Factual OUTHEPN ~ruottt EWS Objective HN)l 't 3111AHSVN VOL. 10, NO. 7 NOISIAIO AijYij9f1 llYlS H~~y f AijY~911 !S NNll JANUARY, 1964 VIRGINIA 65'l."-~-t9 trnr Prince Edward Auburn Quietly Registers Negro; Case Before Supreme Court Strict Security Rules Enforced EGRO GRADUATE student Har­ in history and political science, aiming RICHMOND No1d A. Franklin on Jan. 4 at a career in the foreign service. He :;, THE U. S . SUPREME Court made no statement to the press and became the first of his race to told Ed Crawford, director of university .• agreed Jan. 6 to hear argu­ enter Auburn University. .. ments March 30 on the question relations, that he planned to make of whether Prince Edward Coun­ Wilh elaborate security and disci­ none. plinary precautions in effect, the 31- U.S. District Judge Frank M. J ohnson ty may legally keep its public year-old Air Force veteran and honor Jr. ordered Auburn Jan. 3 to admit schools closed. graduate of Alabama Slate College in Franklin to a dormitory. The university ·, In an unsigned order, lhe tribunal Montgomery was registered without had previously refused (see below). r. noted that the Prince Edward school incident. Johnson found lhat Auburn last quar­ case dates back to the original school The campus was sealed by a security ter provided dormitory space for 1,000 gregation decision of 1954, but that The Rev. Sam R. Dodson, Jr. force of campus, city and county offi­ students, including 26 graduate stu­ WALLACE JOHNSON county still has not carried out lhc Commission choirmon. cers and 100 helmeted State Troopers. dents, and that 22 graduate students urt's mandate of 1955 for desegrega­ There was never a threat of trouble. had been accepted for dormitory hous­ lhat he saw "no indication whatsoever tion "with all deliberate speed." The Gov. George C. Wallace had ordered ing for the winter quarter-this des­ as to why the admission of 23 or 24 county has provided no public schools TENNESSEE that no federal agents be admitted to pite the university's contention that graduate students for housing instead 1959. the campus. Several FBI agents and President Ralph Draughon had issued of 22 would upset this 'delicate bal­ Setting of the early hearing date fol­ at least one Justice Department official an order in early December that gradu­ ance'." lowed efforts led by the U.S. Depart- were in Auburn, but none appeared ate students would not be allowed It was also significant, Johnson said, t of Justice to get a decision on Biracial Group to challenge the restriction. dormitory accomodations. that lhe president "who issued the closure issue before school-open­ Auburn contended that it needed to Credentials Required oral order did not testify in this case." t time next September. The Virginia maintain a "delicate balance" between Minutes after Johnson's order, the State Supreme Court held on Dec. 2 On Relations Some 150 students stood across lhe graduate and undergraduate students university announced it would comply. that the state has no legal obligation street Crom the university library, housed on campus. Johnson rejected On Jan. 4, Franklin drove to Auburn ii to operate free public schools (SSN, where registration was taking place, the argument with the observation from Montgomery, where he has made !l December), and the Justice Department and watched as Franklin entered the his home since graduating from Ala­ } filed a brief with the U.S. Supreme Is Established building shortly after 2 p.m. They bama State College in the capital city Court nine days later, seeking a re­ laughed when Franklin was asked to in 1962. He went first to the Auburn ! versal. (Griffin v. Prince Edward NASHVILLE show his credentials before being ad­ Methodist Church, then checked in at ~ SchooL Board.) In This Issue BIRACIAL STATEWIDE Commis­ mitted to the building. (As part of the Magnolia Hall, the men's dormitory r, Attorneys for the state unsucessfully university's precautionary measures, where he will live, thence to the :i:J urged that the case be allowed to go A sion on Human Relations was State R eports an a ll students were required to have, and library. again before the lower federal courts established on J an. 1 under keep in lheir possession, identification Alabama ...... 1 before being considered by the Su­ executive order issued by Gov. cards.) Arkansas ...... 6 'Shocking Decision' preme Court. The Supreme Court Frank G. Clement. Franklin was greeted by Dean D. V. Delaware ...... 7 After lhe Jan. 3 dormitory order by i:; cited "long delays" which have been The governor, who named the com­ Parker of the graduate school, the District of Columbia ...... 14 Johnson, Gov. Wallace issued this !£' involved in lower-court proceedings. mission in keeping with a pledge dur­ defendant in the suit brought by Florida ...... 9 statement. (I Although legal issues involving ing his campaign for o'fice in the sum­ Franklin to force his admission Georgia ...... 9 ''This judicial tyrant has rendered !!' Prince Edward schools have been in mer of 1962, also appointed 16 members, (Franklin v. Parker). Parker offered Kentucky ...... 4 another shocking decision that reflects ;, the courts throughout the years since including five Negroes, who will serve Franklin a chair and said, "Welcome ...... 5 upon lhe integrity of the administra­ the original desegregation decision, this on lhe 21-member commission. to Auburn.'' Also greeting Auburn's Maryland ...... 3 tion of Auburn University and her is the first time since 1955 lhat ques­ The other five members will be ap­ first Negro student was Dr. Malcolm Mississippi ...... 11 board of trustees. a:: tions raised in that county have re­ pointed soon, possibly in time for the McMillan, who will be Franklin's fac­ Missouri ...... 13 "This judge cannot say, 'I must fol­ North Carolina ...... 10 l!: rumed to the highest tribunal. commission's first meeting which was ulty adviser. low precedent under oath.' He makes Oklahoma ...... 4 It In its brief, the Justice Department expected to be held later in January. Franklin wore a brown suit, brown precedent for precedent's sake and South Carolina ...... 