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Oxford Scholarly Editions Online i. the author David A. Traill (ed.), Oxford Medieval Texts: Walter of Châtillon: The Shorter Poems: Christmas Hymns, Love Lyrics, and Moral-Satirical Verse Published in print: 2013 Published online: October 2019 I. THE AUTHOR WALTER OF CHÂTILLON is generally regarded as one of the greatest of medieval Latin poets. In his own day and for centuries after his death he was best known for his Alexandreis, an 1 epic in the Virgilian tradition celebrating the life of Alexander the Great. The more than two hundred surviving manuscripts indicate that in the Middle Ages it was almost certainly read by more readers than Beowulf, El Cid, Niebelungenlied, and Chanson de Roland combined. This was partly because of the enormous popularity of Alexander at the time but mainly because Walter's polished style and classical Latinity made it an ideal choice for a school text. Walter was almost equally well known for his lively satirical poems that pilloried the failings of the upper echelons of the ecclesiastical establishment. These shorter poems, unlike the Alexandreis, employ rhythm and rhyme rather than the traditional quantitative metres of classical Latin poetry. Along with these satirical poems, Walter's love poems, tinged as they usually are with irony, have been enjoying increasing popularity. We know little about Walter's life. All his datable poems fall within the period 1160–80 but we can only guess when he was born and when he died. Apart from what little can be gleaned from his own writings, we have several brief uitae attached to some of the manuscripts of the Alexandreis but these are of doubtful value, tending to agree when they offer information that might have been inferred from Walter's writings but often diverging on 2 other points. Texts and translations of three of the most important of these follow: v ex Vita 1 (Oxford, Exeter College 69, fo. 82 , s. xiii ) In territorio igitur Insulensi uilla Roncinio quidam Galterus oriundus fuit, qui in litterarum scientia adeo claruit ut tantum eius sapientiam quidam mirabili breuitate collaudans dixerit: ................................................................................................................ pg xii Quicquid gentiles potuerunt scire poete, 3 totum Galtero gratia summa dedit. Page 1 of 13 DOI of this work: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199297399.div1.2 https://www.oxfordscholarlyeditions.com/view/10.1093/actrade/9780199297399.book.1/actrade-9780199297399-div1-2 PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARLY EDITIONS ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarlyeditions.com). (c) Oxford University Press, 2019. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the agreement, an individual user may print out single copies of portions of Oxford Scholarly Editions Online for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). Subscriber: New York University; date: 06 June 2020 Hic ex eo quod apud Castellionem opidum Gallie scolas rexerit, Galterus de Castellione dictus est. Denique Guillermo Senonensi archiepiscopo cathedre Remensis dignitatem adepto idem Galterus apud eum notarii oratorisque fructus percipiens eiusque captans beniuolentiam, in honore illius gesta magni Alexandri eleganti stilo composuit, ea regula scilicet ut quot litteras hoc nomen Guillermus habet tot libros illud insigne uolumen optineret et eo ordine quo littere continentur eisdem litteris libri inciperent et sunt numero decem. Sed ut quod diximus elusceret, per principia librorum ostendamus: I'us Gesta ducis, II'us Victorem patrie, III'us Iam fragor, IIII'us Luridus et piceo, V'us Lege Nume regis, VI'us Ecce lues mundi, VII'us Restitit Hesperio, VIII'us Mennonis eterno, IX'us Vltima terribiles, X'us Sidereos uultus. Horum ergo principiorum si capitales litteras coniunxeris, hoc nomen Guillermus habebis. (Walter was born in the district of Lille, in the village of Roncinium. He achieved such distinction in literature that someone praised his great knowledge with admirable brevity in the following words: Divine grace bestowed on Walter All the talent of the pagan poets. 4 Because he was in charge of the school at Châtillon, a town in France, he was called Walter of Châtillon. Eventually, when William, archbishop of Sens, was appointed to the archbishopric of Reims, Walter was employed by him as notary and orator and, winning his way into the archbishop's good graces, composed The Deeds of Alexander the Great in elegant Latin in his honour. He so arranged it that his distinguished work comprised as many books as there are letters in the name Guillermus (William) and that the books begin with the letters of his name and in the same order. There are ten books in all. To clarify what I have said, let me show you the beginnings of each book: (1) Gesta ducis (2) Victorem patrie (3) Iam fragor (4) Luridus et piceo (5) Lege Nume Regis (6) Ecce lues mundi (7) Restitit Hesperio (8) Memnonis eterno (9) Ultima terribles (10) Sidereos uultus. If you join together the initial letters of these opening words, you get the name Guillermus.) v Vita 2 (Paris, BnF lat. 8359, fo. 75 , s. xiii) Actor iste siquidem de territorio Insulano extitit oriundus, Parisius autem studuit sub magistro Stephano Beluacensi. Deinde venit Castellionem ut superius habitum est. Quod ipse testatur: Page 2 of 13 DOI of this work: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199297399.div1.2 https://www.oxfordscholarlyeditions.com/view/10.1093/actrade/9780199297399.book.1/actrade-9780199297399-div1-2 PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARLY EDITIONS ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarlyeditions.com). (c) Oxford University Press, 2019. