art these officers invoked the aid of not-anticipate the explosive growth of the United Nations Administrative Man- the Organization's membership follow- agement Service. In co-operation with ing the-independence of the &any once that service they conducted a study of the colonial territories. There has been a feasibility of using computer equipment consequent increase in documentation, to achieve these indexing objectives. The and a reliance on official languages other report of this study was submitted in than English-most particularly French, June 1966. Its conclusions were that the but also Spanish and Russian. use of computer techniques did indeed Since 1955, in which year 16 new appear to be feasible and that a pilot Member States were admitted, and more project to confirm this feasibility should acutely since 1960 when another 17 be mounted. joined, it was apparent that the relatively Concurrently, the library queried its simple and mainly monolingual indexes ~rincipalusers as to their needs for refer- that the library produces do not satisfy ence services and indexes. A survey con- the needs of a greatly enlarged member- ducted by questionnaire (200 questions; ship, more than half of which works in 657" response) at Headquarters in April languages other than English. Accord- 1966, revealed that the existing library ingly, the library made a valiant effort services were inadequate. There was an to increase the depth of the indexing evident need to strengthen the docu- which it had been doing" since 1946 and mentation services and to extend their to produce, at least, a parallel French range, The survey confirmed the feelings language edition of its basic United Na- tions Llkuments Index. 0 That a large proportion of the users The first effort was successful. Today's (70%) made extensive use of the docu- United Nations Documents Index is very mentation issued by the Organization; considerably more analytical than were That problems were encountered in its early issues. The second effort, to pro- storing it in original form; and duce a French version of UNDI, failed That, because of the inadequacy of the research tools provided, the use of the agencies of the United Nations family documentation was difficult and re- (FAO,ILO, UNESCO,et al.). quired an excessive amount of time. In pursuit of these objectives the library negotiated a contract with the In- Full Text Storage stitute for Computer Research in the It was decided, therefore, that the first Humanities (New York University) in requirement of the reference service was 1967 for a pilot project in computer- to provide a means of efficient storage of assisted indexing of United Nations doc- the full texts of United Nations docu- uments. The project was carried out ments coupled with the production and jointly by the library and the institute, dissemination of a variety of research which developed the programs and pro- tools (lists, indexes, compendia, etc.) vided the computer time. Machineable which would provide access from differ- records were produced for 900 docu- ent points of view to the contents of the ments issued ii connection with the pro- texts stored. Following decisions taken by ceedings of the 22nd regular session of the General Assembly, and because most the General Assembly and an indexing United Nations documents are issued in vocabulary of 725 expressions in English, four official languages and are deposited French, Russian and Spanish was cre- in one of those languages in some 300 de- ated. Concurrently, a parallel project pository libraries throughout the world, conducted under contract with the Na- it was concluded that the output of any tional Cash Register Company explored information system should be in four the problems relating to the production, languages (English, French, Russian and storage and dissemination of microfiche Spanish). reproductions of the documents indexed. It followed that a computer-assisted In April 1968, the products of these system offered the best possibility of two experimental efforts were exhibited meeting the demonstrated need. Accord- to an invited audience of delegates" and ingly, a system was projected: Secretariat officers. The presentation consisted of the display and explanation of To collect, preserve and provide for sample pages of 12 different types of in- the dissemination, in a form compatible dexes generated in four languages by with the increasing lack of space for computer from an English input (includ- storage, any document of relevance is- ing indexes by subject, by country, by sued under the authority of a United Na- speaker, and by form, that is, "Reports," tions organ, irrespective of the form in "Resolutions," etc.) of the 900 docu- which it is produced, whether printed, ments used in the experiment and multi- offset, mimeographed or other; lingual examples of the microfiche To employ microfiche as the medium copies which had been produced. The most appropriate to the achievement of demonstration was received enthusiasti- these ends; cally by the delegates and by the all- To provide access to these materials important budgetary authorities. The li- through a variety of machine-produced brary was authorized to proceed with a indexes which would constitute the second phase in the development of the prime component of the information system. system; In the period, May-December 1968, To supplement this collection with techniques were explored to up-date, to material contained in non-United Na- list selectively and to abstract the docu- tions sources, but strictly related to issues ments to be analyzed. The possibility of before the organization; and preparing a multilingual lis; of indexing To develop the system so as to satisfy terms with the assistance of a computer all the information needs of all of its was also explored. A description of the users, allowing for compatibility with system, proceclural flowcharts, equipment similar systems being developed in other specifications and programs also were prepared, together with a preliminary textual data relating to United Nations list of some 2,000 indexing terms in documentation;

English, French, Russian and Spankh. 2. The construction of data bases of (i). . By the end of the year the ground work document profiles, (ii) a terminology file, had been completed so that a computer- (iii) a thesaurus file; assisted indexing program could be ini- 3. The development of retrieval pro- tiated in 1969. grams for the construction of indexes; 4. The production of indexes to United Nations documents by subject, country, Staff Training etc. as required, on an experimental A most important part in the laying of basis. this ground work consisted in training staff for the new tasks to be undertaken. At the year's end these goals had been attained to a satisfactory degree, but not Six professional indexers and the two senior officers who had developed the entirely, because of the difficulty of re- scheme participated in seminars, work- cruiting newly authorized staff. The first shops and short training courses in com- experimental issue of a new index to puter applications or in academic courses United Nations documents and ~ublica- in electronic data processing, computer tions compiled with the assistance of a fundamentals and computer-assisted op- computer had been issued in English, to erations. All the rest of the professional be followed by the other three language versions. The index was issued in two staff of the Index Section were involved parts, a subject index and a country in- to a greater or lesser degree in the new dex, under the tit\e UNDEX (an acro- technique. Several of the clerical staff nym common to theXfourlanguages). Ad- were trained as keypunch and Justo- ditionally, a multilingual list of indexing writer operators. Provision was made, terms had been developed (Figs. 1-3). too, for additional staff in the following The information contained in the ex- year. perimental Subject Index was selected, In 1969 the third phase of the project extracted and compiled mechanically was begun. The four main areas of that from annotations d&criptive of docu- year's research and development pro- ments issued in connection with the 46th gram were: session of the Economic and Social Coun- 1. The development and implementa- cil. The annotations had been prepared tion of programs for free field input of in English and stored in a computer to-

Fig. 1. Extract of Subiect Index for UNDEX gether with quadrilingual lists of the These indexes will be continued in terms used in their preparation. 1970 and will be enlarged, gradually, to The parallel Country Index reflects encompass all current documents and the participation of individual Member publications of the United Nations. States in the consideration by tlle Eco- Moreover, it is anticipated that a variety nomic and Social Council of tlle subjects of additional indexes (for example, an on the agenda of the Council's 46th index to resolutions, an index to reports, session. an index to speeches) can be generated

LIELIBBESHIP EIECUTIYB CORmITTLE OP THE PBOGUlInB UP TdE UUlirU IITIOLIS HIGH CUIIIISSIUMLU POU PEIUCSES: ComroilLiuu 1969

TBElTISS: EULT (5) ROAD SICIS AIU SLGYILS: Coo.enllon 1968

YOAD TRIPPLC: Conve0t10n 1968

UMLTED HATIOH cmrmeuCe 01 ~OADTYIMIC (v~anu*, 7 Oct - 8 lo" 1968) : Plraal Act

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IIEIBERSHLP ECOIOIlC COflIISSIUI PO1 AS11 IUD THE PA1 6h1: co.posrtroo l9bY

DOCU~BITSsUB~~ITTID PulD Slfas 110 siCN&LS; Conrentloo 1968; ArL. 17

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ROAD TRIPPIC: Conve0t10n 1968; 1rt. '46

POAD TRAPPIC: Eon.anLlon 1968; Irk. 47

lPllBSYSBlP CO88ISbIOI 01 HAICOTIC UPYO$.: CO.p51tLOn 1969

Fig. 2. Extract of Country Index for UNDEX

- -

WATOHAL RESOURCES: REZUBSOS IATURALES: ufilizatlon aprovechaoiento

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Fig. 3. United Nations Terminology File In the French and Spanish columns, the signs, Q, 01, and 02, are codes for accents. Subroutines are now available to eliminate these codes in the next printout from the basic input, and that together ance of computers, and that in the end these eventually will replace the pres- computer-aided indexing is more eco- ent United Nations Documents Index. nomical-in terms of effectiveness-than UhlDI, however, will be continued in its conventional indexing procedures ever present form until UNDEX proves to be could be. a really workable improvement over So much for the intellectual control of UR'DZ. Then, but not until then, the documentation. The physical problem of 20-year-old UNDI will be replaced by the managing a mas5 of paper which grows new UNDEX, which will be made pub- inexorably day by day is another matter. licly available on a subscription basis hliniaturi~ationof the documents seems that is yet to be determined. the only solution. Already it is excitingly clear that microfiche reproduction is ap- A Multiple Moral propriate, and that the combination of computer-produced indexes and the dis- If there is a moral to this story, it is: semination of microfiche copies of the documents indexed can provide a man- that long and meticulous exploration should precede a leap into computer ap- ageable and accessible resource for even plications in libraries; the smallest delegation (or any library) that the men who control the purse -a resource which is now beyond the must be convinced of the feasibility and means of any but the mighty. desirability of such applications; Receiued for reuiew Apr 23, 1970. Ac- that these persons must understand, cepted for publication May 27,1970. in particular, that these new techniques are not cheap and that they do not produce instant staff economies; that patient and particular care must be given to the orientation of staff to the new techniques and to the recruitment of additional staff as needed; and that close co-operation with experts in the new technology is invaluable. But the inescapable conclusion is that the complex problem of achieving biblio- Mr. Groesbeck has recently retired as graphical control of a body of documen- deputy director of the Dug Hammar- tation, such as that of the United skjold Library at the United Nations. He Nations, can be solved only by the assist- is now a resident of Denver, Colorado. Equipment for Map Libraries

Mary Galneder

University of Wisconsin, Department of Geography, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

heavy floor loading. A basement or Various aspects of the selection of ground floor location is often desirable space and equipment for map libraries or the floor should be inspected to de- are discussed. Particular attention is termine that it can support the weight of given to the types of map filing cases: filled map cases. The room should have temperature steel and wood, horizontal and vertical. and humidity control. It is estimated Some unique requirements for map li- that temperatures between 60" and 75°F braries, such as storage for globes and with relative humidities between 50 and plastic relief models, light tables, a map 60% are best for the conservation of li- truck, as well as equipment common to brary materials. In addition, the room book libraries are also briefly considered. should be well-ventilated; the air should be filtered to eliminate contaminants which may introduce grime, abrasion and chemical deterioration (2). These conditions should exist in a newer build- THESELECTION AND ARRANGE- ing with a central air conditioning sys- MENT of equipment for the map library tem; otherwise the librarian should try to are among the most important decisions obtain room-size air conditioners and the librarian must make. Suitable equip- humidifiers. ment results in a collection in which the maps are easily accessible and yet given Map Storage Equipment adequate protection from dust, sunlight, dampness, careless handling, or chemical .4fter the location of the map room deterioration. Unsuitable equipment, has been determined, the choice of filing however, has given rise to the reputation equipment is a primary decision for the of maps as "troublesome 'stepchildren' " map librarian. Various considerations in libraries (I). This paper examines the need to be analyzed, and they will in- question of equipment for current, re- fluence the purchasing decision-among * search-oriented map collections; archival them, the size and growth rate of the map materials are not considered as they collection, frequency of use, current and require special handling and are often in future space available, and cost. Once the care of a rare book librarian. the style of filing equipment has been Few map librarians are given an op- decided, it can be estimated how many portunity to design their own rooms; if cases will be needed to house the maps a new area is set aside for the map col- on hand and to accommodate future lection, it will have built-in features (for growth. example, full-length windows or support It may be necessary to rnatch previ- pillars) which must be considel-ed in the ously purchased equipment, but if older arrangement of equipment. The physical equipment is unsuitable it may be possi- condition of the area is the first con- ble to set it aside for storage of little used sideration. Maps require large Iiorizontal maps. If the appearance of the library is areas, occupy much space and exert a very important, cases on hand may be re- painted to match newly ordered ones so lot of wasted space. If it is possible to al- ihat differences in coior and style are ternate the size of the map cases, those minimized. with larger drawers may be useful for Most map librarians agree that hori- housing large maps (such as navigation zontal cases, with shallow drawers. are charts) or they may be divided to house most efficient for the storage of maps. double stacks of uniform size set maps They combine adequate protection with (for example, the U.S. Geological Sur- - relatively easy access. The type most vey's topographic quadrangles). commonly used is produced as drafting A drawer height of 2 inches (or no room equipment; these are five-drawer more than 2-v2 inches) is recommended. units with separate tops and bases. These When maps are stacked higher, it is diffi- units are available in either steel or cult to withdraw those at the bottom. wood. They are available with various Within the drawers, additional pro- features, such as canvas dust covers, tection from dust is given to the maps by hoods at the back of the drawers and storing them in paper folders. These compressors or wires at the front to hold folders also expedite finding maps the maps in place, dividers, ball bearing through labels showing contents. The rollers, or safety stops. Specific features folders also serve to keep maps covering vary with the manufacturer. Some fea- the same area or sets of mam in one tures may not be available in the less ex- place. For preservation of the maps, fold- pensive cases. The most substantial and ers should be made of non-acid paper durable cases possible should be pur- with a pH factor of 4.5 or higher (5). chased as they will be more satisfactory Open edges of the folders may face the for a longer period. A comparison be- back or the front of the drawers. Access tween the costs of steel or wood cases is easier if the open edge is at the front shows a cost of approximately $460 for a so the map desired can be seen before it steel unit consisting of two five-drawer is removed; the drawback, however, is units (inside drawer dimension, 45-?,$ x the temptation to remove and to refile 35 x 2 inches) with top and fiusll I~ase maps w2hout taking the folder from the and a similar wood unit (inside drawer drawer-thus it is easy to wrinkle or tear size, 42-3/s x 32 x 2 inches) priced at the maps. When the open edge of the about $330 (3). Except for the lower cost, folder is at the back of the drawer, it is wood cases are far less satisfactory than necessary to remove the entire folder steel. They are adversely affected by before maps may be consulted. humidity changes; their fiberboard drawer bottoms sag when heavily loaded; Space Estimates and their drawers do not run on ball bearings nor do they have safety stops. The number of cases needed to house The dimensions of drawers in horizon- a collection of maps and their arrange- tal map filing units vary according to the ment depends on the size of the room. manufacturer, but they may be broadly Approximately 200 maps in folders can r, grouped as small, medium, large, and be stored in one horizontal drawer, and oversize. In these ranges one manufac- cases may be stacked as high as the floor turer produces cases with drawers de- will support-and the librarian finds signed to hold map sheets in the follow- convenient. Table 1 shows the weight ing sizes: 36 x 24 inches, 42 x 30 per square foot of filled cases. It was inches, 48 x 36 inches, and 72 X 42 originally published in a report, "Map inches (4). Drawer sizes in the cases of Libraries-Space and Equipment," pre- other manufacturers will vary slightly pared by the Committee on Standards of but also correspond to these general SLA's Geography and Map Division ranges. The medium size drawer, for 42 under the chairmanship of Catherine x .% inch map sheets, is the most prac- Balm (6). Much valuable information for tical. It will store the majority of maps anyone who is planning a map library without folding and yet will not have a or considering the ordering of new equipment is contained in the report uneconomical except for archival collec- mentioned plus the section on filing tions where the long term conservation equipment in Maps: Their Care, Repair, need outweighs ready accessibility (10). and Preservation in Libraries by Clara Special storage facilities are needed for LeGear (7), and "Map and Atlas Cases" globes and plastic relief models. Globes by J. Douglas Hill (8). which are not left standing around the If space for expansion of the library map room as display materials may be will be limited after the initial allotment stored in standard supply cabinets with is made, it is advisable to stack the cases adjustable shelves. Cloth or plastic covers only two five-drawer units high. This may be obtained for further protection provides a convenient work surface. If from dust. more cases are needed later, they may be 'l'wo types of storage are usable for added on top. plastic relief models. In the first, which works primarily where they may be Other Types of Storage stored in a relatively private area, one or two holes are punched in one of the Although vertical cases are a newer sides and the model is suspended from a way of handling maps, they are generally hook or wire. Another method is to store less satisfactory than horizontal cases. In the relief models in cabinets, approxi- vertical filing units, the maps are filed in mately 40 inches wide x 28 inches deep folders or clamped together in binders x 10 inches high. Shelves about four suspended from racks at the sides. These inches apart will each hold about 12 racks may swing forward to provide maps. Additional shelves could be added easier access. Approximately half as to provide narrower spaces but if too much floor space is required to house many are used, storage capacity is quite 3,000 maps in vertical units as in hori- restricted. As long as reasonable care is zontal units but the storage space can- taken in removing and replacing the not be expanded upward, the tops are models, this method is satisfactory for not usable for work space, and the units the storage of models in current use. are more expensive (9). Other methods of filing maps are not 0 ther Considerations considered as satisfactory when easy access is a factor. Two such methods are Another important consideration in storage in portfolios or buckram covered equipping a map room is the provision boxes. Ilihile these protect the maps ol adequate space to consult the maps. from dust more completely than horizon- Between 10 and 16 sq.ft. of space per tal drawers, the extra time involved in reader is recommended by LeGear (11) handling the maps makes such storage and Rahn {12).

Table 1. Weight of Filled Map Cases (about 4 X 3 ft. area)*

Weight per Top and Number Number of 5-Drawer Weight Base Total of 2-inch Section of Maps Weight Weight Area Height Weight Mops Drawers (Ib.) (Ib.) (W (Ib.) (sq.ft.) (ft.) (Ib./sq.ft.)

* For larger or smaller fiat file cases, refer to various catalogs for weights and heights as well as sizes and project. For average of 100 maps per drawer divide weight by 2. From: Bahn, Catherine / Map Libraries. Ref. (6). Fig. 1. Vertical files (either letter or legal important to the librarian for ease of size), should be located in the map li- access to the collection and the preserva- brary for storage of map texts, indexes, tion of the map collection. maps which are kept folded (such as ex- pe~idable road maps), aerial photo- References graphs, and catalogs. I.cGear, Clara Egli/Maps: Their Care, II the uac of the map collection war- Repair, and Preservation in Libraries, rants, a drafting table irnd a light table rev.ed. Washington, Library of Congress, are useful items for readers, as is the hIap Division, 1956. 75p. p.42. Cunha, George D. RI./Conseruation of maintaining of an empty-. drawer or two in which maps in use over several days Library ~llaterials:A Manual and Bibli- <;in be stored temporarily. ograplry on the Care, Repair and Xes- Depending on the size of the collec- toralion of Library Alaterials. Rletuchen, N.J., Scarecrow Press, 1967. 405p. p.80- tion ;I ix~ptruck may be a helpful ad- 83. dition. Tllese are the same style as con- 1)rnfling Firrniture List Prices, No71em- ventional book trucks; in fact, a book b~r1, 1969. Two Rivers, IYisc., Hamil- truck with a large flat board on top is ton hIanufacturing Co. 8p. p.2-3. an adequate substitute. If a truck is also Hamilton Drafting Room Furniture. to be used for sorting or other processing 'I'xvo Rivers, Wisc., Hamilton Rlanufac- of maps, it must be ordered specially. turing Co., 1968. 40p. p.34-35. The top surface should be flat, ipproxi- Ref. (I), p.10. mately 2-y2 x 5 feet, and about waist Bahn, Catherinelklap Libraries-Space high. There should be two or three and Equipment. Special Libraries Asso- ciation. Geography and Map Division. shelves for sorting or storing maps. The Bulletin no.46: ~.3-17 (Dec 1961) Fig. 1. shelves should be far enough apart to Rcf. (I), p.42-49. enable the maps to be inserted or taken Hill, J. Douglas/Map and Atlas Cases. out easily. ~t-least two wheels sllould Library Trends v.13 (no.4): p.481-87 have ball bearing swivel casters for easier (Apr 1965). maneul ering. Ref. (A'), p.484. Standard library shelves should be Ref. (A'), p.485. part of the map room to hold reference Ref. (I),p.51. materials and atlases in book form. Over- Ref. (h), p.10. size sllelves, about seven inches apart, or atlas stands should be provided for ma- X(,cc~i-oc~rlfor rruirzu May 12, 1970. Ac- terial which must be shelved flat. ccptcd for plrblication May 27, 1970. I\Jllile not exactly part of a map li- I~rary'sequipment, space to display maps should be available. Displays,-. which or- tlinarilv attract many viewers, call attention to the existence of the map collection and the types of maps in it. Last. but not least, an extremely useful item in the map room-if it can be airanged-is a sink in the work area or

Miss Galneder is map librarian at the Summary University of Wisconsin. This is a This paper has briefly discussed some slightly revised version of a paper which aspects of equipment for map libraries. was presented on Jun 3, 1969 as part of r\lthough the area set aside for most map a panel discussion on "Problems of the libraries will have built-in features Smaller Map Libraries" sponsored by which govern the placement of equip- the Geography and Map Division during ment, the choice of this equipment is SLA's 60th Annual Conference. A Theological Storm Center Implications for Developing Theological Libraries

Thomas P. Slavens

The University of Michigan, Scl~oolof Library Science Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104

The development of the library of in which free inquiry may take place in Union Theological Seminary in the City the field of religion, attracting students of New York, u.hic11 has one of the finest from varied backgrounds, and securing and most widely-used collections of the- wealthy laymen to share in program ological literature in the western hemi- planning and financial support. The sphere, demonstrates the wisdom of rep- growth of the library also reveals the resenting many points of \iew In a advantages of locating such a collection theological collection, building a climate in a large city.