8 !! said the Prince Edward case is "ripe Clement appointed the Rev. Sam R. shoes and soft- colored tie. He wore a substitutes his wisdom for that of Tennessee ...... 1 :. for decision now" and contended lhat Dodson Jr., pastor of Calvary Method­ narrow-brimmed brown hat which he lhe administration of Auburn, her trus­ Texas ...... 7 ,, the issues "are of fundamental im- ist Church in Nashville, lo serve as removed as he walked up the library tees, the elected legislators of Alabama Virginia ...... 1 portance not only to the children of chairman. steps. and her elected governor. His office is West Virginia ...... 16 u Prince Edward County but also to the Negro attorney A. W. Willis of He completed registration al 3: 30 p.m. totally segregated, yet he integrates :c and its system of jus­ Memphis was named as vice chairman. having signed up for courses in Russian an undergraduate Auburn dormitory ~ lice." The governor's executive order out­ history, English history and U.S. Special Articles with a 31- year- old married agitator. l' On Aug. 12, 1963, lhe U. S. Fourth lined these functions and responsibili­ policies up to 1865. Classes started Annual Statistics ...... 1 "This judge not only insults the Circuit Court of Appeals had ruled that ties of the commission: Monday, Jan. 6. Legislation in 1963 ...... 2 people of this state-he evidently (See U.S., Page 2) (See GOV. CLEMENT, Page 15) Franklin is seeking a master's degree Books and lhe Issue ...... 2 (See NEGRO, Page 12) STATISTICS

•1 Revised Figures Show More Negroes in Biracial Schools r : JNTHE SOUTHERN and border ,. states, 9.3 per cent of Negro • students in public schools attend schools with whites, according to 1 new figures made available in :; December. This is an upward re­ ,.. vision of the 9.2 per cent reported in SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS for December. Complete new figures for Kentucky's public schools were obtained for the current school year by that state's Department of Education, replacing th<' statistics based on last year's study. In addition, a correction was made on t the number of Negroes wilh whites in District of Columbia schools. .. The new statistics, as published in r: the 1963-64 Statistical Summary, arc Presented below for the convenience 0£ SSN readers who wish to bring up to date the "Segregation-Desegregation Status" table appearing on page one of the December, 1963, issue. For the District of Columbia, only ! ~wo figures changed: The number of Negroes in Schools With Whites" Cor­ rected from 99,998 to 98,813, and the 'I i>ercentage of Negroes in this category corrected from 84.8 per cent Lo 83.8 ;;; i>er cent. t The new Kentucky figures in the f- table read: Districts-204 total, 165 with

'I- Negroes and whites1 163 desegregated; 1 F.nrollment~ll,126 (estimated) whites, ~ 54,874 (estimated) Negroes; In deseg­ ~ regaled Districts-492 701 (estimated) ' Whites, 54,874 (estm'.iated) Negroes; l: Negroes in Schools With Whites-29,855 !.> 111 number, 54.4 per cent. V These new figw·es change all the The shaded areas represent counties in the 1 7 Southern and border states that have at least one public school district with desegre­ totals for the Border and the Region. gation in fact or in principle. (See STATISTICS, Page 14) PAGE 2-JANUARY, 1964-SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS VIRGINIA U. S. Supreme Court To Hear Arguments on School-Closing

(Continued From Page 1) "Not a single school district in the federal courts should abstain from act­ state has an adequate plan for a total ing in the Prince Edward school clos­ Virginia Highlights end to school segregation,'' the NAACP ing question until the state courts had The U.S. Supreme Court set March attorney told the approximately 35 acted. 30 to hear argumen ts on whether the persons attending the workshop at the In the brief filed Dec. 11, the justice First Baptist Church (Negro) in Farm­ state is obligated to operate free public department declared that the answer schools in Prince Edward County. ville, Prince Edward County seat. "An lo whether the closing of the schools end to segregation will come only A "hi!( pu ... h.. to rnd all racial violates the 14th Amendment "doesn't when there are no while and Negro depend upon any point decided by the "'t'P:rt'!(at ion in \ irginia cla"'"room" schools in Virginia, only public Virginia court." "ill he launched i:oon. according to schools." 1lw t'liief le1rnl coun ... el of the stair Governor's Guess Tucker said he hoped the court order \A \ CP. in the Powhatan County case, requir­ Earlier, on Dec. 4, Gov. Harrison The \ ir!(inia Supreme Court of Ap- m~ the county to pay the Negro peti­ told his press conference that iI the 1wal" hdd that u legi ... Jative commit­ tioners' legal expenses, would become U. S. Supreme Court should uphold tee could not require the AACP to fixed policy ii' all desegregation cases. the right of Prince Edward officials rcvt'al tilt' name-< of per ... ons contri­ He said he would like lo see individual to close the schools, it was his "guess" huti1111: 2!) or more to 1hc organiza­ school board members required to pay that those officials would move within tion. such fees out of their own pockets. 48 hours toward reopening the schools. "1C you hit their pocketbooks it may The governor presumably had in force even their beloved segregation Scroll Honors the Late President Kennedy mind that if the court took such a to go," Tucker r!'marked. Signed by Prince Edward stude nts. position, tuition grants (now outlawed Jr. suggested to attorneys for city by another court order in Prince Ed­ school authorities that since the dis­ The workshop was sponsored by the American Friends Service Committee, ward) would become available, and tance factor could be applied in a dis­ 0 nee is generally a very busy place, a Quaker organization. schools arc ;itlended by about 1.600 that most white children would con­ criminatory manner, perhaps it should Negroes and four whites. The Negroes "not one member of the white com. tinue attending the private segregated be removed from the plan. Political Leaders had been without formal education munity has stopped here to talk with school system, while public schools H. I. Willett, city superintendent of me.