-~- - ,. . . -, -.:.. - -.. ~ EDITOR'S TABLE OF CONTINTS COLUMN

olitical columnist Mark Shields EDITOR'S COLUMN ...... 2 wrote recentl y that the current P presidential election " is being hekl PROFILES AND PERSPECTIVES: when the public mood is one of ambiva­ COIfPet'SGliolts with Cong"ssioMl RepublkGIIS . . • . • • . • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • .• 3 lence. Voters seem to seek a change in the speed of govemment rather than a dramatic ECDNOMICS AND THE 1988 RACE: change in its direction. A liberal Republi­ Steven B. Klinsky ••• • •• • • • •••••••• ••• ••••••• •••• •• • • • ••• • •••••••• 7 call-with traditional emphasis on individ­ ual rights and fi scal restrainl-<:ould be the EDITORIALS: Sk~ '88, Bunkn.sluuin, and the Enrironmelll ...... 8 ideal candidate for just such a time." We, of course, couldn 't agree more. TEAM GOP ••••••••••••••• . ••••• . ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••12 And in this issue of the Forum . we provide sugges tions for George Bush on how he AU Hal No could promote an agenda of rights and DUKAKIS: and ctlltler William P. McKenzie. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • •• IS restraint. Editorial board member Steven Klinsky, in an anicle based on a memo he presented to the vice president's office in REPUBLICAN APPROACHES 10 CHILD CARE: June. claims that George Bush should con­ Kathryn S. Ceja •.• ...... • . .• ...... •..•..• 16 tinue to stresS the economy's improvement over the last eight years. But the vice presi­ THE HERITAGE OF PROGRESSIVE REPUBLICAN VALUES: dent should also address the budget deficit Mart E. Uncapher ••••••••• . •••••.••••••..••••.••••••••••••••••. 18 by urging our western allies to assume greater responsibility for international de· THE CHAIRMAN'S CORNER: fense and by adopting a plan for monetary A."",riauI Vatus!. tIN 21s1 Ce""",: stability. Jim Leach • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20 Ripon president Mark Uncapher pre· sents an outline of progressive Republican WINNING CALIFORNIA: principles, and echoes what Shields says: Roman Buhler. • • • • . • . • . . . • . • . . . • . • • • • . . • . • . . . . • . • . . . • • . . . • • • • •• 22 support for civil rights are essential to pro­ gressive Republican values. Ripon Society 6 LlBRARV COURT ...... • ...... • . .. .. • ...... 23 chairman Jim Leach argues that the pro­ cess of government is our most important WASHINGTON NOTES AND QUOTES ...... 24 product and that process is essential to protecting individual rights. As Justice Fe­ lix Frankfurter once wrote: "The history of liberty has largely been the protection of basic procedural safeguards." And Cap­ itol Hill legislative assistant Kathryn Ceja discusses Republican approaches to child care, an issue that will be central in this election. We also include the opinions of three RIPON/orum congressional Republicans-Lynn Mar­ tin, Sherwood Boehlert and Arlen Spec­ f:diIor. William P. McKenzio: auti"" ailici$m and m.-auon in die Visa lind ocher ¥OIuntecn. Ovnstu. II.U«ilIu EtJW,: DUe E. Cllnis RCpllblkan Party. Manuscripts and add 56. Please allow fi"" wceb fur ter---on the essentials of the November 1I.sm-Uiuw: Bury S. Edwards photopaphs an: lOIicitaI. but do not addn:so cbangco. ~ die views oldie Society WI­ election. And this Forum suggests a Cabi­ EIIitorilIl B"""': The Ripon Society IDe .. Mart. E. Un· Tmmc:e M. O'Sullivan Itu 100 stilted. ap/Ief. poesidenl. is • Rcpo.ablian n:­ net that, if George Bush wins in November, Alfred W. Tar.. .su: ...... B. Kliru.ky Conttnll ate copyri&hted 1988 by die IIQfCh and policy orpniulion whose could ensure a government of rights and Gem E. ~r Ga.il L. Sloc1lm Ripon Society. Inc: .• 6 UInry Coon . IDOmiIen an: business. a.:acIemic:. and Ih';',. CMS"Juw: R. I. Mmon restraint. Not all members of this Cabinet S.E.. Wuhinaton. D.C. 2(0)3. profcssional mtn and women. It is 11.11 Dir«uw: RDbcy G idelli ..... 11 S~bscription notn: S2~ per ),:&r. $17 .SO - Bill McKenzie rtscllJChcd propoWs. lind a spirit of for It\Idenl$. scno icemcn. ""ace Corps.

2 RlPQI FORfJM. AUGUST 1988 PROFILES AND PERSPECTIVES Conversations with CONGRESSIONAL REPUBLICANS

In this edition of " Profiles and Per­ Martin: Like every other election, this is his tax policy? He says he would en­ spectives" three different political leaders year's campaign will be about change. force tax collection. Well , are we all going are queried about the fall election, the You mentioned Vietnam, Watergate and to become IRS agents? direction of the Republican Party and the the economy. People wanted things better importance oj such issues as the environ­ then and they want them better now. To­ Ripon Forum: George Bush consistently ment and minority concerns. Congresswo­ day's situation is odd, however. We have receives low marks from women voters, man Lynn Martin a/l/linois is the national peace and prosperity. So George Bush is trailing by as much as 25 percent among co-chair of George Bush's presidential going to have to talk about how we grow. women volers. Why is this, and what can campaign; Representative Sherwood That's different than in 1980, when be done to correct it? Boehlert is a leading member of the '92 Republicans could say let's get rid of Group, an organization a/House Republi­ Jimmy Carter. Now, we have to concen­ cans whose aim is to produce a GOP ma­ trate on the future: What about children jority by /992; and SelUltor Arlen Specter and the care they will need? What about ofPennsylvania is an important member of training people for new jobs? And what the Se/Ulte Judiciary Committee and an should be America's role in the world dur­ "George Bush combines outspoken advocate of individual rights. ing the beginning of the next century? That fact was underscored by his opposi· compassion and common tion fast year to U.S. Supreme Court nomi­ Ripon Forum: So far, George Bush sense. Unfortunately, the nee Robert Bork. doesn' t seem to have talked a lot about the These three congressional Republi­ future. With the exception of his child vice presidency is oot the cans- interviewed by Ripon Forum editors care plan, his comments about environ­ Bill McKenzie and Barry Edwards-agree mental preservation and his desire to be best place to display these that the November presidential election the education president, he has spent qualities. " will be close. But they also concur that the much of his time criticizing Michael Du­ Bush campaign must emphasize its vision kakis. of the future. And that vision must center around the notion ofpeace and prosperity. Martin: Criticizing Dukakis is appropri­ As Congresswoman Martin says: " Will ate because the governor comes across as the next decade be better for you and your a centrist, which he is not. During the Martin: The campaign is now making ev­ children under George Bush or Michael campaign, he could position himself ery effort to correct thai. Part of the prob­ Duknkis?" against the extreme views of Jesse Jack· lem is that women make their minds up son. What George Bush must do now is later about their choice for president. help define Michael Dukakis: Is he reo They don't wanl to make an emotional de­ sponsible for the" Massachusetts mira­ cision. Instead, they prefer to think more Ripon Forum: There cle?" Is he competent to run the country? about it . Another problem is that while seems to be no over­ What is his record on enforcing drug women now make 70f;, on the dollar, riding issue in this laws? which is better than the 59f;, on the dollar year's presidential Those kinds of questions should have they earned at the beginning of this de­ election, such as Viet­ been asked during the primaries. but they cade, women are more leery about the fu­ nam was in 1968 , Wa­ weren' t because of Jesse Jackson. At ture. They are more economically tergate was in 1976 some point, Michael Dukakis is going to vulnerable than men. The third problem is and the economy was have to put forth his vision of the future: related to language. The Bush campaign in 1980. In your esti­ What does he want to do on defense? uses a lot of football metaphors, and that Rep. Lynn mation what is this What sort of social programs would he is not the language women speak. The Martin election about? create? How would he pay for them? What campaign is going to have to adjust.

RlPCJY FORUM, AUGUST 1988 3 But I must add that women just don ' t K.ean speaks of the "politics of inclu­ Martin: I serve on the GOP Rules Com­ know George Bush yet. He is a strong and sion ." By that he means the GOP-as mittee, and by definition rules will always decent man, and the latter is an under­ well as the nation--can be comprised of be a problem. Someone will be discrimi­ valued word. I think he combines com­ diverse interests. What will the Republi­ nated against. The case can be made that passion and common sense. can Party resemble if George Bush is the Senate also discriminates against Unfortunately, the vice presidency is not elected president? larger states with greater populations. the best place to display those qualities. Martin: I hope that it does not resemble Ripon Forum: With the selection of Ripon Forum: But as you know, after be­ anyone thing. Instead, it should be a Lloyd Bentsen as his running mate, Mic­ coming Ronald Reagan's vice president changing, evolving group. The GOP hael Dukakis seems to be trying to George Bush changed his position on the should be seen as a satellite and not a broaden his base in the South, particularly Equal Rights Amendment and freedom of party revolving around a central sun . Texas. How does the Bush campaign react choice on ahlmion. A lot of voters were The GOP's core idea should be free­ to that move? not pleased with those changes. How is he dom. The strength of the U.S. is that all going to deal with that dissatisfaction? its people are so different, and that can be Martin: They don't. They should pick the true about the party. Your vision may not best person for vice president. And I must Martin: You can' t win by going from lit­ be my vision, bUI thai is okay. We don't add that I think we overdo the vice presi­ tle issue to little issue . You have to present all have to think alike. The country's elas­ dential choice. With all due respect to an overall policy, and that relates to peace ticity allows us to work out what we be­ George Bush and Geraldine Ferraro, the and prosperity. Will the next decade be lieve. The GOP should not be a blanket, last election was not about them. It was better for you and your children under but should remain open. Walter Mondale vs. Ronald Reagan. George Bush or Michael Dukakis? The Bush campaign can't change its I think the American public wants Ripon Forum: That's true, but a number message for each state. It has to offer its change, but not a return to the beginning of ethnic minorities claim the party's rules vision of a Bush presidency and what the of the 1980s. The question is , would Mic­ discriminate against them. The reason is beginning of the 21st century should look hael Dukakis be a return to that past? If the delegate allocation structure, which like. It is a singularly old-fashioned idea so, he will not become presiden!. proportionally favors smaller, non-indus­ 10 campaign differently state-to-state. I trial states. Most of those states do not think people in my state of Illinois vote Ripon Forum: New Jersey Governor Tom contain many minority voters. much the same as those in Tellas.

Ripon Forum: There As I read it, I stood up and applauded. It seems to be no over­ is refreshing to see Republicans assert riding issue in this leadership in this area. year's presidential The vice president also has been ejection. such as Viet­ ''I'm absolutely very specific and innovative in his ap­ nam was in 1968, Wa­ proach to child care. He has been out front tergate was in 1976 convinced that the battle early on these issues. In fact, the great and the economy was contrast now between the two candidates in 1980. In your esti­ ground is for the is that Dukakis is a generalist who claims Rep. Sherwood mation, what is this mm1erates in America." much credit for things he shouldn't and Boehlert year's election about? Bush is being specific on issues and say­ ing exactly what he thinks should be Boehlert: The heart and soul of the body done. He 's trying to continue our eco­ politic. I am absolutely convinced that the nomic success, while beginning to inno­ battle ground is for the moderates in vatively address issues that have not America. Whether they have an "R" or a ' Reagan administration secured the INF heretofore been properly addressed. " 0 " after their name, people are becom­ accords, NATO is strong and the alliance ing more active in the political process. is as durable as it has been in several Ripon Forum: You mentioned the vice And they tend to be the moderates. So it is ye"'" president's Seattle speech on the environ­ important that we have a candidate who Perhaps the moderate approach to ment. According to a March 30, 1987 appeals to them, and fortunately we do in problems is coming to the surface. George Time Magazine poll, 67% of Republicans George Bush. Bush is emphasizing education and the believe thai the government should spend If there is an overriding question , it environment, both of which are issues more on "environmental clean-up." If is about the continuation of success. The people seem to want to make a priority. elected president what should George economy is perking along well. and, if And 1 must say thai his recent Seattle Bush do first on the environment? And you put aside Central America, things are speech on the environment, which sur­ will the Republican Party stand behind also going well in our foreign policy. The prised a lot of people, was magnificent . him on the environment?

