Orissa Review (Census Special)

SAMBALPUR DISTRICT

Sambalpur district with effect from 26th October 1949 and formed a sub-division of the district. The district of Sambalpur has been in focus even Another new sub-division in was prior to the British dominance as the gateway of formed on 1.7.1969 by taking some areas of a resource rich area widely spread. sub-division. During the decade 1971- 81 another new sub-division was created at During the rebellion of 1857, Sambalpur , carving out a portion of Sambalpur exerted strong resistance against the British under sub-division. the veteran leader . Although the rebellion was suppressed in all parts of by The present district of Sambalpur is 1858, Surendra Sai, with the help of his associates, formed after division of old Sambalpur district continued fighting till 1864. He was imprisoned into four districts in 1993. The district of Bargarh in the fort of Asirgarh, where he died in 1884. was created out of old districts on 27.03.1993 and Sambalpur, Jharsuguda and were The administration of Sambalpur was created on 22.12.1993 vide Govt. Notification transferred from the Commissioner of Central No.DRC-44/93 – 14218/R dated 27.03.1993 provinces to that of Orissa Division in 1905 and and DRC – 218/93 -56413/R dated 22.12.93 confirmed as a part of the province of and respectively. Orissa. When the province of Orissa was created on 1st April, 1936 the and Padmapur The pride of the state, Dam, is tracts of the central province were merged in the located in the district the main dam being of 4800 district of Sambalpur and Khariar was made a meters on the river . The district forms sub-division, called Nawapara. After the merger a part of the central basin of the Mahanadi that of the princely states on 1st January 1948, the traverses from the northwest to the south east of ex-state of Bamra was made a part of Sambalpur. Sambalpur sub-division. Subsequently on 1st November 1949 Nawapara sub-division was separated in order to form a part The district of Sambalpur lies between of the newly constituted district of Kalahandi, 20º43’N 22º11' N latitude and 82º39' E to while the ex-state of passed over to 85º13E longitude. It is bounded on the north by

December - 2010 179 Orissa Review (Census Special) districts of Sundargarh and Jharsuguda, on the constitute 22.4 percent. The working age south by the districts of Sonapur and Anugul, on population of 15-59 age group constitute to 60 the east by the districts of Sundargarh and percent and the old age population (including age Debagarh, and on the west by the districts of not stated) constitute 8.64 percent. The old age Bargarh and Jharsugura. Area of the district is group needs some attentions for further 6,657 sq .km. according to the census of india, investigation and supportive action for different 2001. The population of the district is 935,613 schemes. comprising 475,122 males and 460,491 females. The percentage of male population is 50.8 and The literacy rate of the district is 67.2 that of females is 49.2 percent. The sex ratio of percent considering 7+ population. The male the population works out to be 969 females per literacy rate is 79 percent and female rate is 55.2 1000 males and of 0-6 years population is 959. reflecting a major gender difference. The total The population density is 141 per sq.km of area. population who have got some education The population growth rate during the decade constitute 58.2 percent. Of them about 30 1991-2001 is 1.42 averaged annually. percent each have studied below primary or primary level. Graduate and above constitute 6.84 The percentage of population classified percent and without level 2.3 percent of the total as urban is 27.1. The major towns are Sambalpur, educated persons. Middle to Higher Secondary Burla and Hirakud. The number of households is reported by 32 percent of the persons indicating spread over rural and urban areas is 202,247 some level of education. Work participation rate giving an average household size of 5 per of the district is 45 percent. Of the total workers household. 67 percent are main workers and 33 percent are Religion wise distribution indicates Hindus marginal workers. Schemes like NREGS have constitute 93.4 percent, Christians 4.2 percent wider scope on implementation in such districts and Muslim 2.1 percent. The district population where 55 percent population are non workers. is considered by 34.5 percent of Scheduled Looking at the housing statistics, it is Tribes and 17 percent of Scheduled Castes. The revealed that only 33 percent of households live major tribes enumerated in the district are Kisan in permanent, 44.3 percent in semi-permanent and (27.8%), Munda etc.(17.5%) and Gond etc. 23 percent in temporary houses. The district has (17.1%) among the total tribal population of the 5 towns, and 1325 villages of which 1238 villages district. Similarly, the castes having highest are inhabited. It is revealed from the census data population are Ganda (40.7 percent), Pan Pano that cent percent of villages are having drinking (12.2 percent) and Dewar (10.8) considering the water and nearly 100 percent have safe drinking total scheduled caste population. water facility. Electricity is available in 83.88 The age composition of a population percent and 58 percent have it for domestic indicates mainly the past trends of fertility and purpose while 6 percent only for agriculture. mortality, although migration plays some roles if Primary schools are available in 66.6 percent of it is significant. The population in the age group villages and 23.7 percent have a middle school. 0-4 years constitute 9 percent and 5-14 years Only 15.2 percent have secondary/senior