~' since nublie schools in the county were would be open largely for Negroes. A resolution calling on the state's schools, testified that the State Pupil closed in 1959 to prevent desegrega­ Dr. Sullivan, who is on leave from a In answer to a question, the gover­ Placement Board had approved every political leaders to "implement and go school superintendency in New Yori nor said he did not believe the closing transfer request made by Neg ·oes beyond" the school desegregation de­ tion. Sullivan and vanden Hcuvel sookc stale. was reported to be greatly dis­ of schools in Prince Edward had ad­ seekin~ admission lo white or predomi­ cisions of the courts, was adopted by :;it a luncheon meeting at National appointed over the relationship be­ versely affected Virginia's industrial natly white schools in Richmond this the Virgmia Council on Human Rela­ Education Association headquarters, at tween the white citizens of Prince F.d. development as a whole but that it year. (There arc 371 Negroes in 12 tions at a meeting in Richmond Dec. 6. which a check for $5.612 was presented ward and the free schools. probably had harmed the county's bid desegregated schools, out of a total en­ The council said it deplored the fail­ to the school svslem from the District He told of a recent school assembly to attract industrial plants. rollment of 17,636 whites and 26,117 ure of the state's leaders "to take ac­ of Columbia Education Association. at which a political science authority Negroes.) tion to resolve the situation of closed from Washin~on a nd Lee University Judge Butzner took the case under public schools in Prince Edward Coun­ 'Second To None' spoke. Students of the private segre­ * * * advisemen<. ty." E(a tcd Prince Edward Academy had Cour t Overrules Effor t "We've probably the best equipped The resolution added that the estab­ been invited, as had other white per­ school svstem in the United States-­ To Name NAACP Su pporter s lishment of the Prince Edward F ree sons of the community, and studenta Comnuuiity Action bar none." Sullivan said. "We have School Association last summer had of the Cree school had dressed up es­ A state legislative committee's effort te;im teachin.I!. teaching machines and m itigated "the scandal of closed pub­ pecially for the occasion and had a to force the NAACP to reveal the educational TV . . Our vocational lic schools in Prince Edward." committee in the corridors ready to names of contributors was overruled education pro{(ram probably is second Attorney Predicts welcome visitors. But none showed up H by the Virginia Supreme Court Dec. to none in the South ... We have according to Dr. Sullivan . 2. (NAACP, and NAACP Legal De­ extensive buc;iness courses ... We ~en rount fense and Educational Fund, Inc., v. 'Big Push' To End * * * probably have the finest school librarv t !rut ha Committee on Offenses Against the Offi<-ials Want Free School in the South ... We have very small i::~ and Administration of Justice) To Be Opene(l Only One Year classes. with some children getting in­ A book honoring* * the * memory of th! .±a perc The committee, set up by the General All Segregation dividual tutorinl! ..." late President Kennedy was signed hr ; E.a:fonl Assembly in 1958, contended that it The Cree school system for Negroes Vanden Heuvel told the meelin~ that each of the approximately 1,600 stu· Ox'.s ba11 needed the list of donors of $25 or more The chief attorney for the NAACP in in Prince Edward has been a tremen­ the Prinre Edward Free Schools are dents of the Prince Edward Fm \: ~!. r. in order to check on reports that some Viryinia said Dec. 14 that a "big push" dous success, but it should not operate public schools in the finest sense of .the Schools and taken to Washington Dec. ~UC such persons had improperly claimed to end all segregation in Virginia's pub­ beyond its presently scheduled closing word, since thev belong to the nation. 18 for presentation to Attorney Gen­ _; oi ltS the contributions as state income tax lic schools would be launched soon. date in August, two men closely in­ Figures presented at the luncheon eral Robert F. Kennedy, who in turc !:lCal sch• deductions. S. W. Tucker told a desegregation volved in the program said in Wash­ showed that of the school system's goal was to give it to the late president's :be secor The court held, however, that only workshop in Farmville that the ington, D. C., Dec. 18. of one million dollars to operate this widow. f:!derici c overriding and compelling state inter­ NAACP is preparing petitions to be Neil V. Sullivan and Wiliam J. van­ year, about $850.000 has been raised. It was under President Kenned)JS ifll closin est can justify state intrusion into distributed to civil rights leaders den Heuvel expressed hope that the Approximately $150,000 of this has direction that the federal government :.ltr a con constitutionally protected areas of free­ throughout the stale. The petitions, he U. S. Supreme Court would resolve been contributed by individuals, $30.- launched the effo1-t that led to estab­ !:Frederic! dom of association, and that no such the Prince Edward school closing dis­ said, will seek an end to token deseg­ 000 by educational organizations, and lishment of th<' schools for Prince&!