International Journal of Research and Review www.ijrrjournal.com E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237
Research Paper
Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City
Muhammad Akbar Pribadi1, Badaruddin2, Linda T. Maas2
1Postgraduate Students at University of North Sumatra, Indonesia 2Postgraduate Lecturer at University of North Sumatra, Indonesia
Corresponding Author: Muhammad Akbar Pribadi
ABSTRACT
The tittle of this research is “Analisys Of The Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community- Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City”. Activities of Go River in the management of the flood disaster based on community groups in Medan city done between the time before flood disaster, when the next, and after the disaster. The purposes of the research is to described the implementation of Community-Based Disaster Management conducted by Go River and to know disaster adaptation strategy of the community after go river began a program to Community-Based Disaster Management. In this research researchers used the qualitative method by staying tightly focused in the discovery of fakta-fakta as the actual state of things. Through research descriptive of this, writer would like describes how the disaster management the role of based on community groups that have been undertaken by by an organization in club level for Go Riverr against the priorities raised in the community flood adaptation in Deli River (River Flow Areas). The research results show that the program disaster management community-based done go river in laksnakan in three periods disaster: 1.Pre of disaster programm are “Menanam Untuk Kotaku” (plant to my city), River School , River Cleaning Programm, and Deli Reading; 2.The event of disaster (emergency response plan and built the emergency posts); 3.After of disaster (Deli River Research and Capture the Caring Group). In addition Go River also encourage adaptation the community to reduce disadvantages when of disasters, through: 1.Non technical adaption (keep a river from rubbish; valuables in a high place and away from puddle which dirty); 2. technical adaption ( making retaining walls in the river close to the residential area, make levees of sacks are contains sand, and exalt building / a house located at the river)
Keywords: Disaster-Adaption Strategy, Disaster management, Deli River.
INTRODUCTION attraction to be inhabited and utilized by Almost all countries in the world humans. Therefore, large cities and trade experience flooding problems, not least in centers and other important activities such developed countries. Flood problems have as industrial estates, tourism, transportation existed since humans began living and infrastructure and so on are mostly growing carrying out various activities in the area in and developing in this region. For example, the form of a river flood plain. Land in Japan as many as 49% of the population conditions in this area are generally fertile and 75% of the property is located in and save a variety of potentials and floodplains, which cover 10% of the land conveniences so that they have a high area; while the remaining 51% of the
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 112 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City population and only 25% of the property are devoted to various flood management outside the floodplain which covers 90% of projects in this city. During the last ten the land area years, efforts to flood have spent at least Rp. Indonesia is a country that 300 billion (Tarigan, 2015). From the experiences flooding every year, even disaster data of the Regional Disaster flooding often occur in big cities. This Management Agency (BPBD) of Medan phenomenon is a problem that must be City during 2016, the types of disasters that resolved immediately, because it has often occur are fires with 142 occurrences. become a routine of major cities in Includes residential, land and vehicle fires. Indonesia and floods that have caused many Fire occupies the first position, which is 59 losses. Based on data from the National percent of the disaster data that occurred in Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) in the city of Medan. Furthermore, there are 33 2016, there were 766 floods in 2016, 612 strong winds or tornadoes. Resulting in landslides, 669 tornadoes, 74 combinations houses damaged by strong winds and fallen of floods and landslides, 178 forest and land tree roads with a percentage of 24 percent. fires, 13 earthquakes, seven volcanic The flood disaster amounted to 11 percent eruptions, and 23 tidal waves and abrasion. with the number of 17 floods occurring in The disaster caused 522 people died and the coastal area. Another disaster is around disappeared, 3.05 million displaced and 6 percent, consisting of a collapsed bridge suffered, 69,287 houses damaged, 9,171 and a landslide which has resulted in seriously damaged, 13,077 moderately collapsed houses (Medan City Disaster damaged, 47,039 slightly damaged, and Management Agency, 2016). 2,311 damaged public facilities (National The existence of young people who Disaster Management Agency), 2017). are active in community activities is one Especially for the problem of solution to efforts to empower the flooding in the city of Medan, it seems that surrounding community. Youth with all it is inseparable from the geographical their potential is expected to be able to raise conditions of this city which indeed the level of the surrounding community traversed a number of large rivers and small through various activities carried out. One rivers along with several other tributaries. form of movement carried out by youth in The big river that divides the city of Medan tackling floods in the city of Medan is like is Belawan River, Deli River, Percut River what the Go River organization did. The Go and Kera River and Babura River. As we River organization along with dozens of know, Medan is a city where the pace of the volunteers focused activities on improving economy and other social aspects are very ecosystems and sociocultural communities rapid. Starting from the establishment of a on the banks of the Deli River. Go River in small village by a high-ranking Karo its various activities is very active in the nobleman, the city was transformed into a process of disaster management and flood municipality, center of government, disaster mitigation in Medan, especially at economy, education and so forth. With these the Deli River River. Go River actively developments, causing enormous interest provides counseling to the surrounding from residents around the city of Medan to community so as to always maintain the migrate and make a very large urbanization ecosystem around the river to prevent the so that the main concern of the city of adverse effects of flood disasters. In Medan (Piolina, 2009). addition, Go River often invites youth The problem of flooding in Medan communities and government agencies in City has now become a chronic disease and their various activities. In fact, when the an annual tradition. Actually a variety of flood occurred, Go River, which had a flood efforts have been made, and there are warning early warning system, always gave countless amounts of funds that have been early warning and participated in the
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 113 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City evacuation process of flood victims around e. River flow is not smooth due to the large the Deli River. The purpose of this research amount of garbage and buildings on the is to find out the implementation of riverbank. community-based disaster management f. Lack of land cover in upstream areas. carried out by Go River and to find out Flood Management about community disaster adaptation Floods that occur almost every year strategies after Go River implemented a must be anticipated to minimize the losses community-based disaster management caused. Mistra (2007) and BNPB (2007) program. explain that the impact of flooding can occur in several aspects, namely: (1) LITERATURE REVIEW Population Aspects, in the form of fatalities Understanding of Flood Disasters / deaths, drifting, drowning, injuries, lost Flooding is the amount of water victims, displacement, outbreaks of discharge that exceeds a certain water outbreaks and residents isolated. (2) drainage capacity, or the overflow of water Government aspects, in the form of damage flow in a riverbed or channel so that water is or loss of documents, records, equipment abundant from the left and right of the river and office supplies and disruption of the embankment or channel. In a more technical running of the government. (3) Economic interest, flooding can be referred to as a aspects, in the form of loss of livelihoods, pool of water that occurs in a location traditional market malfunction, damage, loss caused by: (1) Changes in land use in a of property, livestock and disruption of the watershed (DAS); (2) Waste disposal; (3) community's economy. (4) Infrastructure Erosion and sedimentation; (4) Slums along aspects, in the form of damage to houses, the drainage line; (5) Improper planning of bridges, roads, office buildings, social flood control systems; (6) High rainfall; (7) facilities and public facilities, electricity River physiographic / geophysical installations, drinking water and influences; (8) River capacity and communication networks. And (5) inadequate drainage; (9) Effect of tide; (10) Environmental aspects, in the form of Decrease in land and rob (inundation due to damage to ecosystems, tourism objects, rice tides); (11) Land drainage; (12) Weirs and fields / agricultural land, sources of clean water structures; and (13) Damage to flood water and damage to dikes / irrigation control buildings. (Kodoatie, 2002). networks. According to Government Disaster risk can be reduced if the Regulation No. 38 of 2011, flooding was an mitigation capacity (resilience, event of overflowing river water exceeding preparedness) of the disaster from the the riverbed. Flooding is a condition where community increases. Disaster risk is a large amount of water is flooded by an generally formulated in the equation area. Whereas flash floods are sudden R= (H*V)/C, floods caused by clogged rivers and Where: R = risk; deforestation along the river flow (Ramli, H = hazard 2010). V = vulnerability Factors Causing Floods C= capacity Here are some factors that cause flooding Theoretically R will be proportional to C according to Ramli (2010): and H, and inversely proportional to C. a. High rainfall. Definition of Disaster Management b. Ground surface is lower than sea level. Disaster management is a systematic c. Located in a basin surrounded by hills and comprehensive effort to cope with all with narrow or limited outflow of water. disaster events quickly, precisely, and d. Many settlements are built on the plains accurately to reduce the loss of life and the (banks) along the river. losses incurred (Ramli, 2010: 10). Disaster