UNIONTHEOLOGICAL SEMI- The fact, too, that the school has from NARY in New York has been a center its beginning been in the left-wing of the of theological controversy since its es- reformed tradition of Protestantism may tablishment in 1836. The school was account in part for the development of founded in an era of serious division in its library. One evidence of this empha- American Presbyterianism. Its earliest sis is found in the founders' refusal to be directors and faculty members, with one allied with the ecclesiastical organiza- exception, were affiliated with the lib- tions of the Presbyterian Church because eral branch of that schism. The institu- of their fear of the orthodox group tion has, therefore, from its inception which had control of the General Assem- been identified with liberal Calvinism. bly during that period. A stress on the The fact that the school has been a freedom of man with a de-emphasis on theological storm center may account in the doctrine of total depravity has been part for the fact that its library is one of characteristic of the school's various the- the finest theological collections in the ological positions, despite the fact that western hemisphere. The school has not it was probably the first American semi- been satisfied, for example, to have only nary to give serious consideration to Karl one side of a theological argument rep- Barth. In contrast, then, to schools which resented in its collection; but for 134 consider that a theological library years the institution has attempted to should reflect a given set of orthodox have available materials on various fac- tenets, the collection at Union for many ets of the central theological issues divid- years has included works from a variety ing American Christianity. of approaches. In institutions with the freedom of inquiry which is an impor- the school from becoming theologically tant part of the school's tradition, intel- introverted. The library has never been lectual incisiveness is most naturally cul- only a collection of theological litera- tivated and scholarship is most mature. ture; it has, from its beginning, included secular materials which would seem out of place in an institution which was dominated by the clergy. The library has never been only a Fourth, these laymen, from the era of collection of theological literature; the founders, have worked to develop it has, from its beginning, included the type of institution which would produce excellence in the ministry. The secular materials which would seem preamble to the 1836 Constitution, out of place in an institution which which is still used, in stating the objec- was dominated by the clergy tives of the institution, indicated that one of the principal purposes of the school was to be the enlistment of "ge- nius, talent, enlightened piety, and mis- Another important characteristic of sionary zeal" for the ministry. While Union, which has been true from its be- other qualities of the effective minister ginning, has been its ecumenicity. While are mentioned, enlightenment is stressed the school was established by Presby- throughout the preamble. terians, the founders were the most ecu- The directors have been insatiable in menical in the denomination. They their demand for this excellence. Their were opposed to the establishment or pride was reflected in their claims at the strengthening of denominational organi- time the school was established that zations to perform functions which, in other theological institutions were in- their opinion, were being satisfactorily adequate. The founders made it clear executed by non-denominational groups. that they would be satisfied in their pro- This desire for inclusiveness, which was posed institution with nothing but the reflected in the nature of the institution, best. This desire for excellence has been has been influential in the development important insofar as it has influenced the of the collection. While Presbyterianism institution to strive for high standards; is well represented there, for example, so yet the haughtiness of some of these are the other major branches of Prot- men, who have included some of New estantism, Orthodoxy, and Catholicism, York's wealthiest, is strangely inconsis- as well as non-Christian religions and tent with the ideals of the Nazarene, the secular causes. propagation of whose teachings the semi- Another characteristic of the seminary nary was purportedly designed to ad- from its origin has been the influence of vance. laymen in its development. The first meeting of those interested in founding the school was attended by four clergy- men and five laymen, and one-half of . . . has demonstrated the value of the first Directorate was composed of appointing seminary administrators laymen. The businessmen who have guided the school's progress through the who are appreciative of scholarship intervening years have made several vital and yet who are able to raise contributions to the growth of the li- money. brary. First, they have provided most of the funds for the purchase of materials. Second, they have supervised the expenditure of these monies in a generous but Great libraries, however, are not often efficient manner. Third, by their contacts built by poor and humble donors; and with secular society, they have prevented despite the criticisms which may be lev- Brown Tower Entrance to the Seminary

may take place in the field of religion. The school should also see itself as more than a center for the education of min- isters and should seek to be a "theological university" to which people from many nations may come for study in various fields of endeavor. The library, at least, should understand its role as being wider than serving only its student body and faculty. Union's experience also has demonstrated the value of appointing seminary administrators who are appreciative of ied against Union's founders, they were scholarship and yet who are able to raise interested in the development of the money. Theological education depends collection. Their attempt to secure the almost entirely upon gifts for its sup- finest scholars available for the faculty port; and Union's success, at least, has was also important for the history of the been related to the securing of wealthy library, for they must have realized that laymen to share in its program planning in this field good scholars cannot be se- and to support it financially. Some cured and kept without good biblio- means of securing library support from graphical tools. these persons have been to share the The development of this library which is unsurpassed among the theological collections of this country has implications for administrators, faculty mem- Great libraries, however, are not bers, benefactors, and librarians of other often built by poor and humble seminaries as they attempt to improve their libraries. The growth of Union's donors . . . library has relevance for the development of objectives, administration, personnel, finances, and curricula of other similar institutions as well as for the ex- bibliographical needs and achievements pansion of their collections and services. with them and to be generous in naming In formulating long-range purposes, collections for them. Union's experience a seminary does well, for example, to be has also demonstrated the wisdom of lo- as ecumenical as possible. Opening its cating a theological school in a large doors to faculty members, students, and city, which is more apt to have wealth, patrons from as wide a constituency as students, books, and capable people, possible will result in a collection which from which good theological libraries are represents many points of view. Accom- made. panying this will be the objective of The latter is the most important qual- building a climate in which free inquiry ity of these four ingredients of an ex- Union Seminary Library cellent theological library. If a school add to the uniqueness of the collection, wants a superior collection, it must have such as manuscripts, unusual collections an excellent faculty to assist in the se- acquired by individuals, and materials lection of its materials. The librarian for existing fields of specialization, should be a scholar also, but even su- should be bought as freely as possible. perior men in these posts must depend Trips to Europe, searching of sales cata- hea~ilyon subject specialists for the de- logs, and attendance at book sales are velopment of the collection. Endowment necessary to acquire the retrospective ma- seems to be the most satisfactory answer terials essential to the improvement of to the problems of financing this devel- inadequate collections. opment. Since the library will benefit in The library of a seminary should also nearly every conceivable way from steady be related to other collections in the vi- financial support, every effort should be cinity. Union's experience has shown expended to build up a school's pelma- the wisdom of locating first near the nent funds. Lenox and the Astor Libraries and later Those responsible for the library will near that of Columbia University. The be wise, also, to keep the curriculum of goal of becoming the theological section the school as current and as excellent as of a cooperative metropolitan library possible. While stressing scholarship, em- system is an excellent ambition for any phasis should also be placed on current theological institution. trends in society which demand the attention of the church. The theological library which contains only religious materials is irrelevant. It must, like the cur- . . . the program must be flexible riculum, reflect the church's interest in enough to allow for the purchase of SUL~problems as international order and racial injustice. a bargain, even though it may not Granted adequate financing, the great- meet the immediate needs of the est need of theological education, the school. collection sllould be built according to a long-range plan. Yet, the program must be flexible enough to allow for the purchase of a bargain, even though it The collection should be shared, too, may not meet the immediate needs of with as wide a constituency as possible. the school. Areas of heavy buying should Union has, for example, from its origin include periodicals, because much of cur- loaned to others than its faculty and stu- rent cliscussion in the field of religion is dent body. Its mailing service for minis- available only in this form. Items which ters is also a policy worthy of wider repe- tition. A seminary which builds an excel- A solution to this problem was given lent collection has a responsibility, like fifty years later by Charles Ripley Gil- Union, to publish its catalog, to make lett, one of Smith's successors: its materials more available to scholars. "The development of a library takes time Aside from adequate financing, per- and money, and a complete library cannot haps the most important quality for be ordered over night. It requires study, building a theological collection, how- consultation, selection, caution, and a wide ever, is a dissatisfaction with the status range of knowledge. It must be built upon quo. Those responsible for a large or a plans which embrace the future as well as small theological library do well to have the present, and regard must also be made the attitude expressed by Henry Boynton to the shortcomings of the past. Smith, one of Union's librarians, in a letter written in 1850: This applies to Union as well as to the "The literary chara'cter of the Seminary other theological collections of this coun- is slight, its zeal in theological science is try. little, the need of a comprehensive range of theological studies and books has got to be Received for review Mar 30, 1970. Ac- created." cepted for publication May 1, 1970. Computer Simulation of Library Operations An Evaluation of an Administrative Tool

Irving E. Stephens

New York State Library, Albany, N.Y.

Computer simulation techniques offer and system re-organization. The models library administrators a planning tool project the effect of personnel changes that fiscal authorities understand. The and increasing work loads into the fu- New York State Library at Albany now ture. The models also provide a per- employs cpss 11 models of Technical formance standard against which pro- Services and NYSILL (N.Y. State Inter- posed systems can be compared. Library Loans) for budget preparation

THE EFFECTIVENESS of the plan- of a library as an information system is ning by library administrators for an- to a library as a wind tunnel airplane is ticipated needs is constrained by the di- to a real airplane. Before constructing mensional limitations of many common the real machine or changing its design, systems analysis techniques. While the an engineer evaluates a model's per- static devices of flowcharting, decision- formance under projected conditions. trees, and job descriptions appear ade- Unlike engineers, however, librarians quate for depicting existing and pro- have not generally applied simulation to posed systems, these inert models cannot their administrative problems although necessarily indicate the effect of proposed modeling techniques are familiar to changes upon an organization (I). A dy- other information specialists (4). namic modeling tool, as Warren Brown As part of its effort to improve service, the New York State Library contracted mentions, is required to project the re- with a consulting firm (Stochos, Inc., sponses of an organization to changing Schenectady, N.Y.) to draft and build stimuli through a time environment (2). preliminary models and to instruct li- In this paper one such tool is described brary personnel in their use. The models in regard to a computer simulation of the at first depicted only acquisition and New York State Library's Technical Serv- cataloging operations, since the library ices Division. The study was initiated sought to decrease these processing times. during the summer of 1968 (3). Later, librarians expanded the models Computer simulation techniques are to encompass such functions as catalog direct analogs of the physical and mathe- maintenance, invoice clearing, and card matical models long utilized by the en- production. The NYSILL operation at the gineering profession. A simulation model library was also modeled. 280 INPUT The initial project required 30 days Frequency and Volume and was accomplished in six steps: 1) Drafting of general flowcharts, 2) Identification of data points in the charts, SYSTEM 3) Examination of available library SUBSYSTEU statistics, I Or 4) Sampling of work rates and work (Delay or transit time load, within a System or 5) Construction of program flowcharts and program coding, and 6) Analysis and final revision of the models. OUTPUT (Volme and Direction) The key to model performance depends upon determining realistic processing times. In this aspect the library's Fig. 1. General System Characteristics statistics did not always correlate the system's work load to processing times nor any given level of a system (Fig. 1). Gpss did they match the detail of the simula- 11 attempts to circumvent the dilemma of tion. Hence, the researchers learned to discrete approximation of the real time monitor library data closely before in- continuum by scanning the entire model corporating it into the program. Work one clock unit at a time. Transactions, sampling techniques were employed to it., the units of information or mate- fill in data gaps. Supervisory personnel rial moved through a system, are ad- also were consulted regarding such sam- vanced by the program from one cpss 11 pling results. Thus errors in the inter- module to another according to a sched- pretation of both library statistics and ule which the program maintains. Sta- biased samples were minimized. tistics are updated each clock unit in response to these transaction schedules (or chains). Selection of a Discrete Event Language Consequently, GPSS 11 consists of mod- The consultants selected GPSS 11 in ules, or prepackaged subroutines; the preference to other languages such as user need only piece the modules to- FORTRAN,ALGOL, QUICKJOB, or SIMSCRIPT. gether. The general system characteris- GPSS 11, or General Purpose Systems Sim- tics shown in Fig. 1 are exemplified in ulation 11, is a high level, discrete event Fig. 2, the extracted GPSS 11 program flow- language. According to Datamation, dis- chart of Fig. 2 typifies a unit processing crete languages in their construction configuration. Unique and arbitrary "represent logical interactions as well as numbers identify the block modules in probablistic realities . . ." in contrast to the program. The block names are con- continuous simulation languages, for ex- stants specifying the kind of statistics to ample, MIDAS, DSL-90,and css~,that are be maintained by the program. In this constructed from differential equations case, the block name QUEUE tells the (5). Gpss 11 can be learned by non-pro- computer to keep track of processing de- fessional programmers within two weeks. lays at a table called Queue #I (Ql). Gpss 11 assumes that any system may be BOTH controls the direction of workflow; generally described in terms of the time the program will first attempt to place consumed by its activity. The language exiting items at a block to the left before utilizes a "block concept" that defines trying the block directly below. HOLD reality by identifying the volume and fre- represents a block type that collects data quency of input, the delay factor, and on the amount of work done at work sta- the direction and volume of output for tions and saved at a table called Facility 281 No. Block Name

Queue Table No. Next lock Choice

Delay Faci l i ty Time Table No.

t Fig. 2. Typical GPSS II Data Elements

2 (F2). The HOLD block will keep each model, 360 minutes (6 hr.) represents a item for 10 clock units as directed by the fully utilized work day out of a 71/2 hr. delay time. day. Due to the simplicity and flexibility of GPSS 11 programs can often be coded directly from slightly modified general Statistical Output flowcharts (compare Figs. 3 and 4). In Gpss 11 output consists of a standard- Fig. 4, Block Kos. 3 and 13 refer to a ized format (Table 2) that produces sta- classifier while Block Nos. 6 and 11 refer tistics for: to a cataloger. A function (FN) defines a variable delay time at these work sta- 1) Unit processing times, tions. QUEUEblocks have been placed be- 2) Processing unit work load within a fore each work station to note the si~e system, and duration of delays. Binding and 3) Processing unit subsystem utiliza- shelf listing have not been simulated, but tion, and a TAI~UIATE block was p~~tin to mark ovei- 4) Processing unit queuing character- all serial cataloging time. Although it is istics. not needed, an AI)VA~CVblock with a delay time of two weeks denotes serials sent The output (TRANS COUNTS in Table 2) to' the bindery. In this model new serials shows that after one week of simulation enter the system from the ORIGINATE time 180 new serials had entered the block on the average of one every 10 min. system through Block #1 and that none (plus or minus a rectangular distribution are now at Block #l. The cataloger de- of 6 min.). Variable input rates and picted at Block #11 processed 117 serials loads can be programmed. Table 1 de- without incurring any lasting backlogs picts the subsequent program listing. since no serials are waiting at Block #lo. The program is instructed to simulate Looking at the output labelled FACILITY 1800 min. (5 work days), print out its NR 11 (referring to the cataloger), one results, and erase itself. In this particular sees that cataloging occupied 43.76% of Fig. 3. General Flowchart of Serials Cataloging

*cce3rion

shelf Lirr

$stacks

Fig. 4. Program Flowchart of Serials Cataloging 283 Table 1. Program Listing

17 13 19 25 31 37 45 49 55 61 67

$JOB $EXECUTE FORTRAN 7/8 (system end-of-file) $ID * XEQ (column binary GPSS II) * DATA LOC NAME X SEL NBA NBB M M REMARKS *NEW SERIAL CATALOGING 11 ORIGINATE .35 10 2 10 6 INPUT 22 QUEUE 2 3 3 HOLD 3 4 FN3 3 FUNCTION RNl CLASSIFY, ADD SUBJECT HEADINGS .03 30 .05 20 25 8 .65 7 .75 6 .85 5 .95 4 4 ADVANCE 5 3600 BINDERY 5 QUEUE 5 6 6 HOLD 6 14 FN2 2 FUNCTION RNI COMPLETE CATALOGING PROCESS .o 1 30 .02 20 .14 12 .29 10 .44 8 .69 7 .84 6 .99 4 1.0 3 10 QUEUE 10 11 11 HOLD 11 12 FN2 12 QUEUE 12 13 13 HOLD 13 14 FN3 14 TABULATE 14 .05 15 13 14 TABLE M1 12 15 TERMINATE START END 7/8 (system end-of-file)

the individual's work week while average taxed facilities. Although no facilities processing time was 13.25 min. per serial. indicate heavy utilization in Table 2, This does not mean that the cataloger Q~JEUEoutput data for Queue #12 may was not busy at other jobs in reality. be indicating that a backlog is develop- AVERAGEUTILIZATION must be inter- ing. The AVLRAGE CONTENTS for Queue preted in light of all duties of an indi- #12 was only 4, but MAXIMUM CONTFNTS &lual. ~llisparticular model does not and CURRENT CONTENTS are 9. Hence, one show other functions. On the other might assume that this queue is increas- hand, one should not necessarily expect ing. A longer simulation run with inter- high utilizations for every operation if mediate printouts would establish the these are not full time tasks. nature of the queue. As a rule of thumb, 80% utilization Finally the item, TAI1I E 1 1, in Table 2 of an individual's work day serves as a describes serial transit time as a fre- realistic performance limit. Higher per- quency distribution. Of the 180 new centages for humans indicate areas of serials entering the system, 176 had com- stress within a system. These areas may pleted proces5ing at the termination of break down in the future. Exvlosive the run. MEAN transit time was 77.446 queues often accompany such heavily min. with a standard deviation of 14.746. Table 2. GPSS I1 Output CLOCK TIME REL 1800 ABS 1800 TRANS COUNTS BLOCK TRANS, TOTAL BLOCK TRANS, TOTAL BLOCK TRANS, TOTAL

FACILITY AVERAGE NUMBERS AVERAGE TRANS $TRANS N R UTILIZATION ENTRIES TIME/TRANS 3 .I706 63 5.29 0 0 6 .2134 62 12.64 0 0 11 .4376 117 13.25 0 0 13 .3997 115 6.74 1 0

QUEUE MAXIMUM AVERAGE TOTAL ZERO PERCENT AVERAGE TABLE CURRENT NR CONTENTS CONTENTS ENTRIES ENTRIES ZERO TRANS/TIME NO. CONTENTS 2 3 1 63 43 .667 8.47 0 0 5 6 4 63 20 .314 15.36 0 1 10 9 4 117 2 .02 9.64 2 0 12 9 4 126 0 .OO 14.79 4 9

TABLE NUMBER 14 MEAN ARGUMENT STANDARD DEVIATION ENTRIES IN TABLE MEAN ARGUMENT STANDARD DEVIATION 176 77.446 14.746

UPPER OBSERVED PERCENT CUMULATIVE CUMULATIVE MULTIPLE DEVIATION LIMIT FREQUENCY OF TOTAL PERCENTAGE REMAINDER OF MEAN FROM MEAN 60 84 47.1 2 47.1 52.9 .774 -.249 120 41 25.00 72.1 27.9 1.548 .604 180 28 16.35 88.5 11.5 2.322 1.458 240 2 1 11.54 100.0 .O 3.097 2.381 REMAINING FREQUENCIES ARE ALL ZERO

Examination of the frequency distribu- also learned. The library administrator tion reveals that processing time is or manager, as a minimal precaution, skewed slightly to the left. Almost half should familiarize himself with the limi- of the serials stayed less than an hour in tations of the systems study before at- the system, and only 11.5yo lingered for tempting to interpret model output. more than 1-1/, hours. This is a cardinal rule since output rep- As evidenced by Table 2, GPSS II out- resents an extension of all the assump put is convenient for cost control in re- tion of the input data. For librarians, lation to program budgeting. System this may involve more risk than in performance can be examined step-by- applications in process industry because step. Costing, however, must be done by libraries appear neither to have had ade- the analyst; the language cannot pro- quate means of studying past needs (or vide this information although linear past activities) nor to be developing programs are available for determining meaningful methods or measures quickly. optimum paths based on output. The reliability of cpss Ir model information is readily discerned in regard to Analysis of the Output the real world environment (7). If output reflects the relative stability of the Just as good systems analysis is an real system, one gains confidence in the acquired skill, good output analysis is original systems analysis data and sub- sequently in the model. This is estab- systems can be examined and experi- lished crudely by comparing the work mented upon without having to disturb load and queue sizes in the model to the the real system or to repeat the systems actual situation. Additional confidence study. accrues by comparing later model runs to previous results. However, model re- Models-Tools for Library Managers visions should be introduced into future, modified programs since incremental im- Deciding when to construct a model is provement of satisfactory models is un- nearly synonymous with the question of economical. when is a systems study necessary (11); Model complexity depends upon the the latter need not be just a system de- purpose of the simulation. The govern- signer's tool. Modeling can supply the li- ing principle, as K. W. Conway observes, brary administrator with data that man- is that of simplicity (8). It will be found, agement understands. By crystallizing too, that the very process of abstraction the effects of budget cuts, personnel strips away many non-essentials in the changes, and increasing work loads, both system (9). Gpss 11, in this regard, in- management and the librarian gain a cludes the option of allowing varying new perspective on library operations. levels of detail within a model as long as To optimize the value of simulation a relative clock time is maintained. As library must be committed to a policy of long as procedures remain fundamen- staff independence. While consultants tally unaltered, output data may be con- are useful during the initial preparation, sidered to be reliable. If substantial pro- they comprise an expensive and incon- cedural revisions are included in models venient commodity. Much of the worth of modified systems, output is opened to of a model resides in its timeliness. contention. Proposed systems should be Hence, library personnel themselves as discretely defined as a model of the must be able to modify the model to extant system. In such situations, the achieve its maximum exploitation. technique can be at least employed to in- For such reasons, simulation repre- dicate those facets containing unforeseen sents a significant but limited planning disadvantages. device for libraries. Its ability to project As utilized by the New Yo]-k St:~tcLi- increasing work loads on existing systems brary, simulation has emphasized the de- is beneficial to administrators. Its use to picting of current operations. This em- reflect upon effective staff placement is phasis reflects the library's interest in also desirable. But its use as a central learning about the limitations of the dcterminant in testing the utility of pro- technique; in part it reflects the li- posed operations is hazardous until library's need to acquire an objective gen- brary functions and the needs of library eral view of itself. But to employ sirnula- users are defined more rigorously. tion merely to depict present conditions A model is designed to relate to the can become an inefficient application. specific features of a system (I,?), and Such an approach does not necessarily one must be careful to use it within that provide one with a planning tool, but framework. In summary, simulation can supplies arguments for instituting future provide the administrator with a stand- changes within an organization. ard of present system performance Ilarvin Adelson notes that motleling against which proposed well-defined sys- by itself will not indicate either where tems may be tested. procedural relision or- simplification is possible, where political struct~~ringis Notes and References influential, or where values and goals are 1. Kowe, Alan J. / Computer Simulation- inadequate (10). The technique accorn- ,I Solution Technique for hlanagement plishes no more than any other type of Problems. Proceedings of the Fall Joint systems analysis in this aspect. Its advan- Computer Conference. (N.Y., ACM, 196.5). tage is that once models are constructed, p. 259-60. 2. Brown, Warren B. / Model-Building and Organizations. Acad.Mgt. 10:177 (Jun 1967) 3. A similar project was dropped by Colum- bia University due to lack of funds. 4. For an excellent discussion of computer simulation techniques, see: Vichnevetsky, Robert / Simulation in Research and Development. N.Y., American Manage- ment Association, 1969. Its Bulletin no. 125. 5. Second Conference in Applications of Simulation. Datamation 15: (no. 2) 87 (Feb 1969) 6. Specific information on cpss 11 is contained in IBM Manual B20-6364. 7. Fallacies in digital simulation are discussed in: Gaskill, R. A. / Fact and Fallacy in Digital Simulation. Simulation 5:309-13 (Nov 1965) 8. Conway, R. W. / Verification of Com- puter Simulation Models. Mgt.Sci. 6:98 (Oct 1959) 9. Brady, Milton W. / Using GPSS Simula- tion in Operations Research. Sys.Afgt. 21: (no. 1) 19 (Jan 1969) 10. Adelson, Marvin / The Systems Ap- proach: A Perspective. Wilson Library Bulletin 42: (no. 2) 71 1-15 (Mar 1968) 11. St.Pierre, Paul and Chapman, Edward A./ Systems Study as Related to Library Operations. (N.Y. AD1 Conference, Oct 1968), p.2-3. Paper prepared for a pre- conference institute. 12. Alexis, Marcus and Wilson, Charles / Organizational Decision-Making. N.J., Prentice Hall, 1967. p.343.

Received for review May 28, 1969. Ac- cepted for publication Jan 7, 1970.