­ i0.'11 enrol interest was involved in the case in regation and also to segregation in pute in time for public schools to be the remainder by foundations. ward Negroes The book, 18 by 23 ;tr rent of question. Even if every donor of $25 reopened next fall. Sullivan is super­ school administrations and faculties. inches in size and covered in t() or more had been in the highest in­ dark blue oiiined Citizens will be asked to submit the intendent of the free schools, while velvet, carried an inscription on the come tax bracket and had claimed the vanden Heuvel is the justice depart­ ~~r petitions to their local school boards. * * * front saying, in part: ::.1 sched, deduction, the state would have lost ment representative who brought to­ The free school system's superinten­ If favorable action is not forthcoming "Our beloved President John F :it num' only $830 in a three-year period, the gether federal, slate and local officials dent, Dr. Sullivan, was quoted in the from local boards and governing Kennedy once considered us in om :tl:dered court declared. bodies, remedies will be sought in the to reach an agreement providing for Richmond News Leader Dec. 13 as distress. We, the students of the ~oj courts, Tucker said. establishment of the system. The saying that while a superintendent's 'Amount Insignificant' Prince Edward County Free Schoo'! ~ di.1r. in Farmville, Va., think of Carolillt, lr;'oes lO The court continued: John and Mrs. Kennedy in their sor· "Thus, it can be seen that the amount !:r;.ny I row. It is also ours." of taxable revenue involved is conjec­ r.tral ye;; Some of the signatures in the book tural and insignificant. But more im­ ~r o f 10 School-Race Measures Approved were in the scrawling handwriting ol portant still is the fact that the infor­ :c:;;y ~h children who had just learned to \\Till mation sou~ht by committee is in the t:".O~ con possession of the state on the returns ~~r of those subject to the payment of in­ In 1963, Lowest Total Since Decision ~ed !1 come taxes." t:"..,l hut The court said there was evidence '' ~llarial EN LA ws were enacted by Georgia amended its tuition-grants lion failed in several instances. Dele­ that some of the donors Ce lt that dis­ ware legislators, in enacting a school­ 6.:ocialb Southern and border state law (1) to provide that portions of Books closure of their names would bring T payments must be from local funds construclion bill. continued, over t

Fall o( 1962"' Fall o( 1963• Over Half of Maryland Schools All Biracial Negroes All Biracial Negroe!> District Schools Schools Enrolled Schools Schools Enrolled

s: ~:r4~ BALTIMORE ~»NN.·».."S:P~~... »' Commission (a statutory county Allegany 34 15 295 34 17 289 )RE THAN HALF of the public 75 41 1,524 79 44 1,972 Maryland HighJi~hts agency) by U1e commission's executive Anne Arundel ;chools in Maryland have director, Edgar L. Feingold. The com­ Baltimore City•• 189 89 34,259 192 128 65,169 M 125 83 2,075 both white and Negro pupils, ac­ More than half the t)Ublic schools mission made plain at its Dec. 18 Balto. County 114 74 1,821 3 16 1 6 cording to enrollment data re­ in Maryland have both white and meeting that the Feingold report, re­ Calvert 16 1 leased that day, had not yet had the Negro children in attendance, newly 11 1 1 11 3 16 leased by the Maryland Depart­ commission's consideration and ap­ Caroline compiled state enrollment data has 11 85 25 14 209 ment of Education in December. proval. Carroll 25 revealed. 25 13 206 25 17 292 State data put the total number of Feingold began his report by saying Cecil Transfer applications have bren Charles 15 3 44 15 4 53 schools at 1,096 and those with a that nearly 10 years after the Supreme 24 eliminated in St. Mary's County to Dorchester 26 2 5 26 5 biracial enrollment at 572, or 52.2 Court decision, "a little more than one­ simplify desegregation. half of the total number of Negro 25 1,402 per cent of the total. Frederick 33 20 1,342 33 "Full con~idera t ion" ha-, been a.;. children in the county education sys­ Garrett 19 19 The current school year has been sured for steps recommended in Bal­ tem still attend wholly segregated Harford 26 17 416 26 21 543 ihe first in which the number of schools timore County to wipe out remaining schools." He referred to the four re­ Howard 20 10 113 20 11 194 with both races enrolled has been more all-Negro school situations. maining all-Negro elementary schools Kent 13 1 1 13 0 0 than half the total. The state figures Schools, buses, extracurricular ac­ and lhe one all-Negro secondary school ~ have shown an increase of 27 in the Montgomery 130 86 3,498 134 87 3,600 tivities and teachers meetings have that together accommodate 2,105 of the J total number of public schools since the county's 4,182 Negro pupils, or 50.3 Prince George's 147 53 769 152 72 1,225 been desegregated in Caroline Coun­ last school year, and an increase of 108 per cent. Queen Anne's 14 0 0 14 0 0 in the number of biracial schools. ty and further stepc; have hern placed Reporting lhat "the Board of Edu­ St. Mary's 19 4 45 19 4 89 The state data, prepared on Nov. 27, under consideration. cation has declared that de facto Somerset 18 0 0 18 1 4 did not include 1963 figures for Balti­ Dr. George Il. Bruin, Baltimore's segregation will be eliminated in large 14 3 31 14 5 48 more City, which had not completed its !'Choo! !< Uprrintendent, was cited in measure in Baltimore County schools Talbot 46 17 215 46 22 326 Jl: enrollment studies, but the research Dcremlwr for fostrrin~ brolhcrhood by 1967," Feingold said that the board Washington Wicomico 23 3 37 23 8 134 !~ staff of the Baltimore Department of in the ~chool system. was "attempting to resolve the integra­ 0 17 0 0 I &fucation had previously prepared tion of county public schools primarily Worcester 17 0 estimates for SOUTHERN ScHOOL NEWS. by means of its construction program.'' TOTAL 1,069 464 44,710 1,096 572 77,670 i1:i: The estimates have been used above to King said the school board was provide a state total. 'It Seems Impe rative' •Data on Negroes attending schools with white pupils in 23 county schools. counting on PTA co-operation to make ..196 3 data for Baltimore are estimates by the city schools' research staft. The state data since 1955 has been the change "a successful step forward Because of the more "aggressive" tHas no Negro school chHdren ~" based on the number of Negroes en- in its efforts to insure equitable treat­ civil-rights activities among younger 1.?:. rolled in formerly all-white schools and ment for all of our children." Negroes in the county, Feingold added, has not included Negroes attending St. Mary's is southernmost of "it seems imperative that affirmative, 1::1 fonnerly all-Negro schools in which Southern Maryland counties, and about positive and immediate action be un­ has 10 Negro pupils in grades 6, 7 and white pupils have enrolled. SSN has white enclave appended lo a portion of a fourth of its total enrollment is Ne­ dertaken to rid the county of its the Turner district. Instead of going to 8 of one school; two in grades 10 and l'!!:i counted both types of schools as grn. The school board desegregated in segregated school practices." Turner Elementary which is no more 11 in another school, and four in a !!