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 114 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City management is basically a concept of b. Facing the demands of the situation disaster management. In Law No. 24 of realistically. 2007, disaster management is a series of c. Face the demands of the situation efforts which include the establishment of objectively. development policies that are at risk of d. Facing the demands of the situation disasters, disaster prevention activities, rationally. emergency response and rehabilitation. In the study of human adaptability to Disaster management can be divided into the environment, ecosystems are the whole three levels, namely at the location level, situation, where adaptability takes place or unit or regional level, and national or happens. Because the human population is corporate level. For the location level called spread in various parts of the world, the incident management at the regional level or adaptability context is very different. A unit called emergency management), and at population in a particular ecosystem adapts the national level it is called crisis to environmental conditions in specific management ways. When a population or society begins 1) Incident management: Namely disaster to adjust to a new environment, a process of management at the location or directly change will begin and may take a long time on the scene. Disaster management at to adjust.. this level is technical. Adaptation Strategy 2) Emergency management: Namely Sunil (in Hardoyo, et al., 2011) disaster management in the area that defines adaptation in environmental coordinates the location of the incident. uncertainties and disasters as the handling of This level includes strategy and tactical. unavoidable impacts in environmental 3) Crisis management: Crisis management changes. Adaptation includes adjustments in is at a higher level, namely the national attitude towards uncertain conditions. level. This level is more strategic and Adaptation is strongly influenced by certain determines policy. socio-economic and ecological conditions. Disaster Adaptation Strategy In the environmental changes that occur in Strategy coastal areas, the concept of adaptation Strategy comes from ancient Greek, refers to the strategy: (1) protection of land which means "the art of war". A strategy has areas from the ocean, so that land use can the basics or schemes to reach the intended continue; (2) accommodation, namely to target. So, basically the strategy is a tool to make adjustments to the environment; and achieve the goal. In the general Indonesian (3) a strategy to avoid or migrate, namely to dictionary, Strategy is the science of war leave coastal areas to other safer areas. strategy to achieve certain purposes. As is known that Go River is one of Adaptation the movements initiated by community In Psychology, there are several groups and the City of Medan government insights about the adaptation mechanism of as an effort in flood mitigation in the city of adaptation. Gerungan (1996) states that self- Medan based on the reconstruction of the adjustment is changing oneself in functions of the Deli River. In the accordance with the circumstances of the implementation of flood disaster environment, but also changing the management, the Go River itself refers to environment in accordance with the three classifications of disaster management conditions (self-desire). Changing yourself in the area; pre-flood, during floods, and according to the environment is passive post-disaster disaster. In the aspect of flood (autoplastic). management itself, Go River has two The objectives of the Adaptation are: strategies, namely technical and non- a. Facing the demands of the situation technical. consciously. Concept Definition
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To facilitate and be able to provide of analysis in this research is the Go River clearer directions in achieving research Organization which is located at Jl. Avros objectives, it is necessary to define No.60B, Kp. Baru, Medan Polonia, Medan conceptually the variables in this study. The City, North Sumatra. conceptual definition is: Research Informant Community-based disaster management in Qualitative descriptive research is this study is a systematic and not intended to make generalizations from comprehensive effort carried out by the Go the results of his research. Therefore, in River organization to deal with all the qualitative research there is no known Sungai Deli River Basin watersheds in a population and sample. The research fast, precise, and accurate manner to reduce subjects that have been reflected in the loss of life and the losses incurred. The focus of the study are deliberately stages of disaster management in question determined. The subject of this study are Pre-Disaster, During Disasters became an informant who would provide (Emergency Response), and Post-Disaster. various information needed during the The strategy of flood adaptation is research process, the research informants human responsive behavior towards included several types such as: (1) key environmental changes that occur. informants, namely those who knew and Responsive behavior allows them to had various basic information needed in the organize certain systems for their actions or study; (2) the main informants, namely behavior, so they can adapt to existing those who are directly involved in the social situations and conditions. In this study the interactions under study; (3) additional adaptation strategy in question is a response informants, namely those who can provide made by the Sungai Deli Watershed in information even though they are not facing flooding in the form of both technical directly involved in the social interactions and non-technical development. studied Communities are groups of people who The research subject becomes an informant gather together in one container with one who will provide various information common goal and interest. needed during the research process. Informants of this study include: MATERIALS & METHODS a. Informant The method used in this study is a Those who know and have various basic descriptive research method with a information needed in research. The key qualitative approach. research using informant in this study was the chairman of descriptive methods intends to make a the Go River. The key informants in this systematic, factual, and accurate alignment study were: of the facts and characteristics of a 1. Mr Ahadi, S.Pd, 36 years (Daily Chair particular population. then this research is of Go River). research that is directed to provide 2. Mr. Ahadi has been trusted as the daily symptoms, facts, or events systematically head of Go River since 2014 now. He and accurately about the characteristics of has been active in the environmental the population and analyze the truth based movement since 2006 before then co- on the data obtained. The location of this founded Go River with other research is in the Sungai Deli Watershed, environmental activists. which is in the area of Aur City, Medan, 3. Mr. Muhammad Azmi, 37 years old North Sumatra. The city of Medan was (founder and coach of the Go River chosen because of the frequency of flooding Organization) of the Sungai Deli Watershed, which is 4. Mr. Muhammad Azmi was the first located in the Aur Medan sub-district, person who sparked the idea of forming which lasts almost all year. While the unit the Go River. In the early days of the
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establishment of Go River operational costs came from him. His background as in the Aur village area near the a social activist focusing on riverbank to make ends meet. In collecting environmental issues and social security data researchers use several research made his desire to try to preserve the techniques as an effort to obtain and obtain Deli Sunga very high. the information needed. At this stage the Volunteers researcher will conduct interview 1. Iwan and M. Wahyu (Go River observations, as well as record documents Volunteers) that support the research process. 2. Iwan (27 years old) and M. Wahyu (26 Observation is a way of collecting data by years old) are volunteers who from the conducting direct observations of an object beginning Go River was established to in a given period and carrying out take part in the Go River activity, which systematic records of certain things is when both of them were still people. observed. The number of observation Both are graduates of the Medan periods that need to be done and the length Technology Institute (ITM) of time in each observation period depends 3. Sugiat Santoso, SE, MSP (Chair of on the type of data collected. If the North Sumatra KNPI) observation will be carried out on a number Since 2016 Sugiat has worked with Go of people, and the results of the observation River in the Deli river conservation will be used to make comparisons between program. Organizational KNPI has these people, then observations of each always been active in the activities person should be carried out in a relatively carried out by the Go River including similar situation. the Oath to Preserve the River and the When conducting this research the August 17 Ceremony at the Deli River. researchers conducted an observation in the Deli River Society Sungai Deli Watershed, which is located in a. Mr. Supardi the sub-district of Aur and Hamdan in the 30-year-old man who worked in one of the sub-district of Medan Maimun, Medan. shopping places in Medan City became a Researchers also observed when Go River resident of the Aur Village since 7 years volunteers conducted a river school program ago. He lives on the banks of the river and routine checks in the Sungai Deli River precisely in the village of Aur. Basin. b. Mrs. Indah Siregar Secondary data is data obtained not The 59-year-old woman who has lived directly from the object of research. along the river since 20 years ago is a Researchers get ready data collected by retired private plantation. Now he lives with other parties in various ways or methods his daughter-in-law, children and both commercially and non-commercially grandchildren. which can be in the form of documents, c. Mrs. Herlina magazines, journals. When conducting this The 29-year-old woman who has lived for 5 research the researcher conducted secondary years on the banks of the Deli River claimed data collection by examining the report to have familiarized herself with the floods. documents of the empowerment program Housewives with 1 child spend a lot of time carried out by Go River volunteers and on the banks of the river. Like most other related books and journals. In addition, the riverbank communities, he conducts author also saw news related to the floods washing activities, toilets, and disposes of and disaster management of Go River garbage on the river banks as well. volunteers in the mass media and online d. Mr Sayuti Lubis media. Qualitative data analysis is carried This 45-year-old man has lived in Kampung out if the empirical data obtained is Aur since birth. Everyday selling in a stall qualitative data in the form of a collection of