Mr. Stephens was assistant librarian for computer applications at the New York State Library in Albany. He is now sys- temslserials librarian at Rensselaer Poly- technic Institute, Troy, N.Y. 121-81. Use of Microfilm in an Industrial Research Library

Virginia L. Duncan and Frances E. Parsons

E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Central Research Department Lavoisier Library, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19898

riodical subscription program is also With the introduction of Chemical computer based. Abstracts on 16mm film and the avail- Lavoisier Library has a staff of 28 ability of high speed reader-printers, du people, including professionally trained Pont's Lavoisier Library in cooperation librarians and catalogers, assistants, and with a commercial microfilm firm, ini- clerical personnel. The library serves primarily some tiated a program to microfilm basic sci- 1,400 technical people at the Experi- entific periodical sets in chemistry, phys- mental Station and to a limited extent ics and biology. Library user and staff the laboratories and plants at other lo- reaction to the microfilm program, with cations. The library is open twenty-four special emphasis on Biological Abstracts, hours a day, seven days a week. The is discussed. A brief description of space services offered are those common to requirements for films, reader-printers many research libraries including prep- and storage of supplies is also included. aration of bibliographies and literature searches, purchase of all literature (except patents), operation of a translation service, and interlibrary loan service. LAVOISIERLIBRARY is one of 30 li- The library also maintains and operates braries in the du Pont Company, and is a number of departmental reading located at the Experimental Station, rooms in the Experimental Station area. which is the major research center for LVe issue two monthly bulletins, Addi- the company. The library's collection re- tio?is to the Library and Calendar of Scz- flects all fields of the company's interests cntific Meetings. but is particularly strong in chemistry, Our 16mm microfilm program was be- physics, engineering and biology. There gun when we acquired Chemical Ab- are more than 65,000 bound volumes of ~trnctson 16mm microfilm in September periodicals and books, and extensive col- 1966. Because no other scientific journals lections of pamphlets, technical trade were available in that form at the time, literature, and government reports and we enlisted the assistance of a commercial documents. About 1,500 periodicals are microfilm organization. received regularly. One copy of all im- Test films were made of some basic portant titles is retained in the library titles in chemistry, physics, and biology. for reference while multiple copies of The results were very gratifying. As a about 600 journals are available for au- result we added the following to our tomatic circulation throughout the Ex- collection: Annalen der Chemie (Lie- perimental Station area with assistance big's); Chernz~chcBerzchtc; Conzpte~ren- from the IBM 360120 computer. Our pe- dm, Acacle'mie des sciences; Angewandte Chemie; Zeitschrift fur anorganische uncl tion, the equipment inanufactuiers pro- allgemeine Chcmie; Biochemische Zeit- vide very prompt and excellent service. sclwift; and Zeitschrift fiir l'ltysik. These To give some idea of costs, here are titles were filmed for the period open to estimates based on our 1968 statistics. public domain (through 1910); the re- The paper costs approximately $251300 mainder of our holdings are in hard copies, or $0.08/copy. Developer solu- copy. Though originally filmed for us, tions cost about $O.Ol/copy for a total these titles are now conlnlercially avail- of $0.09/copy. In addition, machine able from our supplier. rentals 'lverage 3 100/month/machine. The American Chemical Society pub- It'itll five reader-printers, the storage lications leased on 1Gmm film (through space for supplies of paper and develop 1969) include Analytical Chemistry, ing solutions becomes appreciable. Chemical and Engineering News, ]our- The film cartridges are shelved in the nal of the American Chemical Society, stacks using a wooden strip approxi- and Industrial and Engineering Chern- mately 5"D x 351/2"\V on the back of istry. The last five years of these titles each shelf. The strip keeps the cartridges are retained in hard copy also. The five- in a straight line at the front of the shelf. year period was chosen arbitrarily and The bound volumes (1940+) of each ti- will be adjusted as users' needs dictate. tle are shelved along with the microfilm. 13iological A bstracts was added in Jan- uary 1969. Table 1. Storage Capacity: Bound Volumes Four of our five reader-printers are vs. Microfilm in the Reading Room, and the fifth is Bound Volumes Microfilm on the third of our four stack levels. No. Linear No. Linear Having the reader-printers in the Reatl- Title Shelves Ft. Shelves Ft. ing Room is not a satisfactory arrange- Biological ment because the machines are very Abstracts 11 noisy, especially when all four are being (without indexes) used at once. In addition, two of the ina- v.1-49 (1 92668) chines in the Reading Room were re- 11 8 cartridges turned to the factory for a modification Chemical which has reduced the time required to Abstracts 30 make a print. An adapter kit-which (including increased the speed of the print cycle- semi-annual indexes but not was installed in each machine. As a re- cumulatives) sult, there has been an increase in the v.1-69 (1 90768) frequency of noise generated by the 165 cartridges

printers. To minimize the noise prob- American Chemical lem in the Reading Room, which has Society Journal 15+ high ceilings and metal shelving, we v.1-90 (1 879-1 968) have both an acoustical ceiling and deep 123 cartridges pile nylon carpeting as well as heavy draperies at all the windows. Neverthe- In general, microfilm has been well re- less, the four reader-printers still gen- ceived by both library patrons and staff. erate enough noise to bring complaints When we acquired Chemical Ab~tracts from our patrons. We have no separate on microfilm, we put the film and room where these machines can be lo- reader-printer in the Reading Room for cated. We are looking into the possi- maximum exposure. We did not remove bility of noise reducers. any of our four bound sets of Chemical The reader-printers receive regular Abstracts. Nobody was forced to use the routine maintenance from a member of microfilm. The easy-to-use cartridge ma- the library staff. All solutions are flushed chine, quick access to individual about at least once a day and minor id- stracts, and high-quality photocopies justments made as necessary. In addi- helped make the selling job easier. JULY-AUGUST1970 Some of the disadvantages are that all frames. The density of one title page was film is not always easy to read; and it 2.37 and the density of another was 2.49. can be tiring to the eyes, particularly if Density on a page of abstracts was 1.96 many references are to be checked at one (films can have a density from 0.0 to 3.0). time. Film increases the time needed to The generally accepted range for micro- answer reference questions if no copy is film is 0.9-1.1 and the higher the density needed. Reader-printers may be tempo- the greater the loss in resolution; 1.96 rarily inoperative beca'use of film jams is high, yet the resolution is very good. or because the printer runs out of paper Reader-printer copies from Biological and/or developing solution. Checking in Abstracts have very good quality. the cartridges on receipt takes more time On further inspection of the film, one than checking in bound volumes and is notes frames around each page and more tedious. Each reel needs to be run "blips" at the bottom of each page. through the machine and rewound to Double "blips" appear at irregular inter- adjust the tension on the film. Spot vals of three to ten or more pages. The checking of each reel for coding (on "blips" are useless as coding devices be- film) and print-outs is needed. Labels cause they can not be seen when the film and coding on cartridges should be spot is run through the machine even at a checked. This is more of a problem at reasonably low speed. Both the "blips" present when so many s~tsare being and the frames use up very valuable film acquired than it will be later when only space. On one specific frame in Abstract one or two reels/year/title will be added. No. 71719 (v. 46) the name of the journal We were asked to place particular em- appears but the remainder of the refer- phasis on Biological Abstracts on micro- ence is omitted. The margin was cut so film when we were invited to prepare close that the last line of print was this paper for presentation at the 1969 lost. This is the only frame on which we SLA Conference. The microfilm edition have observed this defect however. became available in November 1968, It has been suggested that reduction and-as indicated earlier-we added it ratio be recorded on the cartridges, so to our collection in January 1969. Since the user will know which of three lenses this has been such a short time, we do to use (18x, OX, or 23x). not have as much user reaction to report In summary, we feel that good quality, as we would like. However, we can list high resolution 16mm microfilm of the the following observations. scientific literature is a very acceptable Having an abstract journal such as substitute for the bound sets. The film Biological Abstracts on film presents cer- is certainly less expensive than adding a tain advantages and adds something of new wing to the library building! We a new dimension to preparation of bib- expect that about 50% of our periodical liographies and literature searches. For collection will be converted to 16mm example, a client requests a list of all microfilm and we can continue to live in papers by a given author or all references the present building for at least the next on a certain subject for the last ten years. five years. The appropriate indexes are searched and references listed, possibly several Received for review Oct 10,1969. Revised hundred. The searcher can then locate manuscript accepted for publication the appropriate cartridges of film and May 26,1970. make photocopies of each abstract, or request that the copies be made for him Mrs. Duncan is librarian and bliss by a library clerk. For numerical se- Parsons, assistant librarian of the Lavoi- quencing, to expedite copying, we use ~ierLibrary at the du Pont Experimental a 360/20 program. Station, Wilmington, Delaware. Pre- With regard to the film itself, reduc- sented at a meeting of the Chemistry Di- tion appears to be about 22~.Spot vision on Jun 2, 1969 during SLA's 60th checks were made for density on a few Annual Conference in Montreal. --- SLA 61st Conference Detroit1970 both fun and hard work. In 1946 when Air University was founded, she decided to try another branch of the armed services and came to Maxwell AF Base, Ala- bama, where a new school was being established for the USAAF (later the USAF) and where a large library was being planned. Here she has remained and here her contributions to our profession have been made. Beginning as a cataloger she has held various positions in the organization: branch librarian at the Special Staff School at Craig AFB in Selma, Alabama; reference librarian and bibliographic assistant at the main library at Maxwell; branch librarian of the Air \Var College Florine Alma Oltman Library, top ranking school of the Air Force (when\ that school moved to new quarters removed from the main li- SLA President 1WO/'i' 1 brary); and chief of the Bibliography Branch, the position she now holds. For over ;en years she has now been riding herd over eight bibliographers. No easy task! Her charm-she can charm HE PROVERBIAL TEXAN "they" the 1io;ns off the toughest long-horned T say is lean, mean, rough, tough and steer in the whole Southwest-tact, good and hard to handle! The new President sense and intelligence have combined to of SLA is lean, not a mean streak in her, create an unusual but vitally important neither rough nor tough, and easy to service adjunct of the Air University Li- handle-if you give her her own way! So brary, greatly adding to the library's out- much for the accuracy of proverbs! standing reputation as the top library A Texan she is-born and bred! Fla- in the Air Force. tonia, about halfway between Houston 'IVith all this she has found time to and San Antonio and really "deep in the write articles for publication in library heart of," was her home through high professional literature, and to be active school. Later the family moved to San in local AAUW circles. She has actively Marcos where Florine attended South- supported and assisted in the American west Texas State College and earned her indoctrination of Allied officers at Air AR deLgreein 1937. Library School, Uni- University, a work she has found richly versity of Denver, during the summers rewarding in that it has given her a thereafter was over hlapelli's delicatessen chance to use a foreign language CSpan- shop-beloved by all wartime Denver ish) which in turn has helped on visits Library School graduates; in 19/12 she re- to '~exico,on her official visit as conceived .her BS degree in Library Science. sultant on library plans to the Venezue- School library work interested her first lan Air Force in .~&cas, and in enlarg- after she left Southwest Texas State, in- ing an already overwhelming host of terspersed with summers in Denver, but friends around tlie world. She's no flower after 1943 she transferred her affection grower but she is a darn good cook and to federal service and she hasn't switched plays a mean hand of bridge. devotion since. From 1943 to 1946 it was the US Naval Air Station at Pensa- JOHNKENNETH CAMERON cola, Florida, and tlie Naval Hospital Marquette University Library there where wartime experiences were Milwaukee, Wisconsin SLA in a New Decade

Florine Oltman

WHENWE LOOK toward the future of Special Libraries Association, the future may be difficult to predict. As I see it, the Association's structure may changc -its name may change-our people will change-our methods will change- but our basic purpose will not change. I am honored to have the privilege of serving as your President in the coming year. It has already been very rewarding to see enthusiastic responses to my requests for Committee members and to know the caliber of the Board of Directors with whom I will work in your interest. With active participation on your part, I hope that together we can initiate programs of excellence for Special Libraries Association in the Seventies of which we can be proud.

We have always been dedicated to Another aspect of our Association service. Our reputation for innovation which I feel should have increased em- and for flexibility of our approach to our phasis in the Seventies is international problems will continue. The new tech- cooperation. We call ourselves an inter- nology will require infinitely more of us, national organization and our Canadian and the role of decision-making in such members have made and are making ma- an era becomes more critical as the costs jor contributions. Are there other coun- of the wrong decisions mount monumen- tries that can be-and should be-rep- tally. Throughout the country this year resented in our membership? We have we have seen evidences of austerity budg- cooperated with developing countries by ets and reduced personnel. Can we con- consultation, by contributions and in li- vince our managements that the curtail- brary education. Can we do more? lt ment of library services is false economy? seems to me that Divisions have greater It is indeed a challenge. Parenthetically, opportunities because of their subject let each of us answer the question: What emphasis to provide guidance in this have I done for my management lately? area. I am sure that many of our mem- As we enter the Seventies, it seems to bers are often called on for advice by our me that we have two concerns: One is counterparts in other countries and other with our organization, Special Libraries continents. Hopefully, we may find an Association, and the other is with our increased interest in the interchange of profession as a whole-many times the ideas with countries whose interest in two are inseparable. special types of library service will be in- In our organization I think that our creasing. primary concern is to develop our leatl- ership capabilities among those who will have the responsibility for our Associa- He may think he is the boss at work, but for the next tion in the next decade. Our 1970 salary year SLA Prexy Florine Oltman is "boss" of SLA- survey revealed that 607" of our mem- including Air University's Bob Lane. bers are over 40. What can we do to develop those now between 25 and 35? What must we do to attract more of the 20's and 30's to our ranks so that we can benefit from their enthusiasm and drive, coupled with a certain amount of experience and maturity? This is where our Chapter and Committee activities can provide great opportunities. In our profession we will need to continue our emphasis on continuing education, on basic education for librarianship, and on our cooperation with other related organizations. Our active participation in recruitment programs is critical as we try to solve our manpower problems. We can be proud of our activities and leadership in these areas, and our projected activities speak well of our organization. As individuals we have a continuing responsibility in our day-today contacts. In a bulletin of one of our Divisions concern was expressed that SLA may be de-emphasizing its subject orientation and be .concerning itself primarily with techniques and technology to the detriment You're in Office Now, Madame President-and Here's of the humanistic aspects of librarian- the Gavel as a Legal Weapon! ship. I, too, would be concerned if I felt this were a threat. However, I be- I hope that each of you will accept lieve that if you examine any one of our your double role in developing our tech- Divisions, you will find that there exists nologies and in developing our human a humanistic effort basic to the activities resources. of the Divisions. At the end of the Sev- enties I hope that SLA members can Miss Oltman's Inaugural Address was pre- point with pride to the Association's con- sented at the Annual Meeting on Jun 10, tributions to both the utilization of tech- 1970 during SLA's 61st Conference, Detroit, nology and our human resources. Michigan.

SLA Board of Directors 1970/71

Seated (left to right): Treasurer Janet M. Rigney, President Florine Oltman, President-Elect Efren W. Gonzalez, and Edythe Moore (Secretary of the Board). Standing: Loyd R. Rathbun, Miriam H. Tees, Advisory Council Chairman-Elect Mrs. Jeanne B. North, Advisory Council Chairman Keith G. Blair, Past President Robert W. Gibson, Jr., John P. Binnington, Rosemary R. Demarest, and Burton E. Lamkin. 294 SPECIALLIBRARIES The State of the Association A Report by the President 1969/70

Robert W. Gibson, Jr.

PECIAL LIBRARIESASSOCIATION is alive and kicking! In fact, the Conference S Planning Committee felt so strongly the refreshing air of change that they chose as our theme, The Changing Face of Special Libraries. Each President has an obligation to make a State of the Association report to the members, instead of giving in to that pleasant tendency to make a valedictory address. Each person who is privileged to be elected President of the Association assumes his duties with high hopes to accomplish many things. He approaches his office with a basic program to be fulfilled, and with dreams of even richer programs to follow. The simple fact, however, is that a one-year term of office makes it impossible for any President to develop a real action program. Never- theless, we have made several significant steps forward during the past year- steps that I would like to discuss with all SLA members.

As I indicated at the 1969 Annual which includes a list of the Association's Meeting in Montreal, there were three Committees and their responsibilities, areas which I intended to promote dur- quickly indicates that many Committees ing my term of office. The first area was have overlapping functions and are seem- to have been continuation of a project ingly redundant. Accordingly, the Board begun during my year as President-Elect: of Directors accepted the first recommen- an attempt to learn what our member- dations of the Committee on Commit- ship is thinking. This area properly tees and eliminated nine Standing Com- should have been subtitled "Individual mittees whose functions or responsibilities Involvement." During the year, Chapters have been assigned to existing paral- in their bulletins and in their later re- lel Committees. The Admissions Com- ports indicated that many Chapters did mittee was combined with the Member- pick up at least one of my challenge ship Committee. Personnel and Statistics questions for development and discus- Committees were merged into the Stan- sion, either at a specified meeting or as a dards Committee. The Academy of Book "project-of-the-year." Awards Committee was abolished. All five Publications Committees were elimi- The second area-and one that mer- nated in favor of an Editorial Advisory ited special concentrated effort-was the Board for all publications. Actions of Committee structure of our Association. the Board of Directors at meetings dur- The Committee on Committees accepted ing this Conference have reduced the most seriously the Board's challenge to number of Standing Committees even review all of the Association's Commit- further. tee structure. This was evidenced by the When I urge the need for greater in- first report delivered at the 1970 Mid- volvement by our members and-at the winter meeting in Atlanta. same time-I talk about consolidating SLA has had a history of adding new Committees, some of you may see a con- Committees to its structure whenever the tradiction. Perhaps, you read "abolishing need arose, but unfortunately the Asso- Committees" as meaning abolishing the ciation has been loath to disband a opportunity for active participation in Committee when its function was no Association affairs. But I speak from con- longer vital to Association activities. A clusions drawn over many years of per- perusal of our Membership Directory, sonal experience within the Association. A large number of inactive people are library organizations to meet and discuss included on various Committees. Inac- their problems. Ultimately, a workable tive members of Committees often force cooperative solution would develop and inaction on the Committee as a whole. be instituted. Redundancy is a poor solution to this The Special Committee suggested that problem of Association structure. Re- CNLA divest itself of the operational dundancy does not solve the lack of mem- type of activities it has been engaged in ber involvement. in recent years and return to its original A companion study running concur- concepts. This critique has been for- rently with the study of our overstruc- warded to CNLA for discussion and con- tured organization is the effort of a Spe- sideration. cial Committee appointed to study the overall relationships of the Divisions and Lest you have the mistaken idea that the Advisory Council to the Association. the aforementioned areas are the only The controversial report of this group ones in which positive action was accom- has, at the very least, invoked much plished during the year, let me refer you thought among the Association's mem- to the annual publication of reports of bers. The report may prove to be of far- SLA's Committee which will appear in reaching importance to the future of the September 1970 issue of Special Li- SLA. braries. Any State of the Association Report The third area where the Association would be incomplete without mention needed to expend greater effort was in of areas where attention is still needed. discussions with other library associa- An immediate problem is to employ a tions with the aim of closer cooperation replacement for our Executive Director, in areas of mutual concern. A Special George H. Ginader, who has resigned. Committee to study cooperation with re- The Selection Committee is under the lated associations presented a report to able direction of one of our Past Presi- the Board at its 1970 Midwinter meet- dents, Mrs. Elizabeth R. Usher; and this ing. This report pointed out that instead Committee is pushing to find a suitable of creating some new forum for mutual successor. discussions, SLA should attempt to revi- Secondly, both as an Association and talize an already existing forum, namely, as individual members, we must begin CNLA (Council of National Library As- to think more progressively. We must sociations). As an historical note, we must discard, whenever and wherever possible, remember that CNLA was for all practi- the parochialism imposed in the past by cal purposes inspired and created by individual subject areas, geographic areas SLA. Over the years, however, CNLA and employer areas. We are part-an has lost its original direction: To pro- important part-of a total library com- vide an opportunity for interest-related munity, with all signs pointing toward the necessity and desirability of our emergence a& an important segment of one or several of the information networks now being developed. Cooperative action, resulting from dialogs with related societies, -dictates continued and expanded discussions and positive interactions. Conversely, the proliferation of library-type associations, unless checked, will lead to such a dilution of effort that no one of the groups will be truly effective-either as a spokesman for a significant segment of the library community or as a base to support the aims and needs of its members.

I should not close the State of the As- sociation Report without mentioning the progress in merger talks with the Ameri- can Society for Information Science, and information for us to organize- and which you all know as ASIS. A full dis- control on every problem. cussion during the Board meeting in De- Whatever we decide to accomplish troit has led to a resolution supporting within the Special Libraries Association merger. So work will continue in full must be arriied at in view of our dace trust that present difficulties can be rea- in society. We must be aware-and make sonably resolved. our managements aware-of how our own small-area of life may be changed to better the world. Dean William H. Reynolds of the School of Business Ad- ministration, Wayne State University, our Keynote Speaker at the Opening Ses- sion of this Conference, used this ap proach as a basis for his remarks titled "How to Program Management." Librar- ians are educators, and educators are li-

brarians. It is ur,I to us. If our commitment to SLA's slogan to Put Knowledge to Work has any rele- vancy today, it lies in putting knowledge to work in bettering, in improving, in correcting the life style of our society All of the foregoing items are important to us as special librarians. But I and in insuring the future for us and for propose-in closing-that these prob- all of our children. Is SLA capable of meeting its self-flung challenges? Yes, but lems, these concerns, pale beside the we must work together from our stated greater concerns of society and of man- commitment toward our envisioned goal. kind which we face conjoined with other men and women of the world. Special Libraries Association is alive and kicking! Ecology, air pollution, war, racism, poverty, population explosion, noise pol- Mr. Gibson's Presidential Krport was pre- lution, water pollution, tensions from sented at thr Annual Meeting on ~un-10, overcrowding, urban decay-the list is 1970 during SLA's 61~1Conference, U~trott, almost overwhelming. There is literature Alichigan. Treasurer's Report

Jean Deuss

HE audited statement of Special Li- Currently, our financial position is T braries Association for the fiscal year steady with the rate of increase in in- ended Sep 30, 1969, published in the come almost equal to the rate of increase May/June 1970 issue of Special Libraries, in expenditures. However, strict controls shows an excess of operating expendi- and more income will be required to tures over income of $16,000. The usual maintain this balance. fund transfers and the carry-over bal- Three years ago the Association set ance from the previous year places our two financial goals: to achieve sounder net cash position at the end of the fiscal fiscal management through tighter budget year in the black by $117,000. There control and to expand the sources of in- were a number of unanticipated ex- come through an investment program. penses in salaries, in office services and in A foolproof budgetary control system the production of Special Libraries that has not yet been attained. Certain ex- were only in part offset by less than penditures such as those in connection budgeted expenses for employee benefits, with the unit record control system were member services and allotments, and hard to anticipate, and staff turnover in public relations. the accounting function has prevented Total income recorded for FY 1969 the consistent flow of financial reporting. was $369,000, an increase of $56,000 over The most satisfactory progress has the previous year, and attributable to been in the Association's investments. the dues increase. No corresponding in- The program had been begun in 1961 creased income is recorded for periodical with an investment of $30,000 of the Re- subscriptions and for book sales because serve Fund in mutual funds. The mar- of delayed billing toward the end of the ket value of the mutual funds on Mar 31, fiscal year. 1970 was $50,000. Since 1968 we have, at regular intervals, put current excess op erating funds (ranging from $30,000 to $70,000) to work by buying short-term Income for the first six months (Oct 1, paper at interest from 6-8l/,%. In Apr 1969-Mar 31, 1970) was $237,000 or $20,- 1970, in accordance with Board action, 000 less than for the same period in the $50,000 of the Reserve Fund and $10,000 previous year. This decrease is largely of the Scholarship Fund were placed in a attributable to delayed recording of in- special investment advisory account as a come for the publications programs. Our start toward a program for long-range in- expenses for this period, $196,000, are come growth. $33,000 ahead of the same period last At this Conference in Detroit we are year. Unanticipated expenditures of learning the changes we must make to $12,000 for retirement benefits, increase continue to put knowledge to work. As of $5,000 in office services expenses and an Association, we must continue to $8,000 in audit fees are the factors con- learn the changes we must make to put tributing to the size of the expenditures. our money to work.