4 RlP(W FORUM, A.UGUST 1988 Boehlert: I think that the Republican Ripon Forum: Do you find that people proach the Republican Party wants. Party, at least as it has been represented in are now more skeptica1 of the New Congress, is disappointed with the Re­ Right's socia1 agenda, such as opposition agan administration's non-perfonnance to an Equal Rights Amendment and sup­ Ripon Forum: I understand your senti­ on environmental issues. So we welcome port for prayer in schools? ment about the GOP becoming a majority George Bush's declaration that he is party and the possibilities of a Bush going to be an environmental president. Boehlert: They are not only skeptical, but agenda. But currently the vice president Frank1y, I think we wiD be very suppor­ they don't support it. The New Right is trails Michael Dukakis in the polls, and in tive of his proposals. inconsistent. It wants the government some cases he trails badly. But I think his number one priority deeply involved in their socia1 areas, but on the environment should be to set the not in other ways. When you get right tone. That is what he did in his Seattle down to it, some of us moderates are Boehlert: At this time in 1948 Thomas speech, when he talked about toxic more conservative in our thinking than Dewey was 30 points ahead of Harry Tru­ wastes, acid rain and marketing cleaner they are. I am a "pro-choice" person on man and was already picking his Cabinet. fuels. He should a1so have someone in the abortion, but I think I can make a very Environmental Protection Agency who persuasive argument that the conservative Ripon Forum: So if the vice president has credentia1s in the business and who position on the issue means no involve­ continues to campaign as he has, will he will be committed to carrying out his pro­ ment of the federa1 govemment. emerge victorious? Or will he have to do grams. And that person must be able to something that will appeal to so-called articulate his goals, and give the march­ Ripon Forum: So should George Bush blue-collar swing voters? ing orders to the people who will be work­ prevent the right wing's attempt to put ing with Congress. They must provide the their socia1 agenda into the forefront of sense that we should get moving. Republican politics? Boehlert: I am one who thinks he has a game plan and is following it. I also think Ripon Forum: You have watched the Boehlert: More than anything, I want the it is working. Anyone who is a student of GOP develop since 1964, as the Goldwa­ GOP to be a majority party. And that this business should not be surprised that ter movement culminated in the Reagan doesn' t mean sacrificing principle. right after the Democratic convention, administration. How do you think the George Bush a1so wants a majority party Michael Dukakis, their nominee, will more radica1 elements in the party would and he will lead one ifit is all inclusive. look like a giant. What did you read about adjust to a more moderate leadership un­ Although I don' t agree with many of George Bush during that same period? der George Bush? the positions taken by the New Right, I He's meeting in a strategy session with his welcome them to the party and think it is staff in Kennebunkpon. That's not news. Boehlert: I think they will welcome it. constructive when they advance issues for So of course Dukakis is going to be The New Right represents a smail, dedi­ a public dialogue. And then, when all is ahead. But now that we are going to New cated wing of the party. But by no means said and done, people should be free to Orleans, and are going to have a good are they representative of the majority of disagree. That is the approach a majority convention and a spirited convention, Republicans in America today. party should take and I think it is the ap- things will change.

Ripon Forum: There Simply, the most important issues are seems to be no over­ peace and prosperity and Reagan has riding issue in this achieved both. year's presidential election, such as Viet­ "Bush first needs to Ripon Forum: Many people see the Re­ nam was in 1968, Wa­ publican Party as unsympathetic toward tergate was in 1976 establish his own identity the state of black Americans. What do and the economy was and his own positive you think the GOP should do to emphas­ in 1980. In your esti­ ize its being the party of civil rights? Sen. Arlen mation, what is this approach to the problems Specter: Well, we just had a major contri­ Specter year's election about? confronting our country. ' , bution to the Fair Housing Act, which Senator Kennedy and I put through the Specter: That the major issues are peace Senate. It was really a bipartisan effort. and prosperity. The Reagan administra­ And remember, George Bush was suppor­ tion has achieved international progress in tive of fair housing legislation during the displaying American strength around the 1960s when he was a Houston congress­ world and was successful with the INF ac­ gola, Afghanistan, as well as in Iran and man. His emphasis on being the education cords. It a1so has made progress in An- lraq. And the economy is prosperous. president will also appea1 to black voters.

Rlf'aY FORUM. AUGUST /988 j Ripon Forum: A March 30, 1987 Time ing Dukakis but conveying a picture of Magazine poll reveals that 55% of Repub­ George as a solid citizen who's ready to licans polled believe that if the govern­ be president. ... " As someone who has ment had a "choice between spending been behind in polls himself, do you more money on the military or spending "Remember, George agree with Deardourffs assessment, or more money on social programs," they do you think that George Bush should would choose social programs. Only 35% Bush was supportive of take the opposite approach and throw a would choose to spend more on the mili­ fair housing legislation few punches? tary. What does this indicate about what George Bush should do? How should he during the J960s when he Specler : II requires a two-fold approach. respond to those numbers? First, Bush needs to establish his own was a Houston identity and establish his own positive ap­ Specler : The military was in a state of proach to the problems confronting our disrepair after Carter and we needed to congressman. " country. But secondly, it is appropriale to project American strength. But George discuss the Dukakis record. For example, Bush has already stated his concern for Bush should discuss the Massachusetts such major social issues as education, prison furlough system, the state's deficit housing and job training in addition to the and the deplorable condition of Boston environment. Bay. The American people do not yet know enough about either candidate, so I Ri pon Forum: Republican Consultant York Times article that what the Bush think that il is appropriate to attack Du- John Deardourff stated in a recent New campaign "ought to be doing is not bash- kakis. •

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Written by Members o/Congress, Ambassadors, Cabinet Members and others.

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6 RJPON FORUM. AUGUST 1988 n.....sidential Campaign The ush rn" To: B Steven 8. Klinksy-Ripon society From: Economics and the 1988 Race Re,

Vice President Bush should win the still the key question and the economy Reagan-Bush success for the nation as a presidency in 1988 based on the successful is stronger than ever. whole. performance of the Reagan-Bush adminis­ In 1980, inflation was 13%. Today, it is tration over the last eight years. A winning under5%. ln 1980, unemployment was 4) The Budget Deficit: Caused by the campaign and economic platform might 7%. Today, it is 5.3%. In 1980, the Democrat's Defense Shortfalls and best emphasize the following points: bank prime rate was over 15%. Today, it the Democrat's High Interest Rates is 9%. Private investment totalled $7 16 and Inflation 1) A Central Campaign Theme: "haee billion in 1987 compared to $437 bil­ and Prosperity" The Republicans had to quickly rebuild lion in 1980. Industry capacity utiliza­ the nation 's defense strength and had no The Reagan-Bush administration has tion levels are ahead of the 1980 per­ time to arrange equitable allied burden perfonned extraordinarily well on the formance, and today's economy is sharing before undertaking this task. most important issues: achieving eight superior to the Democratic economy on years of peace and overseeing the long­ every meaningful current measure. At the same time, the Democratic bud­ est peacetime economic expansion in get balancing process had become de­ U.S. history. Under the Democrats, the 3) Dukanomics: The Flea on the Back of pendent on high inflation. The inflation Soviets marched into Afghanistan. Un­ the Horse produced higher nominal tax revenues der the Republicans. they are marching and " bracket creep." The rapid end of The Dukakis " Massachusetts Miracle" out. Under the Democrats. the " misery inflation in the early Reagan years elim­ is a demonstrable fraud. The Massa­ index" climbed to 20%. Under the Re­ inated these revenues. At the same chusetts unemployment rate did im­ publicans, il fell to 10% and continues time, however, the memories of recent prove 3.9% relative to the nation be­ to fall. The campaign must shift the inflation kept the real interest rates on tween 1975 and 1988. However, 3. 1% nation 's focus back to these core mat­ the national debt extremely high. Any of that improvement came during the ters, and away from the colorful but effon to raise taxes to balance out these administration of Dukakis' opponent, damaging side issues. lost revenues would have wrecked the Governor Ed King. The remaining im­ nation 's economic recovery. provement was due to the state's slow 2) A Republica n Economic Theme: population growth and the scrength of The Reagan-Bush administration has "The American Miracle" the state's technology industries, both not been spendthrift. Between 1978 and Michael Dukakis talks frequently about factors outside of Dukakis' control. the record deficit year of 1986 , the the "Masssachusetts Miracle." The Harvard economist Lawrence B. Lin­ share of GNP spent on general non­ vice president can talk about something dsey, building on an earlier study by defense programs declined by 1.8%. much more important and much more Harvard's Ferguson and Ladd, has esti­ Despite the 198 1 tax culs and recent tax real: "The American Miracle." Four mated that Dukakis' policies actually reform , total federal budget receipts years ago, the Reagan-Bush ticket won cost the state 77 ,000 jobs. (See Law­ equalled 19.4% of GNP in 1987 com­ a landslide re-election by asking the rence B. Lindsey, "Who Managed the pared to 19.4% in 1980 and 19.5% in voters if Americans were better off than Massachusetts Miracle?", Wall Street 1970. under the Democrats in 1980. This is Journal. 4-5-88). In short, the deficit is not a result of Republican mismanagement. Rather, it Steven B. Kfinsky isa member ofthe Ripon Massachusetts is only one small part of is one final symptom of the Carter eco­ Forum editorial board and a merchant the entire nation. The Dukakis "suc­ nomic and defense debacle . The na- banker in New York. cess" is merely an outgrowth of the Conrinued on page 10