<::!- "biracial," which has accounted for three stages (elementary, junior-high Among the steps reconunended by than six or seven blocks distant, some special- education class at a third school. 1 ti differences between the state data and and senior-high grades) in 1957-59, but Feingold were "strict" enforcement of Caroline County had its first actual ., .,. its own. The difference is confined to 30 white children were assigned by as late as 1960 had only one Negro in districting policies for Negroes living school authorities to Dundalk Ele­ experience with desegregation in the wi.:. Baltimore, which has had a moderate a previously all-white school. Interest in "integrated school districts" and the mentary about a mile away." fall of 1962 when a Negro girl entered . & amount of what is called reverse inte­ among Negroes picked up in 1961 and application of the "Princeton Plan" to As a matter of "policy," Feingold a previously all-white high school. The !.I: gration. again in 1962, and this fall their en­ two areas of the county where white county lies on the Eastern Shore and i!J said, "the Board of Education would Highest Percent.age rollment nearly doubled: 89 in four and Negro schools are close together. not entertain the possibility of a school is backed up against the lower end of predominantly while schools this year Under the plan, the Negro school population with white students in the Delaware in the vicinty of Milford, Ten counties and Baltimore City have in contrast to 45 last year. would provide the first three grades minority. As a result district lines, where disturbances occurred during the at least half their schools with both In approving lhe policy change, the for white and Negro children alike, transportation practices and reas­ early days of school desegregation. white and Negro pupils enrolled. The county board said the action was taken while the companion white schools signment and transfer policies are About a fourth of Caroline's school ·i~ highest percentage of biracial schools is "in furtherance of the mandate of the would enroll the fourth-, fifth- and manipulated in such a way as to pre­ population is Negro. ci!J in Harford County, where 21 of 26 United States Supreme Court which sixth-graders, white and Negroes. clude that eventuality from ever oc­ In addition to the movement of some Q; - schools have both races enrolled, or 80 requires the integration of public Feingold's recommendations were curring." Negroes to previously white schools, j :~ per cent. Hartford has had voluntary schools on a voluntary basis to be ac­ based in part on his finding that Balti­ Feingold also recommended that Hoopengardner reported a number of Xl~ desegregation since 1955 and 25 per complished with deliberate speed, and more County school officials permit school officials take precautions against other aspects of desegregation, in­ )'Ge- rent of its Negro pupils attend the in furtherance of what it I the board] Negroes to attend an all-Negro school school buildings and grounds being cluding: · - biracial schools. considers to be the expressed recom­ even though they live in the attendance used on a segregated basis after school • "Teachers' curriculum meetings ~z The second-highest percentage is in mendations of its Committee on Inte­ area of a desegregated white school. In hours for recreational and other pro­ a re held together and ofter include Frederick County, which gradually has gration." The resolution added: Feingold's words: grams and, in addition, that steps be luncheon and dinner meetings." r.:ir been closing out its all-Negro schools "Be it further resolved that trans­ "The school system, in allowing Ne­ taken "immediately" to have a non­ • ·'All committee meetings which ,~ under a compulsory desegregation plan. portation will be provided for these gro students to transfer out of inte­ discriminatory employment clause in deal with county problems are mixed ir;i-1 In 25 Frederick, of 33 schools have both youngsters without regard lo race, grated school districts lo segregated all school contracts with private firms groups." l.'! fi· races enrolled, or 75 per cent, and 97 creed or color. The Board of Education districts, in effect, has been an instru­ and agencies. • "People traveling to professional i! ~ per cent of its Negro pupils have been reserves the right to refuse or reject ment in perpetuating the very system meetings outside the county travel and In promising "full consideration," the :ilii assigned lo the biracial schools. The these enrollments if not feasible nor the Board of Education has committed lodge together." county's school board president de­ till remainder (50) are in a small Negro practical because of administrative itself to eliminate. In a sort of reverse • "The County Council of PTA's in­ fashion, it has fostered preferential clined specific comment on the Feingold cludes all schools in lhe county." unit scheduled to be shut dovm. reasons." recommendations. The number of biracial schools is not treatment for Negroes in support of • "Extension course classes are ,; oonsidered a reliable barometer of the de facto segregation. * mixed groups." progress of desegregation because in Board Pre:-i,l<'nl* * *Promi~Ps "While it is true that some Negroes * * • ·'Now operating mixed adult Caroline County R('ports classes." some districts there are not enough Consideration of Proposals are encouraged to transfer out of Segroes to desegregate all the schools. segregated