* The present fiscal year is a 15-month periotl Miss Deuss' report was p~esentedat the An- as a transition period so that SIA's fiscal year nual Meeting on Jun 10, 1970 during SLA's will coincide with the calendar year. 6lst Conference, Detroit, Michigan. Report of the Executive Director

George H. Ginader

Y THIRD ANNUAL REPORT Several thousand such changes are made M as Executive Director of Special during the concentrated three-month pe- " Libraries Association is for another year riod of membershiv renewals. A final filled with the activities which take place reminder sent from Headquarters re- in that central referral center known as garding delinquent dues for 1970 brought Association Headquarters. One of the in more than a 25% response in mem- fascinating questions of the age of spe- bership payments. It is the Membership cialization is how an Association of our Department that responds to requests for size (7,000 members) can become so com- membership lists, membership informa- plex, contain so many intricacies-con- tion, answers questions from persons in- sistencies in some cases and inconsis- terested in joining the Association and tencies in many more cases. processes new membership applications. This past Association year has seen a The Membership Department also fol- strengthening of procedures at Head- lows up on student members who are no quarters; some of these are still in a longer eligible to continue that class of developmental stage, especially in the membership because of the two-year Order Department which handles sub- limitation in our Bylaws, and encourages scription orders and renewals for our these former student members to join as four journals. regular members of the Association. Scholarship inquiries and applications Membership records are in good order are also received and processed by the and under excellent control. The Mem- Membership Department. During the bership Department under its competent past Association year more than 500 such and efficient manager, Ann Firelli, ex- inquiries were answered. Completed ap- amines every renewal which comes into plications were received from 68 stu- the office so that there can be proper dents for the three scholarship awards handling of the thousands of changes available for the 1970171 academic year. which take place each year when mem- The applications are reviewed for com- berships are renewed. Without doubt pleteness, referred to appropriate Chap- special librarians are the most flexible, ters for interviews and finally forwarded mobile group of persons in the profes to the Scholarship ~ommittkefor final sional community. Such mobility is to review and selection. the advantage of our members, but it Members who are interested in posi- does necessitate strict attention to all tion openings are referred by the Mem- changes of address, name, and Division, bership Department to Chapter Employ- Chapter and Section affiliations. There ment chairmen in the geographical area has been a marked improvement in mem- of interest. A "Position Wanted" ad in bership record management in the last Special Libraries is also suggested. 2% years. During the past year the Mem- bership Department has inaugurated a As you know, Special Libraries is one new system for more accurate and effi- of the products of the Publications De- cient processing of memberships-both partment. Frank McKenna is the Man- new and renewals. Thus, there will be ager of the Publications Department. more timely information on changes of His multiple responsibilities include address, changes of Chapters and/or editing Special Libraries, administrative Divisions, membership categories, etc. responsibility for Scientific Meetings, are revised to result in good published papers. One possible explanation for the build-up of the manuscript file is due to the correction of an impression which had existed that papers of some authors were not of interest to special librarians. Also, a good number of non-conference papers are now being received. Invita- tions have been extended to a number of persons to prepare papers and some in- , vited manuscripts are now coming in. News of the Association, "SLA News," and external news, "Vistas," are pre- Technical Book Reuiew Index and sented in separate clearly identified sec- T1-anslutions Register-Index. Scientific tions of each issue. Some Chapters are Meetings continues to be edited by Mar- now sending in early news of their meet- ian Holleman, and Albert Kamper edits ings and others are sending in narrative Technical Book Review Index. Transla- ieports on significant day-long meetings. tions Registe7.-Index is compiled at the A new section has been added, called John Crerar Library. The Association "Have You Seen?' In this section if suit- also publishes books, and the manager able photographs are available, the of the Publications Department must equipment or product is illustrated. By draw up production specifications and sending tear sheets to such manufactur- be responsible for both copy editing and ers, the journal has gained several ad- production editing. vertisers who had not previously been In the two years Frank McKenna has aware of our existence. been editor of Special Libraries there has Although the public relations func- been marked improvement in the con- tion was supposedly removed from the tent of this publication. Because the jour- Publications Department, it is necessary nal is the primary means of communica- to have brochures of the recruitment and tion with the Association, the editor has promotion type; and, of necessity, the concentrated his greatest- efforts in re- work in updating and producing some italizing Speczal Lzbrurzec.. For example, new brochures has been handled by the there are more editorial (non-advertis- Publications Department. 7 he content of ing) pages, that is, 13y0 more for both most of our brochures has been updated 1968 and 1969; more "SLA News," that and formats have been modernized. is, 8% for 1968 and lYyo for 1969; and From March 1968 through May 1970 more "Other News," that i4, 29% in -the period of time in which Frank 1968 and 6c,x;,in 1969. McKenna has been associated with the Two ye'us ago the manuscript file of Publications Department-nine new non- material for future issues of Speczal l.2- serial titles have been published. The Oraries was empty. There was no back- lo:,. of manuscripts waiting for publication. There is now a moderately com- fortable backlog that is equivalent to two or three issues. hlanuscripts are now reviewed by experts knowledgeable in the subject of the manuscript, in place of reviews by the Special Libraries Com- mittee. This changed procedure has been effective. Authors, in general, have accepted suggestions and criticisms from reviewers and/or the editor so that some manuscripts, originally rather mediocre, three titles published in this calendar administrative assistant to the Executive year are The Consolidated Index to Director is necessary; conceivably the Trarislations into English, compiled by Conference aspects could be combined the staff of the National Translations into this position. Hopefully, with some Center; The Efective Echo: A Diction- of these additional staff positions the ary of Aduertzsing Slogans, compiled by Headquarters staff will have the ability Valerie Noble, and Map Collections in to implement programs which may ema- the United States and Canada: A Dir~c- nate from a variety of sources within the tory. David K. Carrington edited the sec- Association. Hopefully also, the Board ond edition of Map Collections which of Directors will once again be a policy- was published on June 5. The Efective making body rather than having to Echo will be off the press in early August. spend time paying attention to house- This is certainlv a record of accom- keeping functions. plishments. However, it is an impossible work load on a department with only In my three years as Executive Direc- 336 authorized positions. Additional staff tor I have seen the resolution of many of is required in the Publications Depart- the uncertainties that existed three years ment, as well as in other areas of Head- ago. Headquarters serves as the business quarters operations. office of the Association; hopefully the work that has been done to conduct its The educational programs of the As- operations in a businesslike manner will sociation are gaining increasing impor- continue. The position of Executive Di- tance, and quite properly so. Recogniz- rector is one that I would characterize by ing the need for planning and keen four words beginning with the letter attention in this area as well as under- "I;": "fascinating, frustrating, forlorn lining the desire which has been ex- and Faustian." The past three years have press& for some time, but not imple- been all of these four things. In retro- mented, to have research carried on spect these years have been very reward- which will be meaningful to the field of ing, exciting and stimulating. I have special librarianship, there will initially enjoyed working with all of you indi- have to be another staff member at Head- vidually and collectively in the various quarters to combine staff work for both units of the Association. I look forward education and research functions. to our continuing contacts. With the Most Conference Committees would experience gained as your Executive Di- also agree that some of the functions rector, I look forward to a xery active they presentIy perform should also be role in the continuing development and staff functions. It is therefore a foresee- new direction of this Association. able need to create another additional position at Headquarters to take care of Conference planning and execution. For some time it has been apparent that an Advisory Council Report

19691'70

Helen J. Waldron

T WAS just four years ago that the for discussion, as the Board recognizes I outgoing chairman of the Advisory that the Chapter and Division Officers as Council, Herbert S. White, reported to a group are the most representative unit the general membership on the newly in the entire Association structure, since constituted Council. Thus the Advisory all subject interests, all geographic areas Council has now had five years of experi- and all shades of opinion are fully rep ence with its new membership, that is resented at each Council meeting. expanded to include Chapter Presidents- The fact that the Council's two officers Elect and Division Chairmen-Elect in or- sit on the Board of Directors and repre- der to provide some continuity to the sent the Council on that body makes it Council's deliberations. From my some- impossible for any Board to ignore- what biased point of view, these five either willfully or through sheer inertia years have seen a growth in the Coun- -recommendations from the Advisory cil's sense of responsibility and in its Council. The Council Chairman moves responsiveness to questions laid before for Board action on Council recommen- it for consideration. The Board of Di- dations and the Chairman-Elect seconds rectors seems increasingly willing to refer those motions. The Board must then dis- major questions of policy to the Council pose; it has no choice. Consequently, the

HE FULL committee has reviewed The Committee reviewed Chapter al- T the SLA Chapter Manual. The lotments for 1969/70 and recommended Manual is now undergoing corrections that the amount remain at $3.00 per in preparation for publication this sum- member until such time as Chapters dem- mer. In view of the format, the term onstrate a need for an increase. "Guidelines" rather than "Manual" is preferred. Continues on p. 304 voice of the general membership- defer action, pending further study of through its Council representatives-can the report. It did insist, however, on its make itself heard, can insist on being right to retain alternate representation heard, and can, if it chooses, exercise its to its own meetings. In addition, it ex- influence in a very positive way, as has pressed its deep concern that the mem- been demonstrated during these past few bership be kept fully informed on the yea1 s. subject of merger negotiations, and voted Specifically, during 1969/70, the Coun- to advise the Board that the Council cil dealt with such diverse matters as I) supports full Division representation in Association financial responsibility (it be- any merged organization. longs to the Board), 2) possibilities for In each case mentioned above, the an Association name change (deferred Council made clear its wishes, and com- until conclusion of the ASIS merger pletely fulfilled its function as an ad- talks), 3) reciprocal privileges between visory body. There could be no question and among library and information sci- in the Board's collective mind during ence professional organizations in the this Association year as to what that matter of dues (urged positive Board ac- representative body wanted and what it tion), 4) proposed changes in member- thought was important for the Associa- ship requirements (approved one set ini- tion. This is precisely what the Council tiated by the Bylaws Committee upon has been constituted to do. As Chair- instruction from the Board; and rejected man, I am as proud of the Council's per- another set initiated by the a group of formance as if I alone were responsible dissatisfied members), 5) the proposal for for these actions. 1 foresee continued an ASISISLA merger (by a straw vote challenging situations for the Council to approved the concept and recommended meet and deliberate on. With equal con- continued SLA efforts to provide a joint viction, I see it as a viable and important meaningful document), and 6) during participant in the future growth of the this Conference, heard an interim report Association. on recommended changes in Association structure, particularly as they relate to Miss Waldron presented thzs report at the the Divisions and to the Advisory Coun- Annual hleeting on Jun lo, 19iO du~ing cil. On this subject, the Council chose to SLA's hlst Conference, Detiozl, Michigan.

Division Liaison Officer 1969170

Charles Zerwekh, Jr.

LMOST ALL the energy of the Divi- viduals are located in the same geograph- A sions is concentrated in two activ- ical area. Some Divisions have local pro- ities: preparation of a Conference programs through the corresponding Groups gram and the publication of a bulletin. A within the structure of a large Chapter. few Divisions have on-going projects There is serious concern about the which are handled by an active group utility and function of Divisions within within the Division; usually, these indi- Coi~tlnrir.\on p. 305 303 Chapter Relations Committee (contd.) 0 Most Chapters had joint meetings with another SLA Chapter, or with another group with similar interests such as ASIS, American Records Management Association, Society of Technical Writers and Publishers, ACS Division of Chem- The Committee made an effort to meet ical Literature. each Chapter president at the 1970 Mid- 0 Major questions facing the Associa- winter meeting. This intent was com- tion such as merger, membership quali- municated to the Chapter presidents fications, or structure have been dis prior to the meeting. This role for the cussed by the Chapters. Committee should be encouraged and 0 Most Chapters investigated and re- expanded not only at Midwinter but at ported on dropped members. the Annual Conference and throughout 0 Average number of meetings per the year. With additional job demands, Chapter during the year was six. Committee responsibilities will have to be time shared. Thirty-six of the 37 chapters were rep- Whenever possible, the chairman has resented at the Midwinter meeting of included members of the committee in Chapter officers. This meeting received the activity. Hopefully, this will be con- favorable response from most of the tinued because as a "one-man" operation Chapters. The major complaint was that the responsibilities become extremely too little time was allotted to discuss time consuming. problems (something to be watched next In reviewing annual reports of the year). Chapters, I found several common prob- An area of concern to all Chapters was lem areas: accuracy and speedy reporting of decisions at the various Association meet- 0 Chapter area too large-thus prevent- ings. Chapters would like a short recap, ing full chapter involvement. including major decisions, immediately 0 Meeting day and time-a week day following the meeting so that informa- vs. Saturday. tion can be accurately reported in the 0 Job demands and staff shortages cut Bulletins. It was felt that this should down on time available for SLA respon- come from Association Headquarters. sibilities. The group also asked for a summary 0 Not enough communication between of the annual reports of the Bulletin chairmen of Association Committees and editors if one is prepared. their Chapter counterparts. Chapters to be visited in 1970/71 by: 0 Need for long range programming. 0 Lack of information from Headquar- President President-Elect ters especially in such areas as member- Florine Oltman Elren W. Gonzalez Boston Baltimore ship. Connecticut Valley New Jersey hlontreal Philadelphia Louisiana is the only Chapter which New York Pittsburgh has not had any activity this year. From Princeton-Trenton Virginia all indications, this situation is being Toronto \Vashirigton, D.C. cleared up and activity is anticipated Upstate New York for 1970171. The recommendation to discard the 0 Most Chapters discussed a Challenge regional concept for Chapter visits was Question. accepted by the Board at its Jan 1970 0 All but one of the Chapters published meeting. a bulletin. 0 Many Chapters had special projects Mfs. Trufis prer~nterl thu ??port at thr such as a Union List of Serials, Direc- Annual Afeetzng on Jlrrt lo. 1070 dio~ng tories, seminars, or workshops. SLA's hlst Confc~cnc(,,I)c,t~ozt, Mzchzgnn Division Liaison Officer(contd.) niques, technologies, and philosophies employed by members of the library profession. Whether we are museum librarians, insurance librarians, or petroleum librarians, each of us uses techniques and technologies which in some in- our Association. Most of this concern is stances are unique to our own special expressed as a general feeling of discon- group and in some instances common to tent with things the way they are, but all types of librarians. "Technical" in most of the Divisions have done very this sense does not mean scientific. little that is specific or concrete. An out- 4. We recommend that the present standing exception is the Petroleum Di- formal Division structure be replaced vision which formed a special Committee with informal comparable employer fo- to Study Petroleum Division Functions rums. and more generally to study the reasons These suggestions from the Petroleum for other Divisions within the Associa- Division may not alleviate the current tion. Several observations taken from that sense of discomfort about this Division's report are: activities, but they are given with a sense 1. In the labyrinth of responsibilities of vital excitement that may well spark imposed on Divisions by Association by- constructive action. laws and administrative directives, Divi- A cursory examination of the "Divi- sion members have lost sight of their sion Programs at a Glance" [Special Li- original purpose. braries fil: no.3, 159 (Mar 1970)l gives 2. Competition among Divisions for the impression that Divisions are indeed time to present formal programs at the active at the Annual Conference; There Annual Conference and a vying for the are 158 activities on this list. But, 37 are "best program at the Conference" award open houses, 54 are lunches, and 3 are in the unofficial contest have led to im- breakfasts; these total 94. The remaining possible scheduling problems for the 64. items include 23 business sessions. Conference Chairman--odd hours for Thus there are only 41 slots in the pro- meetings, juggling of meeting rooms be- gram that are truly Division oriented cause of unexpected attendance at some and 24 of these are joint, leaving only 17 Division meetings, pre- and post-confer- of the 158 that are truly programs spon- ence scheduling because of lack of time sored by a single Division. These are for meetings during the Conference. The mostly tours or visits. latest trend, that of several Divisions This report does not reflect a true joining forces to present a pro\gram at cross-section of Division activities be- the Annual Conference, alleviates only cause it is based primarily on written part of the problem. annual reports received from only 13 of 3. We do not think that the respon- the 23 Divisions. The remaining 10 Divi- sibility for Conference programs on li- sions have not yet submitted an Annual brary methods and techniques which are Keport. Last year the corresponding re- applicable to the general membership turn was 14 out of 22. Last year frequent should rest with the Divisions, but should repeated reminders were sent to the Divi- be the responsibility of the Association sion Officers. This year only two re- :is a whole and handled by the Conler- minder schedules were given to the Divi- ence Program Chairman through what sion Officers. The results produced by arc now referred to as the General Ses- two vastly different techniques are sub- sions, u~,by the establishment of a Tech- stanti;~llythe same. nical Program Committee with a chairman responsible for each of the sessions. Mr. Zerzci~kh's rcporl 7c1c[s ,bt.rsc.ntc'rl at the The term "technical" as used in this Annual Mecting on Jun 10, 1970 during report is meant to encompass the tech- SLA's 61st Confcrcncc, Uctroit, Alithigan. Resolutions Adopted at the Annual Meeting, Jun 10, 1970

Resolutions of Appreciation To Rabbi Leon Fram and Rt. Rev. Msgr. Clement H. Kern for religious inspiration: To George H. Ginader, Executive Direc- WHEREAS,Special Libraries Association has tor, and the Headquarters staff of Special been guided by a dynamic President who Libraries Association for their support of exemplifies the finest traits found in a capa- Conference activities; ble leader; and because his outgoing per- To the Management of the Sheraton- sonality and resourcefulness have inspired Cadillac Hotel, especially Richard Davis, Di- the officers and members of the ~ssociation rector of Sales, and Frank Steltenkamp, Ban- to put forth a total effort in preparing them- quet Manager; , selves and the profession to meet the chal- To the Management of Cobo Hall, espe- lenge of changing needs in the coming dec- cially Mona Burrows and Joseph Wittstock, ade; therefore, be it Customer Service Representatives; Resolved, That the Special Libraries As- To all exhibitors and their representatives sociation hereby express its heartfelt grati- for presenting new ideas, materials, and tude to its 1969/70 President, Robert W. equipment, to assist special 1ib:aries as they Gibson, Jr.; prepare for "The Changing Face of Special WHEREAS,the Sixty-First Annual Confer- Libraries." ence of Special ~ibrariesAssociation has effectively demonstrated the need for change in the functioning of special libraries throughout the world; therefore, be it Resolved, That Special Libraries Associa- tion pay special tEibute to the splendid effort put forth by the many persons and organizations involved in making this Con- Resolution of Recognition ference a success, and especially: To Conference Chairman, Mrs. Gloria M. Evans, for her enthusiastic and competent WHEREAS,George H. Ginader, Executive leadership; and to Parke, Davis & Company Director, Special Libraries Association, is for its loyal support of her Conference activi- leaving the Association Headquarters staff ties; to assume another position, and To tlle Conference Program Chairman, WHEREAS,He has devoted three years of Mrs. Florence Armstrong, for arranging the faithful service in the performance of his Conference sessions; and to The Ford Motor many and varied duties, and Company for its loyal support of her Con- WHEREAS,He has performed an outstand- ference activities; ing service to the Association in bearing full To the Conference Executive Committee; responsibility for the arduous tasks involved tlle Committee Chairmen and their Commit- in establishing the Association Headquarters tees; and to the Michigan Chapter and its at a new location, and president, Forrest H. Alter; WHEREAS,He has restructured the func- To all speakers and participants who con- tioning and operations of the Headquarters tributed unstintingly to the General Sessions, staff so as to lift them to an ever higher panels and workshops; level of excellence, and To Dr. William H. Reynolds, dean of the WHEREAS,We will miss his capable and School of Business Administration at Wayne devoted leadership in the direction of activi- State University, for his dynamic keynote ad- ties stemming from the Headquarters Office; dress; therefore be it To Norman L. Miller, administrative as- Resolved, That the Association adopt this sistant to Mayor Roman S. Gribbs, for greet- Resolution of Recognition to George H. ings from the City of Detroit; Ginader, this date, record it permanently in To the J. L. Forster Collegiate Band and the Minutes of the Conference, and make its Director, Ernest W. Gerenda, for an out- a signed copy available to him for his rec- standing musical contribution; ords. Resolution Regarding Continuation of ALAILTP

WHEREAS,Benefits have accrued to the members of SLA from the accomplishments of the Library Technology Program over the last eleven years, the members of Special Libraries Association express concern over the proposed phasing-out of LTP during 1970/71; therefore, be it Resolved, That the members at this 1970 Annual Meeting request that the SLA Presi- Resolved, That given favorable action on dent immediately call this concern to the at- the Library Technology Program's continua- tention of the appropriate officers and staff tion, this membership anticipates continuing of the American Library Association so they SLA's past active cooperation with the ALA may urgently reconsider the desirability of and LTP staff. continuing this valuable service to the li- Frances L. Beckwith; Luther E. Lee; brary profession, and Emily R. Mobley, Chairman

Actions by the Members quirements for current employment in a special library are removed. The inter- at the Annual Meeting relations of library school degrees, other Jun academic degrees, and years of profes- 10, 1970 sional experience are simplified. The eligibility of administrators (in public Changes in Membership Requirements and academic libraries) and of educators Approved-Amendments to the Bylaws for full membership is clarified. as proposed by the Bylaws Committee An amendment to delete proposed were adopted. This positive action at Section 2c of Article I1 was presented the Annual Meeting now leads to a by Professor Rose Sellers. Another mail ballot for all voting members of amendment to reword proposed Section the Association. The ballots were mailed 3b was resented bv Samuel Sass. Both on Jul 2; they must be returned to SLA sections deal with applicants employed headquarters no later than Aug 7, 1970. in a special library without an academic The amendments approved were those degree. Both the. Sellers proposal and that were published as Proposal A in the the Sass proposal were overwhelmingly March 1970 issue of Special Libraries defeated by a show of hands. (p.138-41). A reprint of the proposal ac- During -discussion of the other sec- companies the mail ballots. The Bylaws tions of Article 11, President Gibson specify that two-thirds of the returned pointed out that the Bylaws Committee ballots must be in the affirmative for already has an assignment to study the adoption of the amendments. sections that deal with Student Mem- Three categories in the present Bylaws bers and Emeritus Members. (Active Members, Associate Members, The second set of amendments that and Affiliate Members) will be replaced was published as Proposal B in the by two categories (Members and Associ- March 1970 issue of Special Libraries ates). The other membership categories (p.141-43) was not brought to a vote, are not changed. In addition, the re- because the parliamentarian ruled that JULY-AUGUST1970 Proposal B was in conflict with Pro- Advisory Council Actions posal A. It is understood that a number of the members, who had signed Jun 8, 19'70 the petition for Proposal B, had indicated their desire to withdraw their names from the petition; and that 1970 Association and Division Structure- dues had not been paid by the principal Louise K. Montle, chairman of the Spe- signatory of the petition. cial Committee to Study Association Structure, presented a summary of the Reserve Fund Policy-Unanimous ap- recommendations in her third pro,gress proval was given to the recommenda- report. Representatives of three Divi- tion "That the Reserve Fund Policy be sions followed with position papers on rescinded and that the definition and the report (Leola Michaels, Metals / Ma- administration of the Reserve Fund be terials; Jo Calloway, Insurance; and Ted the responsibility of the Board of Di- Phillips, Business and Finance). rectors." This agenda item was pub- During a far-ranging Council discus- lished as Proposal C in the March 1970 sion, it was apparent that the recom- issue of Special Libraries (p.143-44). mendations did not meet with Council approval.- - One recommendation would Honorary Member Elected-Joseph L. remove the Division representatives Wheeler, a Charter iMember of SLA, from the Advisory Council, leaving only was nominated by the Board of Direc- the Chapter representatives. A second tors for election to honorary member- Council would be created for Division ship. Since his retirement from the representatives. The Board of Directors Enoch Pratt Library, he has resided in would be increased in membership from Benson, Vermont. He continues to be 12 to 14 to accommodate the chairmen active as a consultant and an author. and chairmen-elect of both councils. All His election as an Honorary Member Division representatives present were was by acclamation. Photographs of Dr. opposed to the proposals. - Wheeler at the Conference appear on Another recommendation of this Spe- pages 291 and 328. cial Committee would discontinue alternate representatives to the Council when Resolutions Committee-Three resolu- elected officers of the Chapters or Divi- tions were adopted by the members as sions are unable to attend. presented by the chairman of the Reso- Two motions were then adopted by lutions Committee, Emily Mobely. The the Advisory Council: first resolution was the customary annual expression of appreciation to the 1) That the proposal of the Structure retiring President and to the Conference Committee be postponed for consid- Chapter. eration at the next Council meeting A resolution of recognition was ad- and that all Council members receive dressed to SLA's Executive Director, copies of the report prior to the meet- George H. Ginader, whose resignation ing (Motion by Luther E. Lee, Ala- had been announced in the MayJJune bama Chapter). issue of Special Libraries. Mr. Ginader 2) That the Advisory Council recom- will take up his duties as librarian at mend to the Board of Directors and Morgan Stanley & Co., New York, on the Structure Committee that provi- Jul 13. sions for alternate representation be The third resolution was addressed to retained (Motion by Duane M. Hel- the American Library Association to geson, Southern California Chapter). encourage the continuation of ALA's Li- brary Technology Project, whose fund- Waldron Succeeded by Blair-When ing is in doubt. The texts of all resolu- Helen J. Waldron handed the gavel to tions appear elsewhere in this issue. the new Council Chairman Keith G. Blair, Miss Waldron received a standing The chairman of the Publishing Di- ovation in appreciation for her leader- vision, John N. Berry, 111, moved that ship during the past year in Council the Advisory Council of SLA recommend activities. to the Board of Directors that the Merger Committee be instructed that Special SLA/ ASIS Merger Discussions-Under Libraries Association stipulate as a con- the heading of "New Business" two mo- dition of any merger with the American tions were presented to the Council. The Society for Information Science, that ex- president of the New York Chapter, Ted isting Divisions of Special Libraries As- Slate, moved that Special Libraries As- sociation continue to exist in any new sociation formally poll its membership organization that results from a merger to determine their point of view con- or consolidation of SLA and ASIS, and cerning a merger between SLA and ASIS that such Divisions have equal repre- before any further negotiations are car- sentation on the governing body of the ried on with ASIS; and that prior to new organization. The motion was ap this poll, substantial space should be proved by the Council. devoted to a full summary and discus- For subsequent actions by the Board sion of the pros and cons of merger in of Directors regarding the proposed Special Libraries. The motion was not merger, see the Board actions which approved by the Council. follow immediately after this section.