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 117 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City words and not a series of numbers and losses property, and psychological impact. cannot be arranged in classification Disaster is a meeting of three elements, categories / structures. Data can be collected namely disaster threats, vulnerabilities, and in a variety of ways (observation, interview, capabilities triggered by an event. Pre- document digest, tape) and is usually disaster management duration of time from processed first before being ready for use before the disaster occurs to the stage of (through recording, typing, editing, or attack or impact. writing), but qualitative analysis still uses This stage is seen by experts as a very words that usually arranged into expanded strategic stage because at the pre-disaster text, and do not use mathematical or stage the community needs to be trained in statistical calculations as an analytical tool. responding to disasters that will be Data analysis techniques used in qualitative encountered later. The training given to research include transcripts of interviews, officers and the community will greatly data reduction, analysis, data interpretation affect the large number of victims during an and triangulation. From the results of data impact disaster, early warning is introduced analysis, conclusions can then be drawn. to the community in the pre-disaster stage. "Planting for My City" Program RESULT A series of activities to Community Based Disaster Management commemorate National Awakening Day, Program by Go River Deli River Lovers Community, Go River in The community is a collection of collaboration with Indonesian Green individuals who have likes, hobbies or a Culture, USU Nature Lovers Biology and love of the same thing without the task of Environmental Studies (BIOPALAS), division of tasks towards these individuals. Youth AL-Huda Helvetia and Medan City In the field of Anthropology, communities Sanitation and Landscaping Service in are often referred to as social organizations, cleaning the Deli River and plant trees in the which mean the existence of a bond of river of the Deli River. This activity was solidarity between individuals, which is carried out with residents of Sukaraja usually determined by similarities which Village. This activity was carried out right include similarities in terms of feelings, under the Delta Juanda bridge, Medan. This customs, languages, social norms, and ways activity is held on Sunday 21 May 2017. of life together which is generally called Communities around the middle and lower community sentiment. reaches of the Deli river such as Medan Until 2017, Go River has implemented Tuntungan Subdistrict, Medan Sunggal, various programs both technical and non- Medan Marelan, Medan Labuhan etc. technical in order to realize the mostly only use the Deli river for bathing, sustainability of Deli River. The program washing, toilet (MCK) activities where the includes: area is an industrial area that produces a lot Pre-disaster of industrial waste. Some of them are Pb According to the Big Indonesian heavy metal waste which of course has a Dictionary, disasters mean something that negative impact on the health of the causes or causes distress, loss or suffering. community. Whereas natural disasters mean natural Pollution of the waters of the Deli disasters (Purwadarminta, 2006). According and Belawan Rivers is caused by industrial to Law No.24 of 2007, disasters are events activities, residential environments, markets, or series of events that threaten and disrupt hospitals and various other activities along the lives and livelihoods of people caused the river. Seventy percent of pollution along by natural factors and / or non-natural the Deli River includes solid and liquid factors and human factors resulting in waste from domestic activities. Solid human casualties, environmental damage, domestic waste or garbage produced in
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Medan City is 1,235 tons / day. The liquid as usual. Many locations I saw were eroded waste that contributes to pollution to Sungai due to erosion. So with this tree planting Deli comes from 24 types of medium scale activity, this natural water retainer will industries and 40 small industrial scales, 4 work optimally in the future and of course hotels and 1 hospital. Based on data from hopefully people will realize the importance the Bapedalda of North Sumatra Province of the river. Don't just complain about the (2007) in (Panjaitan, 2009) related to the people if they are flooded, but planting trees Report on the Regional Environmental doesn't want to, throwing trash still into the Status of North Sumatra Province in 2003, river. Nature and humans must respect each there were 57 industries located along the other. This activity is the form ... " Deli river and 22 along the Belawan river. Planting activities for my city These types of industries include cooking throughout October to November 2017 have oil processing, metal processing, plastic managed to plant 300 mahogany trees and factories, gluing plywood, textiles, paints, 1000 mangrove trees along the Deli River. dry batteries, dolomite fertilizers, metal The tree seedlings are donations from coatings and others. Data from several community groups and the Medan Bapeldaldasu (2007) shows that the womb City government itself. Together the Cu heavy metals in the Deli River government and the Go River together with flow range from 0.006-0.01 mg / l and Pb the communities in it planted the seeds in 0.01 mg / liter. stages. The planting started from Avros pier This phenomenon drives the Go River to and continued towards the Medan Johor help balance the Deli River ecosystem by District area. Right on November 19, 2017 planting trees around the river. Not only this activity has succeeded in planting all that, the aim of this program is to campaign the seeds from the donation. to the public that many people still care about the existence of the Deli River. Therefore, people who live and live around the river should also look after them. This was confirmed by Wawan who is a Go River volunteer: "... just look if we see the corners of the people's houses there must be garbage in bahwahnya. Whether it's their garbage or rubbish that is washed away from other areas, the existence of the garbage is proof Figure 1: M. Husni, Head of the Medan City Parks and Cleanliness Service Conducts Tree Planting in the Deli River that our society's habit no longer places the Area river as an aspect of life that must be respected. By planting trees in their When this activity was carried out it environment (residents) at least we have also received the attention of the community shown to the community that there are still along the Deli River. It appears that some people who are willing to take care of the people came with sickles and hoes to help Deli River and that the people should also clean the grounds behind their houses with follow it ... " the tools they had. Not infrequently the The same thing was also conveyed by M. community also participated in the tree Wahyu as the Go River Volunteer as planting activities. Until November 1300 the follows: tree seedlings had succeeded along the Deli "... it must be admitted, not many containers River along the 28 km. This activity will like this (Go River) can be found in Medan continue to be encouraged until all City. A place for people who are dirty-dirty riverbanks can be planted. Because Sungai to contribute to returning River Deli's face Deli is in 3 different administrative regions,
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Go River will also try to coordinate with the The expectations conveyed by the local government so that the program participants became a separate reference for "planting for my city" can run continuously. the Go River community to be more active Go River through this activity hopes that and work hard to restore Sungai Deli as within the next ten to fifteen years Sungai usual. River school activities were not only Deli will return to the beautiful trees. provided by volunteers but participants were Go River River Institution School invited directly to review the condition of The river school program is a result the Deli River using Go River's LSR type of the initiation of out-of-school education boat. The same thing was also conveyed by that has been promoted by several the daily chairman of Go River, Mr. Ahadi, educational institutions in Indonesia. In this S.Pd: context Go River collaborated with various "... the easiest thing to convey information schools in the city of Medan to participate in about social actions like this is young a series of activities at Sungai Deli. people. I have to admit that the river school The activities are held at the Avors is very effective if it is used to campaign for Educational Park, which is the current Go Sungai Deli to the community. It must be River base camp. At the base camp admitted that these young people are the participants will be given education about trend holders among the people, this is the history, function and potential of the because they (young people) are a Deli river for the city of Medan. in this generation who is tech savvy. So my friends activity, participants will be divided into and I also aggressively collaborated with several groups (according to the total various schools or with administrators of number of participants) where each group scout activities at the school. It's a shame if will be 15-20 people. such activities (Scouts) are only filled with games and rigging materials, even though there are big things we can do with the group such as promoting their awareness of the ecosystem of the Deli river. Regarding our costs also do not set prices, participants are only required to pay for lunch. Only that, the others are self-reliant, we are responsible for it. Because we hope this campaign can be carried out effectively, that's all ... "