schools, this seems to be On School Desegregation In addition, the report pointed lo Allegany County, for example, for T. Bayard Williams, Jr., president of motivated more for educational reasons sports programs and musical activities A report on school desegregation in beveral years has had all of its small the Baltimore County Board of Edu­ than fo1· reasons of integration and which included both white and Negro number of Negro pupils in predomi­ cation, told the press in late December there is no quarrel with it." Caroline Countr was released in participants and to the fact that five nantly white schools, but half its that he would give "full consideration" Feingold also reported to his com­ December at the request of SOUTHERN school buses canied both white and schools continue to be all-white. Also, to suggestions, made earlier in the mission, in reference to two of the all­ SCHOOL NE:Ws. The report was one Negro students. Plans to merge the Montgomery County has every Negro month, to eliminate de facto segrega­ Negro units that "the districts served prepa-ed by Wilbur S. Hoopengardner, white and Negro teachers organizations by Turner and Fleming elementary Caroline's school superintendent, for a _., ..ssigned to a predominantly white tion. into a single county association also school, but only 87 out of 134 schools The proposed acceleration steps were schools are drawn carefuJly to include seven-man advisory committee named were announced. by the county school board in October , are biracial. contained in a report on school deseg­ all of the Negro population concen­ to assist in major decision making. Questions Raised Biracialism is least common in three regation which had been prepared. for trated in that in that area, and just as southern Maryland districts (9 out of the Baltimore County Human Relations carefully gerrymandered lo exclude a The report showed that the county The report called the advisor)' com­ ISO schools) and on the Eastern Shore. mitteemen's attention to several deseg­ 11 e Of the 161 schools in the nine 'Shore regation subjects on which the school counties, 39 have some pupils of both Under .SurN•y board would welcome "advice and f races enrolled. Nearly half (17) of the judgment." These included questions as i( hll'llcial schools are found in Cecil to lhe "integration" of school staffs and ~- 1 County, the northern-most of the nine the transportation system, and also "the iilld the one with the smallest pcrcent­ Commission Report Cites 'Tokenism' problem of school housing as some ~ge of Negro pupils, more than 40 per schools decrease in population ani .,_ r. nt of whom are in former!} all-white lems in the county, the commission others gain." 1 major proportions we can understand; • I&chools. Three of the 'Shore counties School desegregation in Calve1·t The largest subject offered for con­ but other countries have dealt with a added, "It is only the boundless ~ have no biracial schools although Ne­ County has been described as "no sideration was the one described as mo1·e ·than token" by county's Com­ similar problem, so why not !hie; patience and inherent good will of '° , rroes may apply for transfer:;. Calvert's Negroes that have spared "the policy which provides for con­ t munity Relations Commission, £'stab­ county?'' this county community the tragedy tinued integration of the school system hshecl by legislative resolution at the The only county in Mai yland with and bitterness that have revaged other through voluntary decisions of the •· 1 rhoolmen last session of the Maryland General more Negro than white pupils in its places in Maryland." segment of the population affected As!'embly. school system, Calvert last year h'ld most by the change." That is, the policy its first actual desegregation when Finding, for example, just one eating ~ St. Mary's County Appointed in late June, the commis­ place in the county that was "inter­ which makes desegregation dependent sion consisted of three members by three Negroes sought admission to an on individual Negroes taking the initia­ otherwise while high school. This fall grated," the commission called Io1· the county's Democratic organization, Calvert's inclusion in Maryland's pub­ tive by applying for admission to " Has New Poli<·' three by the Republican organization the number rose to six at the same schools other than those it has been ~ lic accommodations legislation (enacted and a final three named by the county school. In earlier years no Negro trans­ customary for them to attend. fer applications were received . early in 1963) and also for a perma­ ...,; f A policy change to simplify deseg­ commissioners. nent county community relations com­ regation procedure was announced by Devoted mostly to racial aspects of Naivete Alleged mission. The report concluded, in part, St. Mary's County in December The employment and public accommoda­ by saying: Dr. George* B. *Brain * , Baltimore's diange allows all· pupils who ha\·e not tions, the group's repor.t (which tw.o The commission in its report. pub­ "We would issue a plea to all of school superintendent, was honored in Pttviously done so to "attend the members declined lo sign) had t~s lished in December, took issue with Calvert's citizens that lhey not be December at the annual dinner o{ the , ~ tcliool which normally serves the area to say under the heading of public a portion of the legislative resolution snared by lhe delusion that problems Maryland Chapter of the National Con­ which had said that white and Negro Ill Which they live" without having to schools: if ignored will go away. . . . To be sure, ference of Christians and Jews. Dr. ~ply for transfers through the county "Integration of Calvert's public Calvert citizens "lived and worked we are still somewhat isolated, pro­ Brain received a citation for "his together in amicable and unbroken uuatd of education. schools lhough fair by intent is no vincial; and there are traditions and enlightened interest in and deep con­ friendliness" and had "no problems." ~ le The change was announced in a more than tok£'n by practice. Elen?en­ customs of generations' standing; but cern for developing in children and ' ~ter addrcssed to county PTA mem­ tary and junior high schools contmue The commission said that the state­ we are not that greatly different from youth as well as in the educational v I rs from Robert E. King Jr. county ment showed "a naiveness and per­ :;egregated, :md the high school grades other communities, farther south than staff a dynamic faith in tho brother­ :;pective lack that is difficult lo com­ :oo.