Actions by the Board of Directors Jun 6/Jun 7/Jun 12, 1970

SLA/ASIS Merger Discussions-On Sun- librarianship in the title of a merged day, Jun 7, Mr. White presented the re- organization. The three SLA members of port for the Merger Committee (Miss the Merger Committee indicated that Oltman, Mr. Gibson and Mr. White). such a concept would be totally unac- He indicated that there were three pri- ceptable to SLA members, and .that if mary areas which still had to be re- ASIS is interested in pursuing a merger solved. These concerned the name of the with Special Libraries Association, ASIS organization, which is negotiable, and must bk willing to accept a name which can include the words, "Special Librar- includes both the concept of special li- ies"; the location of headquarters, which braries and information science. Al- is not negotiable according to ASIS; though this concept is not explicitly and work on government contracts stated in the last formal action of the which is also not negotiable as far as ASIS Council, Mr. White said that the ASIS is concerned. ASIS President, Charles Bourne, had Mr. White indicated that there was a indicated that this was acceptable. The feeling among people within ASIS that ASIS Council action approves in prin- information science was inclusive of spe- ciple a merger between ASIS and SLA, cial librarianship and that there was and it directs the ASIS members of the therefore no need to recognize special Merger Committee to pursue all reason- JULY-AUGUST1970 able means of accomplishing this ob- jected this Council action by a vote of jective. 7-4 with comments that the hands of It is the philosophy of ASIS that it the Merger Committee should not be involve itself with government contracts tied in this way. Another motion was since it presently has a contract from adopted (1 1-0) that the Board instruct the US. Office of Education to operate the Merger Committee to recognize this an ERIC Clearinghouse. ASIS is not point of view in their further discussions. only interested in the Clearinghouse but It was noted that there is the im- also in pursuing other opportunities to pression in the Advisory Council that involve itself in other research programs too much relating to the merger was and in other directions of governmental going on behind closed doors which pre- philosophy; any merged society would vented consideration of the interests of have to have this goal as well. SLA's members. Finally, the headquarters location for A new Director, Miriam Tees, moved the merged organization is an issue that a progress report of the SLAIASIS which is non-negotiable as far as ASIS Merger Committee be published in Spe- is concerned, i.e., it must be in the cial Libraries as soon as possible so that Washington, D.C. area. the members will be completely in- During the Board discussion, it was formed. The motion was carried unani- noted that any merger document would mously. It will appear in Sep 1970. not be very different from that discussed by SLA's Advisory Council in Atlanta. Intersociety Dues Proposal-A proposal The SLA Board adopted a motion to for reduced dues ($20 instead of $30) for affirm its support of the SLA/ASIS members of other cooperating societies merger and that in so doing it [the had been introduced at the September Board] go on record for total merged 1969 meeting of the Board. There had organization involvement in research been further discussions by the Council and development projects. President Gib- and the Board in Atlanta. Because the son said that he felt that he must go on Finance Committee felt that the re- record to indicate that he had been in duced dues of 320 did not meet the cost favor of the merger from his standpoint of maintaining full membership, the as an individual, but that as President of Finance Committee now recommended Special Libraries Association he wished that the previous Board action be re- to be on record as opposed to this mo- scinded, and that the Intersociety Dues tion. The motion was adopted (10 yes; proposal be rejected in its entirety. 1 no). As a result of Advisory Council clis- The Finance Committee's recom- cussion on the proposed merger, the mendation was turned down by the matter was again brought up at the Board by a vote of 7-4. No contacts have Board meeting on Friday, Jun 12. The been made with other associations to de- Advisory Council resolution (see p. 309) termine if they are interested in offering was presented to the Board that the reciprocal reduced dues to SLA members. Merger Committee be instructed that the SLA Divisions continue to exist in an) Consultation Service-Almost 200 re- merged organization. The Board requests for the one-day consultant service were received during the past year. Conference which had already been On the other hand, requests for Profes- shifted from Houston to Dallas. Sev- sional Consultants average only 6 a year. eral years ago SLA members in Houston That SLA Professional Consultants have asked to be relieved of the responsi- been requested in so few instances may bility because there were too few mem- be explained by the existence of many bers in the Houston area to handle Con- established consulting firms as well as ference arrangements. At that time, three published directories of consul- Dallas members asked for the Conference tants. Therefore, the Board acted to dis- assignment. Now, it appears that per- continue the SLA Professional Consulta- sons who spearheaded the Dallas drive tion Service. The free Consultation are no longer in that area, and there are Service provided by the Chapters is not too few members to handle the neces- changed. The Public Relations Commit- sary arrangements. tee has been asked to plan a PR pro- Invitations for the 1973 Conference gram for the Consultation Service, and were then submitted for Seattle by the to report to the Board in January 1971. Pacific Northwest Chapter, for Atlanta by South Atlantic, and for Minneapolis Future Conferences-A great deal of by the Minnesota Chapter. The Board time was spent in attempting to resolve accepted the new bid for Seattle by a the request of the Education Commit- vote of 7-4. Two years ago the Board tee that the Education Seminars be had disqualified Seattle because hotel scheduled only on Sunday. Apparently, and meeting facilities in the city did not both Saturday and Thursday are avail- meet the requirements of the "Confer- able in 1971 with fewer program con- ence Site Checklist" which was labori- flicts than on Sunday. A motion to in- ously developed and approved by the struct the San Francisco Chapter to Board only a few years ago. schedule the Education seminars on Sunday was defeated by a vote of 10-1. Conference Exhibit Management Ser- It has now been learned that the dates vice-A proposal for management of Con- scheduled for the 1972 Conference in ference Exhibits submitted by Williams Boston are in conflict with the Annual & Wilkins (Baltimore) was recommended Meeting of the Mother Church, The by the Executive Director. The fee First Church of Christ Scientist, which is charged is stated to be basically 20y0 of expected to use all meeting facilities in the exhibit space rentals. A motion to the city. A motion to move the Boston table acceptance of this recommendation Conference to include Memorial Day for the S.F. Conference resulted in a was defeated. Because of the uncertain vote of 6-5 to table. President Oltman availability of facilities in Boston during then cast a vote against the tabling June 1972, the Board authorized the 1972 motion, thus creating a tie and defeating Conference Committee to select the best the motion to table. alternative dates in Tune. The 1,Villiams & Wilkins proposal was The Texas chapter asked to be re- accepted for one year for San Francisco leased from responsibility for the 1973 in 1971. Their second proposal for com-

The Friday Board in Action plete Conference Management was Corps of Engineers through the Federal turned down. Library Committee to produce a search on federal libraries. The Board author- Conference Finances-At the request of ized the Research Committee to continue the Conference Advisory committee the such negotiations for a state-of-the-art Board had asked the Finance Committee review in view of a past Board action to to consider establishment of a policy spend 3% of dues income on research. regarding Conference finances. The Fi- A detailed proposal with costs is to be nance Committee recommended that submitted to the Board in October 1970. each Conference should be self-sustain- In all discussions reference was made to ing but that no specific percentage for $8,000 as 3'% of dues income. The arith- Conference earnings can be set by policy. metic leading to the $8,000 figure is The Finance Committee suggested that faulty since income from dues plus fees a Program Budget and an accounting is reported by Price Waterhouse to be svstemI be develo~edfor Conferences so about $215,000 for FY 68/69. that more meaningful figures will become available. Committee on Committees-On recommendation of ConC, the Board approved Education Committee-The Committee the discontinuance of the Reprography asked for clarification of SLA Goal l(d) Committee and the Translations Activi- which had been assigned to the Educa- ties Committee. Functions of these Com- tion Committee for implementation: mittees will be continued by Special ". . . develop criteria for establishing Representatives. Revised definitions of personal attributes for careers in special the Archives Committee and the Re- libraries." The Board acted to relieve cruitment Committee were approved. the Education Committee of further re- Although the chairman of the Inter- sponsibility for this goal. At the same national Relations Committee had agreed time the Board rejected a motion to with the recommendation of ConC that rescind its Jun 1, 1969 action adopting the International Relations Committee Goal I(d); the motion to rescind was be abolished, the Board asked the IRC defeated 7-4. (No further Board action to re-evaluate its position and to synthe- was taken. Therefore the goal remains, size the opinions of others and report to but no responsibility has been assigned the Board in October 1970. for its implementation.) The Headquarters Operations Com- A suggestion for an inter-association mittee was redefined so that the Presi- conference in 1972 on continuing educa- dent, instead of the Past President, is tion for librarianship was approved by chairman of the Committee. HOC shall the Board. A detailed budget and sources be responsible for headquarters opera- of funding are to be submitted to the tions review including, but not limited Board in October 1970. The preliminary to, personnel functions. proposal suggests a three or four clay The ConC recommendation to dis- conference with commissioned papers continue the Governmental Relations plus discussion groups. Suggested partici- Committee was approved. A further pants are library associations, library ConC recommendation that SLA con- schools, state libraries, and USOE. tribute $1,000 a year to ALA's IVashing- ton office for services to be provided to Research Committee-The Committee SLA was rejected. asked for authorization to continue its negotiations with Dean Bernard M. 197017 1 Directory-The Board approved Fry for a survey of the research litera- an expenditure of $6,000 from the Gen- ture and a survey of current active re- eral Fund for publication of the search on special libraries. This survey 1970/71 Membership Directory, to be could be a piggyback contract on top distributed without charge to all mem- of Fry's $86,000 contract with the Army bers (except student members). / { Hamtrarnck, Ecorse, Ann Arbor and Other Habitable 1 i 4 Regions in the State of Michigan i 1 1 or Unmailed Letters from an SLA Conference and Some We' Doubt Were Ever Written together with Various Social Notes and Divers Curiosa

Collected without collaboration by Gerd Muehsam, Ph.D. and Roger "Mac" Martin, M.S. L.S with the assistance of a staff of extemporaneous correspondents

With Unique Illustrations Heretofore Unpublished

Dispatches sent at great expense and at the risk of grievous hazards posed i by the presence of competitive journalists i from "Library Journal" and "Wilson Library Bulletin," i whose renowned repertorial rhetoric i is generously recommended to the i select readers of "This Journal." i i i i i i i i ! Karl Nyren Arthur Plotnik ! Editor, Associate Editor, i ...... / Library...... Journal ...... %...... The Wilson...... Library.... .Bulletin..... i Cobo Hall and Cobo Arena (circular structure) on the Detroit River

KL!~A$QLJ-pa-. pool. One has the feeling of uncluttered Misled by my memories of SLA's 1955 spaciousness outside and inside the build- Convention, I expected to see a grimy ing. The registration area and exhibit decaying city-even a waterfront with space, both at Cobo Hall, are ample. dilapidated warehouses and boarding I am finding the ten-minute walk to houses. Instead, the streets are clean, the Cobo Hall from the Conference Hotel, air is soft and warm, and the sun shines the Sheraton-Cadillac, refreshing in spite every day. Along the riverfront is De- of the heat. The stroll keeps me from troit's Civic Center and Cobo Hall, the getting that cooped-up feeling after site of most Conference meetings. Cobo spending 24 hours a day in one hotel. Hall is a vast complex of modern archi- But we are envious of those who are tecture in a landscaped setting. Rooftop staying in the ultra-modern, gleaming and subterranean parking eliminate most Hotel Pontchartrain with its swimming ugly parking lots; there is an environ- pool on the terrace just across Washing- ment of plants and trees, of lawns and a ton Boulevard from Cobo Hall. fountain falling(!) into an illuminated

SLA is experiencing that extended week- long orgasm called its Annual Confer- ence. The preliminaries began at the meeting of the Board of Directors on Saturday. This year there are two peaks of excitement: the abandoned gambling d~~ringthe Monte Carlo Night for the Scholarship Fund, and the emotional peak of the awards after the Wednesday banquet. The C~nferencewill end, I suppose,'with the day-long spasms of the new Board next Friday. L

Jefferson Avenue East Stretches Out from Cobo Hall 4, &te,~&~A Atd~d meetings or Pre-Conference Education Seminars. I arrived Sunday afternoon, just in time to register and attend the Conference-wide cocktail reception in the Exhibit Area. This was an occasion to meet with old friends from distant cities, whom I had not seen since 1969 in Montreal. Crowds were around the bar, and around the few seats in the bar area -glancing only casually at the exhibits. Registration is lively, the people man- ning the registration, ticket and information desks are friendly and at ease. Some 1,200 persons are already registered by Sunday night. After a quick dinner (it was hard to find a restaurant open on Sunday night in downtown Detroit) it was time to get back to Cobo Hall for the First General Session at 8 pm in the Cobo Ballroom. Entering this enormous room for the first time in the evening, one has a spec- tacular sight. Wide rather than long, the ballroom's huge windows, extending its 64 full width, face the mile-wide Detroit River. The curtains were drawn open, and in the blue dusk the river flowed be-

Ontario, across the river. Seated to the I right of the dais was a Collegiate Band -- from Windsor, Ontario, dressed in bright The "Spirit of Transportation" portages his canoe on top of a 30-foot column and fountain at Cobo Hall

Nancy-You wouldn't believe it. Detroif, the Motor City, is also a city of history, seldom noticed in our fast world of the twentieth century. Over Old Detroif there have flown the flags of England and France, as well as the Stars and Stripes. Armies have capfured and recaptured fhe soil on which Motor City was built. Indian trade, then farming, and then Detroit's nineteenth cenfury blacksmith shops with their lucra- tive carriage industry-which founded the indusfry that gave Detroit its title, "Auto- mobile Capital of the World." Gerd M.

Josie, Believe me! "Change" is the key- Annual Business Meeting plus the Con- word of the Detroit Conference theme, tributed Papers (in three sections), all and change is evident everywhere in the scheduled from Sunday to Wednesday. program. The entire format of SLA Con- When you throw in the Conference- ferences has been changed. There are in- wide reception in the Exhibit Area on novations in the form of the meetings Sunday afternoon (as well as the Educa- and an effort to make the contents of all tion Seminars all that day), the Scholar- meetings relevant to the central theme. ship Event on Tuesday, the Banquet on From an overall viewpoint, this Con- Wednesday-and, oh, yes, all the busi- ference already has the feeling of being ness and technical meetings of the Di- absolutely the busiest such gathering I visions-one really has timing problems. have ever attended. Several factors con- On Monday, I could have a schedule running from 7 am to midnight (or later) if tribute to this impression, such as the energy is still left to go to the Division separation for the first time of the prin- Open Houses. cipal meeting rooms from the Confer- .Jack ence Hotel, and the fact that there are no less than five General Sessions plzls P.S. I slipped and twisted my shoulder the Advisory Council Meeting plus the on my way to an Open House. Honest! Bea-After the band concluded with "The Star Spangled Banner" and "0 Canada" the Opening Session was called to order by President Bob Gibson. There was the customary invocation by Rabbi Leon Fram of Detroit, and a brief address by a pleasant young man who is the administrative assistant to Detroit's Mayor Roman S. Gribbs. I think I missed the punch line of his joke about the 6th or 7th husband of Zsa Zsa Gabor-but it wasn't related to the Conference theme. There was a warm welcome from Michi- Conference Choirman Gloria M. Evans gan Chapter President Forrest Alter whose territory includes Ethiopia as well as Toledo, Ohio, and Sarnia, Ontario. Representatives from a dozen or more other library associations and visitors from other countries were introduced. The keynote speaker was Dr. MJilliam H. Reynolds, dean ot the School of Busi- ness Administration at lliayne State Uni- versity. Gray haired, soft-spoken, with a gentle, somewhat mischievous smile, he paraphrased the title of his address "How to Program Management" as a "Mani- festo for Middle Management." We are Michigan Chapter President Forrest H. Alter on the verge of a managerial revolution, he said, because the executive no longer makes his decisions based on intuition or authority, or even on individual judg- ment. Information has replaced authority. If the librarian, who controls the information, can reach the team that makes the operative decisions, he can influence management and run the organization! The Keynoter cautioned us that humanistic values should govern the decision-making process, and that wisdom should be used in the dissemination of The Pleasant Young Man from the Mayor's Ofice, information and knowledge. Norman 1. Miller Gerd

Part of the Opening Session Audience in the Cobo Ballroom Dear Janette, The Second General Ses- Naomi Fukuda representing the Japan Special Libraries sion MONDAYA.M. was an excellent Association panel discussion. With Ed Strable as the moderator, the panel had three speakers Bruce B. Peel, president of the Canadian Library As- sociation on one side of the podium and a three- man reactor panel on the other. The panelists were to present three aspects of change: change in services, change in attitudes, and change in management. The reactor panel was to react, and a feedback from the audience was to follow. Marilyn Bockman gave a clear and precise analysis of the concept of total involvement in service: You are only as good as your last performance. She urged resourcefulness and adaptability in fur- nishing information, the librarian's prod- UC t. Grieg Aspnes deplored the fact that the image of the librarian as "the little old lady in tennis shoes" still survived in some quarters. He called for a librarian who is a creative, dynamic individual, a Keynoter William H. Reynold, dean of the School of problem solver and communicator. Business Administration, Wayne State University I'he third speaker, a non-librarian, is a new type of manager. Thomas Murray drew up what seemed to me a utopian society in which industry is no longer motivated by profit first, product second and people last, but one in which the people are first and the product is last. In such a society the manager is not solely concerned with production but also with the producer-the inner man and his needs. This manager is people- oriented, a humanitarian, a person sen- sitive to the needs of others. SLA's ubiquitous Rose Vormelker, past president of The most thought-provoking com- the American Association of Library Schools, and rep- ment from the reactor panel came from resentatives of other associations 318 Genevieve Casey of M7ayne State's library many questions, doubts, concerns, and school. She wonders how we can prepare re-affirmations expressed by the various students for this vision of the twenty-first groups. I only hope that this session was century. Should we teach them attitudes? taped so that all the reactions and ideas Should we train a different breed of li- can be examined for their potential brarians? Should we take more of an value. The sense of the meeting and the interdisciplinary approach to learning? response of the audience seemed to indi- Should we not also re-train our present cate an overriding concern with the pel.- librarians to meet these new patterns? son, rather than the inanimate object To test and receive feedback from the (the library or library materials). It is audience we were asked to form small apparent that the "special" or "corpo- groups of five or six persons, to select a rate" librarians, and even their manage- spokesman, and to hammer out our ments, are showing a greater social con- group's reactions. The group leaders cern. They are more aware of the person, then used microphones in the aisles and librarian or client, not as a mindless ob- each nude a one-minute response. I don't ject to be manipulated at will, but as a have time to write you, even briefly, the valuable human being. Gerd

Walter! Can you imagine 21 luncheons of The works on display covered the entire creamed chicken? On Monday 23 Divisions spectrum of styles from Primitive to Pop, sponsored luncheon meetings (but two of plus an outstanding collection of modern them outside the hotel). The luncheons art recently bequeathed by R. H. Tanna- were followed by workshops, panel dis- hill. A unique feature of the museum, very cussions or tours. I was greatly tempted to fitting for Motor City, was a large room attend a panel discussion, "Confrontation decorated with murals by Diego Rivera. 1970: A Discussion Between Librarians and Ironically they were commissioned by Ed- Publishers." But I felt I had to be loyal to sel Ford in the early 30's and are executed my own Division and attended the Museum in Rivera's most characteristic manner. The Division's luncheon and tour instead. murals represent an optimistic monument A bus took us to the Detroit Institute of to the machine age and the automobile. Arts, which has been called the "most un- They struck me as a period piece. derestimated of our larger museums." We had lunch in its lovely medieval Kresge There was still time to drop in at the Court. Then after our Business Meeting we Main Branch of the Detroit Public Library were free to visit the galleries. We were just across the street from the Museum. If intrigued by the skillful grafting of an ul- was natural for me to spend most of my tramodern wing onto a classical building. time in the Fine Arts Department. gm

At the Second General Session (left to right): Charles Thomas D. Murray, executive vice-president, Campbell- K. Gehringer, Charles H. Stevens, Genevieve M. Casey, Ewald Company, Detroit and Edward G. Strable Mrs. Marilyn M. Bockman and Grieg Aspnes Ikar Marguret, Wish you could have 1 Hey there! John! After the Open Houses bren wzth us at the Past Presidents dzn- tlo~etldown L~stnight we checked out nr7. Good company and fun wzth our some of the local customs. Salaries in ~cmznzscences. Good food elegantly thi5 town seem to be good. A guaranteed se~vedzn La Medztewaner at the Hotel nlminluin of '$200 a week fo~topless Pontchnrtrazn. But that boy who was go-go girls. One lounge is advertising to pmctzczng hzs pzano lessons for d~nner f~ll25 ~acancies!Didn't ha~eenough mziczc . . . What a dzn! Hope to see you time tonight to check out the topless- ~lc,xtycar zn San Franc~tco. tmtrum go-go's. Will let you know about Rocr the tmtl ums later. Jack

Dear Kathleen, There was a fairly hot session on Monday evening, an open meeting of the Advisory Council with Helen Waldron presiding. This body, consisting of Chapter and Division representatives, has been scrutinized by a Spe- cial Committee on Association Structure. A "progress report" recommended that Division Chairmen and Chairmen-Elect be removed from this body, thereby strip- ping it of its desirable and useful bal- - ~ ance between geographical (Chapter) and subject (Division) representation. There was strong opposition to this recommendation and further discussion was postponed until the Council meeting in Jan- uary 1971. Discussions on the highly controversial merger negotiations with ASIS were Florine Oltman and heard with apprehension. Some Council HQ's Ann Firelli seem members, either personally or as repre- pleased with the activity at the Confer- sentatives of their constituencies, viewed ence Employment a possible merger as inimical to the true Clearinghouse. aims of SIA, but no overt move was made at this point to actively interfere ~vithmerger negotiations. Gerd At the Advisory Council (left to right): Insurance Divi- sion's Jo Calloway, Metals/Materialsl Leola Michaels, and Business and Finance's Ted Phillips Lisa-You would like this change. enough to keep the audience both awake There seems to be less of the irritating, and alert. No dullness here. even when innocent, "talking down" to Less flattering comments might be the audience by the speakers at this made about some 'other speakers, panel- Conference than I have heard before. I ists, and/or workshop leaders. The vari- suspect this to be the result of careful able quality of speakers led one wit to preparation by the Detroit planners. suggest that, if there are four panelists, This was particularly noticeable at the never have the third presentation-only Third General Session on "Communica- the first, second and fourth. And in a tion by Objectives." I failed to record group of three panelists, skip the first. this guy's name, having snuck in after The mind boggles a bit at the results if the introduction. This gentleman (a last there is only one speaker. Oh, well, you minute substitute, I understand, for the can always cancel the session completely scheduled speaker, and thus, a typical and thus find some of the so-called Conference crisis) was knowledgeable, "free" time that people keep complain- interesting, intelligent and with wit ing there isn't enough of! Rag

I'-red, You know of my interest in ob- sr,rving the behind-the-scenes work in ru?l?~ingan SLA Conference. So I at- Dear Boss, You won't believe it. A lunch of a con- te,,clcd uarious business and technical vention for only $1.35. Beautiful food in Cobo ses,sion,s somewhat erratically to obtain Hall's clean and spacious cafeteria overlooking the river. Such crisp salads and tasty meats and (l sampling. H~~~~,my rnerzts also er~aticand random. I must vegetables. I wish the company cafeteria were (1901~2repeat rny observation concerning this good (Hint!). the extwme variability of quality, bo'th Your Special Librarian Of c0?2tent and of speakers. I freely ad7nit P.S. Dear Boss, Remember that lunch was only that, for euey opinion I formed, sooner $1.35 when you see $10.00 on my expense account or later I encountered someone with an for the banquet. opinion diametrically opposed to mine. Your S.L. So be it. Roger