Figure 2: Submission of the Go River Institute River School The Go River river school activities Material are held at Avros pier. At the dock, the manager has provided a location with a stair The material to be given is usually model as a seat that directly leads to the like river identifiers and their parts, the Deli river. In this activity the Go River as an importance of rivers for human life and how organizer will provide a series of material to preserve the environment. In the river for river school participants which includes school, Go River invited participants to be the history, function, and potential of the actively involved in campaigning and Deli river if managed well in the future. introducing the Sungai Deli tourism River school activities are not only ecosystem to the wider community by material, after the materials have been providing feature writing training. In this provided, by using a fleet owned, Go River feature writing participants will write down will invite river school participants to go their observations and views on Sungai Deli along every corner of the Deli river. There as long as the participants see the Deli River were three groups of people who routinely at that time and the participants' participated in this activity, namely the expectations towards Sungai Deli. International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 120 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City
Indonesian National Youth Committee Educational Park. The Youth Oath (KNPI) of North Sumatra, Medan 16th Commemoration app was filled with various Middle School (SMP), Medan activities such as the musical monologue of Dharmawangsa High School, Nurul Huda youth oath, distribution of plastic garbage Mosque Youth. bags, and walking down the Deli River by Swear to preserve the river rubber boat. In the apple together, all As Mr. Ahadi said earlier, targeting elements of the youth from the community youth groups is the main target of the Go vowed that they would always care to clean River. These groups are expected to become and maintain the Deli River whose patrons in their daily lives in the community condition is now increasingly concerned. and then carry out campaigns that are This activity was also attended by the carried out by Go River. This river school Deputy Mayor of Medan, Akhyar Nasution. activity also received serious attention by the groups involved. One of them is Sugiat Santoso who is the chairman of the North Sumatra KNPI. The following are the results of the interview with him: "... I did not expect Avros Educational Park to have a movement that was so great for the sustainability of the Deli river. They (Go River) are very consistent in implementing this program. Deli River is a big river because it controls almost all the livelihoods of the residents of Medan and the other two Figure 3: Oath Activities to Preserve the Go River River with the North Sumatra KNPI DPD regions (Karo and Binjai Regencies), so that it is very natural if the Deli river is In addition to working together with getting serious attention at this time. As a the North Sumatra DPD KNPI, Go River youth group we are also obliged to also worked with teenagers at Nurul Huda participate in this campaign. So officially I Sungai Deli mosque, Go River with will also make a memorandum of teenagers at Nurul Huda mosque to hold understanding that the North Sumatra KNPI Sungai Sekolah activities, at Avros Pier, will join Go River in campaigning for the Avros Street, Medan. This activity was held Deli River ... " on February 26, 2017. This river school This joint activity with the North activity was carried out by teenagers at the Sumatra DPD KNPI was named "Swear Nurul Huda Helvetia Mosque in Medan. In Clean the River". This activity is a this activity there were 25 youth teenagers collaboration between Go River and the in Al Huda Mosque. This activity was Indonesian National Youth Committee carried out to provide education and (KNPI) of North Sumatra. This activity was understanding of maintaining the River Deli held to commemorate Youth Oath Day and training in cohesiveness in organization. which fell on 28 October. This activity The presentation given by the Al Huda cleared the Deli River on 28 October 2016. Mosque adolescents was more profound This activity was held at Avros Educational than the material given to school children Park. The activity of swearing to clean the because the teenagers of this mosque on river between the Go River community and average had gone to college and worked. the KNPI conducted a cooperative The material begins with introducing relationship or synergy in cleaning the Deli river ecosystems, introducing the ecosystem River and vowed to maintain the river. of a river, such as good river flow, light, This activity was the first to do with temperature, flora, fish, invetebrates, and the Youth Oath Commemoration in Avros others. The material giver carried out by Go
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River volunteers themselves said to guard the river, especially Sungai Deli, from upstream to downstream by not dumping garbage into the river flow. In this activity, it was also conveyed to restore Sungai Deli to not only one group but to more than one person, even more whose aim was to work together to conserve the Deli River. The involvement of the school and the youth group became a passion for Go River administrators. The activities that Figure 4: Reading garden atmosphere filled with children around the Deli River have been carried out by Go River turned out to get tremendous sympathy from the Children as the next generation of wider community. The kampenye strategy the nation, need to get certainty to grow with the nuances of learning by doing optimal growth. Likewise children living on turned out to be able to reach out to young the banks of the river Deli. River Deli people with maxima. However, Go River is Reading is the main program of Go River aware that limited resources are still an since 14 November 2015. River Deli obstacle to the current campaign. This was reading is done every Saturday afternoon. confirmed by Mr. Azmi: Activities Sungai Deli read this was done in "... the enthusiasm of the people sometimes Kampung Aur with the children at we cannot serve all because of our current Kampung Aur, of course. Go River limitations. In terms of education, we only volunteers will bring books they have and have one location, namely a dock that can usually they get from people who donating only accommodate fifty people. Moreover, books to them or buying their own books. the implementation of education will not be They bring these books with the LSR boat maximized. Not to mention the boat for river owned by Go River. The Sungai Deli flow. Only able to serve 35 people. So for activity reads what was done in this Aur now a routine program that has taken place Village making children in Kampung Aur with several agencies (KNPI, happy and feeling enthusiastic. When they Dharmawangsa High School, Medan still saw from far away the arrival of Go's Middle N 16, and adolescents of Al Huda LSR boat Mosque) is optimized. Although we also do River they immediately felt pleasure not close the door for all other community and hurriedly called their friends to witness groups to participate in our series of the arrival of the Go River team. Seeing the activities in maintaining and managing the pleasure makes Go River a pleasure because Deli River ... " this activity has its own benefits and At present the limitations of satisfaction for children there. supporting facilities are still an obstacle for Usually they are placed somewhere Go River in creating educational campaigns. and will be lined up with books ranging Activities carried out in the Avros from textbooks to story books and children Educational Park area can only be enjoyed there will be free to choose books that they by a limited circle of people, given the like. Usually Go River volunteers will lead limited facilities and infrastructure that Go them and teach them how to read if there are River currently has. children who have not been able to read or Deli Reading River (Children's Reading tell them stories. This activity is carried out Park) only for 2 hours and is done once a week on Saturday afternoons if river water is possible because to bring books to use boats. If the condition of the river water