~ s.uperintendenl, who explain':d would number no more than a dozen we, where much more has been done hood of man and for his realistic in­ ~lf l this policy has actually been m Negro students inlC'gratc•d. That there prehend." to eliminate racial injustice than we volvement in the community and public '!'.: tlfect for the en.tire 1963-64 school year Declaring that there are racial prob- have done here." education." , atld · · l' d" is here an aclministrntive problem of [ • Mw mmly bomg '°''"" '" · PAGE 4--JANUARY, 1964-SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS

KENTUCKY SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS Big Increase in Biracial School Southern School News is the official publication of the ~outhern Educ.Hon . S · b' fve fact-finding agency established by Southern Reporting de'.tv1ce, adn edo u':;t~rs' with the aim of providing accurate, unbias.d newspaper e 1 ors an ff' · I d · t t d I •t• . f t' t h I dm'in'istrators public o 1c1a s an 1n eres e ay c1 11ens in orma ion o sc oo a • S S C rt · · f 'n education arising from the U. . upreme ou op1n1on o Attendance Rated 'Unbelievable' on d eve Iopmen ts 1 · · h bl' h I tit Ma I 7, 1954, declaring compulsory segregation 1n t e P.u 1c sc oo. s uncons . u- t1ona. y I. SERS 1s· no t an advocate. is neither pro-segregation nor ant1-segregahon, LOUISVILLE the exclusion of documentary facts but simply reports the facts as it finds them, state-?y-state. . Publish ed monthly by Southern Education Reporting Service at 1109 19th Ave., KE DEPARTMENT of Education's about the Negro and what few facts are presented create an improper S Nashville, Tennessee. Tannual school desegregation Kentucky "second class postage paid at Nashville, Tennessee. image,'' McAlpin said at the Dec. 18 report, showing substantial in­ meeting of the board at Frankfort. OFFICERS creases in biracial school attend­ Statistics ance, described as "unbelievable" Total Enrolled Bert Struby ...... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Chairm1n School In Deseg. Jn Deseg. Schls. Legislative Action Thomas R. Waring ..... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Vi~e-Ch~irman the desegregation progress made Year• Districts White Negro Reed Sarratt ...... Executive Director since the Supreme Court decision 1955-56 97,903 16,688 313 Tom Flake, Director of Publications of 1954. 1956-57 325,478 120,307 8,017 Several Proposals Jim Leeson, Director of Information and Research 1957-58 362,269 133,182 10,897 The report listed a total of 204 1958-59 402,000 149,392 11,492 BOARD OF DIRECTORS districts and said that of 165 with stu­ 1959-60 477,089 165,645 16,329 In Legislature Frank R. Ahlgren, Editor, The Commer· Reed Sarratt, Executive Director, South­ dents of both races, 153 operate deseg­ 1961-62 466,996 200,581 22,021 cial Appeal, Memphis, Tenn. ern Education Reporting Service, regated schools. Another 10 districts Nashville, Tenn. 1962-63 482,382 221,402 24,346 Luther H. Fosler, President, Tuskegea have desegregation plans or policies 1963-64 547,575 288,360 29,855 To Involve Race John Seigenthaler, Editor, Nashville leaving only one district-Graves Institute, Tuskegee Institute, Ala. Tennessean. Nashville, Tenn. County-without a plan. Shelby County Tolal Teachers Don Shoemaker, Editor, Miami Herald, School Jn Deseg. In Oeseg. Sdtls. Several legislative proposals in­ Alexander Heard, Chancellor, Vander­ plans to desegregate next school year. Year• Districts White Negro volving racial matters, some pertaining bilt University, Nashville, Tenn. Miami, Fla. Last year 22 districts lacked any 1955-56 3,496 639 2 Bert Struby, General Manager, M1con to schools, were expected to come be­ C. A. McKnight, E

Fayetteville Jaycees Urge More School Desegregation ~,1re LITI'LE ROCK controls the United States controls the gro schools is a duplication and a was11 of money are not fully informed. IL T -i:E FAYETTEVILLE Junior Cham- world," he said, declaring that the Cit­ A1·kansas Ili ghli ~ht s izens' Councils are important because said a cl'rtain number of superintend. Getti1 ber of Commerce adopted a ents. principals and teachers art The Fayette\ille Junior Chamber o{ they can hold the South against the resolution Dec. 13 urging the Communists. needed to operate a school system and Fayetteville school board to fur­ Commerce urged the Fayette' ille he did not see that desegregation ther action to eliminate segrega­ ~chool board to eliminate the la~t S rlioolm en would reduce the costs. "I think these begregation in the Fa)elteville people ha' en't fully investigated th tion. raise teacher salaries and -,chook facts." he said. ' provide more technical education. A Negro llth·grade boy b on the Negro Is Member The commission is made up of top. It was not a critical resolution but level civic, business and government ~tarting ha~"-etball team this year at praised the school board for what it figures. appo111ted by the governor. already h'ls done and offered to help. Central High 'chool, the scene of Of Athletic Tca1n It was d~awn up by the Jaycee Com­ lhe 1957 Little Roe"- ~chool crisis. munity Development Committee with Sam Faubu", 76, father of Gov. Al Central High * * * Do'l Trumbo Jr. as chairman and was Orval E. Faubus, told an inteniewer Go'. Fau hnl- P romises Rep]} offered at a meeting attended by about that he did not agree with his sons To Ch ar~Pl- of Sd100] 'Gap' 40 .Jaycees. It was approved by a vote Only six years ago, Central High racial policie~ or hi;. conduct in the of 12 to 7 School was the scene of the Little Rock Go\', Faubus