Dear Alfred, The Third General Session on librarian faced with budget cuts stressed Tuesday morning offered a talk by Dr. Lee the following points. To justify his exist- Danielson of the Graduate School of Busi- ence effectively, he must (I) know or de- ness Administration, University of Michi- termine his organization's objectives; (2) gan. To me, totally untrained in business assess the library's physical and human re- methods, his "Communication by Objec- sources; (3) determine priorities; (4) find tives" seemed like a brief survey course in alternatives. To elaborate on these points industrial psychology. Much of what was we were advised to explore the potential said seemed fo be common sense clad in of our personnel, to develop a systematic technical language. But common sense plan, to develop cost estimates and, above needs to be spelled out at times. I'm sure all, to live up to our objectives. you would agree. Autocratic and democratic managerial Dr. Danielson's advice was solid and ex- theories were explained with respect to cellent, his talk was neatly packaged and our attitudes towards subordinates and well put forward, illustrated with slides how to get them involved in their work! and diagrams. His recipes for the special Gerd M. 32 1 1 xt ~ttArea in Cot Hall

\\ 11llelm, Tht exhibitors ILI\ e been lm- 11;1nd, (o111dperl~~p I)u ~ticlucrd to opc 11 qu~slr~ngin tllclr booths with few visitors. 1,lter onc niol ning ,uicl IO cxtcnd tlw~l hlo~itl,~j'spro21 ams had been so I ully 110~1smto the evening ol th,it tl,i\. schetluled tl~~by the time \%eretuined The e\llibits shouetl the usu~lbalance from our Di~ision meeting5 it WAS 5 of publishers, sen ices, and producers or o'clorh, and the exhibitors had left for suppliers of equipment The Combined the (lay. Only after the Tuesday morning Book Exhibit was there 'is usual, but I srssion did the conscientious Conference don't reed having seen a Combined attendee have, in fact, his first oppor- Periodicals Exhibit at other SLA confer- tunity to pay attention to the exhibits. ences. A ICI y useful diqday! The faces of the exhibitors lit up as we The most popular give-away was a made our way into their areas to look at plastic shopping bag showing the banner the displays and ask for information. headlines of the hTc7u York T2mes on You know how important the exhibi- Christmas Day 1968, "Three Men Fly tors are for SLA Conference planning Aound the Moon," on one side and the and budgeting and how important we 'iccount of the first flight of the Norge are to the exhibitors. So, I think that a over the North Pole on May 12, 1926 on little more consideration should be given the other. to the exhibitors as program sessions are scheduled. The exhibitors, on the other Charlie Wolfenberger, a foster father of SLA's Translations Center, The Combined Periodical Exhibit for the first time joined the tells NTC's lldiko Norwak about Combir~edBook Exhibit at an SLA Conference volunteer labors of love 20 years ago Jan, I don't envy your future efforts to it was actually the third paper of this edit some of the oral presentations. I ex- session that I had wanted to hear, I gave perimented with the Contributed Papers up and went back to the hotel to prepare Session on Tuesday from 4:30 to 6:00 for the evening's jollities. pm by attempting to take in one paper It is obvious that, if these contributed from each of the three concurrent ses- papers (or invited, as the case may be) sions (each session having three papers). sessions are to be continued, they must It didn't work! The first paper was of be structured as rigidly as any other for- some substance and would have been in- mal part of the program. The speaker teresting except that the speaker was should clearly understand, and the pro- very nervous, which made me nervous, gram must indicate, the ending time as and therefore I eased out before he fin- well as the beginning time for each ished. In the second session a trivial pa- speaker-with a blunt chopping off by per was in progress with a dull speaker, the presiding leader when time is up. and I fled after a few minutes. This is the way it is done at the meetings In the third session, I found the first of other societies, and it does work. speaker still going on 45 minutes after he had begun, with no end in sight. Since Rag

Springtime cutbacks in some industries did not reduce the total number of "Job Openings" listed at the Conference Employment Clearinghouse. Over one hundred openings were listed, and more than thirty interviews were scheduled by Ann Firelli, manager of SLA's Membership Deparf- ment.

Dear Paula, The Fourth General Session shop. How can a speaker be effective if on Tuesday afternoon, "Implementation he keeps his head in his manuscript of Change," consisted of seven simultane- rather than the manuscript in his head? ous workshop/round tables on library Then there was the unstructured, ram- problems. All seven topics were excel- bling comments-from-the-audience: "We lent, making the choice between them in our library do such-and-such," with difficult. Forty-five workshop leaders had little attempt from the leader to lead or been mobilized. The majority of the build a coherent concept or summary. workshops dealt with personnel prob- On the other hand, some workshops lems. There was also the ubiquitous did extremely well in organizing their session on "The Library and the Ma- participants to explore certain aspects, chine," and two dealing with methods. to sum up their findings, and to give the I am not yet well versed enough in the participants a mind-stretching experi- technique of sampling, and thus I did ence to take home. not cover too many of the workshops. I have no quarrel with the concept of However, it was quite apparent that they differed widely in structure, manner of these workshops. On the contrary! I only presentation and quality of content. wonder whether we may not have a Unfortunately, there was even that workshop on workshops some day . . . dull reading of a dull paper in a work- Gerd M. JULY-AUGUST1970 Ronald-How are you checking on Con- ference expenses? In the past I have heard Conference planners question the worthwhile-ness of the Scholarship Event, considering the effort that goes into arranging it and the relatively small amount of money sometimes raised. I don't know how the Detroit people feel about the $1,200 they made with their Monte Carlo Night. But me, I had a ball! It started for a few of us "volunteer croupiers" around 7:30 o'clock with a short squat man with a gravelly voice trying to give instructions-in one hour -on the running of such games as the wheel-of-fortune and the dice in a bird- cage, as well as the very complex craps Whoever Said Special Librarians Were Introverts? and roulette tables. Being one of the It's Just that Some Can Add Up to "21" Faster than simple-minded ones assigned to a simple Others. wheel, I was able to follow him around and be amused by his occasional eye-roll- ing-heavenwards is he attempted both to control the chatter of one or more "instant experts" in a group of our non-professional croupiers and to pass on information to the "innocents" who thought "Pass" meant what you did after you honked your horn. The first players were very conserva- tive in their first tentative bets of one dollar (Funny Money, you understand). But then the excitement built up rapidly to bigtime bets of two, three, and even FIVE dollars. We even had a few really big oper- "And all I said was 'Hit me Again."' (N.B. Not to ators. Our wheel (there were two of us worry-Treasurer Janet Rigney is bonded.) operating it) practically ground to a halt as Florine Oltman graciously floated up, put an obviously uncounted wad down on one number-and promptly won, at ten-to-one odds. Those Texas fillies must learn early! All we could do was thrust what appeared to be a reasonably close amount of winnings into her hand, and spin the wheel once more at the behest of the now very vocal crowd, which, having thrown itself into the game with near total enthusiasm, wasn't about to have things stop for an exact count. (On the other hand, there were a few individuals, whom I can only describe as beady-eyed, who wanted their winnings counted twice.) Meanwhile, Miss Flo moved se- SLA's Jet Set Watch the Wheel and Clutch Their Funny renely on with her circuit of the tables, Money trying to dispose of her ill-gotten gains about worth the price of admission to see for the benefit of some deserving library Frank McKenna in a turtleneck, or school student somewhere. George Ginader in his ice cream suit and For those who went broke early in the straw boater, or any number of the evening, there was always the oppor- other costumes, get-ups, or what-have- trrnity to observe the antics of those both you, in between. before and behind the tables. It was just Mac

Dear Bernadette, I did not attend the people were even waving prizes. Monte Carlo Night, a benefit for the I dropped in on other Open Houses. Scholarship Fund. I sampled the gastro- Echoes of the day's events sounded every- nomic circuit instead. One can really eat where. A fascinating trip to University well in Detroit, as for example in a res- Microfilms at Ann Arbor, sneaking out to taurant (not in the Sheraton!) which was visit Crcmbrook Academy, lavish cocktail appropriately decorated with old I'lcense parties given by publishers. The Newspaper plates, hub caps, decals of antique cars Division's Open House was one of the gay- and oil cans for vases. est; they even served their drinks in glasses And the view from the bar and restau- (which had to be rinsed out all the time) rant at the "Top of the Flame" in a modern rather than in the customary paper cups. office tower, overlooking the Detroit River On the lobby level of the hotel six Di- and the lights of the city, was truly spec- visions shared one of the larger meeting tacular. rooms-the Book Casino-with dimmed Thus my comments on the Monte Carlo lights creating a romantic atmosphere. I Night are strictly hearsay. I received glow- went up to the Picture Division Suite, but it ing accounts of the fun that was had by was already late, and most of my friends all-the excitement of playing roulette there had left. with toy money. The bravery of the volun- I will be in Amsterdam before the end of teer croupiers was duly admired, and some June; then on to Switzerland. Gerd

Dear Jeanne-Wednesday morning official reports which will be published meant getting up extra early for the Mu- in SL, I think . . . seum Division's breakfast meeting at But a few items stick in my memory. 7:30 am in the Cobo Hall cafeteria. Of George Ginader's characterization of his necessity the meeting was brief because job as Executive Director as "fascinating, the Association's Annual Meeting was to frustrating, forlorn, and Faustian." And begin at 8:30. It took a bit of an effort to Helen Waldron's concise but concerned get involved in the agenda of a business report of the Advisory Council's activi- meeting and sit through it maintaining ties which made it plain that she consid- one's interest. No need to dwell on the ered the Council a valuable part of the Association structure as presently consti- overwhelmingly, opening the way for tuted. membership ratification by mail ballot A touch of drama was provided by the at last. debate over the membership require- Thereafter, Bob Gibson announced the ments in the proposed amendments to changing of the guard, the new officers the Bylaws, requirements that had been taking the place of the outgoing ones. discussed, revised, amended and polled Florine Oltman, our new Association among the members of many Chapters. President, made a pleasant short speech As the amendments to the Bylaws came saying that service, innovation, and crea- up for the discussion and vote, Sam Sass tivity would always be the SLA motto, no and Rose Sellers made a last-ditch at- matter how the Association or the peo- tempt to revive the debate and to alter ple may change. She expressed the desire the proposed changes in the educational for better international cooperation and requirements. However, their attempts spoke of the necessity of involving young to amend were defeated. And the pro- people in the work of our Association. posed amendments to the Bylaws passed G

Hortense, You'd die if you'd seen the an- Dear Virginia, The Fifth General Ses- nouncement board in the lobby of the Shera- sion on Wednesdav afternoon consisted ton-Cadillac. Such spellers! SPECIAL LZ- again of concurrent panel discussions, BRAIRZES and SPECZL LZBARARY. As a captioned "Change in Methods and Tech- perfessional, I was ashamed. niques." I was most interested in sam- Melissa pling four that were especially designed for the "neophyte special librarian." It Hortense, Read the other card first. You'd was good to see a fair number of blue- die for real if you'd seen the Banquet menu. tagged Conference First'ers in each au- Remember that Harry Smitane in the Dodge dience, but there was also a sprinkling of City boarding house? Well, he must be the gray haired old pros in attendance to chef. There's Smitane Sauce on the "Bone- provide that propitious pepper-and-salt less Breast of Young Capon on Ham." You remember how crazy he used to be for those mixture of experience and enthusiasm to corn fed chickens. But now with hormones learn. he makes instant capons. And Harry must As I was about to enter the room while have overcooked the ham slice that was left the discussion on "Public Relations over from breakfast. Techniques" was in progress, a girl who And Hortense, those poor waitresses! was just leaving said to me, "Go in! It's Their feet hurt-and that's just how they really good." Well, I did go in, and I serued the French pastries. Doesn't the hotel stayed almost to the end. Here were di- pay Social Security? rect and lively presentations and ex- Mary Melissa changes. Specific ideas were demon-

Fifth General Session (left to right): Kathleen Molz (USOE), Dr. Vernon D. Tate (Executive Secretary, National Microfilm Association), and Loretta J. Kiersky (SLA Reprography Committee) strated, but the concepts behind them were not ignored. The audience did not hold back comments until all speakers had ended, but asked their questions at the end of each presentation, while things were still fresh in their minds. The leader was able to pull the strands together and to keep the meeting from becoming unbalanced and disjointed1 This workshop generated much enthusiasm. Gerd

NanI' You wouldn't believe it, but I poked my head into two of the eight, count them, eight concurrent panel discussions on "Change in Methods and Techniques" which constituted the Fifth General Session on Wednesday afternoon. The success of this format is a direct function of the understanding by the leader of the responsibilities of the position and his/her ability to carry ;hem out. I managed to hit two extremes again. In the first case, the leader was simply giving a prepared (it appeared) speech, not very adequately, I thought. And the audience was simply sitting there, not participating exip; perhaps apatheti- cally. I didn't remain to see if any discussion developed later on. In the second case. the audience was really going at it hot and heavy-being skillfully led and guided by its panel leader. I stayed long enough to hear the leader provide an admirably precise and succinct summary and conclusion. The participants were-still talking as they left the room. Now there was a worthwhile session. Roger

From Top to Bottom:

Conference Treasurer Bob Armstrong relaxes-that's a good sign

The Peter Principle in Person: Banquet Speaker Dr. Laurence J. Peter

Dayton Chapter President James Damico Receives the H. W. Wilson Company Chapter Award

Glendon T. Odell, President of the Princeton-Trenton Chapter receives the Membership Gavel Award Dear Ellen, Wednesday night was the tics," and "Peter Palliative" to the "Peter banquet. With Dr. Laurence Peter, au- Prescription." Escalation of production, thor 'of The Peter Principle, scheduled of wars, of the ills of society carries its as the guest speaker, tickets were sold out own seed of destruction, he said. Other Sunday night. It was rumored that a civilizations have perished because man black market in banquet tickets was in could not foresee his fate. Today, our operation. It was announced that Dr. technology, our calculations and simula- Peter's speech would be piped into an tions enable us to predict the future and adjacent room for the benefit of those solve our problems if we are willing. His unable to get banquet tickets. Bob Gib- prescription for society was to "stop esca- son's last act as SLA President was to lating." His prescription for the indi- preside at this dinner. There was an in- vidual was to analyze your objective in vocation by the Rt. Rev. Rlsgr. Clement life, not to accept the objectives of others H. Kern; dinner music was provided by but to do the things you want to do. Eddie Schick's Continental Strings (cour- After the banquet quite a few copies tesy of General Motors, it is said); the of Dr. Peter's book emerged from purses mood was festive and gay, but the food and were duly autographed by the au- was the usual chicken dinner. thor. Dr. Peter had a bagful of tragi-comic Dr. Peter's speech was followed by the incompetencies ready for us, from the traditional presentation of awards, to be US. government on down to the Pasa- reported elsewhere in Special Libraries. dena Public Library with its books on There was a moving moment when the pregnancy on the lowest shelf. The first widow of Roy Holleman, who was half of his speech kept us laughing, but elected to the SLA Hall of Fame post- the second half was more serious as he humously, accepted the award with a moved from the "Peter Principle" via brief but gallant speech. the "Peter Placebo," "Peter Prophylac- Gerd

Honorary Membership I$ Conferred Mrs. Marian Holleman Responds Elizabeth Fergumn Receives the on SLA's Charter Member Joseph 1. to the Posthumous Election of Scroll and Medallion of the SLA Wheeler Roy Holleman to the SLA Hall Hall of Fame from President Gibson of Fame Presidents Come & Presidents Go-Smiles and a Touch of Aloha-Regalia of Office and a Memento of Service

Dear Ef, Conference sessions taken up report of the Special Committee on with Association business (Board of Di- Structure of the Association, and in con- rectors, Advisory Council, the Annual sidering the report on the status of the Business Meeting) have had their vari- SLA/ASIS merger negotiations. The two ables, too. In the coming year, meetings areas are clearly interrelated, but the of the Advisory Council are bound to Council expressid itself most vigorously have a special flair with Keith Blair pre- in the form of a resolution to the Board siding, as indicated by his opening roll that the present Divisions must be re- call and his report of the actions of the tained in whatever structure results from Board of Directors. Keith's choice of the merger, should it ultimately be con- words is distinctive, to say the least, plus summated. an extra flavor of delivery which is rather At the Friday Board meeting, however, indescribable. Quite a contrast with the a throng of about eight people heard the smooth polish and calm efficiency of out- board decline, by rejecting a motion by going Chairman Helen Waldron. Mr. Blair, to place such a binding in- Those missing (as usual) members of struction-sometimes referred to as a non- the Council would have found the eve- negotiable item-on the SLA Merger ning worthwhile for this reason only. Committee (now composed of President Parenthetically, it might be added that Oltman, President-Elect Gonzalez, and the first roll call indicated a lower per- Immediate Past-President Gibson). The centage of absentee Division officers than Board chose not to "tie the hands" of of absentee Chapter officers, for the first the Committee but to advise them to time in a very long time. consider the sense of the Council's ex- This improved Divisional representa- pressed desires as negotiations continue. tion record was just one more indication On this same subject, a larger number, of the increasing concern expressed dur- perhaps 15, had heard the earlier Board ing the long week in Detroit on the consider the information that ASIS had status of the Divisions in the SLA struc- conceded the exceedingly vital point ture. It appeared during the fairly ex- that the term "special libraries" (or pos- tended discussion of the latest progress sibly, librarians or librarianship) would be included in the title of the merged Dear Flo, The entire day, Thursday, was organization. In turn, the SLA Board ap- devoted to Division activities. Nine Di- parently has accepted the ASIS "non- visions pooled their resources and spon- negotiable" condition that the headquar- sored a day-long investigation into the ters of the merged organization must be problems of air and water pollution. I in Washington-because the other non- do not know how the meetings went, but negotiable ASIS condition was accepted I would say that this was an admirable that the merged organization recognize example of a cooperative effort to ex- the necessity for developing and oper- plore a subject of immediate concern to ating projects, as well as for initiating everyone. them. The immediately visible point Most of the other Divisions went on around which this concept revolves is tours. Visits were scheduled to various the present contract which ASIS has to libraries at the University of Michigan, operate the ERIC Clearinghouse, under to University Microfilms, and to the contract with the U.S. Office of Educa- Ford Motor Company (with a subsequent tion. Concern was again expressed over luncheon address at a neutral inn by an the financial risks which might be in- official of General Motors). volved in any situation involving de- The Museum and Picture Divisions pendence on Government monies. How- visited the Henry Ford Museum and ever, by a vote of 10 to l, the Board Greenfield Village in suburban Dear- approved the motion introduced by Miss Waldron which included the phrase, if I remember correctly, that "SLA go on record as being totally committed to research and development." The ERIC Clearinghouse is thus only an example of a type of activity in which ASIS is now involved, and in which the merged organization may later become deeply involved. This is clearly a reversal of policy for SLA itself. As recently as the Los Angeles Conference in 1968, the SLA Board went on record as being opposed to the philosophy of continued development and operation of on-going Miss Detroit, Elaine Kissel, a recent graduate of Wayne projects by taking steps toward ultimate State University Library School-and a member of the complete divorce from any fiscal or ad- Michigan Chapter-with GM's Delores Maximeno and Neil van Allen ministrative responsibility for the SLA Translations Center at John Crerar Li- brary. Interestingly enough, today's Board continues to be firm about the complete separation of SLA from any continuing involvement with the Trans- lations Center before the end of 1970. The apparent inconsistency can be explained by someone on the Board, I suppose, but not by me. There were other actions of the Board that might deserve some comment, but since so few SLA members cared enough to attend the three day meetings of the governing Scholarship Winner Martha Stark is congrafulated by body of the Association, I don't see why President Gibson and Jeanne M. Keogh, chairman of I should bother. Mac the Scholarship Committee 330 born. At the Henry Ford Museum Li- 100 historic buildings originating from brarian Jerry Smith and Director of many different locations. Bought by Archives Henry Edmunds had put up a Henry Ford, they were taken apart and fascinating exhibit in the museum area re-assembled at their present site. There especially for us librarians. Called "Back- were surprises such as Stephen Foster's grounds of American History," it in- birthplace and the Logan County Court- cluded Americana as diverse as auto- house, where Lincoln had practised law. graph letters by George Washington and Some of us went directly from Green- early chilclren's books. field Village to Detroit's Metropolitan The afternoon was devoted to a visit Airport--destination Denver, Washing- of Greenfield Village where we were ton and New York. Five busy, strenuous, ,joined by the Advertising & Marketing but stimulating days of meetings, visits Division. Greenfield Village was green, and exchanges of ideas had ended. peaceful and rural; it incorporates about Gerd

. . . and President-Elect Gonzalez, President Oltman and Past President Gibson ride off into a Detroit sunset in the presidential chariot drawn by four reindeer.* * Dear Ed.-Are you for real? Reindeer in Detroit? -Asst. Ed. jn~.~-Ar:cus~1970 33 1 Alpha, Dinner at the Pontcharfrain Wine Cellars I can only conclude that a certain kind erased the memory of the official luncheons. And of leIllming-like insanity crops up the prices were the same! Do we really need the ,.iodically in one cllapter after another, mob scene luncheon meetings? as they rush in to invite the Conference Samson to their location. Texas got smart and withdrew its invitation for 1973 in Dal- Ixs, b~tthere was good old Pacific North- west ready to leap in. Probably more in Dear Bob, The very first SLA Confer- nocence than insanity, I guess, but right ence (it was still a Convention then) I now 1 wish we could follow the advice 01' ever attended was in Cleveland. What Inore than one past Conference Chair- year was that? Recently, I have been man: "If you can get out of it, do so." wondering what I thought of it, since all IVell, we are committed in San Fran- the ones in between have more than cisco, md we will do our best. Personally, blurred my memories. And even though my hope is only that we can at least ap- 1 have been to some extent involved in pro;~cllthe standards for untiring energy, later Conferences in other cities, it was unflagging courtesy, and infinite patience only mildly in Montreal and intensively established by the Michigan Chapter in in Detroit that 1 have attempted to study dealing with that most demanding crea- and comprehend the incredible complex- ture, the quote special librarian close ities in planning and carrying out such qziote. an event. Roger

Pearl, Baby-However sympathetic I may be It is inevitably true that, given the size towards the good intentions of Conference and complexity of SLA, the desires and planners (and believe me, I had better be, needs of the various parts of the organiza- Eonsidering my present involvement in the tion for positions in the Conference sched- 1971 San Francisco Conference), I am be- ule are leading to more and more choices to ginning to worry that quantity rather than be made by an individual attendee as to quality is becoming the overriding criterion. which of several concurrent events will best We are beginning to develop the "my Con- suit his needs. I hope that such conflicts ference had more technical sessions than will lead to an enhancement of program your Conference" syndrome, which is bad qnality to meet the "competition." I have enough. Or perhaps worse, "my technical seen little such evidence to date. program is better than (that is, draws more people than) your technical program." RIac

As the marquee of Cobo Hall is changed, San Francisco Conference Chairman Mark Baer changes his broad smile to a question mark-what's to happen to me in I97 I ? SLA Salary Survey 1970 Conducted under the auspices of the SLA Personnel Committee Helen Loftus, Mrs. Virginia Sternberg, Mrs. Shirley F. Harper, Chairman

THE1970 SURVEY is the third salary survey to be conducted by Special Libraries Association. The first antl second surveys were in 1959 antl 1967. To allow comparison of tfle 1967 and 1970 surveys these questiorl- naires were as similar as possible. However. some atijustmencs were made in the 1970 format to take into account experience gained during the 1967 survey. 'l'he objectives of the SL.4 salary surveys al-e:

1'0 obtain systematic, accurate informa- --a-- MEDIAN tion about the salaries of special librarians and information personnel; r170 establish a data bank from which in- 1960 1965 1970 quiries about salaries can be answered for prospective students, for persons engaged in recruitment activities, and for SL.4 mem1)ers tllemselves; and Figure 1. Annual Salaries: To enable SIA members to assess their 1959,1967 and 1970 own salaries in view of the relevant variables.