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 122 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City again rises and strong currents are not According to the Go River data, the worst possible for the team to carry out these location if the Deli River overflows is activities. Kelurahan Sei Mati. In the kelurahan, floods The location of River Deli reads this often claimed lives on Sunday, March 3, plan will be carried out in Sukaraja just 2012 where two children were victims under the Delta Juanda Bridge. The Sungai during the incident. At that time the related Deli reading activity is not only focused on institution, namely the Regional Disaster one riverbank location but this community Management Agency (BPBD), could only will take turns doing this activity. Possibly go down to the scene of the incident to help this activity will be carried out in Sukaraja evacuate the population. This makes Go just under the bridge in Delta, Juanda, but River establish a post in the Avros this community again makes a more Education Park area as part of preparedness comfortable place for these children when to help the community if a flood strikes the carrying out the reading process because the population. The Go River program in the place is empty land which is very event of a flood until the emergency unfortunate if not utilized. response period is as follows: Some of the land has been cleared Emergency Response Plan (ERP) and planted with tree seeds and part of the Training activities are related to area is made for children there. The efforts to increase knowledge, attitudes and existence of children there is quite a lot, community skills in urban waste they often do activities there such as management. Emergency Response Plan swimming, fishing every afternoon with this (ERP) or better known as Disaster reading activity can add to their activities Emergency Response was introduced by Go and get their own knowledge for them. River Camp in Avros Educational Park to This activity certainly made them community groups in the Sungai Deli feel happy and surely they were very active watershed alternately. as evidenced by several times when carrying With makeshift tools, Go River tries to out cleaning activities the children there provide an understanding through the ERP were involved and they were very happy method when flood disasters hit the Deli with the condition of the boat as well. River. The participants will be faced with This program aims to improve the the conditions simulated in the Deli River literacy culture of children in particular river area. One of the tools used by participants in literacy. The expected results are children ERP is a life jacket or life jacket that able to maintain clean the river by not functions when we are in the water. The throwing garbage into the river. This purpose of this training is to properly program too helps them get to know the understand the various things related to ERP river ecosystem. This program has a as a system that is always needed and positive impact on children who are on the applied in an emergency so that control can riverbank in filling their free time every be carried out quickly and precisely. afternoon. When a disaster occurs (emergency response) The emergency response is a series of activities carried out immediately at the time of the disaster to deal with the adverse impacts, which include the process of searching, rescuing and evacuating victims, fulfilling basic needs, protecting, managing refugees, and restoring facilities and infrastructure. Figure 5: Implementation of an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) in the Deli River Region
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Go River in implementing the about greening the environment and the Emergency Response Plan (ERP) did not preservation of river water by removing only involve the community living in the garbage in the river, MCK (Bathing, Sungai Deli watershed but also the various Washing, Toilets) carried out in rivers is a communities in the city of Medan. This was bad habit that damages the quality of river confirmed by Mr. Ahadi, S.Pd: water and also worsens flooding, due to "... we must admit that the flood disaster due garbage -The dumped waste will to the overflow of the Deli River was not accumulate at the bottom of the river which only a disaster for residents living in the causes the river to become shallow. watershed, but all residents living in this An emergency plan is a formal written plan, city (Medan City). So for the Emergency which is based on the potential for accidents Response Plan we have to give the mate to that can occur in the plant and the anyone who wants it. Including other consequences that can be felt inside and community groups that care about disasters outside the workplace and how an ... " emergency should be dealt with This was also confirmed by Ninik immediately. A response plan the who was a participant in the Emergency emergency department is concentrated on Response Plan (ERP) held by Go River; actions to be taken in the first few hours in a "... at first I was afraid to jump directly into crisis the river. But after entering I was taught to Establishing Disaster Response Posts calm down and control myself in the face of At present the Go River already has disaster. This activity is very useful for us as 5 rowboats and 1 motorboat. The six fleets participants. Even though there are no can be used by BPBD officers and Go River disasters every day but at least I and my volunteers who are trained to participate in friends can understand how to overcome helping evacuate residents. Disaster them. And maybe we can all provide management in the emergency response assistance when the disaster comes later ... period when there was a flood in the Deli " River basin (DAS) by Go River is still The concept of participation can be inadequate because it is still limited in terms interpreted as a tool to develop themselves of facilities and infrastructure. as well as the ultimate goal. Both are one entity and in reality often present at the same time even though the status, strategy and approach to methodology are different. Participation will lead to a sense of self- worth and personal ability to be able to participate in important decisions concerning the community. Participation also produces empowerment, where each person has the right to express opinions in Figure 6: Go River Fleet Prepared to Help Communities making decisions concerning his life. Experiencing Flood Disasters Go River With the education provided by the Go River, people have knowledge about the Realizing that currently the signs of the flood. This is certainly a good government is related in this case BPBD has thing, with the knowledge that is owned by limited resources. Moreover, flooding that the community can quickly take action in happened on the Deli River sometimes came preparing themselves and reduce the risk of suddenly. Go River as one of the flooding. The author sees that the community groups who are present in the unconsciousness of the community, midst of the community is always active in especially those located along the river providing assistance to both workers and
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 124 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City infrastructure who are always ready to Reconstruction is the rebuilding of provide assistance to flood victims. In all facilities and infrastructure as well as addition to alerting the evacuation fleet, Go institutions in post-disaster areas, both at the River will also set up public kitchens to help government and community levels with the people meet food needs during the flood main goal of growing and developing disaster. This is as stated by M. Wahyu as a economic, social and cultural activities, Go River volunteer: upholding law and order, and the rise of "... the flooding in Medan is very difficult to community participation in all aspects of predict, sometimes it comes suddenly, so we community life ( Ramli, 2010). must remain alert. If it's been flooded, we The impact of the floods caused by will definitely go from the Go River, usually the overflowing of the Deli River often the first time we jump in, amidst the flood results in the destruction and destruction of victims. We distribute food and even community-owned facilities. Psychological sometimes we make soup kitchens in the and material impacts will not be completed office ... " when the flood recedes. In the period of During the flood, Go River will be 2012 to 2015 the North Sumatra BPBD under the coordination of the BPBD in noted that floods caused by the overflow of providing assistance. This is done so that the the Deli River had damaged at least 3458 search, rescue and evacuation of victims, residents' houses and more than 127 public fulfillment of basic needs, protection, facilities. However, with the repeated management of refugees, and restoration of occurrence of flooding on the Deli River, it facilities and infrastructure can be carried does not make people intend to live in other out systematically. When the Go River regions. therefore, the community will begin flood occurred, it also affected the people to to build their lives after their homes are save themselves and valuable and important damaged. Usually the city government property, namely by collecting electronic assisted by the TNI, POLRI and BPBD items at a higher place, saving valuables. itself will work together to help the Adaptation strategies carried out in the community to rehabilitate and reconstruct community after natural disasters can be various aspects damaged by the disaster. done with appropriate natural disaster Recovery management (post- management, so that people can be active disaster) is the regulation of disaster again after natural disasters. The magnitude management efforts with emphasis on of the potential threat of natural disasters factors that can restore the condition of the that can threaten and influence the social community and the environment affected by and economic life of the Indonesian people the disaster by re-functioning of institutions, at any time and to minimize the risk of infrastructure, and facilities in a planned, future events, needs to be addressed by coordinated, integrated and comprehensive increasing capacity in handling and manner after the disaster -fasenyanya reducing disaster risk both at the namely: Government and community level. a) Rehabilitation is the improvement and Post-disaster. restoration of all aspects of public or There are several aspects that must community services to an adequate level in be done in post-disaster activities, namely post-disaster areas with the main goal being rehabilitation and reconstruction activities. normalization or the proper functioning of Rehabilitation is the repair and recovery of all aspects of government and community all aspects of public or community services life in post-disaster areas. to an adequate level in post-disaster areas b) Reconstruction is the rebuilding of all with the main goal being normalization or infrastructure and facilities, institutions in the proper functioning of all aspects of the post-disaster area, both at the government and community life. government and community level with the