RIPON FORUM. AUGUST 1988 7 EDITORIALS

SLEAZE '88 BURDEN-SHARING

hen historians remember Re­ agan's second tcrm, will he concept of "burden-sharing," or W "sleaze" be near the top of "On the environmeru, T redistributing the costs of mutual de­ the listoffailures'? It's quite possible. Cer­ fense among the major democratic allies, tain1y it's fair to say the White House has George Bush Iuls charted is probably the most intellectually potent been burdened since 1985 with the cases of new groundfor the GOP issue in the 1988 campaign. Not that the North and Poindexter. Meese, Regan. rhetoric so far has been very deep; at this Deaver and Nofziger. Around Washington . and the ruUUm. " point, the argument tends to go that we're investigators are probing scandaJous Pen­ broke, the Europeans and Japanese are un­ tagon procurement practices and the grateful and we had better dam well make "sleazy" actions of House Speaker Jim them pay more for their defense. Clearly, Wright and other membel1i of Congress. there's much more to it than this. What's going on here? Are the na­ Politicians, writers and think tanks tion's leaders more careless or ill-advised forced a closer examination of ethics in have embraced burden-sharing but most or downright nasty? Does a new adminis­ government. There will be a long period (including us) are only beginning to th ink tration, Republican or Democratic, offer while we adjust, define gray areas and about the breadth of consequences this the promise of clearing the decks and re­ judge each case on its individual merits. idea holds. storing a public image of decency to the This is no excuse for those charged Think first about the response of our federal government? with improper deeds. More demanding allies. The Europeans have already borne There is no doubting the significance standards of conduct are a proper response the burden of two world wars, troops on of the issue . Americans' confidence in to Watergate and a more open society. Ev­ their soil and the fear of World War 1lI government, restored somewhat in Re­ ery allegation should be investigated and since 1945. European leaders are currently agan 's earlier years, is justifiably sinking prosecuted to the fullest extent. Personally, preoccupied with preparations for 1992 , again. It's safe to bet that given these sto­ we may be more forgiving with our friends only four years away, when the 12 nations ries and the relatively lackluster presiden­ and colleagues, but we will hold that in of the European common market (EC) plan tial candidates, we'll see continued apathy government it's better to err on the side of to drop internal barriers and develop what toward the amazing democratic system strict judgement, than to tolerate more cre- could become the world's largest eco­ this country offers. That's disturbing. ative uses of power. . nomic power. The Japanese are struggling "Sleaze" is nothing new in America, It's ironic, incidentally, that tougher with the need to extend their reach under or anywhere else for that matter; nor is the standards should coincide with the arrival an American-dic:tated Constitution which public's general disdain of politicians. The of the most lax president since Warren forbids full-scale rearmament, and Canada issue now is the quantity and quality of Harding. Much has been said of Ronald has begun to take a more independent de­ improper activity going on, and what feeds Reagan's "management style," but like fense posture within NATO. it. In this regard, think a moment about Harding or Grant before him, Reagan has The Europeans now collectively how much higher we have hoisted our stan­ repeatedly put a generous loyalty to his spend about 4% on defense, the Japanese dards. The kind of charges raised against friends above an impartial intolerance to­ barely 1%, while relying heavily on impor­ Michael Deaver (,'influence-peddling"), ward appearances of wrongdoing. That is ted oil to produce the tremendous quantity Gary Hart (philandering), or even Oliver true for his first term as well as the second. of consumer and industrial goods which North (in some quarters), were nOI viewed If Reagan were as intolerant of the faults of we buy. There may be a crying need for the as critically or with such drama in years his friends and staff as he is those of drug allies to pay more for American military past. For honesty's sake, no one should abusers and Sandinistas, there would be a protection of their regional and economic forget that in the grand sweep of things, it lot less discussion of the "sleaze factor" in interests (like the Persian Gulf), but the has been only a short time since Watergate this election year. status quo exists because the U.S. has dic-

8 RJP(Xo/ FORUM, NJOusr 1988 tated it thus, from the ashes of World War State-in-waiting) James Baker to manage II through the 1980's defense bu ildup and the evolution of the democratic alliance . trade dependence. An initiative to change Neither has addressed the broader is­ the status quo win require major changes sues of burden-sharing. But it seems cer­ in our economic and political assumptions tain that whichever man the vOlers choose , "More demanding about each other, and the rest of the world. we can count on an enli ve ning, challeng­ Many of these changes wo uld be trou­ ing debate in the months to come. standnrds q conduct are blesome. Requiring greater spending by a proper response to our allies would lead to grealer autonomy from the U.S., or at least more decentral­ A BREATH OF FRESH AIR Watergate and a more ized decision-making. Think carefully about the intemal disagreements wh ich open society. " arise, and the ever-changing political etween the Pacific Ocean and the scenes in more than a dozen nations. Pro­ B rainy Cascades, George Bush stood in tectionism and nationalism are still power­ Seattle on May 16 and told a business lun­ ful sentiments. An alliance still needs a cheon, "I don't think we've been doing leader, and Americans are not yet prepared enough to protect our environment in re­ to shed the leadership role. cent years . We need to do more." His cient public and private funds, and­ Burden-sharing may be an idea remarks were a breath of fresh air for most important of all---the necessary whose time has come, but a li ttle cold Americans weary of watching the GOP political will, we can achieve and water in the face would be useful as we apparently abandon protection of our natu­ maintain an environment that pro­ ral heritage. tects the public health and enhances That's an overstatement, of course, but the qualit y of life of us all. " from the Environmental Protection Bush's remarks even went we ll be­ Agency scandals of the early 1980's to yond "Mom and apple pie" rhetoric. For a Interior Secretary Hodel 's casual sugges­ Reagan-era Republican, it was remarkable tion that we deal with destruction of the to hear proposed solutions, both conven­ "The concept of 'burden­ ozone layer by wearing more hats and sun­ tional and innovative, where we are used to tan lotion, the Reagan administration has hearing justifications. sharing, ' " or leveled the GOP's image on environmental For example , on tOllie wastes, Bush redistributing the costs of protection. By contrast, Bush evoked the would insist on stricter enforcement and a eloquence of Teddy Roosevelt, saying streamlining of procedures to speed up the western defense, is " nothing short of defending this country in cleanup process. To combat smog and acid wartime 'compares with the great central rain , Bush warned " We can no longer af­ probably the most task of leaving this land even a better land ford to simply study the problem" and for our descendants than it is for us.'" instead wou ld seek a " national commit­ intellectually potent issue Bush outlined a broad vision. strong presi­ ment" to specific pollution-reduction in the 1988 campaign." denti al leadership and innovative eco­ goals. As a part of that effort. he wou ld nomic strategies to clean up or prevent push to create markets for cleaner fuels and pollution. technologies like natural gas, " clean coal" Apparently addressing an audience and com-based methanol. broader than the executives seated before Most significant, Bush charted new him , Bush pointed to the facts and put his ground for the GOP and the nation with priorities in the right place: two suggestions: making protection of the th ink it over. A New York Times editorial global environment a major foreign policy recently offered the wise opinion that the "Make no mistake about it. We priority, and launching a " Mi ssion to current presidential campaign could push have made very real headway in Planet Earth" to study our fragile Earth the debate beyond sloganeering and toward cleaning up our air and water. And we from space. The problems of ozone layer these broader questions. have done that at the same time that destruction, the "greenhouse" effect. pol­ What do the candidates say? Inex­ our population has grown and our lution of the oceans and poorly planned plicably, Michael Dukakis talks about economy expanded .... In this as in Third World development will soon dwarf beefing up (ellpensive) conventional forces so many areas of life , it has been not degradation in our own neighborhood, and in Europe. Dukakis calls for greater con­ only the government that has made demand solutions equally wide-ranging. sultation among the allies, but with no the difference, but the voluntary ef­ By pledging his intention 10 see this coun­ specific vision or experience to flesh out forts of pri vate organizations and ded­ try set another international standard of what he means to do. George Bush. on the icated individuals in every part of the hope, Vice President Bush has raised his other hand, has played a role in this admin­ country.... party and his nation to a higher course , and istralion's generally excellent NATO rela­ "The solutions are not always easy for that Ripon applauds him. • tions, and offers steady, experienced hands or cheap. . . . But given sound re­ like Treasury Secretary (and Secretary-of- search, innovative technology, suffi - - Dale Edward Curtis

RlPfX'J FORIJM. AUGUST J988 9 Continued from page 7

tional economic recovery should be savings, plus the outlined defense bur­ account surplus) would, again by statis­ seen as faJling in two phases. In the flTSt den-sharing arrangement with Japan, tical definition, reduce the offsetting phase, the Reagan-Bush administration would have more than eliminated even current account deficit. This trade defi­ rebuilt the nation's defense, ended in­ the record aggregate state, locaJ and cit figure is given fartoo much credence flation and restored economic growth. federal budget deficit of 1986. in any event. An estimated 20% of all In the coming second phase. George foreign trade is merely the result of Today's high interest rates are due to the Bush could resolve the budget deficit U.S. companies selling back and forth dollar's instability relative to reaJ goods that was inevitably a part of the initial between their domestic and foreign sub­ and relative to other currencies. The recovery. sidiaries. At the same time, sales made American government, as owner of the by U.S. companies offshore to offshore printing press, cannot default on its dol­ customers (such as the sales of com­ 5) Ending the Budget Deficit: Defense lar-denominated debts. However, it puters by IBM's Japanese subsidiary to Burden Sharing with Japan and can, and does, repay those debts with the Japanese) are entirely eltcJuded Lower Interest Rates Through a Sta­ dollars depreciated in vaJue as a result from the eltport figures because the ble Dollar of inflation and as a result of devalua­ tions relative to foreign currencies. goods do not physically cross an Amer­ The structural budget deficit today ican border. should be attacked through two long­ Lenders demand a premium interest term structural reforms. rate to compensate for this devaJuationl A capital surplus/current account defi­ inflation risk. If the high interest rate cit can be sociall y positive if the foreign First. Japan must be encouraged to re­ was merely a domestic question of a low funds and goods are applied toward do­ imburse the United States for a portion savings rate or tight Federal Reserve mestic growth. America ran exactly this of Japan's American-supplied military policy, then Americans could simply type of beneficent trade deficit during defense. The United States spends over borrow yen or Swiss francs at low rates its rapid expansion in the nineteenth 6.5% of its GNP on free world defense and convert the foreign borrowings into century and Japan ran such a deficit while Japan spends barely 1.0% (In usable U.S. dollars. Americans are dis­ from the end of World War Il until the fact, Japanese annually spend two to suaded from this course by their own 1980s. In any case, if American em­ three times as much to play the pinball­ fears of a falling dollar. ployment is high and its factories are game pachinko as they spend on de­ running at high levels, it is irrelevant fense. See New Times, Understanding this, it is clear that the York 3118188). whether those goods are sold domes­ This disparity is intolerable given Ja­ administration's initiatives to stabilize ticaJly or overseas. pan's strong economy and its current the dollar have been steps in the right status as the world's foremost creditor. direction and should be continued. In America's manufacturing sector is not While Japan should not rearm, it should the short term, spending growth should in decline, aJthough fewer workers are assume the economic costs of a leading be controlled and tax increases should needed as a result of automation and world power. An increase in Japanese be avoided. Even a moderate level of productivity improvement. Manufac­ military spending/reimbursements to economic growth can generate an esti­ turing accounted for 21 % of America's 4% of Japanese GNP would save the mated $70 billion of additional federal aggregate GNP in 1960 and accounted United States more than $60 billion an­ revenues each year without talt in­ for 22% in 1987. America's share of nually. In return, the U.S. should creases. total world ttade (including the sales of pledge strong world defense. a stable foreign subsidiaries of American com­ yen:dollar relationship and continued 6) Curing the Federal Budget Deficit panies) has held constant. Manufactur­ free trade. This global approach Will Cure America's Other Eco­ ing productivity from 1981-1987 has strengthens the western alliance and is nomic Challenges; America Is Not In grown at 4.0%, the most rapid peace­ the eltact opposite of Japan-bashing Decline time growth in history-a rate almost protectionism which tears the alliance four times as great as the 1.2% annual apart. Many of America's proclaimed eco­ increase fro m 1974 to 1980. The rate of nomic shortcomings are not shortcom­ productivity increase for the entire Second, the interest rate on America's ings at all , and those that are would be economy has also quadrupled in the long term government bonds-now cured as the federal budget deficit is same time frame (from 0.3% to 1.3%). over 9% annuaJly-should be brought cured. This trend is likely to continue, led by a back down toward the 5% level. This America's weak national savings per­ 21 % surge in business capital spending 5% level was achieved throughout formance is primarily a result of the during the first quaner of 1988. America's history, up to and including federal deficit which is, by statistical the twenty years following World War definition, a "dissaving." Curing the 7) The Key to Continuing Domestic 11 , and compares to a current 4.7% in­ deficit would raise national savings and Economic Prosperity is Foreign Af­ terest level in Japan and a 4.1 % interest reduce the need for the foreign borrow­ rairs; Governor Dukakis is Com­ rate in Switzerland. A 4% reduction in ings which have been used to offset the pletely Unprepared American interest rates on our $2.4 tril­ nationaJ savings shortfaJl. lion national debt would save the gov­ The keys to the budget deficit are the ernment an estimated $ 120 billion of A reduced inflow of foreign funding foreign affairs issues of defense burden­ interest costs annually by 1993. This (i .e., a. reduction in America's capital sharing and the coordination of allied