Mean Annual Salary in 1970

'IIe mean basic annual salary in 1970 Table 1. Basic Annual Salaries: 1959, is $11,800. This is a 3SY0 increase over the 1967 & 1970 1967 mean of $9,600 and a 93% increase o\er the 1959 mean of $6,100. The basic annual salaries are in Table 1 and in Fig- No. Respondents 2,180 3,867 3,594 ures 1 and 2. Less than $8,000 -85% 33% 111 Survey Questionnaire

111 late December 1969 a questionnaire was mailed to persons in three SLA membership categories: Active, Active (Paid for Life) and Associate. Questionnaires were not mailed to Affiliate, Student, Emeritus, Sus- taining or Honorary members. An explana- tory letter accompanied the questionnaire as well as a postage paid return envelope. 'I'wo weeks later a reminder postcard was mailed. 20.000-24,999 1.0 insure complete anonymity the clues- More than $25,000 tior~naires wel-c returned to Creative Re- scardl Services, an independent research org~i~imtion,for processing. Of the 5,975 Mean Salary questionnaires mailed, a total of 3,594 usable lesponses were returned by the cutoff date. Med~anSalary Figure 2. Distribution of Mean Annual Salaries in Thousands of Dollars

Questionnaires Usable value of $28,500. (Therefore the salary fig- Mailed Responses ures are reported to the nearest $100.) Tlie median is an arithmetic average wllicll represents the salary at the center of the distribution. Half of the salaries are less than the median, and half are greater than the median. -1 he lower percentage response in the 1970 sutvey may be caused in part because almost simultaneous salary surveys were being con- Census Regions ducted by one Chapter and by one Division. In the 1970 SL.1 Survey, the nine geographical Census Regions of the U.S. were Presentation of Data again used as the largest regions for definition of job location (Figure 3). Canada Data in this report are presented to show was again considered as a tenth region. the relationsllips between salaries and the rele\ant variables. In general, the per cent New England West North Central of respondents in each category is reported instead of the actual number of respondents. Middle Atlantic West South Central It must be remembered that all salary in- South Atlantic Mountain States tervals in the questionnaiie and in the East South Central Pacific Coast tables are not equal. Between $8,000 and East North Central Canada $13,999, there are $1,000 intervals. From $14,000 to $19,999, there are $2,000 inter- Salaries by Census Regions vals. There is a $5,000 interval from $20,000 to S24,999. The I~ighestmean regional salary in 1970 is in the South Atlantic Region ($13,500). This region includes both the highest mean Definitions salary for a metropolitan area and the sec- Mean ancl median salaries have been ond lowest metropolitan area salary in the computed and are reported: United States: $15,100 for Washington, D.C. ancl $110,200 for Richmontl, Va. The The nicnrz was computed using the fol- Census Regions are depicted in Figure 3; lowing values: n) the midpoints of all in- tlle corresponding mean salaries are in tetrds between $8,000 and $24,999; b) the Table 2, and tlle salary tlistributions are in lowest category (less than $8,000) was as- 'Table 3. signed a \due of $6,900; c) the highest cate- l'l~eregions maintain their relative rank goty (more than 525,000) was assigned a order from 1967 to 1!)7O except tlrat the East Figure 3. Census Regions and ~eo~ra~hc Distributions of Respondents

Table 2. Mean Salaries by Census Region in Rank Order of 1970 Data

Increase SW)

South Atlantic $2,500(23%) East South Central 2,400(25%) Pacific Coast 1,800(18%) Middle Atlantic 2,300(24%) Mean of All Respondents -9.600 2,100(22%) East North Central 9,600 2,000(21%) New England 9,300 2,200(20%) Mountain States 9,300 1,900(20%) West North Central 8.900 2,200(24%) West South Central 8,900 1,900(20%) Canada 8,) 00* 1,900(23%)

South Central Region ($12,300) moves into Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas second place and the Pacific Coast Region ($1 1,900) drops to third place. To avoid the possibility of identifying Salaries of Canadian respondents still re- individual respondents, data are not remain lower than salaries of respondents in ported for a single Standard Metropolitan the United States. The Canadian mean is StatisticaI Area when there are less than 20 $10,000; the U.S. mean is $1 1,900. The 1970 respondents from that area. When the re- questionnaire specifically asked Canadian plies to the 1967 survey were analyzed and members to report their salaries in US$ by compared with the Post Office ZIP lists of multiplying Can$ by the factor, 1.07. The member addresses, it appeared that many 1967 survey had not specified such a cur- respondents could only be tabulated in a rency conversion; presumably Canadian Census Region rather than in a Standard members reported salaries in Can$ in the Metropolitan Statistical Area within that 1967 survey. region. Therefore, in the 1970 survey, two or more contiguous (or almost contiguous) SMSA's were grouped together to obtain a higher population of SLA respondents. Additional ShlSA's (or contiguous areas) were also added to the 1970 questionnaire for better identification of areas where SLA members are employed. When the replies from an area (or combined areas) did not meet the requirement of a minimum of 20 respondents, such replies are included in the total for the Census Region. Some of the Standard Metropolitan Areas with high mean salaries in 1970 had not been identified in the 1967 survey: Albuquer- que, N.M. ($12,900), Port- land, Oregon ($12,400), Durham, N.C. ($12,200), and Syracuse, N.Y. ($12,- 200). Similarly, some of the areas with low mean salaries in I970 had not been identified in the 1967 survey: Richmond.. Va.., New Haven, Conn., and Albany, N.Y. Table 5 shows the mean salaries in terms of the primary purpose of the employer. Respondents working in the federal government report the highest mean annual salaries ($14,- 000) which is a 44% increase over the mean reported in the 1967 survey. The mean for non-industrial employment ($12,200) is higher than either the mean for manufacturing industries ($11,500) or the mean for non-manufacturing industries ($10,800). Table 4. Mean Salaries Ranked by Standard Table 5. Mean Salaries by Type of Employer Metropolitan Areas in Rank Order of in Rank Order of 1970 Data 1970 Data

Increase Non-Industrial $1 2,200 1967 1970 $(%) Industrial Washington, D.C. $1 1.600 $15,100 $3,500(29%) Manufacturing 9,600 1 1,500(20%) San Diego 10,000 12,900 2,900(30%) Non-Manufacturing 8,800 1 0.800123%) Albuquerque 12,900 * Hartford 9,600 12,800 3,200(34%) Not Otherwise Specified 12,600 Newark 10,100 12,400 2,300(24%) All Respondents to Survey 9,600 11,800(23%) Portland 12,400 * Non-Industrial Buffalo 8,700 12,300 3,600(40%) Federal Government (U.S. Durham * 12,200 * or Canada) 9,700 14,000(44%) Cleve!ond 9,000 12,100 3,100134%) Academic/Subject Los Angeles l0,lOO 12,100 2,000(20%) Deportments 9,700 1 1 ,900123%) New York 9,500 12,000 2,500(26%) AcademidResearch Atlanta 10,500 11,900 1,400(13%) Institutes 9,700 1 1,800(22%) Other Government (State, Cincinnati 9,600 11,900 2,300(24%) provincial, local, Syracuse * 11,900 * international) 9,400 1 1 ,700(24%) San Francisco 10.400 11.900 1,500(14%) Public Library 9,300 11,500(24%) Milwaukee 9,300 Other Non-Profit 9,100 11,400!25%) Mean of All Manufacturing Industries Respondents 9,700 Ofice, Computing and Detroit 9,900 Accounting Machines Philadelphia 9,000 Aircraft & Parts, Aerospace Albony * Petroleum Refining Baltimore 9,900 Nuclear Energy Motor Vehicles & Equipment Minneapolis/ Phormaceuticals St. Paul 8,700 11,400 2,700(32%) Chemicols & Allied Plroducts Chicago 9,400 11,300 1,900(20%) Newspapers/Publishing Boston 8,9 10 11,300 2,400(27%) Electrical Equipment & New Haven 11,100 * Supplies Ottawa 9,300t 10,900t 1,600117%) t Metals & Metal Products St. Louis 9,100 10,900 1,800(20%) Rubber, Plastics, Gloss, -- -- - Dallas 8,400 10,800 2,400(29%) Ceramics, etc. Pittsburgh 8,900 10,700 1,800(20%) Other Manufacturing Houston 8,800 10,500 1,700(19%) Industries Denver 8,600 10,400 1,800(21%) Textiles, Lumber, Wood, Seattle 8,700 10.200 1,500(17%) Paper, etc.

Richmond, Va. A 10,200 * Non-Manufacturing Industries Kansas City 9,100 10.100 1,000(11 %) Legal Services 10,200 Toronto 8,0001- 9,900t 1,900(24%)t Other Non-Manufacturing Montreal 7,700t 9,400t 1,700(22%)t Industries 9,600 Commercial Laboratories, * Metropolitan Area was not identified in 1967 Survey. Business Services, t 1967 Can$; 1970 US$. Consulting Services, Engineering & Architectural Services 9,300 Transportation, Public Utilities, Communications 9,100 Banking, Finance, Real Estate, Planning 8,000 Insurance 8,000 Advertising, Marketing 8,200 Total Hartford Boston New Haven New England

No. Respondents 38 124 22 228

Less than $8,000 8% 12% 13% 13%

20,000-24,999 More than $25,000

Mean Median

iL ' I t I r I I 'I, 1 Table 4b. Salary Distributions in the Middle Atlantic Region ' I

Total Phila- Middle Newark Buffalo New York Syracuse delphia Albany Pittsburgh Atlantic

No. Respondents 86 48 512 23 166 26 93 1,051

Less than $8,000 11% 10% 6% 4 % 8% 11% 17% 8%

$ 8,000- 8,999 6 11 10 22 13 8 20 11 9,000- 9,999 9 17 15 13 16 12 15 15 10,000-1 0,999 23 12 16 4 15 8 -12 15 1 1,000-1 1,999 9 10 15 26 9 27 9 13 - - 7 - 12.000-1 2,999 -8 -6 -11 - 11 15 9 10 13,000-1 3,999 7 4 6 9 10 - 7 7

14,000-1 5,999 8 13 10 5 9 8 5 10 16,000-1 7,999 8 6 6 13 3 11 - 5 18,000-1 9,999 4 6 2 - 4 - 4 3

20,000-24,999 7 2 2 4 2 - 2 2 More than $25,000 - 2 1 - - - - 1 - - -. -- 100% 100% 100%

Mean $12,400 $12,300 $12,000 $1 1,900 $1 1,600 $1 1,500 $10,700 $1 1,900 Median 11,100 1 1,000 11,200 11,300 10,800 11,400 9,900 11.100 Table 4c. Salary Distributions in the South Atlantic Region

4 Total Washington, D.C. Durham Atlanta Baltimore Richmond South Atlantic

No. Respondents 23 35 62 22 534

Less than $8,000 -% 28 % 12% 18% 8%

$ 8,000- 8,999 26 6 5 9 7 9,000- 9,999 9 6 18 18 10 10,000-1 0,999 18 14 15 -23 10 1 1,000-1 1,999 4 -11 -23 14 11 12,000-1 2,999 4 3 8 14 10 - - 8 13,000-1 3,999 13 3 3 -, 14,000-1 5,999 4 9 10 4 11 16,003-17,999 13 3 2 - 11 18,000-1 9,999 9 14 2 - 5

20,000-24,999 - - 2 - 6 More than $25,000 5 - 3 - - 3 ------100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Mean $15,100 $12,200 $1 1,900 $1 1,500 $10,200 $13,500 Median 14,000 1 1,000 10,800 11,lOO 10,200 12,500

Table 4d. Salary Distributions in the East North Central Reg

Total East North Cleveland Milwaukee Cincinnati Detroit Chicago Central

No. Respondents 43 56 44 116 196 539

Less than $8,000 12% 11 % 14% 9 % 6 % 9 %

$ 8,000- 8,999 9 14 7 9 15 12 9,000- 9,999 16 9 14 15 18 15 10,000-1 0,999 12 9 16 9 18 15 1 1,000-1 1,999 16 11 9 18 13 13 - - - - -, 12,000-1 2,999 -7 11 14 13 10 11 13,000-1 3,999 - 12 9 11 5 7 14,000-15,999 12 14 9 9 6 9 16,000-1 7,999 7 4 - 3 4 4 18,000-1 9,999 2 3 4 2 2 3

20,000-24.999 7 2 2 2 2 2 More than $25,000 - - 2 - 1 0 - - 100% 100%

Mean $12,100 $1 1,600 Median 11,100 1 1,400 V

-L 3- Table 4e. Salary Distributions in the West North Central Region "

No. Respondents 66 42 29 172

Less than $8,000 9% 21 % 35 % 20%

20,000-24,999 More than $25,000

Mean $1 1,400 $10,900 $10,100 $1 1,100 Median 10,700 10,600 9,300 10,300

Table 4f. Salary Distributions in the West South Central Region Total Total West Mountain South Albuquerque Denver States Dallas Houston Central 93 No. Respondents 39 46 150 No. Respondents 20 35

Less than $8,000 13% 17% 19% Less than $8,000 5% 11% 9%

$ 8,000- 8,999 2 1 20 17 $ 8,000- 8,999 15 20 16 9,000- 9,999 18 13 15 9,000- 9,999 - 29 19 10.000-1 0,999 -13 -13 -13 10,000-1 0,999 5 - 9 11 1 1.000-1 1,999 13 9 11 1 1,000-1 1,999 15 6 -11 12,000-1 2,999 3 15 10 12,000-1 2,999 -15 6 9 13,000-1 3,999 8 - 3 13.000-1 3,999 10 8 10

14,000-1 5,999 5 9 5 14,000-1 5,999 20 8 8 16,000-1 7,999 2 4 3 16,000-1 7,999 5 3 5 18,000-1 9,999 2 - 1 18,000-1 9,999 10 - 2

20,000-24.999 2 - 2 20,000-24,999 - - - More than $25,000 - - More than $25,000 ------100% 100% 100%

Mean $1 0,800 $10.500 $10,800 Mean $12,900 $10,400 Median 10,000 10,000 10,000 Med~an 12,700 9,700 340 Table 4h. Salary Distributions in the Pacific Coast Region %: V Total Pacific Son Diego Portland Lor Angeles San Francisco Seattle Coast

No. Respondents 24 20 205 42 507

Less than $8,000 -% 5% 9 % 24% 9%

$ 8,OOCr 8,999 8 10 10 14 11 9,000- 9,999 8 5 14 29 12 10,000-10.999 21 10 13 -12 15 1 1.000-1 1,999 12 25 11 3 -13 12,000-1 2,999 -17 -20 -9 2 10 13,000-1 3,999 - - 9 5 8

14,000-1 5,999 13 10 13 7 12 16,000-1 7,999 13 10 5 - 4 18,000-1 9,999 4 - 3 2 3

20,000-24,999 4 5 3 2 3 More than $25,000 - - 1 - 0 - - - 100% 100% 100%

Mean $1 2,900 $ 12,400 $12,100 Median 12,000 1 1,800 1 1,400

Table 4i. Salary Distributions in Canada

Total Ottawa Toronto Montreal Canada

No. Respondents 32

Less than $8,000 13%

20,000-24,999 More than $25,000

Mean Median Table 6a. Salary Distributions by Responsibility

Dept. General Library Assistant or Unit All Non-Ad- Responsi- School Head Head Supervisor Respondents ministrative bilities Faculty

No. Respondents 1,271 319 504 3,594 447 93 1 61

Less than $8,000 4 % 8 % 4 % 11% 13% 24% 1 %

$ 8,000- 8,999 6 9 10 11 18 18 2 9,000- 9,999 8 16 14 14 2 1 -20 5 10,000-1 0,999 12 12 16 14 -15 15 5 1 1.000-1 1,999 13 13 -14 11 13 9 7 12,000-1 2,999 11 -9 11 10 8 7 15 13,000-1 3,999 -9 9 9 7 5 3 13

20,000-24,999 6 4 1 3 0 - 13 More than $25,000 2 1 1 1 - - 3 ------100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Mean $1 3,600 $12,300 $1 1,900 $1 1,800 $10,400 $9,700 $15,300

Median 1 2,600 1 1,400 1 1,400 1 1,000 9,900 9,400 14,300

There is a graduated increase in salary Table 6b. Number and Category of as job responsibility increases (Table 6a). Persons Supervised Those who have general responsibilities in a small one- or two-man library have a mean Profes- Tech- salary of $9,700; a mean of $13,600 is re- sionals nicians Clerks ported by persons who are "heads" of li- 1) Respondents Who Do braries. The highest mean by job respon- NotSupervise (& sibility is reported by the faculty of library No Answers) 56% 61% 66% scllools (S15,300). 2) Respondents Who DO The number of persons supervised is in Supervise 44 39 34 Table 6b; categories reported are profes- --- sional, technical (para-professional), and 100% 100% 100% clerical. If there is any validity in the multi- plication in Line 6, there would appear to 3) Persons Supervised: be a minimum of 1,000 professionals who 1 are not members of SLA. (In addition, there 2 are more than 15,000 technicians and cleri- 3-5 cal personnel who are directly influenced 6-10 by members of SL,4.) 11-15 Job functions (Table 6c)-as distinguished 16-20 from job responsibilities-show a high for 213- systems specialists ($13,600) followed by information specialists ($11,500). In contrast to the 1967 survey, the mean salaries for 4) No. Respondents Who other job functions are all essentially the DOSupervise 1,578 1,395 2,380 same ($10,400-10,600); a range of almost 5) Mean No. Persons $3,000 in the 1967 mean values for such job Supervised 5 4 5 functions had been found. This change may 6) No. Persons indicate that the work of reference librari- Supervised (Line ans, document librarians, catalogers, bibli- 4 X Line 5) 7,890 5,580 11,900 ographers, etc. is being recognized to be of 7) No. Respondents Who equivalent importance. Do NotSupervise 2,016 2,199 1,214 342 SPECIALLIBRARIES Table 6c. Salary Distributions by Job Function

Reader Editor Services Bibliographer/ Acquisitions Documents Abstractor Systems All Information or or Literature or or or Specialist Respondents Specialist Writer Reference Searcher Cataloger Reports Indexer Translator

No. Respondents 67 3,594 41 4 67 727 246 560 138 127 33

Less than $8,000 2 % 11 % 12% 16% 13% 15% 15% 19% 16% 15%

$ 8,000- 8,999 2 11 12 15 16 13 16 17 16 15 9,000- 9,999 8 14 15 13 19 18 19 18 17 18 1 0,000-1 0,999 10 14 13 -15 -15 -17 -17 -13 13 -18 1 1,000-1 1,999 18 -12 -13 13 15 12 11 14 18 21 12,000-1 2,999 18 10 12 6 9 12 8 5 9 9 13,000-1 3,999 -3 7 6 6 5 5 5 6 3 3 14,000-1 5,999 19 9 7 5 5 6 6 3 6 0 16,000- 17,999 10 5 5 3 3 2 2 3 1 0 18,000-1 9,999 6 3 2 3 - 0 1 0 0 0 20.000-24.999 4 3 2 2 - 0 - 1 1 0 More than $25,000 0 1 1 3 - - 0 1 0 0 ------100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Median 12,700 11,000 10,900 10,200 10,200 10,200 10.000 9,800 10,100 10,200 Table 7a. Salary Distributions by Highest Academic Degree

Bachelor's Ph.D. Master's All Respondents or Less No Reply

No. Respondents 119 2,275 3,594 1,095 105

Less than $8,000 2% 6% 1 1Yo 20% 26 %

9,000- 9,999 3 14 14 16 9 10,000-1 0,999 2 14 14 -13 -13 1 1,000-1 1,999 5 13 -12 12 9 12,000-1 2,999 8 -11 10 7 12 13,000-1 3,999 4 8 7 6 3

14,000-1 5,999 13 11 9 7 5 16,000-1 7,999 -19 6 5 3 3 18,000-1 9,999 11 3 3 1 0

20,000-24,999 19 3 3 1 1 More than $25,000 11 1 1 - 1 - - - - - 100% 100% 1OOYo 100% 100%

Mean Median

Table 7c. Salary Distributions by Subject Field

Philosophy Library/ Earth Engi- Physical and Social Information Law Sciences neering Sciences Religion Sciences Science

No. Respondents 37 32 45 192 24 171 2,657

Less than $8,000 0% 13% 11% 6% 21% 10% 7 %

$ 8,000- 8,999 8 16 4 9 8 11 11 9,000- 9,999 5 13 7 16 13 11 14 1 0,000-1 0,999 3 0 11 10 4 13 14 1 1,000-1 1,999 8 9 16 9 4 12 13 12,000-1 2,999 6 13 11 -9 -4 -9 -10 13,000-1 3,999 11 -6 - 9 8 0 6 8 14,000-1 5,999 11 6 11 13 2 1 8 10 16,000-1 7,999 -16 6 4 7 17 8 6 18,000-1 9,999 11 0 7 5 4 6 3

20,000-24,999 16 9 7 6 4 5 3 More than $25,000 5 9 2 2 0 1 1 ------100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Mean $l6,l W $13,600 $13,200 $12,900 $12,500 $12,500 $12,000 Median 16,000 12,000 12,200 1 2,000 12,000 1 1,400 1 1,300

It is not surprising to find that salaries followed by the earth sciences at $13,600 are proportional to the highest academic and engineering at $13,200. The salary dis- degree of the respondents (Tables 7abc). tributions in relation to the years of When the disciplines are compared, the professional experience (after the highest de- highest of all is law with a mean of $16,100, gree) are in Table 7d. A significant com- Table 7b. Mean Salary by Subject and by Degree

All Respondents Bachelor's Master's Ph.D.

No. Respondents 3,594 1,095 2,275 1 1:9

Law Earth Sciences Engineering Physical Sciences Social Sciences

Philosophy & Religion Foreign Languages Library/lnformation Science English &Journolism

All Respondents 11,800 10,700 12,200 17,500

Education 1 1,800 10,400 12,300 20,700 Business, Commerce, Economics 1 1,700 10,500 13,000 28,000 Biomedical Sciences 1 1,600 10,700 1 1,600 18,300 Fine & Applied Arts 1 1,400 9,300 12,700 18,300 Liberal Arts 1 1,000 10,300 13,000 15,300

Business, Fine & Foreign English & All Re- Commerce, Biomedical Applied Liberal Languages Journalism spondents Education Economics Sciences Arts Arts

parison of the 1959, 1967 and 1970 surveys find that as the basic annual salary increases, shows a significantly large increase in the so also does the additional incremental pro- percentage of degrees in library/informa- fessional income derived from bonuses, profit tion science (Table 7e). sharing, royalties, honoraria, consulting There should, perhaps, be no surprise to fees, etc. (Figure 4). Table 7d. Salary Distribution and Experience after Highest Academic Degree h

Years after Bachelor's Degree Years after Master's Degree Years after Doctorate (1,049 respondents) (2,201 respondents) (93 respondents)

1-5 6-10 11-20 21+ 1-5 6-10 1 1-20 21+ 1-5 6-1 0 1 1-20 21+

No. Respondents 161 226 321 34 1 698 444 667 392 25 2 1 27 20

Less than $8,000 41 % 27% 16% 8% 11% 5% 3 % 2% 0 5 0 0

20.000-24.999 0 1 2 1 1 1 4 8 4 24 26 25 More than $25,000 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 4 9 11 25 ------. - -- --. - - 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Mean $8,900 $9,400 $10,800 $12,200 $10,300 $1 1,700 $13,600 $13,900 $16,000 $18,100 $17,700 $20,300

Median 8,400 9,200 10,400 1 1,700 9,700 1 1,200 12,900 13,000 16,300 18,000 18,000 20,000 Table 7e. Degrees in Library/ Table 8a. Age Distribution Information Science

1970 20-29 Degree 30-39 Librory/lnforrnation 40-49 Science 46% 67% 74% 50-59 Other Subjects only 54 33 26 60 or over - 100% 100% I 00% NOAnswer

No. Respondents 2,180 3,867 3,594 No. Respondents zw There is little significant change in the 0 ages of persons replying to the 1967 and 0 1970 surveys. Most significant is that there $1000 are no more than 10% of the respondents aJ 2 who are in the age group of 20-29, and less Z than 30% who are in 20-39 age group Z a (Table 8a). 2 $500 Because years of professional work experi- Z 0 ence are usually proportional to age, it is k not unexpected to find that the mean salary n ~3 increases with increasing age-by decades a (Table 8b). The 1967 survey showed a lower $10M $15 M $20M mean for "60 and Over" than for the "50- BASIC ANNUAL SALARY 59" age group. Altllough a small drop still appears in the 1970 survey for ages above Figure 4. Additional professional income 60, it appears that the effects of low starting derived from consulting fees, honoraria, roy- salaries 30 or more years ago are gradually alties, profit sharing, bonuses, etc. being eliminated.