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the agreement, an individual user may print out single copies of portions of Oxford Scholarly Editions Online for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). Subscriber: New York University; date: 06 June 2020 ................................................................................................................ pg xiii Insula me genuit, rapuit Castellio nomen, perstrepuit modulis Gallia tota meis. Hoc dicit quia apud Castellionem quedam ludicra composuit. Sed ipse postea, multum laboris et parum utilitatis in artibus liberalibus animaduertens, Boloniam se transtulit et ibi leges et decreta didicit. Reuersus ergo in familiaritate archiepiscopi Remensis receptus est, et gratiam eius in omnibus adeptus, prece ipsius hoc opus incepit eodem anno quo beatus Thomas martyr sanguinis sui testimonium pre〈h〈ibuit. Atque archipresulis precibus post hec Anbienensis ecclesie canonicus effectus est. Flagello lepre castigatus ibidem uitam terminauit. (Though he was born in the region around Lille, the author studied in Paris under Master Stephen of Beauvais. Then he came to Châtillon as has been 5 stated above. He testifies to this himself: Lille bore me, Châtillon took away my name, All of France resounded with my songs. He says this because he composed some short poems at Châtillon. Later, noticing that the liberal arts involved much labour and were of little practical use, he moved to Bologna and there learned civil and canon law. Accordingly, on his return he was admitted into the household of the archbishop of Reims and after gaining his favour in all things and in 6 response to the archbishop's request, he started on this work in the year in which blessed Thomas the martyr bore witness by shedding his blood. After this he was made, at the archbishop's request, a canon of Amiens. It was there that he died, afflicted by the scourge of leprosy.) Vita 3 (Laon, Bibliothèque municipale 401, p. 6, s. xiii) Galterus nomen est actoris. De uita actoris breuiter transeamus. Insulanus iste fuit ut ait antequam istud opus perfecisset, 〈cum〈 mori timuisset: Insula me genuit, rapuit Castellio nomen perstrepuit modulis Gallia tota meis. Gesta ducis Macedum scripsi, sed sincopa fati Infectum clausit obice mortis opus. Parisius et Remis sub magistro Stephano Beluacensi canonico studuit. Lau〈du〈ni scolas rexit. Deinde Castellionem se transtulit. Tandem multum Page 3 of 13 DOI of this work: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199297399.div1.2 https://www.oxfordscholarlyeditions.com/view/10.1093/actrade/9780199297399.book.1/actrade-9780199297399-div1-2 PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARLY EDITIONS ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarlyeditions.com). (c) Oxford University Press, 2019. All Rights Reserved. Under the terms of the agreement, an individual user may print out single copies of portions of Oxford Scholarly Editions Online for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). Subscriber: New York University; date: 06 June 2020 laboris et parum utili〈tatis in artibus liberalibus〈 uidens Boloniam se transtulit. R〈e〈u〈e〈rsus igitur familiaritatem Remensis archipresulis adeptus est, cuius rogatu hoc opus incepit eodem anno quo beatus Thomas martyr sui ..................................................................................................... pg xiv sanguinis testimonium prehibuit, atque arciepiscopi Remensis interuentu Beluacensis ecclesie canonicus 〈factus est〈. Ibi flagella lebre uitam terminauit. (The author's name is Walter. Let us briefly go over the author's life. He was from Lille, as he says when he felt the fear of death before he had finished 7 this work: Lille bore me, Châtillon took away my name, All of France resounded with my songs. I wrote Gesta ducis Macedum—but Fate cut things short, Ending the work unfinished by causing death to intervene. He studied in Paris and Reims under Master Stephen, canon of Beauvais. He was in charge of the school at Laon. Then he moved to Châtillon. Finally seeing that 〈the liberal arts involved〈 much work and were of little practical use, he moved to Bologna. When he returned he was admitted to the household of the archbishop of Reims, at whose request he began this work in the year in which blessed Thomas the martyr bore witness by the shedding of his blood. Thanks to the intervention of the archbishop of Reims he was made a canon of Beauvais. He died there from the scourge of leprosy.) It will be seen that Vitae 2 and 3 are closely related. Both derive from the same tradition and appear to omit different segments of that tradition.
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