10 RlPON FORUM. AUGUST 1988 monecary policy and exchange rates. to evade this point. therefore, higher taxes. This high taxa­ These are foreign policy issues for tion is likely to trigger recession, which Governor Dukakis is a spend and spend which the vice president is exceedingly will reduce tax revenues and create a Democrat. His proposed 1989 state well prepared. A third avenue of budget spiraling need for even higher taxes and budget represents an 83% increase over deficit attack-controlling defense social spending. If the Federal Reserve the 1983 budget. His $2.3 billion Mas­ spending- is also a foreign policy is­ eases the money supply in search of a sachusens universal health care plan­ sue. recovery, a roadmap back to Demo­ only one of his social platform planks­ cratic stagflation can be easily foreseen. Governor Dukakis, in contrast to the would cost Americans an estimated $95 vice president, has no national or for­ billion if applied nationally. In sum, America's domestic eco­ eign policy experience. His apparent nomic challenges can most properly be tendency is toward economic micro­ At the same time. Dukakis adamantly traced to America's role as an international management: for example, working to demands a balanced federal budget (de­ power and the last Democratic administra­ locate a plant in one town rather than spite a pending $500 million deficit for tion's failure to fulfill that role . The U.S., another. This characteristic is useful or 1989 in his own stale). His preferred under the Reagan-Bush adminislration, neutra1 in his role as a diligent state budget balancing technique is improved spent heavil y on defense and ri ghtfully so. governor. However, it can be positively enforcement of the existing tax laws. The wisdom should be stressed emphat­ destructive in the office of world leader­ However, he readily admits the possi­ ically in the campaign, and America's high ship he seeks, as the performance of bility of tax increases if this technique employment. low inflation and general President Carter proved. does not work as planned. prosperity shOUld be equally stressed . The Since this tax collection ploy will al­ economic challenge for the next president 8) Governor Dukakis Will Raise Taxes most cenainly fail , the likely economic is to address the critical international issue Governor Dukakis' policies will inev­ outlook for a Dukakis administration is of defense budgeting, defense burden itably lead to substantial tax increases, clear: higher social spending coupled sharing and international monecary policy. and his campaign must not be allowed with balanced budget demands and, •

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RlPON FORUM. AUGUST /988 /I TEAMGOP

n the event that George Bush is elec­ vania and Harvard Law School, and a life­ ted president in November. we long Republican , Coleman has long been thought it prudent to suggest some active in civil rights work. In 1954 he I helped draft the brief for Brown v. Boord of Cabinet selections. Some of the nominees may fit in better elsewhere, and none of Education , and he once served as chair­ them volunteered for their assignment. But man of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. absent any skeletons we don't know about, Coleman also served as secretary of this list provides for a promising adminis­ transportation in the Ford Cabinet. He is a tration. fonner U.S. Supreme Court clerk and now a lawyer in Washington. D.C. His willing­ ness to tackle difficult issues was made Secretary of State: The obvious and most apparent when he joined Andrew Young mentioned nominee is Jim Baker, now sec­ and Barbara Jordan in opposing Robert retary of the treasury. Baker has also Bark's 1987 Supreme Court nomination. served as White Hou se chief-of-staff, knows Capitol Hill we ll and his Treasury PROS/CONS: Not too many cons here, stint has given him international experi­ although neither Thornburgh nor Coleman ence. His connection to Bush is legend: are held in esteern by movement conserva­ tennis buddies back in RiverOaks, Bush's tives. But who cares? Both are ably-quali­ campaign manager in 1980 and likely to Harrison Williams' Senate tenn in the fied candidates. become his campaign manager again this early '80s). Brady chaired the presidential year, if he hasn't already done so by the commission which recommended changes Secretary of Labor: Thomas Kean is time this is publi shed. A graduate of to avert another stock market crash and is qual ified to fill any governmental role, in­ Princeton and the University of Texas Law an orthodox conservative on fiscal and cluding chief executive. Often considered School, Baker practiced law in Houston for monetary matters. as a possible Republican presidential can­ nearly two decades. didate, or even George Bush's running­ PROS/CONS: The pros have already been mate, Kean is universally respected. He is PROS/CONS; Lawyers often don't make stated, and there are not any major cons; currently serving his second tenn as gover­ great geopolitical theorists. and geopoliti­ good nominee. nor of New Jersey (he won over 60 percent cal theory is what someone in an adminis­ of New Jersey's black and union vote in tration's foreign policy apparatus must Attorney General: If the Senate confirms 1985). Among his most successful pro­ provide. Yet nobody knows the essentials fonner Pennsylvania Governor Richard grams is the development of the TIanspor­ of putting together coalitions bener than Thornburgh as Edwin Meese's replace­ tation Trust Fund which actually encour­ Baker. His understanding of Bush's in­ ment at the Justice Department. then aged business and labor to cooperate. stincts, his knowledge of global players Thornburgh may be retained by George Kean explains that , " (Tlo me, the Trans­ and his negotiating prowess are key. Bush. He isa m~rateRepublica n, a well­ portation Trust Fund is government at its known governor and knows the Justice De­ best-a fiscally responsible program put­ Secretary ofthefuasury: Here again, an partment. In the Ford administration, ting people to work to create opportunity obvious and often mentioned choice: Thornburgh served as chief of the Justice for other people. " Business and labor are Nicholas Brady, managing director of the Department's criminal division and pur­ perpetually at odds, so perhaps Kean' s re­ investment finn , Dillon Reed. Like Baker, sued official corruption and organized spect and creativity could provide wel­ Brady is a close confidant of the vice presi­ crime. comed leadership. dent's. He is chainnan of the Bush cam­ If Richard Thornburgh isn't retained, paign, and has a taste for politics (a resi­ then let us suggest William T. Coleman, PROS/CONS: Kean may be overqualified dent of New Jersey, Brady served out Jr. A graduate of the University of Pennsyl- for the job, but he belongs in a Bush ad-

12 R/f>CNtI FORUM. AUGUST /988 mi nistration. This may be the most logical chainnan who once served as undersecre­ Secretary of Health and Human Serv­ place. From there, he could move on to tary for international trade in the Reagan ices: Our choice is Nancy Johnson, the other assignments. administration. He resigned in March 1988 Connecticut congresswoman who has been after losing a turf war with Commerce on the forefront of addressing such family Secretary of Agriculture: After serving Secretary Wi ll iam Verity, and is now issues as child care (see page 16) . Johnson as governor of Iowa for five tenns, Robert working full-time with the Bush cam­ has proposed a variety of bills to expand Ray is intimately familiar with the ins-and­ paign. Smart is experienced on interna­ child care and ensure its quality. Her plans outs of agriculture policies. He has also tional trade matters and well-connected in include such Republican ideas as giving earned a reputation for working well with the business community. incentives to employers who provide child Democratic legislatures, which would be a care or allow flexible work schedules. considerable asset if the GOP does not gain PROS/CONS : Mosbacher may be better Johnson knows the social services budget; control of either the House or Senate in suited to be a free-wheeling adviser to a she serves as the ranking Republican on the 1988 . His popularity in the Fann Belt may Health Task Force of the House Budget help Congress and the next administration Committee. try to sort out the federa1 government's role in agricultural subsidies. PROS/CONS : Johnson lacks administra­ tive experience, which fonner HHS Secre­ PROS/CONS: Ray is not a "fresh face," tary Margaret Heckler proved is necessary but he is a pragmatic moderate who will be in running a big agency. But Johnson is able to work well with Congress. conscientious, a quick study and would rapidly make up for her lack of experience. Secretary of Education: During his eight years as governor of Tennessee, Lamar Al­ Secretary of Defe nse. Frank Carlucci, the exander was most noted for two things: current secretary of defense, would make education refonn and attracting black sup­ an excellent member of the Bush team. He port. His Better Schools Program won him is a low-profile, hard-working administra­ much praise from everybody except tor. As a fonner deputy at both Defense teachers who opposed his support for ex­ and the CIA, he also knows foreign and amining them and for a master teacher plan military issues. Because of his unflinching which would reward exceptional teachers. integrity, he may be the best person to head Since education refonn is among every­ the Defense Department while it faces cor­ one's highest priorities, and inner-city ruption charges. schools are universally recognized as mis­ erable, Alexander's commitment toeduca­ Thomas Kean PROS/CONS: It's hard to think George tion and his appeal to blacks could make Bush wouldn't retain Carlucci, but if he him an ideal secretary. Bush White House. Sometimes indepen­ doesn't perhaps John Tower would be a dent businessmen don 't make good bu­ good Pentagon chief. The fonner Texas PROS/CONS: Alexander recently became reaucratic politicians, which is what a sec­ senator wou ld mesh well with George president of the University of Tennessee, retary must be. Smart has more political Bush's conservative instincts on defense so he may not want to leave that post. On experience, including crucial understand­ issues, and as fonner chairman of the Sen­ the other hand , he is politically savvy and ing of America's trade problems. ate Armed Services Committee he knows deserves national exposure for hi s accom­ the mi li tary industry. plishments. Director of the Environmental Protec­ tion Agency: Loret Miller Ruppe cur­ Secretary of Commerce: Two people are rently serves as the Reagan-appointed di­ Secretary of Housing a nd Urban Devel­ likely nominees. One is Robert Mos­ rector of the Peace Corps. Through this opment: Indianapolis' Republican Mayor bacher, Bush's longtime friend from the role, Ruppe has been active in coor­ William Hudnut has given his city new Texas oil patch. Mosbacher is finance dinating energy and conservation policies life. The cit y recently sponsored the Pan chainnan of the Bush presidential effort, a in developing nations. She recognizes that American Games and its new sports com­ post he also held in 1980. It stands to environmental concerns cannot be ad­ plex houses the Indianapolis Colts. The reason that if he wants a Cabinet post, he dressed unilaterall y, but must involve all football Colts have been surrounded by will get one. Commerce is particularly ap­ nations. A longtime Michigan GOP leader, controversy since their owner, Robert Ir­ propriate, since Mosbacher could vent his Ruppe attended Marymount College in say, betrayed the team's former city, Bal­ entrepreneurial instincts there. He heads Tarrytown, N.Y. and Marquette Univer­ timore. But that isn't Hudnut's fault , and Mosbacher Energy Group in Houston , and sity in Milwaukee. he has been active in attracting other such like many independent oil men , including investments to Indianapolis. Hudnut has Bush, he believes in encouraging entrepre­ PROS/CONS: Ruppe may need more do­ served as mayor for 13 years, and he should neurial activity. mestic environmental experience, but she be acutely aware of urban issues. The other likely person is Bruce has demonstrated leadership at the Peace Congressman Bill Green would also Smart, the former Continental Group Corps. make an excellent HUD secretary. He rep-