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 125 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City main goal of growing and developing implementing its program is social factors. economic, social and cultural activities, many families living on the banks of the upholding law and order, and the rise of Deli River are residents who have lived community participation in all aspects of there for more than two generations. Flood community life in the post-disaster area. is one that cannot be separated by their Some programs that are designed are: lives. Substitution of regional heads does River Deli Research not necessarily give a change to the river Go River in carrying out research in condition of Deli. This is as expressed by collaboration with several organizations. Mr. Sopyan: One of them is research initiated by the "... I think they are used to it here. Just Department of Anthropology, Faculty of imagine, every year there must have been a Social and Political Sciences, University of house inundated, in fact no one complained North Sumatra. This activity was carried out then moved. The severity of people here by USU's Anthropology Faculty of Social does not care about their environment. Sciences in Visual Anthropology. In this Bathe, wash, defecate, and throw garbage activity anthropology students chose the into one here (pointing at the river corner of Deli River area as a place to conduct Deli). Then how do you want it to flood. Ask research. In this activity Go River was people here, how many have saptitank, trusted as a partner in conducting research. almost all of them defecate directly into the This research carries the concept of Live In river. Nearly 72 years of independence in Research. Go River provided material to Indonesia, the Deli river was totally anthropological students regarding the untouched. Even though this river is a existence of the Sungai Deli and they also source of water for the people of Medan. followed the Deli River and after that they Not to mention its existence which is very made a description of the Deli River. In this potential to be used as a transportation activity anthropology students also route ... " interacted directly with the communities The custom of the Deli riverbank that were in Deli River Suburbs located in community throws garbage in the river Sukaraja, Burung Beach, Kampung Aur, resulting in a riverbank filled with garbage. and Kampung Badur. According to Go River data, there are 50 The results of the research that have points of garbage that can be found in the been carried out will be printed and Medan City area. Most of the garbage is submitted to stakeholders including the household waste that is disposed of by the government in which it is one of the surrounding population. In addition, the government's references in the formation of habit of residents defecating on the river various regulations relating to the Sungai exacerbates the condition of the Deli river. Deli watershed as well as communities Most of the people of the river Deli defecate living in the vicinity of the Deli River directly on the river. As for residents who Basin. have private toilets direct their disposal to With various limitations, the the river. program carried out by Go River must be carried out in stages. In recent years, the program run by Go River has been focused on the Aur village area, Medan Maimun District. The Kampung Aur area is known to the people of Medan as a densely populated riverbank area. During implementing the program in the Kampung Aur area, there were several obstacles experienced by Go
River. First, the obstacle of Go River in Figure 7: Waste Stacks and Household Disposal Pipes
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When the flow of water rises, the River. There are many groups, each of garbage will be carried away and sometimes which has its own focus, including the Deli it will be involved in several places such as River Child Care Community bridges that have poles or pipes that are on (KOPASUDE), Public Participation for the riverbank. This then makes the flow of Women's and Children's Welfare (PUSPA). water not smooth. When the rain occurs, the This is in line with the fragment of the Deli River will experience a rapid increase interview of Mr. Ahadi, the daily head of in volume at some points due to the rate of Go River: water being held back by rubbish piles "... we can see for ourselves now how the along the river flow. The amount of waste is River Deli banks are. Just now I saw a also a barrier from this community when community group ngelem (inhaling goat doing river flow, which is cleaning the river brand glue) on the riverbank. What we can because the Go River Community is active do. It's useless when we preserve the using LSR boats. environment without building people. They are the closest to this river. They also become the front guard in maintaining this river. So we invite other communities, we are fixing them together. Those who can teach, teach, who can farm, let's plant it ... " Collaboration between KOPASUDE, PUSPA, and Go River finally succeeded in penetrating community bases living on the banks of the Deli River. Through this activity PUSPA built a homestay as a place for children on the Figure 8: One of the Boat Fleets Owned by Go River banks of the Deli River to learn and avoid violence. PUSPA provides additional LSR boats are the indices of this tutoring for elementary and middle school Community. Some River Deli Care age children regularly. KOPASUDE itself in Communities, the Go River Community that this collaboration program formed a has complete tools ranging from learning studio intended for children who transportation and cleaning equipment. At wished to take part in the training in present, the Go River Community has 2 recycling non-organic waste commonly transportation equipment, namely the LSR found along the Deli River. In addition, type engine boat and the rubber boat that KOPASUDE also formed a reading studio still uses paddles. Boats that are often used dedicated to children on the banks of the by this community for river and river Deli River. Go River itself as one of the cleaning are LSR type boat engines. The partners in charge of helping prepare boat owned by the Go River Community is various needs and is always willing if not given or donated from certain parties but involved in various programs. One program from a volunteer and coach in the Go River that was recently conducted with STIPAP- Community, Mr. Azmi. He bought the boats LPP. STIPAP-LPP is one of the higher to make it easier for this community or other education institutions in agriculture. On this communities who want to join them to clean occasion Kopasude with several students the river. from STIPAP-LPP Medan carried out Collaboration between Community Care greening around the banks of the river by for Deli River. planting trees from their own tree seeds. The Go River along Go River is not the STIPAP-LPP Medan student immediately only community action group that cares reviewed the location from the outskirts of about the current condition of the Deli
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 127 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City the Deli River. They have stayed for 3 days river. Will not meet the sustainability, bang. and 2 nights to take part in this activity. So with KOPASUDE and PUSPA, we are The theme of this activity is "Green trying to get into the pulse of the people Steps Restore City Breath". This goal itself through children ... " is done to beautify the city area, especially on the banks of the river. In this activity the This was confirmed by Intan, PUSPA STIPAP-LPP Medan students immediately volunteer for Sungai Deli: planted tree seedlings that they had prepared and were assisted by several Go River "... I see it is very complex, from drugs to volunteers. Medan STIPAP-LPP students trivial reasons for littering. Every house not only planted trees for viewing steps but must throw trash behind his house, every they also interacted with communities child must be familiar with drugs. So around the banks of the Deli River. This KOPASUDE, Go River, and PUSPA situation is very helpful from the collaborate to strengthen each other with KOPASUDE Program itself in preserving their respective flagship programs ... " the river area by doing greening around the Some activities involving Go River, banks of the river. KOPASUDE hopes that KOPASUDE, and PUSPA are in the collaboration carried out by the commemoration of the 2nd Kopasude STIPAP-LPP Medan students can take place anniversary, Kopasude held a general again to treat the riverside area. This was discussion with the theme "Management of stated by one of the Go River volunteers, Deli River Towards Medan Ecotourism". Fati, who said that: The discussion held at Ahmad Yani Park, "... we must understand that the Sungai Deli Imam Bonjol Street, Medan also attended problem is now very complex. Not only can Syaiful Anwar, S.Pd, MA, Ilhamsyah we preserve nature, but on the other hand (Medan City Environment Agency), and the habit of the people is still positioned to H.T Bahrumsyah, SH as chairman of the not respect the river. It's like this, we clean Medan City DPRD commission B as the the river, people still throw garbage into the speaker.
Figure 9: Documentation of Go River Joint Activities, KOPASUDE, and PUSPA
Go River in the series of events gave an front yard of the house must be a community explanation about Sungai Deli. The trying to preserve it. presentation given by the Go River In this activity, the Go River and community is the same as the results of the Kopasude communities shared activities presentation presented by Syiful Anwar, ranging from sowing 800 fish seeds, Ilhamsyahm and Bahrumsyah who say that planting trees, coloring competitions at the historically the Deli River has historically elementary-junior high school level, the been a Medan ecotourism. Deli River is time Handy Craft competition at the general to be used as the front yard of people's level. This activity was carried out starting homes in the city of Medan by making the on Saturday and Sunday precisely on 1-2 April 2017.