Table 8b. Salary Distributions by Age

All 20-29 30-39 Respondents 40-49 50-59 60 and Over

No. Respondents 384 639 3,594 1,153 1,041 355

Less than $8,000 24% 8% 11% 9% 9 % 10%

20,000-24,999 0 1 3 3 4 5 More than $25,000 0 - 1 I 1 2 ------100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Mean $9,200 $1 1,200 $1 1,800 $12,300 $12,500 $12,400

Median 9,000 10,600 1 1,000 1 1,500 1 1,800 1 1,400 Table 9a. Sex Distribution Table 9b. Salary Distribution by Sex

All Re- Male Female spondents Male Female No. Respondents 741 2,183 3,594 No Answer Less than $8,000 3% 14% 11 %

No. Respondents 3,867 3,594

Tile mean annual salary for women ($10.- 900) is 75";, of the mean annual salary for mcn (S14.600). The median for women (S10.400) is 770;, of the median for men ($13,500): the 77y0 fifig1.e can be compared wit11 the 65.9°;, reported by the Women's I%ureau, U.S. Dept. of Labor, for 1968 sal- alies of all prolessi,,nal and tccl~nicalwot-k- 20,000-24,999 9 1 3 ers. In spite of the "equal pay laws" enacted More than $25,000 4 - 1 by 35 states as of December 1969, similar 100% 100% 100% differences have been reported for all occu- ptional levels from blue collar to white Mean $14,600 $10,900 $11,800 collar. Median 13,500 10,400 1 1.000 l'o test the compatibility of data from the 3970 survey, certain high income cate- Ixlow the mean. In spite of the p~rh;lp~ill- gories were re-analyzed by sex of the re- dependent effects of geographic location, sp:)nclents. In all instances (geographic, job library subject, academic degree and job function, subject, and highest academic tle- title, there is evidence for a real male-ori- gree) men's salaries clustered above the ented sex bias in salaries reported for a11 ovcr;rll mean and women's salaries clustered categories.

All Ratio Respondents Men Women Women/Men

Washington, D.C.-Va.-Md. Head of Library Law Libraries Doctorate

AALL Salary Survey also discovered that 23 per cent of those libr;~ri;ins who replied have both law and li- A report on "Law Library Salaries" was brary science degrees, while 22 per cent hare presented during the 63rd Annual Meeting no degrees at ;111. Ot~e-thirdof the two tlc- of the American Association of Law Libraries gree gro~~pcxtl more than S15,000 per year. (Jun 28-Jul 2, 1970). The AALL survey was 01 those with law degrees only (about 40 per conducted by Carlyle J. Frarey (Columbia cent), 44 per cent earti more than $12,000 University School of Library Service). A pre- per ye;". ,I distressit~gfact was reconfirmed liminary report has appeared it] the I.ib~crry by this strtdy-the discrimit~ationin women's of O'o?~gi-''..\.\I nfot~?ntrtion B~rllrtin 29: 110.9, salaries. l'he medi;~tlul;~ry for ;I wornall is p.A-5G(Jul 23, 1970): S8,500, while for ;I m:tn it stands at S13,000." "'I here was a 54 per cent rate of returtl on the 1,500 questionnaires hlr. Frarey circu- \\'bile the median salaries reported for I;~tetlLC; memljers of AAIL 111 respotise to I)oth met1 and women law libr;~rians arc1 his question 'who are librarians,' 53 per cent lower it1 the .\;\I,L survey than in the SL.4 ;~t~snw-etlwomen, 36 per cent at~sweredmen, survey, the distressing discrimination in and 11 per cent were undecided. Mr. Frarey wometr's wl;~riecis corlfirmccl. vistas

LTP Reports to SLA

Coming in LTR Reports on four additional lines of card oped by Foster D. Snell, Inc. for the Insti- catalog cabinets have been received from tutional Research Council, Inc. The Council Buyers Laboratory, Inc. The report on the on Library Resources, Inc. provided 50% of Herman Miller line, the first on a card cata- the financing for the device. The remainder log cabinet featuring plastic trays, was pub- came from IRC and other institutions. lished in the May 1970 issue of Library The final tests were made on carpet in- T~chnolo~~Reports. The other three lines stalled in a corridor leading from a New of cabinets-Alma Desk, Hugh Acton, and York hotel to a subway entrance. Although Thonet-will be reported on in the July is- carpeting was twice stolen, data assembled sue. showed that the prediction of carpet wear Also scheduled for publication in the July made on the basis of the test device was issue are reports on several lines of plastic validated in actual use. general seating chairs (without arms). Chairs Now that the device has been validated, it manufactured and/or marketed by the fol- is anticipated that an organization will be lowing companies are included in the test interested in building it for the institutional program: American Seating, Brunswick, consumer. Burke, Cole Steel Equipment Company, Domore, Knoll, Herman Miller (2 models), A/V Test Agreement and Steelcase. An agreement with the Department of Work for the Visually Handicapped Audiovisual Instruction (DAVI), an affiliate of the National Education Association, has LTP was represented at a conference held been reached by LTP to jointly sponsor and in Chicago in April, sponsored by the Na- finance the drafting of performance stand- tional Accreditation Council for Agencies ards for record players, tape recorders and Serving the Blind and Visually Handicapped, playback units, and 16mm motion picture an area in which LTP has been active for a sound projectors, and filmstrip and combina- number of years. A beginning toward estab- tiou filmstrip/slide projectors. It is expected lishing useful standards for the production that the standards will be forwarded to ANSI of reacting materials for the blind and visu- for adoption as ANSI standards. ally handicapped was made at the conference The work of drafting the standards will be by setting initial guidelines. Three draft carried out by Dr. Raymond Wyman, Direc- standards were discussed: for L'trge Print tor of the Audiovisual Center at the Uni- Reading Materials, for Recorded Materials, versity of Massachusetts, Amherst. Dr. Wy- and for Tactile Reading Materials. Com- man is chairman of the DAVI Commission ments and suggestions made by the confer- on Technical Standards and chairman of the ence participants will be incorporated into American National Standards Institute the p~oposedstandards. (ANSI) PH7 Committee on Photographic Audiovisual Standards. Carpet-Wear Tester Okayed Test reports ha\,e been received showing Mrs. Marjorie E. Weissman \alidatiot~ for the carpet-wear tester devel- LTP/ALA, Chicago 6061 1 COMING EVENTS ana, Yugoslavia . . . Aug 23-28, 1971. U.S. and Canadiau authors should send papers to I'rol. C. C. Gotlieb, Institute of Computer Aug 17-27. Newspapers and Mass Media Li- Science, Unilersity or Toronto, Ontario, braries Workshop, Kent State University . . . C;~n;~d;t. directed by Professor Rose L. Vormelker. 1Vrite: Workshop Secretary, School of Li- Dec 1. I)e;~dliriefor submission of summaries ljrary S~ieiice,Kent State University, Kent, oC papers to be prebentcd at International Ohio 44240. Conference on Information Science, Tcl Aviv, Israel . . . .4ug 23-27, 1971 under the Aug 26-29. Systems Planning and Analysis spo~isorshipof the Israel Society of Special for Library Automation . . . an institute Libraries and Information Centers (ISLIC). at the I'ark Plam Hotel, Toronto . . . spon- Submit summaries to ISLIC, P.O. Box 16271, sored by the IARC Association. Registration l'el Aviv. Israel. information: Dr. Alexander Cain, Lockwood hlemorial Library, SUNY/Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y. 14214.

Sep 1-3. Association for Computing Ma- chinery . . . at the New York Hilton Ho- Jan 6-12. International Association of tel. For further information write: "ACRI Orientalist Librarians . . . in Canberra, 70," 1133 Avenue of the Americas, N.Y. Australia. 1 OO36. Jan 18-23. ALA Midwinter Meeting . . . in Sep 7-1 1. Sixth International Cybernetics 1,os Angeles. Congress . . . in Namur, Belgium. Write: International Association for Cybernetics, Jan 27-30. SLA Board of Directors and Ad- Secretariat, Palais des Expositions, Place 4n- visory Council . . . at the Hilton I'alacio dre Kijckmans, 5000 Namur, Belgium. tlel Rio, San Antonio, Texas.

Sep 17-18. Drug Information Association . . . at the hlarriott hlotel, Philadelphia. Write: Robert L. Marlin, Sandoz Pharma- ceuticals, Hanover, N.J. 07936.

Sep 20-23. Aslib 44th Annual Conference Complete composition, press . . . at the University of Aberdeen, Scot- and pamphlet binding facilities, cou- land. TVrite: Aslib, 3 Belgrave Square, Lon- pled with the knowledge and skill don SWl, England. Themr: Research and gained through fifty years of experi- Development in Library and Information St ience. ence, can be put to your use-profitably

Oct 11-15. 33rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science . . . at the Sheraton Hotel, Philadelphia. Themp:The Information Conscious Society. THE Convention chairman: Dr. Eugene Garfield, VERMONT In\titute for Scientific Information, 325 PRINTING COMPANY Chestnut St., Philadelphia 19106. Oct 19-21. SLA Board of Directors. Gra- Brattleboro, Vermont mercy Park Hotel, N.Y. 10003.

Nov 17-19. Fall Joint Computer Conference, FJCC. Houston, Texa\. IVrite: AFIPS, 210 PRINTERS OF THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL Summit A\e., Rlontvalc, N.J. OF SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION

Nov 30. Deadline for submission of papers to be presented at IFIP Congress 71, Ljublj- We have now taken over the following remaining stock of "THE ENGLISH CATALOGUE OF BOOKS" Vol. 16 1948-1951, Cumulative Volume $42.00 Vol. 17: 1932-1955, Cumulative Volume $45.75 Vol. 18, 19.56-1959, Cumulative Volume $57.20 Vol. 19, 1960-1962, Cumulative Volume $60.00 Vol. 20, 1963-1965, Cumulative Volume $71 .SO 1966, Annual Volume ...... $18.60 1967, Annual Volume ...... $20.00 Limited quantities available---early ordering essential ALSO A1.L CUhIUI.ATIVE AND MOST SINGLE YEAR1.Y VOLUMES, NEW AND SECONDHAND, FROM 1801- 1968 FULL DETAILS ON REQUEST

THE BRITISH MUSEUM SUBJECT INDEX By G. K. Fortescue 1881-1900 Three Volumes f 10 10s. ($30.00) per volume 1901-1905 One Volume 1906-1910 One Volume 3911-1915 One Volume 1916-1920 One Volume 1921-1925 oneVolume LIZ 12s. ($36.00) per volume WE HAVE A CURE 192&1930 One Volume 1931-1935 Two Volumes I 1936-1940 Two Volumes I FOR OLD AGE. 1941-1945-.-- -- One Volume 1946-1950 Four Volumes It takes just 28 days to give 1951-1955 in preparation 1956-1960 Six Volumes your worn publications a new lease on life. One volume or SUBJECT INDEX OF BOOKS RELATING TO THE a hundred. Old books. New EUROPEAN WAR ACQUIRED BY THE BRITISH XIUSEUM 1914-1920 f3 3s. ($9.00) books. Your Heckman bindery- A SUBJECT INDEX OF BOOKS PUBLISHED trained consultant will talk UP TO AND INCLUDING 1880 over your book preservation By R. A. Peddie needs with you. In person. He Complete set of 4 volumes £78 15s. ($225.00) will also pick up your order. Single volumes f21 ($63.00) And deliver it-in 28 days. Our PALMER'S INDEX TO 'THE TIMES own delivery vans and regional NEWSPAPER 1790-1941 warehouses help insure this (June) regular "special handling" Complete microfilm edition in 21 reels which can be service. supplied individually £282. 10s. ($795.00) Also available are some of the orlglnal bound For all your binding needs quarterly volumes within the period 1867-1941. -a cure for old age, or a pre- Details on request. ventive care program, write or phone: The following titles always available. Details on request. Whitaker's Cumulative Booklet-Both Cumu- lative and Yearly Volumes; Reference Catalogue of Current Literature; The Cumulative Book Index; Book Prices Current; The Illustrated London News; Picture Post; The Times; Pal- mer's Index to The Times, original quarterly volumes as well as Palmer's Index to The Times 1790-1941 (June) on Microfilm; The Official In- dex to The Times, orig. vols.; The Annual Reg- ister; The Quarterly Review; The Economist; The Times Literary Supplement; Chemical Abstracts; Studio; Parliamentary Debates, Lords and/or Commons, all series, etc. Some books on Librarianship-List Available-as well as peri- THE HECKMAN BINDERY, INC. odicals in all fields and languages, your Want- NORTH MANCHESTER, IND. Lists receiving immediate attention PHONE: (219) 962-2107 H. PORDES Publisher @ Bookseller 529B Finchley Road, London, N.W. 3 England A TOTAL OF 230,000 RESEARCH REPORTS IN 1970 FROM: AEROSPACE BIOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE PUBLIC HEALTH AGRICULTURE GENETICS RADIATION BIOLOGY BACTERIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES MICROBIOLOGY TOXICOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY NUTRITION VETERINARY SCIENCE BIOINSTRUMENTATION PARASITOLOGY VIROLOGY BIOPHYSICS PATHOLOGY CELL BIOLOGY PHARMACOLOGY Plus 60other major ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY subject areas. INCLUDING RESEARCH REPORTS FROM:

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THE ONLY COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION SERVICE IN BIOLOGY FOR ALL ITS SUBJECT AREAS AND FOR ALL THE WORLD.

for further miormatron wrlte Marketrng Bureau BlOSClENCES INFORMATION SERVICE OF BIOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS 2100 Arch Street Philadelph~a,Pennsylvania 19103,USA.

Expert Service on PLACEMENT MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS "Positions Open" and "Positions Wanted" ads are for $1.50 per line; $4.50 minimum. Current members of SLA may place a "Positions Wanted" ad at a special SPECIAL LIBRARIES rate of $1.00 per line; $3.00 minimum. There is a minimum charge of $10.00 for a "Market Place" ad of three lines or less; each additional line is $3.00. There are approximately 45 characters and spaces to Faxon Librarians' Guide a line. Copy for display ads must be received by the tenth Available on Request of the month preceding the month of publication; copy for line ads must be received by the fifteenth.

Classified ads will not be accepted on a "run until Fast, efFicient, centralized service cancelled" basis; twelve months is the maximum, unless renewed. for over 80 years. Library business is our only business! POSITIONS WANTED

College, Museum, Art Gallery, Historical Refer- ence-Over 20 yrs. experience in libraries. Five F. W. FAXON CO., INC. yrs. as administrator of association library stressing collecting, restoring, & maintaining local 15 Southwest Park Westwood, Mass. 02090 history. N. Y. & N. J. area preferred, but open to Continuous Service To Libraries Since 1886 others. Mrs. Della Bellina, N. Main Street, Box 55, RD #3, Boonton, N. J. 07005. POSITIONS WANTED POSITIONS OPEN

Librarian-With MS in LS from top ALA-ac- Chief Librarian-The School of Library Science credited library school seeking college or re- of the University of Toronto requires a Chief search librarianship position. Approximately Librarian for its library. Collection: 37,000 vol- 21/2 years in special libraries and 1 year in umes; 1,600 serial titles. Acquisitions budget for academic libraries. Available after August 1. 1969/70: $40,000. Student enrollment: 220 full- Box C-144. time and 80 part-time. Library staff: 4 professional, 5 supporting staff, plus student assistants. Move to new building with multi-media facilities scheduled for December 1970. Net floor area in new libr'ary of 16,500 square feet. Oppor- POSITIONS OPEN tunity for policy developmrnt, systems planning and for experimentation with new concepts of Head, Serials Department-Northern Illinois information storage and retrieval in an operat- University is searching for a librarian to initi- ing system. ate and then direct a new Serials Department. Position of Chief Librarian has been reclassi- This challenging position offers major oppor- fied as Librari'an 4 at $12,600 per annum, plus tunities for professional fulfillment and growth. fringe benefits. Degree from accredited library school and Principal responsibilities include developing related experience required. Send r6sum6 to a central serials record system, improving cataloging routines, and planning for increased Chairman, Selection Committee, School of Li- brary Science, University of Toronto, 167 Col- serials acquisitions. The administrative duties of this position require a Master's Degree in lege Street, Toronto 130, Ontario, Canada. Library Science, plus a minimum of 5 years of experience, the larger part of which should be in serials work. Technological Services Librarian-Coordinates Minimum salary $13,200 for 12 month con- and directs library programs responsive to the tract, Illinois Retirement System benefits, aca- needs of Milwaukee area business and industry, demic status, one month vacation. Applicants maintaining close contact with local business should write to George M. Nenonen, Personnel and p~ofessional groups who require detailed Director, University Libraries, Northern Illinois information relating to science and technology. University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115. Requires MLS. 8-10 years professional experience, thorough knowledge of EDP and information retrieval systems, and experience in a co- ordinating or directing capacity within a scientific subject area. Starting salary $13,723.74- $15,009.32, depending upon qualifications. Con- tact: Milwaukee City Service Commission, Room Li hrarian 706. City Hall, 200 E. Wells St.. Milwaukee, Wis. 53202, Dept. SL, or call (414) 276-3711, Ext. Pharmaceutical firm needs a Head Librarian 376. to direct the activities of the research library. Library serves the whole company, but primarily some 500 R. & D. personnel. Head, Sciences Division-Simon Fraser Univer- Position involves responsibility for whole sity Library invites applications for the position library operation-selection, ordering and of Sciences Librarian. cataloging of books, acquisition on periodi- DO'TIES:Co-ordinate the growth of all science cals and other materials, interlibrary loans; collections in relation to faculty research inter- supervision of library staff. Future expansion ests and curriculum emphases; supervise refer- anticipated. ence and literature searching services; adminis- ter a staff of 2 professionals and 5 assistants; Requirements are an undergraduate degree maintain com.nunications with Science Faculty; in a science, master's degree in library sci- plan future development of services in the Di- ence, some foreign language facility and vision; assist the Assistant University Librarian several years experience in a special library. for Collections in administering the Collections Divisions. Please send resume of training, experience REQCIREMENTS:Degree in a major science and salary expecfafions to: (preferably chemical or biological sciences): library school degree; minimum of 5 years science Professional Employment library experience; understanding of computer applications; and proven supervisory and ad- Bristol Laboratories ministrative ability. SALARY: Present range is $12,000-$15,000. Division of Bristol-Myers Company Send curriculum vitae and names of three P.O. Box 657 references to: Lawrence E. Thomas, Assistant Syracuse, N. Y. 13201 University Librarian for Collections, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby 2, British Columbia, An Equal Opportunity Employer Canada. A Plans For Progress Company POSITIONS OPEN THE MARKET PLACE

Librarian-National professional association initiating special library service. Full or part time. Foreign Books and Periodicals-Specialty: Irregu- Cataloging and classification. Degree or experi- lar Serials. Albert J. Phiebig, Box 352, White ence equivalent. Challenging ground floor op- Plains, N.Y. 10602. portunity. Excellent benefits. Apply: Dr. L. 0. Gearhart, Secy-Treas., American Chiropractic Back Issue Periodicals-Scientific, Technical, Association, 2200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, Medical and Liberal Arts. Please submit want Iowa 50312. lists and lists of materials for sale or exchange. Prompt replies assured. G. H. Arrow Co., 4th & Brown Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. 19125. Midwest Metropolitan Daily-Seeks assistant to head of Reference Department. Professional library training and/or newspaper library ex- Quick Translations-French, German translated perience required. Box C-141. into English by technically trained personnel. Efficient, confidential, accurate work. Quick- - Trans, 11197 Clinton St., Elma, N.Y. 14059. Tel. Atlantic Richfield Company-Requires a Techni- (716) 684-7168. cal Processes Librarian for its Corporate Library in New York City. The successful candidate will Chemical Abstracts-Vol. 42 (1942) through vol. have an MLS degree and at least two years of 71 (1970). Includes 4th Decennial Index (1937- related experience, including experience using 1946). Over 270 volumes bound in black with conventional ~atdloging,classification, and pro- gold lettering. All inquiries answered. Geron-X, cessing methods for commercial publications and Box 1108, Los Altos, Calif. 94022. company-internal technical reports and corre- spondence, as well as experience and/or training Florida Public Documents Index-Now avail- in computer-based information systems. The po- able, the Florida Atlantic University KWOC sition will be available 1 July; the salary is index and shelf list to the public documents of competitive and based on qualifications. RPsu- Florida on Kodak KOM-90 16 mm microfilm, mPs including salary history are invited for the $5.00 for one cumulative issue or $25.00 for attention of: Miss Linda Blanchard, Corporate 6 bi-monthly cumulative issues. For further Personnel Advisor, Atlantic Richfield Company, information write: Florida Documents Index 717 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022. Tele- Proiect, Florida Atlantic University Library, phone: 212-758-2345. Boca Raton, Florida 33432. Reference Librarian-Northern Illinois Univer- sity is currently seeking a progressive individual with a background in the Social Sciences to fill INDEX TO ADVERTISERS a vacancy in its Reference Department. Primary responsibilities include providing Biosciences Information Service . . 16~ reference and general reader service to students and faculty, assist in book selection, and super- Chemical Abstracts Service ...... 12~ vision of student assistants. MLS and four years DASA Corporation ...... 8A, 9A acatlctnic library experience required. Minimum salary $11,000 for 12 month con- Ebsco Subscription Services . . Cover IV tract, Illinois Retirement System benefits, academic status, and one month vacation. Interested The Faraday Press, Inc...... 1~ applicants should contact George M. Nenonen, F. W. Faxon Co., Inc...... 16~ Personnel Director, University Libraries, North- ern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115. Franklin Square-Mayfair ...... 14.4 Public Services Librarian-To clevelop new mcd- Gaylord Bros., Inc...... Cover 111 ical school library's reference, reserve, circulation and interlibrary loan services. Should have The Heckman Bindery, Inc...... 15~ familianity with bio-medical terminology. Salary Information Company of America . 2~ range open depending upon background. Con- tact Dr. Donald Morton, Head Librarian, Uni- Institute for Scientific versity of Massachusetts Medical School, 419 Information ...... 6A, 7~ Belmont Street, Worcester, Mass. 01604. The New York Times ...... Cover I1 Manager-Technical & Marketing Information H. Pordes ...... 15~ Service-Illinois food products firm seeks a mature librarian capable of independent work to Society of Photo-Optical organize and run a library in its Research Dept. Instrumentation Engineers ...... 10~ BS or MS in LS with some knowledge of sa., econ., or mktg; rxper. in industry helpful. Salary Special Libraries Association...... 13~ range around $15M. RPsumP to Lucien G. Jones, The Vermont Printing Company . . 350 Walt Montgomery & Associates, 801 N. Salisbury St., West Lafayette, Ind. 47906 or call 317-743- University Microfilms ...... 5A 4085. ew things are happenin

People used to think ot us only as a source oi library supplies and equipment for processing, shelving and circulating books. Some still do. But over the years . . . especially the recent years . . . we've quietly expanded and now serve a much broader tield.

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