RlPON FORUM. AUGUST 1988 11 resents a sizable portion of Manhattan, one with the vice president when the latter was Director of the Office of Management of the most urban districts in America. ambassador to the United Nations in the and Budget: Richard Dannan served un­ Green also served from 1970-1977 as New early 1970s. der James Baker at the White House and York regional administrator for HUD, the Treasury Department, and he received which is one of the agencies most impor­ PROS/CONS: Kassebaum's temperament high remarks for both roles. Dannan was tam positions. He now is the ranking Re­ would be a welcomed relief at the U.N. effective in putting together Reagan ad­ pUblican on the House Appropriations after several years of bellicose Reagan rep­ ministration packages, and like Baker Subcommittee on HUD-Independent resentatives. Like Leach, she possesses an knows how to work Capitol Hill . He also Agencies. understanding of the institution's neces­ knows the budget, and after his Treasury sity. A Leach appointment, of course, appointment, where he served as deputy PROS/CONS: Hudnut may be too abrasive would be a symbolic move by George Bush secretary of the treasury, Dannan has more for a Cabinet post, but he also may want to to GOP moderates and liberals. than enough knowledge to serve as OMB move beyond mayor. Green may be too director. liberal for George Bush, but the vice presi­ dent couldn't find a more competent and PROS/CONS: Dannan would not be an intelligent member of Congress. ideologue like David Stockman, who headed the office until 1985. But presuma­ Secretary of the Interior: George Bush bly Bush would not want an ideologue, so Oannan 's knowledge of the budget and his says that he will place a Hispanic in his far-reaching mind would be real assets. Cabinet, and New Mexico Congressman Manuel Lujan might be the person. Lujan Director of the Central Intelligence is the ranking Republican on the House Interior Committee, and while he has been Agency: William Webster replaced Will­ known to be more pro-growth than some iam Casey al the CIA in 1987 when the environmentalists on the Committee, he is Agency was again heading toward disaster. not James Watt. Lujan is a longtime Re­ After considerable progress in the late 1970s, under such directors as George publican, a key member of Congress and would not be the ideologue Wall was at Bush, Casey returned the CIA to its super­ secret ways. He ran the Agency like it was Interior. the domain of white males not bound by the Constitution. Webster stepped in after PROS/CONS: Lujan was mentioned as a Casey'ssudden stroke in 1986 and restored replacement to James Watt and William the belief that people of integrity are in Clark at Interior, but did not get the job. charge. The Agency will never be an open book, but integrity in such a closed opera­ Ambassador to the United Nations: tion is important. There is no reason for Nancy Landon Kassebaum would make an Manuel Lujan George Bush to replace William Webster. excellent U.S. representative to the U.N. Like Tom Kean, the Kansas senator is PROS/CONS: As a fonner St. Louis judge qualified to hold a number of positions, and director of the FBI, Webster has the including vice president. But if she is not Secretary of Transportation: Patricia reputation of being squeaky clean. No chosen to run with Bush, Kassebaum has Goldman is not a household name, but her cons. the qualifications to serve at the U.N. She experience inside Washington and within is the ranking Republican of the Senate the transportation industry make her an Secretary or Energy: John Y. Brown is a Foreign Relations African Affairs Sub­ appropriate-to-ideal choice. Goldman is fanner Democratic governor of Kentucky, committee, and she played a significant now senior vice president at USAir. Before but George Bush would be smart to name a role in adjusting the administration's that, she served nine years on the National Democrat to his administration. Brown is South African policies. Kassebaum has a Transportation Safety Board, six of which tempting because Kentucky is a coal state. good understanding of black African coun­ were as vice-chairperson. Her record there With all George Bush's connections to the tries, and she has also been involved in was good, and she has further administra­ oi l industry, a non-oil energy secretary Central American issues. In 1982 , Ka­ tive and congressional experience as direc­ might be a shrewd move. Brown also has ssebaum led the American delegation tor of the House Wednesday Group. extensive business experience: he once monitoring El Salvador's elections. headed Kentucky Fried Chicken and Another nominee for U.N. Ambas­ PROS/CONS: Goldman may lack the pro­ owned the Boston Celtics. sador is our own Jim Leach. He is a senior file of other nominees, but not many peo­ member of the House Foreign Affairs ple outside Washington knew Elizabeth PROS/CONS: John Brown has a flashy Committee, an active proponent of arms Dole before her Reagan administration ap­ reputation and may not be a team player. control and a fonner Foreign Service Offi­ pointments. Goldman is ably qualified, On the other hand, he and wife Phyllis cer. Leach has been a strong supporter of knows transportation issues we ll and George may need a new role. This could be George Bush since 1980, and he worked would make a good Cabinet selection. it. •

J4 RlP(XII FORUM. AUGUST 1988 DUKAKIS: ALL HAT AND NO CATTLE?

BY WlLLlAM P. McKENZIE

he hallways of the State House in the Pentagon's budget has been spent on Boston , Massachusetts are lined research and development. Nearly 40 per· T with statues and names that re­ cent of that annual figure has gone to Mas­ mind one of the state's Yankee heritage: "In Te.ms, there is a sachusetts·based entities. MIT and its Lin­ Groton. Adams, Gerry, Webster and Salt­ coln labs, the Mitre Corp. and Draper Labs oostall, among others. Yet today, the state question for people, such each have received $330 million a year. is governed by a descendant of Greek im­ According to Mr. Dimancescu, the migrants-Michael Dukakis-whose am­ as Michoel Dukakis: Is he roots of the "Massachusetts miracle" can bition it is to become the 4 1st president of be traced to the days following World War 1W the United States. all hat and cattle? Do II. when Georges Doriot, a Boston busi­ Many weary voters know by now that his actions match his nessman, put together the nation's fi rst Governor Dukakis' claim !O that office venture capital finn--American Research rests primarily on what he terms the "Mas­ words?" and Development. One of Mr. Doriot's sachusetts miracle." In short , the " mira­ first projects was the financing of Digital cle" is the economic restoration that has Equipment Corp., which Mr. Dimancescu swept Massachusetts over the middle part says was a crucial factor in the develop· of this decade. sachusetts-based consulting firm, Technol­ ment of the Massachusetts economy. The The statistics about that growth are ogy and Strategy Group, echoed these reason is that Digital laid the foundation indeed impressive. Massachusetts' unem­ comments in the Dec. 13, 1987, issue of for the technological exploration that later ployment rate is now less than 3 percent, Mass High Tech. According to Mr. Diman· came to characterize Massachusetts. and 300,000 jobs have been created since cescu: "If one reads the PR, the Massa· Michael Dukakis certainly did not 1984. Dukakis also claims that he has kept chusetlS high-tech 'miracle' is still for sale have anything to do with such projects, taxes and spending in line. as a presidential campaign promise .... Mr. Dimancescu says. And even if the But many analysts now are taking ex· This should give us some pause-if only to governor tried to c1ai.m such events had ception with the governor's claim that his keep the governor from the self-delusion nothing to do with the "Massachusetts second administration, from 1982 to 1986, that he's really found a solution he can take miracle," why has he been so slow in was responsible for the "miracle." The to Washington. " shaping modem events? Why has the state New Republic writes that the rejuvenation During a recent interview, Mr. Di­ actually lost 74,000 manufacturing jobs is a regional phenomenon, not a specific, mancescu elaborated upon those com­ since mid-1984? And why has job growth local phenomenon. And the Wall Street ments and said that if there is a miracle, it in Massachusetts since 1984 been 30 per· Journal recently dubbed Governor Du· is that "New England's economy has un­ cent below the national average? kakis "Governor lsuzu," the term coming dergone an industrial era restructuring: According to Mr. Dimancescu, Gov­ from the ad character Joe Isuzu, who tells from primary reliance upon shoes and tex· ernor Dukakis has not been creative in tales in order to sell Isuzu pickup trucks. tiles to knowledge ... providing leadership for technological The similarity is not absolute, the The MassachusetlS economy is now growth. Take fonner North Caroli na Gov­ Journal says, but "Michael Dukakis is try­ largely based on the technical ability pro­ ernor James Hunt, who Mr. Dimancescu ing to sell America an economic success vided by such research facilities as MIT, says shaped his state's future by deciding story in which he had no role. The Draper Labs and the Mitre Corp. Each has 10 establish the Research Triangle in state's eeonomic boom of the mid-1980s been essential in bringing computer·re­ Raleigh-Durham with partial public funds. can be traced largely to two factors: tax lated firms to the state, as well as securing This was the "single event" that turned cuts and federal defense spending ... large defense contracts. around North Carolina'seconomy, Mr. Di­ Dan Dimancescu, a partner in a Mas· mancescu says. In Massachusetts, however, Dukakis William P. McKenzie is edilorojlhe Ripon uring each year of the Reagan admin· has only lately awakened to technological Forum. D istration, for example, $2.5 billion of Continued on page 22