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On this occasion Go River fact only thinks about how to deal with collaborated with KOPASUDE by planting floods that hit without thinking about how trees around the Deli River and cleaning the to prevent it. The Go River disaster Deli River by using a rubber boat owned by mitigation concept is very far from the Go River. Tree planters carried out by concept of adaptation that is owned by the sticking out writings for hope in the Deli community. Nevertheless, Go River River. This activity itself is carried out continues to strive for good adaptation of together so that good relations between the community around the River Deli to communities are established and there is a minimize losses during a disaster. sense of tolerance between communities and 1. Non-Technical Adaptation (No so that the dreams for Sungai Deli are more Physical Change) sustainable in the future. a. Keeping the River from Trash Community Disaster Adaptation Strategy Various ways and actions taken by in Sungai Deli Watershed Go River and the people in Kampung Aur, Go River as an organization that especially for residents who live right on the cares about the preservation of Deli River banks of the river. One form of activity that also helped empower communities around is included in the agenda of routine the Sungai Deli Watershed, especially in the community activities is changing the habit Aur Sub-District. The Go River program is of throwing garbage into the river. There is recognized as not running maximally a way done indirectly by installing banners because there are still many people who are and warning signs not to throw garbage in indifferent to the preservation of the Deli the river. river. The banner was installed on the side Based on the facts in the field, the of the river which was easily seen by the Medan City Government in 2010 had community when standing on the riverbank, planned to establish a Rusunawa in the goal was when people were about to Kampung Aur, meaning that all houses throw garbage into the river and see the included in the Kampung Aur area would be banner, there was a feeling of reluctance and torn down and replaced with Rusunawa. confining the intention to throw garbage The aim was to abolish the slums in Aur into the river. This is as stated by Mr. Ahadi Village and help the people not to become as follows: victims of flooding due to overflowing from "... in a place where the dumping site is the Deli River again. usually smashed into our river and the According to the results of the study community often uses warning banners and Elvana Febrianti (2015) revealed that the signposts to not throw samoah into the people who were in the research location river. But it is difficult because the people (Sungai Deli watershed) preferred to stay, throw garbage from the bridge and usually and assumed that flooding was a condition it is not the people around here ... " that they had to go through, and they would So far, Go River can only conduct survive. The adaptation strategy of people counseling and provide suggestions who are victims of flooding is by physical regarding the impact that will be caused if or structural development. The assistance the behavior of disposing of garbage is not provided by the government is not evenly immediately stopped One of the factors that distributed to the community. Assistance caused the community to throw garbage into provided in the form of food, medicines, the Deli River Basin was the unavailability blankets. of garbage disposal bins and the The adaptation style to the disaster unwillingness of garbage trucks to pick up in practice does not provide a significant the garbage in the environment. Everyday contribution to the improvement of the Deli behavior of the people still utilizing the River Basin watershed. The community in
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 129 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City river waste disposal must be taken seriously Communities that do not have by the government. terraced houses, adapt to entrusting items b. Valuables placed in a high place that can still be carried in neighboring homes or relatives that are not submerged by floods. Not to forget, the urban community of Aur entrusts valuable items such as jewelry, money and important letters to relatives, because when the flood is possible the people must evacuate and leave their homes, this opportunity can be exploited by people who have bad intentions to steal. a. Steer clear of dirty flood pools Settling on the banks of the Deli River is utilized by the people of the Figure 10. One of the houses of the community around the Deli Kampung Aur Deli river as a place for river bathing, washing, latrines in general. Even Flood disasters are known as though all the houses in this neighborhood disasters that can create material losses to have proper bathrooms to use and the society. Technically, it needs a precise availability of PAM water is sufficient, such strategy to prevent the huge losses incurred activities have become a habit and have by this annual 'guest'. At a minimum, so that been passed down for generations. But they the amount is not as severe as in previous only do it in the river and a little away from years. Floods generally hit low-lying areas. the flooded water. As stated by one of the Therefore, residents living in these informants, Mr. Supardi, the researcher met settlements must have preparation before at Kampung Aur: the floods arrive. Aur Village people goods "... If we are used to bathing in the river, to a safe place when the rainy season has washing clothes, washing dishes, there are entered a high intensity. As stated by a also those who defecate. I don't know why, resident, namely Indah Siregar: we don't feel disgusted or dirty, since we were kids, we used to take a shower and "... We can always move the items, defecate in the river. It's like getting used to especially the valuable ones to the attic or it. If you are in the river, you can do it, you to the second floor of the house or if not, can while chatting with other mothers. bring what can be taken to the front mosque children are also crowded, many swim. It's or to a safe place. Sometimes the flood here different if you take a shower in your own comes suddenly and is not unexpected. So bathroom ... " when you hear the warning about a flood, The community will feed on a pool the goods are immediately lifted and they of flood water due to fear of skin diseases. have also been plucked in the place of the Fungi and bacterial infections are the most brothers ... " common cause of skin diseases, especially That was also confirmed by Mr. Sayuti during floods. One of the most common Lubis as follows: effects is bacterial infections such as sores. "... If you have heard the flood warning, This disease affects many children who surely we will quickly save the precious usually like to play water. This was material, we don't know the flood that will conveyed by Herlina's mother: come to the high places, but we are just "...... Many of us who feel itchy when floods prepared to be safer, and it is done almost come, because the water is a lot of trash all around the river. ... " that follows too, especially if it just arrives, the smell until it really does smell, but if it's
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 130 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City with the flow of the river, it's used to potential of Medan City water tourism shower, wash clothes and other activities because the community together with ...... " PNPM facilitator Team 10 had mobilized Handling of skin diseases is important when self-help and established channeling for floods occur. Skin disease is one of the various parties. diseases that cannot be avoided when floods b. Membuat Tanggul dari Karung yang come. The situation of settlers submerged in berisi pasir floods with humid weather conditions and The Aur village community whose the difficulty of providing clean water house on the riverbank is accustomed to creates conditions for people who are facing sudden flooding. Their decision to afflicted with skin diseases that cannot be elevate residential buildings was intended to avoided. protect property and valuables from damage a. Making Environmental Physical caused by floods. With the elevation of the Changes to Human Life house, the loss of community property due Making Retaining Walls in River Lips to flooding in the Aur village can be that are close to Population Settlements minimized. However, not all communities The flood that occurred in Aur Village was have sufficient economic capacity to elevate not a flood that happened only once or their homes. There are also people whose twice. But already subscribed every year. It houses are only one floor and crossing the even happened for a full week. With such river lip which makes them surrender when conditions make the community have a way floods occur in the Aur village. and action to overcome the problems caused The Aur village community who are by the flood, an adaptation that is in accustomed to facing flooding, especially accordance with the local culture that is those on the riverbank, always make a owned by the community in Kampung Aur. power outage before leaving their On the banks of the Deli Watershed, settlements when the floods arrive. Kampung Aur was built and inaugurated a Awareness of the importance of making a 36 m long retaining wall in 2012, in the power outage during a flood disaster. The activities of the National Independent Urban riverbank community is aware that the Community Empowerment Program electric current when the floods come is not (PNPMMP) which was guided by the only endangering their families but all the Community Self-Help Agency (BKM Aur surrounding communities. Unite) Team 10 Coordination 1 city of c. Elevate the house building located on Medan. the river bank
Figure 12: Adapting to flooding by elevating the building of his house Figure 11: Wall of the River Water Buffer Embankment
The activity became a pilot project in In general, houses located on the Medan Maimun Sub-District which has the banks of the river are the most frequently and severely affected by floods in the Aur