180 December - 2010 Orissa Review (Census Special) secondary schools and 1.7 percent colleges. Christian population is comparatively higher. The Medical facility is available in 13.4 percent of working age population is 60 percent and the total villages which mainly constitutes health sub-centres workforce is less than 50 percent. The area is (10.6 percent). Postal and related facilities are resource bestowed and recent trend in available in 32.8 percent of villages and bus industrialisation raises hope for development in services in 28.1 percent. Paved approach road the area but environment pollution may affect is available in 29.2 percent and mud approach population quality and thus warrant some road in 92 percent of villages. restrains. Educational and road situation require more attention. Gender imbalance in population The district of Sambalpur has always and literacy may be areas of concern. In sum, the occupied a prominent place prior to British era, census it may be mentioned that the data collected during the British period and even after formation in census if appropriately utilised for planning from of the separate province of Orissa being the main village level many of the deficiencies can be pin contact point of the western region of Orissa. The pointed and remedial measures appropriately population growth rate is lower compared to the directed. state. It has predominance of tribal population.

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Basic Data Sheet District Sambalpur (03), Orissa (21) ( Source: Census of India 2001)

Population: Persons 935,613 Number of households 202,247 Males 475,122 Household size (per household) 5 Females 460,491 Growth (1991 - 2001) 14.17 Sex ratio (females per 1000 males) 969 Rural 681,835 Sex ratio (0-6 years) 959 Urban 253,778 Scheduled Caste population 159,453 Scheduled Tribe population 322,770 Percentage to total population 17.04 Percentage to total population 34.50

Literacy and Educational level Literates Educational Level attained Persons 544,861 Total 544,861 Males 324,711 Without level 12,490 Females 220,150 Below primary 163,395 Literacy rate Primary 157,269 Persons 67.25 Middle 69,036 Males 78.99 Matric/Higher Secondary/Diploma 105,367 Females 55.16 Graduate and above 37,291

Workers Age groups Total workers 421,346 0 - 4 years 84,368 Main workers 282,174 5 - 14 years 209,180 Marginal workers 139,172 15 - 59 years 561,225 Non-workers 514,267 60 years and above (Incl. A.N.S.) 80,840

Scheduled Castes (Largest three) Scheduled Tribes (Largest three)

1.Ganda 64,925 1.Kisan 89,802 2.Pan Pano 19,390 2.Munda etc. 56,532 3.Dewar 17,274 3.Gond etc. 55,290

eligionsReligions (Largest (Largest three)three) Amenities and infrastructural facilities 1.Hindus 873,795 Total inhabited villages 1,238 2.Christians 38,786 3.Muslims 19,438 Amenities available in villages No. of villages Drinking water facilities 1,238 Important Towns (Largest three) Safe Drinking water 1,237 Population Electricity (Power Supply) 1,037 Electricity (domestic) 718 1.Sambalpur (M) 153,643 Electricity (Agriculture) 74 2.Burla (NAC) 39,204 Primary schools 825 3.Hirakud (NAC) 26,394 Middle schools 294 Secondary/Sr Secondary schools 188 Colleges 21 House Type Medical facility 166 Primary Health Centres 32 Primary Health Sub-Centres 131 Type of house (% of households occupying) Post, telegraph and telephone facility 406 Permanent 33 Bus services 348 Semi-permanent 44.3 Paved approach road 362 Temporary 22.7 Mud approach road 1,139

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District Highlights

Ø Sambalpur is the 9th district in terms of size and 20th in terms of population. Ø Sambalpur is the 5th urbanized district in the state having about 27.12 percent of its population live in urban areas as against 14.99 percent of states' population living in urban areas. Ø In terms of population per Sq. Km., Sambalpur is 22nd densely populated district in the state . Ø Sambalpur has 19th rank in terms of sex ratio in the state. Ø There are 84 uninhabited villages in the district whereas four villages are having a population of more than 5,000 each. Ø Kalamati (PS Hqtrs) is the most populated village having 8,893 population in the district. Ø The economy of the district is mainly dependent upon cultivation. Out of 100 workers in the district 53 are engaged in agricultural sector. Ø Jamankira police station is having the highest number of villages (158) in the district and Dhanupali police station is having the lowest number of villages (4) in the district.

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