RJf'CXII FORUM. AUGUST 1988 /5 REPUBLICAN APPROACHES TO CHILD CARE

BY KM'HRYN S. CEJA

he absence of affordable, access­ Affordability ible child care concerns Republi­ One of the most frequently cited T cans. In fact, a strong, aggressive bases for child care reform has been the position on child care can be a plank in the "Responsible financing misallocation of limited federal resources. GOP platform, drawing on congressional Current federal child care policy does not Republican work that builds on the party's must be a part of any address the needs of the income group that record as champion of the American fam­ needs help most---the working poor. il y. new program, if it is to Two-thirds of working women are ei­ According to the Bureau of Labor ther single heads-of-household or have Slatistics, half of all mothers with childre n pass the Congress and husbands whose annual income is less than less than a year old work and almost 70 provide real assistance." $20,000. Low-income parents consis­ percent of mothers are working once their tently report that the lack of affordable children reach school age. The number of child care is the single greatest barrier to working mothers, married and otherwise, becoming and slaying employed. Single has more than tripled si nce the 1950s, mothers on welfare say the absence of along with the cost of housing, clothing first ; that child care must be expanded to child care is one of the major barriers to and food . meet the growing demand; and that gov­ financial independence. The Secretary of Labor's Task Force ernment should promote quality services But direct child care assistance to on Child Care also says thai women wi ll both to assure the well-being of children these families through the two major pro­ comprise over three-fifths of new entrants and to give parents a real choice about who grams---the DependeOl Care Tax Credit of into the labor force between 1986 and the cares for their chi ldren while they are Title XX or the Social Services Block year 2000. In addition, women are over­ working, Grant-is practically nonexistent. whelmingly employed in service indus­ Republican members of Congress Wh ile Title XX monies serve the tries, which the Labor Department projects have added a famil y dimension 10 this de­ poor, in most Slates they do not provide will sustain all of our economic growth bate. They argue thai it is not sufficient direct assistance to families but instead during this same period. Child care will merely to shore up the child care market fund slots in government-designated cen­ not only free parents to work and stay and make good services more widely avail­ ters. Waiting lists for subsidized child care abreast of an increasingly high cost of li v­ able to parents. Instead, they are also pro­ are as long as two years in some urban ing, but will enable employers to actively posing bills that would allow parents­ areas. In many rural areas, parents may recruil and encourage women to remain in mothers and fathers-to reduce their child have no access to assisted services. the workforce to fuel a growing economy. care needs. Their position is thai govern­ In contrast to Title XX, the Depen­ Seen in that light, child care is good for the ment policy should recognize that, in most dent Care Tax Credit provides a subsidy economv. cases, the best environments for children directl y to families. Working parents are During the course of the IOOth Con­ are in a parent's care. able to choose their provider regardless of gress, more than IOOchiid care related bills Two of these Republicans, Represen­ whether she is home-based or center­ have been introduced, and most have fo­ lalive Nancy Johnson of Connecticut, a based, and whether the care is housed in a cused on the issues of afford abilil y, avail­ moderate , and Senator Orrin Hatch of government-sponsored, non-profit or pri­ ability and quality. Legislators of diverse Utah, a conservative, have developed pro­ vate faci lity. But the credit does not really philosophies have been active in the child posals that address all four issues but at a help the working poor. care debate, and have generally agreed on cost that is sensitive to the federal deficit. Though the credit is currently in­ these core items: that government 's prior­ These two legislators argue that respons­ dexed on a sliding scale favoring low-in­ ity should be to help low-income fam ilies ible financing must be a part of any new come families, the amount of money a program, if it is to pass the Congress and family receives is determined by its lax provide real assistance in the coming bill. This means that while a low-income years. fami ly can offset some work-related child " RIPON FORUM, AUGUST 1988 care expenses' through the tax credit, it care, center-based care, sick-child often necessary to gain licensure. does not receive the help as it is needed care, employer-sponsored care--even pro­ Finally, family-based providers, during the year. More importantly, since grams that provide services for homeless which provide most of the country's out­ low-income families pay little if any taxes, children and links to the elderly. of-home care, are subject to stringent and the tax savings are almost meaningless. Providing subsidies and expanding complicated tax requirements, deterring Representative Johnson advocates a services is not enough. The high price and them from paying taxes and thus becoming strategy that would offer low-income fami­ often complete dearth of liability insur­ licensed. The bill lifts the tax burden from lies both buying power and the freedom to ance, plus a lack of resources to make family day-care homes by substituting an make individual choices about what kind capital improvements, represent signifi­ annual filing requirement for the current of care is best for their children. She takes cant barriers to establishing and expanding quarterly one, and by allowing small pro­ the best of the tax credit-buying power child care slots. viders to conaibute once to the payroll tax and freedom of choice-and drops the fea­ The Services Improvement Act pro­ instead of both the employer's and em­ tures which discriminate against low-in­ vides a $250 million block grant in each of ployee's share . come families by providing funding for the three years of the program, a one-year child care certificates directly to low-in­ SIOO million grant for the insurance pool Qualily come parents. Senator Hatch and Representative The Johnson certificate program Johnson believe that regulation is impor­ would help the families who now receive tant, but that it is no substitute for the no help from the tax credit. It would be child's parent or a stable and committed available to those families making under provider. S22,OOO a year. It would be deficit-neutral, "Real child care reform The majority of Republicans have not eliminating the Dependent Care Tax Credit supported federal regulation, and many for families with annual incomes of must look beyond the have said that most effective qualit:1 con­ S70.000 and above, providing assistance trol on out-of-home care hinges on the to low-income families with the money limits of the nine-tojive professionalism of the provider and the saved. The Connecticut Republican would mind set. . . unless we vigilance of parents. They disagree with require states to set the value of the certifi­ the assumption that federal regulations can cate on a sliding scale, the greatest subsidy empower employees to magically assure that all child care pro­ going to working families of lowest in­ viders will be good child care providers. come, so working families can shop for negotiate,fewer families Child care regulation is currently the care without being constrained by the lim­ responsibility of stales. Hatch and Johnson ited number of subsidized child care slots. will be strong. healthy prefer to keep it at that level , where regula· and secure. "-Rep. tions can be monitored, enforced and Availability changed if they are found to be unrealistic Child care is already scarce. The De­ Nancy Johnson or overly intrusive. Every state now regu­ partment of Labor reports that as many as lates child care centers. and all but two 20,000 children under three may be left states regulate home-based operations. unsupervised for part of the day. Numbers Instead, as Representative Johnson of "latch-key" kids are growing, and re­ has pointed out. states have begun to roll ports are increasingly frequent of children and $25 million for the capital improve­ back annual inspection requirements for left at public libraries after school because ment fund. The Child Care Services 1m· family day-care homes in favor of rules there is no after-school program in the provement Act is meant to initiate locally. requiring an unannounced "spot-check" community. controlled projects along the lines of a sue· for a percentage of family day-care home Senator Hatch has developed a pro­ cessful federal-local job training partner­ providers. Moreover, since 50 to 90 per­ posal to expand the supply of child care, ship. Because the projects are designed to cent of family child-care homes are under­ which Representative Johnson has spon­ live beyond federal involvement, the au­ ground operations, the burden is often on sored in the House of Representatives. thorization may be used to significantly parents to monitor the quality of their chil­ Their bill-the Child Care Services Im­ expand services without creating a new dren's care. A more realistic response to provement Act-would provide seed entitlement of federal funds . the problem of unregulated care, according money for the expansion of child care serv­ The Services Improvement Act does to both legislators , is removing the barriers ices and would free states and localities to not simply provide grants for services but to joining the licensed system , such as set their own priorities. proposes solutions to real-world problems making insurance more available, elim­ The bill requires that funds serve low­ facing child care businesses. The legisla­ inating the tax burden on family-based income children and set sliding-fee scales tion provides for start-up funds for state providers, thereby increasing the state's according to the family 's ability to pay. insurance pools and refonns product lia­ ability to provide effective oversight, and Projects must identify alternative funding bility in order to encourage insurers to re­ educating parents to recognize quality once the start-up grant has been exhausted enter the child care market. The bill also child care environments. and facilities must be state-licensed. But provides seed money for state revolving­ Republicans, too, have suggested money is available for a wide variety of loan funds so family day care providers there is a flip side to the quality issue . child care settings. including family-based can make the home-improvements that are While Senator Hatch and Representative

Rlpa.J FORUM, AilGusr /988 17 Johnson recognize that parents today must work to remain a step ahead of the rising cost of living, they contend that adherence THE HERITAGE OF to a full-time, five-day work week may be unhealthy for the parent who must juggle both job and parenting responsibilities, PROGRESSIVE and unhealthy for the security and devel­ opment of the child. The Services Improvement Act in­ REPUBLICAN VALUES, cludes three options to reduce the demand for child care. The bill allows parents of newborn or newly adopted children to take additional tax credits to remain home for BY MARK E. UNCAPHER six months with their children; it provides full-time homemakers with retirement se­ curity by allowing full contributions to In­ OSt political choices involve many past Ripon proposals show an accep­ dividual Retirement Accounts; and it es­ competing value systems. Vo­ tance of the objectives of liberal economic tablishes a new Presidential Award for M ters, politicians and policy­ policy, i.e., promoting economic oppor­ Progressive Personnel Policies, for em­ makers alike act upon a variety of conflict­ tunity, they propose to use free market ployers whose policies have significantly ing assumptions, primarily about the role methods to achieve those ends. For exam­ reduced their workers' child care needs. of government and the relationship of the ple, Ripon proposals frequently center on RepresentativeJohnson also proposes individual toward government. Without a replacing direct government spending pro­ establishing a tax credit for employers, clear unden;tanding of the conflict and in­ grams with tax credits. The intcnt is to modeled on the successful Targeted Jobs terplay of competing values, however, replace centralizcd programs with incen­ Tax Credit, that would provide workers many political decisions cannot be fully tives that can encourage a variety of strate­ with the power to bargain for flexible work understood. gies to reach the same end. schedules. The new credit would provide The underlying tension in progressive The second fundamental tenet of pro­ working parents with the ability to reduce Republicanism was expressed best by John gressive Republican values is that of "fair­ their need for child care and the ability to Anderson when he said during hi s 1980 ness" for individuals. This takes on a vari­ manage both work and family respon­ presidential campaign that he carried his ety of foons, including support for civil sibilities. She envisions her new legisla­ wallet on the right and his heart on the left. liberties, civil rights and procedural fair­ tion as a workplace incentive to adjust to Put differently, progressive Republicans ness by government. the changing demographics of the Ameri­ combine a strong free market orientation can workforce. As Johnson says, "Real on economic issues with an emphasis on child care reform must look beyond the fairness for the individual on social, pro­ limits of the nine-to-five mindset. Bold cedural and rights issues. modifications can be adopted without re­ "A fimdamental tenet of ducing productivity, but unless we em­ Economic and Individual Freedoms power employees to negotiate, fewer fami­ On economic issues, progressive Re­ progressive Republican lies will be strong, healthy and secure." publicans share much with the rest of the Fiscally responsible policy has been Republican Party, including a commitment values is that of 'fairness the hallmark of Republican proposals. Re­ to sustained economic growth. The pri­ publicans believe that workable sol utions, mary difference is that progressive Repub­ for individuals." not expensive fund ing level s, indicate real licans focu s on the individual's freedom commitment to solving a problem. within the marketplace, rather than pro­ Republicans have respo nded to tecting the status quo for business. changing workforce demographics with This is an important distinction. Re­ The support of civil rights has been­ proposals that will expand the supply of call that progressive Republicans have and will remain-a litmus test for progres­ care by providing incenti ves to fill gaps at supported anti-trust policies ever since sive Repub licans. Progressive Republican the grassroots and remain in operation Theodore Roosevelt's "trust-busting" legislators, administrators and jurists have when the federal government turns its at­ days. The result is that individuals have made their contributions to the painfully tention to other, equally pressing national been allowed to compete more effectively slow march toward social justice. needs. The blueprint provided by two con­ in the marketplace. But it may also be suggested that the gressional Republicans, Representative Yet one shouldn't confuse progres­ gravest political failure of progressive Re­ Nancy Johnson and Senator Orrin Hatch, sive RepUblicans with those li berals who publicans has been their inability 10 main­ propose strategies to meet the challenges look to government for all sol utions. While tain an environment within the party which of availability, affordability and quality, could attract a substantial number of black but remain loyal to the Republican princi­ Mark E. Uncapher is an attorney in New voters. Even in some of the current rhetoric ple that building strong families should be York and notjoMl president of the Ripon of Jesse Jackson about economic and polit­ the party's primary goal. • Society. ical empowennent, one can hear the echo

18 RlPCW FORUM, A.UGUST 19M of a political strain which might otherwise behavior with reference to international feel at home in the Republican Pany. law. The protection of the individual The alternative perspective takes a against government power especially dis· "The progressive less idealistic view of international affairs, tinguishes progressive Republicans from and sees foreign relations as a struggle more authoritarian conservati ves. Those Republican tradition also among self-interested nations. While this conservatives who would use government group may prefer to use negotiation to bal· power to impose their own values are com· has been shaped by a ance national interests, it regards the use of parable to statist liberals who would en· concern for conservation force as the ultimate arbiter of international large government economic power at the disputes. When this branch of progressive expense of the individual. and the environment. " Republicans supports the use of force, or No more basic test of the balance of the threat of force, it is likely to be drawn state power and individual rights exists into direct conflict with the more ideal· lhan the struggle over reproductive rights. oriented progressive RepUblicans. No clear consensus exists on this profound moral issue. Individuals and religions hold The Great Society and New Deal social The Future a variety of teachings on lhe subject. insurance programs have blurred some of Perhaps the greatest opportunity for the distinctions between the "economic" the progressive Republican movement lies impulses for free markets and the more in the coming to power of the baby boom compassionate impul se for individual generation, those Americans who were "fairness." born between 1946 to 1964. ''The support of civil Progressive Republicans are forced to The baby boom generation was reconcile these tensions, just as the Ameri­ shaped by the civil rights movement, as rights has been-and will can right must reconcile its embrace of well as the affluence of the post-war era. supply·side economics with its support for Its civil rights orientation reduces the ap· remain-a litmus test for essentially authoritarian social policies. peal class-based politics had for the De­ A free economic marketplace re· pression·era generation. progressIve quires an open market of ideas. A success· Republicans. " ful economic environment requires toler· ance of new ideas and initiatives. Economic progress depends on individual mobility which is not stymied by racism or sexism. Entrepreneurship prospers in a so· "Perhaps the greatest Yet it 's odd that the American right, ciety that is not preoccupied with retaining opportunity for the which so fervently supports economic the relationships of the old order, but which freedoms, embraces lhe use of state power is open to challenge by sometimes uncon· progressive Republican to impose the moral teaching of particular ventional outsiders. religions upon the whole of society. They nwvement lies in the Foreign Policy would deny the right of individuals to make their own choices on reproouction. Progressive Republican foreign pol. coming to power of the Can one think of a more direct, personal icy recognizes the special responsibility of baby boom generation." use of state power than to force women to America in world affairs. Our values re· have children they would not choose to fleet an outward international orientation have? and are at odds with policies which are The progressive Republican tradition directed at narrowly construed conceptions also has been shaped by a concern for of American interests, such as protection­ In particular, the baby boom genera· conservation and the environment. This ist trade policies or isolation from our al­ tion prizes personal freedom. This flows tradition is rooted in the belief that envi· lies. from the various developments of the Six· ronmental preservation cannot be accom· This global perspective is the end ties and leads to a tolerance and openness plished solely through free market means. product of an evolution in progressive on social issues. (Theodore Roosevelt's legacy in this area American thinking and of the growing re· The demographic bulge of baby­ is also noteworthy.) Progressive Republi· sponsibility and power of America in boom voters will remain a significant part cans maintain that environmental issues world affairs. This sense of stewardship of American politics we ll into the next cen­ are exemplary of how market forces need leads to a strong preference for negotia· ru ry. Its unique characteristics offer a sig­ to be tempered with government interven· tion, which also re flects a sensitivity to the nificant opportunity for progressive Re­ tion to protect the interests of the individ· conflicting interests of other nations. publicans. If we can succeed in capturing ual. However within this perspective there the political imagination of a growing seg· Of course, at times the progressive exists a sharp division. One branch, ex· ment of this group, we can greatly expand Republican values of "individual fair· pressed best by Ripon Society chairman the influence of our movement and its ness" and " market opportunity" clash. Jim Leach, seeks to reorder international values in American politics. •