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 131 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City village. The riverbank community, which bridges, roads, office buildings, social mostly builds their houses on two levels and facilities and public facilities, electricity some people whose houses are located right installations, drinking water and on the riverbank, have also tried to raise communication networks. And (5) buildings so that they can reduce the Environmental aspects, in the form of consequences of the floods. On average, damage to ecosystems, tourism objects, rice houses located on the banks of the river fields / agricultural land, sources of clean already have a second floor as a shelter water and damage to dikes / irrigation when floods hit. One resident of Indah networks. Siregar stated: Community-based disaster "... We intentionally elevate our house from management (community-based disaster the ground and even make it multi-storey, so management) according to Paripurno (2006) that the water rises slightly and doesn't is an approach that encourages grassroots immediately go home. In addition, if it communities to manage disaster risk at the comes to flooding, we can immediately raise local level. These efforts require a series of valuables upstairs. Adek imagine that if efforts which include carrying out self- suddenly the flood comes in at night, if we interpretation of the threats and disaster are not ready, we can use up the assets and risks they face, reducing and monitoring and goods we have. The point is that if we have evaluating their own performance in efforts more money we choose to elevate the house to reduce disasters (General Guidelines for rather than move from here ... " Social Protection for Victims of Natural In addition, the adaptation made by the Disasters, 2012). community to avoid casualties when the As a Community that focuses on the floods come is by erecting houses into two management of flood disasters caused by levels. For them it is easier to go up to the Sungai Deli, the Go River is then filled by second floor than to go up the road. In individuals who have a focus on these two addition to avoiding their lost belongings, things. As previously known, Go River people who are not residents of Kampung itself is a group that established a non-profit Aur are looking for opportunities in a tight organization which means the Go River situation. itself is filled with social activities related to Sungai Deli conservation and its community DISCUSSION with funding obtained from tourism Floods that occur almost every year activities through Avros Education Park and must be anticipated to minimize the losses individual and government institution. caused. Mistra (2007) and BNPB (2007) Go River sees that changing explain that the impact of floods can occur community habits on the banks of the Deli in several aspects, namely: (1) Population River is very difficult to do. People's Aspects, in the form of fatalities / deaths, ignorance worsened the condition of the drowning, drowning, injuries, Deli River ecosystem. This is in line with disappearances, outbreaks of outbreaks and the research of Zulfahmi Tarigan (2014) on isolated populations . (2) Government urban flooding. GO River realizes that the aspects, in the form of damage or loss of Sungai Deli problem is not merely a matter documents, records, equipment and office of biological environment. The social supplies and disruption of the running of the environment is also one of the other government. (3) Economic aspects, in the problems that must be resolved. Narcotics, form of loss of livelihoods, traditional child violence, free sex are a small part of market malfunction, damage, loss of the various problems that people have in the property, livestock and disruption of the Deli River. community's economy. (4) Infrastructure Go River also conducts aspects, in the form of damage to houses, empowerment programs to help resolve the
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 132 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City
River Deli problems completely. In this example that humans are now preparing activity Kopasude and Puspa conducted a themselves they are facing disaster (Houh & synergy by visiting Homestay from Jones in Kusumasari, 2014). In addition, KOPASUDE on Jalan Palang Merah, globalization and increased international Medan. In this activity the PUSPA cooperation have helped the world's organization conducts direct reviews with population to more effectively reduce children on the banks of the River. In this disaster and limit the harmful effects of activity, KOPASUDE and the PUSPA disasters on humans. The disaster organization synergized to give birth to management efforts carried out by Go River riverbank children who are far from are undeniably far from perfect. The efforts violence and form positive activities so that taken are considered good enough but not children avoid the dangers of drugs such as satisfactory enough, considering that every processing plastic waste into various year floods occur with a high ratio. Go handicrafts that have high selling value. River as a community that cares about the From the results of interviews and preservation of Sungai Deli has not been observations showing that the level of able to reach all levels of society who live in public awareness of the causes of flooding the Deli River Basin. is very high. People are aware that the In terms of social and economic floods that hit them every year are caused aspects, residents living in the Sungai Deli by their habit of dumping garbage directly River Basin are classified as low-income into the Deli River. Human behavior that people. Most of the surrounding often does not care about the environment communities have permanent jobs and there also plays a role in causing flooding, that is are also some who work odd jobs by taking if they dispose of garbage as they please so advantage of the opportunities available, that the garbage clogs the water flow. In the where small stalls that are part of the past two decades, flooding in the city of community's economic activities have Medan has increased, both in size and sprung up in the region. The problem of frequency. This is caused by increased flood flooding has a very broad impact on various discharge from the catchment area, reduced aspects of people's lives. Therefore efforts channel capacity due to sedimentation, loss to overcome them must be an integral part of natural flooding in the form of swamps, of comprehensive development activities in and due to land subsidence. But the order to improve the welfare of the adaptation of society shows the opposite. community. The method that is considered People prefer to adapt to elevate their homes effective for flood handlers in the city of to overcome the problem of flooding. Medan is an integral solution that must be Besides that, in their daily lives the programmed immediately, if not then only community still uses the Deli River like a dig a hole in the hole closure, meaning that garbage dump. Therefore to do public the handling of flooding can actually cause awareness and preserve the Sungai Deli flooding in the new area. Need to plan ecosystem simultaneously is a difficult thing futures to overcome flooding in the city of to do. The community's adaptation to the Medan. Among other things, holding water flood disaster in Sungai Deli has been very upstream and pulling water downstream, far from the dream of preserving the Deli then dividing the excess water (flooding) River ecosystem. along the river channel from upstream to Humans can adapt and adapt quickly downstream becomes a small flood rather to the natural stresses they face. Modern than being collected into a large flood in a science helps humans reduce disasters and certain area which is rarely inhabited. respond appropriately. The view that Go River stated that a full 'earthquakes will not kill humans, but the commitment from the government and the ruins of buildings that kill them' is a clear community was needed in resolving flood
International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 133 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018 Muhammad Akbar Pribadi et.al. Analysis of the Community Flood Adaption Strategy and Community-Based Disaster Management by Go River in Medan City problems in the city of Medan. There are containing sand, and Elevating buildings / several technical and non-technical issues houses located on the banks of the river) that can be used as a reference to unravel the floods of Medan City. The flood REFERENCES prevention efforts that have been carried out Arsip Badan Nasional Penanggulangan and programmed must touch the root of the Bencana, 2013 real problem, not only dwell on increasing Elvana Febrianti. 2015. Strategi Adaptasi the capacity of rivers or canals which are Masyarakat Dalam Menghadapi Bencana unable to catch up with the increase in flood Banjir (Studi Kasus: Kelurahan Pekan Tanjung Pura Kecamatan Tanjung Pura discharge that occurs. The Flood / Drainage Kabupaten Langkat) Control Master Plan must be used as a Gerungan, W.A. 1996. Psikologi Sosial. reference in every flood mitigation activity, Bandung: Eresco so that the drainage system that is built up is Hardoyo, Su Rito, dkk., 2011. Strategi synchronized by various agencies, Adaptasi Masyarakat dalam Menghadapi institutions, the private sector and the Bencana Banjir. Yogyakarta: Universitas community itself. Go River hopes that Gajah Mada together these organizations can facilitate Laporan Kebencanaan BPBD Kota Medan, efforts to improve the Sungai Deli 2016 ecosystem to be more effective. This is Laporan Pusat Kajian Strategis Departemen because efforts to improve ecosystems in Pekerjaan Umum, 2009 practice can touch up to the layers of society Mistra. 2007. Antisipasi Rumah di Daerah on the banks of the river. Rawan Banjir. Depok: Penebar. Paripurno, Eko Teguh, 2008, Manajemen CONCLUSION Risiko Bencana Berbasis Komunitas Alternatif Dari Bawah. Jurnal Politik Bumin 1. The community-based disaster dan Manajemen Bencana. Edisi management program conducted by Go I/Juni/Tahun II/2008 River was carried out in three periods of Pedoman Umum PerlindunganSosial disaster: 1. Pre-Disaster (Planting for My Korban Bencana Alam, 2012 City, River School, River Clean-Up, and Piolina. 2009. Banjir di kota Medan : Suatu Deli Reading River); 2. During Disasters Tinjauan Historis 1971-1990-an. (Emergency Response Plan and Emergency Ramli, Soehatman. 2010. Pedoman Praktis Response Command Post); 3. Post-Disaster Manajemen Bencana (Disaster (Sungai Deli Research and Catching Care Management). Jakarta. Dian Rakyat. Groups). Tarigan, Zulfahmi. Tesis. 2015. Strategi 2. Go River encourages the adaptation of Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Bencana Banjir Pada communities around Deli river to minimize Masyarakat Kelurahan aur kecamatan losses during disasters, through: 1. Non- Medan Maimun. Medan. Universitas technical adaptation (Maintaining rivers Sumatera Utara Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 from garbage, high-value goods and tentang Penanggulangan Bencana avoiding dirty pools); 2. Technical www.bnpb.go.id Adaptation (Making Retaining Walls in River Lips that are close to Population Settlements, Making Dike from Sacks
How to cite this article: Pribadi MA, Badaruddin, Maas LT. Analysis of the community flood adaption strategy and community-based disaster management by Go River in Medan city. International Journal of Research and Review. 2018; 5(12):112-134.
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International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 134 Vol.5; Issue: 12; December 2018