RlPON FORUM. AUGUST 1988 J9 THE CHAIRMA N'S CORNER AMERICAN VALUES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

BYlIMLEACH

very society has a Santayana-an Whatever discipline ordisciplines are historian who points out that 10 taught, the key is the manner in which the E fail to study the past is to conde mn individual's imagination is stimulated to the future to the repetition of past mistakes. "If war is a constant qf think and act. What, for instance, could be more In this context, it is impossible not to relevant to our understanding of the history, the greatest be concerned with the state of American Nicaragua problem than study of the clas­ ethics. sics, panicularly Thucydides? political science question As evidenced by weekly indictments, Two and a half millennia ago in a of all time is how it can the greed syndrome on Wall Street has c hronicle of the Peloponnesian War, never been more in evidence. Newsmakers Thucydides recorded how the Athenian as­ be made obsolete. " have become those who prey on insider sembly voted to send ships to conquer the confidences, who manipulate paper rather island of Melos, whose people declared than grow, invest and build. they wantcd to remain neutral in the great As evidenced by the lran-a-mok epi­ struggle of the Greek age. The day after the sode, the power syndrome in Washington Heet was ordered to sail, the assembly re­ appears inc reasingly corrupted. White considered and a vessel was ordered to mistake that can't be repeated: nuclear Ar­ House zealots have ignored common sense convey new orders of restraint. MeJos re­ mageddon. What distinguishes this gener­ in attempting to trade arms for hostages ceived a reprieve. ation of citizens of the world from all and stretched the law and the Constitution Thirty years later the same issue was others is that we are the first to have the in prosecuting a dubiously moral war in revisited. This time the order was not re­ capacity not just to wage war, but to de­ Central America. considered and Athenian forces landed on stroy civilization. As Einstein once noted, As evidenced by the character suicide Melos, killing the males and e nslaving the " The unleashed power of the atom has of a presidential candidate, it appears that females of the island. changed everything save our modes of some who seek to set an example for Thucydides' account was intended to thinking. " If war is a constant of history, American families believe they can ignore ponray the Howering and then the decay of the greatest political science question of all traditional family values in their own life­ Athe nia n de mocracy. Today Ame rica time is how it can be made obsolete. styles. stands as the Athens of our time; the Soviet Here, the role the imagination plays And, as evidenced by recent revela­ Union, an ideologica1ly more rigid Spana. cannot be underestimated. For practi­ tions regarding tele-evangelists, moral The question wemustaskourselves, as our tioners of the so-called "art of the possi­ confidence appears to be shaken not just by democratic forefathers did 2500 years ago, ble." the trait most often prized is pragma­ those in public life, but by those who by is whether it is possible to respect the right tism and calculating realism. Ye t the profession have chosen to guide the pUblic, of a small country to self-determination realists have brought us an unreal world. It citing the Bible's authority. even if it implies living with a government may be that the very stuff of survival de­ Amidst this ethical crisis is a crisis of in our region which articulates a philoso­ mands that the human imagination be perspective. phy repugnant to our own. stretched in ways it never has before. What do these challenges of social In a broader historical framework the In the fast-changing circumstances of ethics, embraced in the context of chal­ most challenging assignment for civiliza­ the 20th century, a premier responsibility lenges to the survival of the species, imply tion is to figure out how not to make the one of government is to expand society's com­ for the individual citizen? mitment to education, with the under­ The American Revolution was prem­ lim Leach is a member of Congress from standing that the premier responsibility of ised on the notion that might did not make Iowa and chairman of the Ripon Society. the education community is to stimulate right and that self-interest could never be This essay is excerptedfrom Ripon'sforth­ the imagination , to provide perspective. to the final measure of an action's worth. coming book " A Newer World : The Pro­ enlarge the capacity of the individual to Signers of the Declaration of Indepen­ gressi\''e Republican Vision of America." manage change, personal as well as public. dence pledged their lives, honors and for-

20 RlP(W FORUM, AUGUST J988 tunes to establish a government that consti­ to this debate is implicit in the Reagan tutionally recognized the separation but administration's policy in Latin America. not total divorce of church and state. The administration seems to be suggesting In crafting our initial documents. our "Process is our most that not only will we play the role of world founding fathers attempted not only to im­ important product . . . policeman, but rather than enforcing the bue our political institutions with an under­ law, the interventionist cops American cit­ standing of human nature but with a recog­ Process as opposed to izens are encouraged to suppon are them­ nition of the transcendental import of the selves above the law. This in the profoun· divine. outcome has never been des t sense is the meaning of our Building on the French philosopher withdrawal from the compulsory jurisdic­ Montesquieu . they recognized human more important." tion of the World Court because of the case frailty and determined that there would be Nicaragua instituted against us. a separation of powers between branches Centuries hence historians might note of government with shared and potentially that as a society we've experienced three discordant authority. While not estab­ great debates. The first centered around li shing a single state church or state increasingly the norm. It cannot be obvi­ the founding of the Republic and the ques­ school, they nevertheless decreed freedom ated simply by building nuclear tipped tion of whether a nation-state could be of religion as a primal ri ght protected by mi ssiles nor by de-mothballing yes­ founded premised on the ri ghts of man; the the Constitution itself. Government was to teryear's battleships. When a quick en­ second, symbolized by the Civil War and be premised on the acti ve consent of the trance to heaven is the goal of potential the Suffragette movement a century later, governed, with the right of revolution adversaries, it is imperative that we come centered on whether rights would be ap­ against authority, the right of self-deter­ to better understand foreign cultures-che plied to people who weren't simply male mination, rooted in a higher law of con­ Koran as well as Machiavell i-and re­ and pale; the third is the debate we're en­ science as opposed to the lesser, more member the part of our heritage cootained tering today: whether there's a right to mundane civil law of society. in our first supplication: our revolutionary peace, whether international stability can There is always a tension in a society commitment to pay a decent respect to the be achieved without expanding interna­ such as ours that is based on firmly held opinions of mankind. tional law as it applies to trade as well as ethical and religious values but which pm­ For decades there has been debate politics. The outcome of this last debate is tects as a fundamental right diversity of about whether the United States should unlikely to be happy unless we recognize perspective. The tension is the genius of playa role of policeman for the world, with that law, to be effective, has to constrain our constitutional system . Process is our some arguing that it is a chore for which we the behavior of governments as well as most imponaOl product. lack either a legal imprimatur or adequate individuals, politicians as well as interest This emphasis on process as opposed resources to undenake. A new dimension groups. • to outcome-the " how" rather than the "who" or the "what" of policy-has never been more imponant. The challenge for government in a democracy is to establish laws that deserve respect and for citizens to follow laws even A PERSONAL NOTE when they find them inconvenient. Thank you for your generous response so far to the "Silver Challenge." We But law, to be respected, must con­ at the Ripon Society designed the' 'Silver Challenge" for ourselves and for you, strain the behavior of governments as well in honor of the Ripon Society's 25th Anniversary. Our goal: to raise 5250,000 in as citizens. How the game is played mat­ one year to fund our books and magazines, our participation in political confer­ ters ... as does the temper and integrity of ences and debates and our research and development of new ideas. the participants. Now, at mid-year, we have raised about SI75,000. We are over half way to Today the greatest threat to world or­ our goal, and we think we can reach our goal or even beyond. der is the anarchy implied when govern­ We design and carry out all of these activities-the Transatlantic Conference ments themselves refuse to follow the rules from which just returned, the Republican National Convention to which we and refuse as well to submit to the kind of we are now on our way and more issues of the Forum which we can look forward to in arbitration necessary to make law enforce­ the future-so that your voice will be heard above the ruckus of the far right and able rather than simply hortatory. the liberal left. When governments put themselves As we enter the second half of the year, the crucial half in lenns of shaping above the law they invite the retribution of the political debates for the November elections, we are excited about your great the lawless. And the lawless today are car­ enthusiasm. Please don't let up now. You will be hearing more about the "Silver rying more than six-guns and are moti­ Challenge" in the months ahead. Please continue your suppon , which is primar­ vated by more than the traditional human il y what keeps our doors open. foibles of greed and gluttony. In an age of ideological, quasi-reli­ gious politics, martyrdom-a preference for rather than an aversion to death--is

RJP(XV FORUM. AUGUST 1988 21 Continued from page /5 concerns. Not until 1987-a year into the governor's third term--did he establish an office of science and technology. And it doesn't even answer directly to the gover­ G nor, but rather to two or three levels below him in the state's bureaucracy. To be sure, the Dukakis adminislJ'a­ CALIFORNIA tion has approved funds for some programs related to the state's knowledge-based economy. But even those, Mr. Diman­ cescu claims, have been limited and are mostl y political payoffs. The state's Ce nter of Excellence, BY ROMAN BUHLER which was originated by Governor Du­ kakis' political rival, Lieutenant Governor Evelyn Murphy, is an example. The pur­ pose of the program is to concentrate re­ " G eorge Bush can win the Bush, behind in the polls with time run­ Presidency without Cali­ sources on the underlying strengths of an ning out, begins to take risks. area. The governor's budget, however, has fornia, but Mike Dukakis Second , Bush must define himself. must carry California in order to win ." How matters less than when. h must be provided only $4.6 million to the Massa­ This is the message that California Repub­ chusetts Center of Excellence over the last now, before the Olympics in September lican leaders and the Bush campaign have two years. This is "absolute peanuts," Mr. and the World Series in October. been delivering in recent weeks. Dimancescu says, and the reason is politi­ But the authoritative California Field cal rivalry. Governor Dukakis does not poll and others show Bush losing by a want to fund his opponent's program. substantial margin to Dukakis as of early Michael Dukakis is not running for June. Carrying Cal ifornia will certainly be president on his foreign policy experience, a challenge for George Bush, but the re­ "If Bush could drive a as George Bush is, so his domestic experi­ ward may well be the presidency. ence is crucial. But if that leadership California has gone Democratic only doesn't exactly reRect what he says it is, semi in New Hampshire, twice in the last 40 years, for Harry Tru­ particularly when it comes to thinking cre­ man in 1948 and Lyndon Johnson in 1964 . he can load bales of hay atively about the future , voters should be­ So, why would 1988 look different? ware. In Thxas, a state seeking its own For one thing there has been a Californian in Visalia or drive a skip renaissance, there is a question for people on the Republican presidential ticket in ev­ with this problcm: Is he all hat and no loader in San Pedro." ery election but two since 1948. Governor cattle? Do his actions match his words? Earl Warren in '48, Richard Nixon in '52, '56, '60, '68, and '72, and Ronald Reagan in 'SO and 'S4 were all Californians. Ger­ ald Ford is the only Republican who car­ ried California without a Californian on the There are plemy of visions waiting. I ticket , and he won it by a narrow margin. suspect we will reall y begin to see Bush's KESSLER & AsSOCIATES So how can George Bush win Califor­ choices during his acceptance speech at the nia, particularly if he doesn't place the GOP convention in August. And I suspect state's GOP governor, George Deukme­ that the visions that appeal to Californians jian, on the ticket? will not be far from those that appeal to Special Events & First, he must win over the conserva­ swing voters in llIinois, Oh io, Michigan, Fundraising ConSuhan lS tive Democratic blue collar constituencies Pennsylvania and all over the country. that Reagan won in 1984. Bush's strategy Third, Republicans must make a mas­ must be to emphasize Dukakis' li beral sive grassroots recruitment effort to ensure Public & views on crime, taxes and national de· the key voters are personally contacted and Political Affairs fense. This seems to be happening. But urged to participate. Organization cannot Bush is going to have to comedown off Air substitute for persuasion, but it can add Force Two and campaign in a more popul­ 10-15% of the already persuaded to the ist style. If he could drive a semi in New ranks of the already voted. Richard S. Kessler (202) 547-6808 Hampshire, he can load bales of hay in I suspect that in 1988 , phoning will President Visalia or drive a skip loader in San Pedro. not be enough. It will be the face to face 250 10th Street, S.E. Ironically th is will probably happen when contact out in the precinct that really Washington, D.C. 20003 works. And it wi ll be mostly young vol un­ Roman Buhler is an attorney in Los An­ teers who make it happen, if the campaign geles and a grassroots political organizer. mobilizes them. •

22 RIPON FORUM , AUGUST" 1988 6 LIBRARY COURT

ANNUAL DINNER detail, however, here is a summary of the expressed concern that NATO is reacting highlights. to Mikhail Gorbachev's actions rather than Conference topics ranged from arms initialing action. He noted that NATO should "assist Gorbachev without taking s reported in the June issue of the control and burden sharing to the economy risks ... A Forum. we held our Annual Dinner, and the 1988 U.S. presidential election. "A Salute to Humor in American Poli­ Issues from both sides of the Atlantic were Congressman Bill Green from New tics ," on June 21st. The dinner was a great covered as well as trans-European issues. York, Daniel Oliver, chairman of the Fed­ success. The attendance was high. over Jonathan Eyal of the Royal United eral Trade Commission, and Thelma 350 people attended, including nearly 50 Services Institute, the Rt. Hon . Leon Brit­ Askey, counsel to the House Ways and Members of Congress (thaI's more than tan QC MP and William Howard Taft , the Means Committee, led discussions on onc out of every ten Representatives and U.S. under-secretary of defense, ad­ trade and development issues. Askey Senators!). dressed arms control and defense issues. pointed out the importance of the Uruguay Furthennore, as the theme promised, All three speakers emphasized the impor­ round of the GAIT talks and stressed three we were able to spend an evening laughing tance of the changing Soviet role in the areas as places for improvement: govern­ ment services, government procurement at the right wing, the liberals and espe­ world and how the western alliance is af­ and property rights. • ciallyourselves. fected by those changes. Leon Brittan MP The dinner was a fun , not-so-serious opportunity for us to get together with many of our supporters and to enjoy our­ selves while raising money for our various activities. For those of you who were not able 10 auend, please enjoy these photo­ graphs of the dinner, and we hope to see you al next year's dinner if nOI sooner.

IN THE NEWS ••• Two different aspects of the Ripon Society were mentioned in the Washington Post recently. On June 21st, Washington Post staff writer Charles Trueheart wrote a very positive review of the Ripon Forum. Referring to us as a "cabal of idea-oriented party moderates and progressives," True­ heart comments that we have had a "thankless task" as moderates in the age of Reagan. In an uplifting tone, Trueheart looks toward the future and enquires, as we Representative Jim Leach and Representative Lynn Martin at the Ripon Society recently have, " does there beat within the Annual Dinner. vice president the heart of a fellow-travel­ ing Riponoid?" On the following day, Sarah Peasley wrote a Washington Post article about our Annual Dinner with the headline: "Rip­ ping Good Time for Ripon. " Peasley de­ scribes the Ripon Society as a "group of self-proclaimed moderate Republicans [which] rumbled like a faction coming into its own." We enjoy the attention, especiall y as flattering as it has been.

AN AUGUST MEETING IN JULY Members of the Ripon Society, the British Bow Group, Club 89 from France and a one person Norwegian delegation recently attended the Sixth Annual Trans­ atlantic Conference in London and Cam­ bridge. The fannal and infonnal discus- sions are too numerous to describe in Senator Alan Simpson and Representative Lynn Martin talking before the dinner.

Rlf'all FORUM. AUGUST 1988 23 WASHINGTON NOTES AND QUOTES

Bush & Iran-contra: Quoted in the Des Transportation Secretary who testified last year... " Neither Honolulu Mayor Frank Moines Register, Ripon Chairman Rep. summer against Supreme Court nominee Fasi nor U.S. Representative Pat Saiki (the Jim Leach said, "As Ronad Reagan's co­ Robert Bork), Pat Robertson and of only Hawaiian federal GOP office holder) pilot, George Bush has faced up to the Iran course, President Reagan . will be pan of the Hawaii delegation. mess more fully than the press has ac­ ... knowledged. It is an understandable lia­ ... A House Out of Order: Peter Osterlund, bility for him. But the question remains Ripon at the Races: Here is a look at hot writing for the Christian Science Monitor, whether the press can now face up to the House races involving moderate and pro­ wrapped up a IO-pan series on the Con­ fairness issue. Should this decent man be gressive Republicans (our last issue fea­ gress with these thoughts: "The Demo­ run out of town for a policy he neither tured Senate races): crnts are likely to continue to dominate for authored nor played a principal role in? In California, Stanford Law professor some time, if only because of the dramatic .... George Bush should be entitled to Tom Campbell defeated one-term incum­ expansion of perquisites-special interest ask his other serious opponent-the press: . bent Representative Ernie Konnyu in the money, staff help and media attention­ 'Where's the perspective?'" June GOP primary, in the district last held that accrue to incumbents.. . As a re­ by '86 Senate nominee Ed Zschau. Camp­ ... sult, the House has become a place where bell is a strong favorite for November in Riponoid InnUrators: The new White Democratic policy positions are written one ofthe nation's most reliably moderate House Chief of Staff, Kenneth Duberstein, into legislation, rather than a place where GOP seats. served Reagan previously as a respected , parties compete to elevate their ideas into Most leaders of the moderate House competent specialist in White House-Con­ law." contingent (such as Gunderson of Wiscon­ gressional relations. Duberstein came to A July 9 New York Times editorial sin, Johnson of Connecticut, Green and Washington in 1965 to work for Ripon-icon added: "It would be a mistake to dismiss Boehlert of New York, Leach of Iowa, Jacob K. Javits. all of the Republicans' charges as so much Snowe of Maine, Tauke of Iowa) are safe partisan grousing. The Democrats have bets for re-election. Buechner of Missouri, ... clearly adapted some House procedures to Morel la of Maryland , Saiki of Hawaii, and Cool, Clean and Popular: The appoint­ suit themselves, with too little regard for Shays of Connecticut--each in their first­ ment of former Governor Richard Thorn­ the public interest. .. teon representing Democratic-leaning dis· burgh of Pennsylvania to be attorney gen­ ... tricts-appear to be strengthening their eral is a sweet success for pragmatic, Minimum Wage Politicking: Economist position. Michigander Carl Pursell faces principled moderates. Long a prosecuting Robert J. Samuelson, writing in News· tougher-than-usual opposition. attorney before becoming governor, in­ week: "Raising the minimum wage in­ In the Vennont seat being vacated by cluding a stint as chief of Justice's criminal volves the worst kind of back~oor spend· Senate nominee Jim Jeffords, moderate division under Gerald Ford, Thornburgh ing and feel-good politics: people can say Peter Smith is currently the frontrunner, made a reputation for nabbing corrupt pub­ they're helping the poor when they 're re­ although he faces primary opposition. Im­ lic officials, polluters, drug dealers and ally not. Democrats are trying to paint the pressive challengers seeking to defeat organized crime. He left the governorship Republicans as cold, cruel, and heart· Democratic incumbents include Ann in 1987 after two terms, cool, clean and less. .. Whoever wins , the poor lose." Haney in Wisconsin, Earl Mollander in popular. Samuelson praises the plan of Wisconsin Oregon, John Holmes in Rhode Island, When asked by the New York Times in Representative Thomas Petri to increase an Don Redfern in Iowa and Ted O'Meara in 1975 why he entered politics. he referred existing tax credit for low-income working Maine. to Goldwater's defeat by LBJ in 1964: " I parents with children (see June 1988 RF). In our last two issues, WN&Q erro· really faulted the Republican moderates neously identified Wisconsin Senate can· who sat on their duffs and let the extremists ... didate Susan Engeleiter as lieutenant gov­ from the far right take over." Facts About the Fiction is the name of an ernor. Ms. Engeleiter is the highly ... informational brochure being distributed regarded State Senate Republican Leader. by the Republican National Committee to We regret the mistake. New Faces: As part of a Bush effort to battle what GOP Chairman Frank showcase "new faces" in the Republican ... Fahrenkopf, Jr. calls "the Big Lie of '88": Party, New Jersey Governor Thomas Kean that the U.S. economy is on the brink of a Who's Disloyal?? Says Representative has been given the honor of delivering the disastrous collapse. Copies may be 0b­ Vin Weber of Minnesota: " (George Bush) keynote address at the New Orleans con­ tained by contacting the RNC. is not hopeless-but we're beginning to vention. First elected in 1981 , Kean has recognize that the sort of aggressive con­ delivered a booming economy and lower ... servati sm we've been pushing doesn't taxes, and national leadership on education Trouble in Paradise: From the Honolulu have any leadership or visibility any· and the environment, two areas where Star-Bulletin: "With the exception of more." And Richard Viguerie, the direct­ Bush has pledged to focus his energies if Maui Mayor Hannibal Tavares, CityCoun· mail wizard, detects "a strong feeling that eleced; Kean also drew 60% of the black cilman David Kahanu and state Senator it might not be so bad an idea to lose this vote in his '85 re-election. Donna Ikeda, the remaining 17 national election. " Other major convention speakers in­ GOP delegates we re pan of the Christian clude Jeane Kirkpatrick, Elizabeth Han­ coalition that moved in like an anny and -eompiled by the staff and National ford Dole, Wi ll iam Coleman (Ford's took over the local GOP earlier this Ripon Society Correspondents

24 RIPON FORUM, ItUGUST 1988