said Dec. 18 that ),, Little Hod.. c;chool cri~io;. Fayetteville is in the Ozark Moun­ school segregation crisis. This year, it would issue a report soon to disprov; t<>ins in No thwest Arkansas, a region has a Negro player on its varsity bas­ the charges made in October that the where the Nel{ro population is sparse. ketball team, the first in the Big Ten gap between the level of white anci The nubl;c ~chool s were desegregated Conference and the first in any of the Negro schools m Arkansas is as wid­ voluntarily in the fall of 1954 at the heard talks by their president, Amis Class AAA schools in Arkansas. now as it was in 1954 when the Su. secondary level and are now desegre­ Guthridge; Dr. Medford Evans of He is Kenneth Robinson, an llth­ preme Court desegregation decision gated in grades 7 through 12. The Jackson, Miss., consultant to the Citi­ grade student who makes all "A" was made. 5;1~·\I. school board maintains one school, zens' Councils of America; and Louis grades. He is 6 feet 6 inches tall and is This charge was made in a booklet ~.fnL t W. Hollis of Jackson, executive direc­ Lincoln ElemPntary, for Negroes only, so good at rebounding and shooting issued by the Arkansas Advisory Com. Lll~;-; in '""ades 1 through 6. tor of the Citizens' Councils of Ameri­ that he has earned a s tarting position mittee to the U.S. Commission on Ci" , lack of The portion of the resolution dealin_t! ca. on the Tiger basketball team. Robinson Rights of which James E. Youngdahl ~~OU with rlesel?T"egation reads: "The school played with the Tiger "B" team in of Little Rock, a lawyer, is chairman pr11I board °t'eJ( n an integrated school sys­ basketball last year and went out for Faubus said that the conclusions or tem in th<' Call of 1954 without hysteria the hurdles m track last spring but did the advisory committee were un­ ~~b not qualify for the finals of the Big or mere lip service lo the law. Inte­ founded and that "Youngdahl was wa} It ~~!t S . Ten track meet. J(raf Pd s~hools hwe saved the system out in left field " And he said he meant r.:: ~ d ~ sorely needed dollars. imp~oved edu­ He appeared in his first varsity game that wo1·d ''left" in two ways. .~·(:;!\'• cation fo- 011r minority racial group. Dec 6 when Central played Hall High :;!l p:t!IOr and co ..... olied •uith the o;oHt and letter School of Little Rock in the consolation finals of the city-wide tournament at of the law. We feel they should and 1&4Jiti will r-uicklv complete ·this program North Little Rock High School. He has Central's Negro Athlete SI die ;:.I.I with the elimination of Lincoln school. played in a ll of the Tiger games since Hendrix College ::e £~ ;..d:J The separate condition forced on the then and has been received without A fter six years. yoU'l" children of colored Americans incident thus far. As one of the team's in fhis d;stricl cimnot but further any stars, he gets a good deal of applause. Dis<'uss<'s Policy GUTHRIDGE EVA NS Ed Toomey of Forrest City, mana­ feelin~ of separateness they may have At least two other Arkansas high ger of the Yale and Towne Manufac­ i>nd the continuing of a school for a schools-Fayetteville and Mansfield­ turing Co. plant. assigned there from Hendrix College at Conway, a pri· few students caTlllot but add expense Guthridge announced that Gov. have previously allowed their Negro Pennsylvania when the plant was vale school supported by the Methodi>l to a bud..,et stretched to the maximum. George W. Wallace of Alabama, sched­ students to take part in varsity sports. built, insisted that he was not advocat­ Church. is studying whether to de­ Procrastination gains nothing in this uled to speak Dec. 13 to the Capital ing integration. segregate and probably will announr· area" Citizens' Council, had postponed his Political Action The commission had been talking its policy in the spring. appearance, probably until January. about whether it should take up a This was disclosed in the newsletter II The meeting was closed to the press study of the state's tax structure. dated Dec. 18 sent by President Mar· shall T. Steel to Hendrix alumni anc : i; !tho * * * for the talk by Hollis. Eeonomic Ex pansion Toomey said a study is needed, but Little R1wk Univer sity the families of students. It said that "' :.ett ~ "it is not so much the tax rate but i;,::: ;.;i:i Ra<'e Poli<'y Criticized Dr. Evans, calling the Citizens' Coun­ what it is being used for " He said both Steel and the Board of Trusteff Group Discusses r\'.Z:::Jt! cils the only organization in the United Arkansas is being held down economic­ had been spending considerable timt T.ittJp Po~k University. a private in­ !:kt l States standing unequivocably for ally mainly because of education. "The on the problem and in conferring with stitution now seeking $1,500,000 from ;eiio d stales' rights and racial integrity, Dual School s, s tein whole curriculum and philosophy of groups and individuals about what ap­ thP ouhlic for new constructio'1, was proach to take. :.&It ...: rritic:zprl for its segregation policy by talked mostly about the Communist eduaction needs to be overhauled," he No action has been taken, Dr. Sti,e S-.rt 5: N's publisher, Hugh B. systems-one for whites, one for Ne­ two school systems with duplicate sets Hendrix is a co-educational college dsa id P;itterso'l .Tr. is a member of the LRU gress. He said integ ation is a major groes-in more than half the school of superintendents, principals and with an enrollment this year of 572 ~ !A~ boa d o[ truo;tee<;. Griswolcl signed his goal of the Communists, and the South districts in the state. teachers, and is not getting the full and a reputation of being one of the ti: o .~ letter as an individual; it did not bear is the scene of their main operations in The approach was economic-that benefit of the average $240 per child it top academic schools in the state. There Ii.er tr.:1 th., name of his organization. such a practice was expensive and spends annually. the United States. are 13 pri\'ate colleges in the of Until the late 1950s, LRU was oper­ meant that the state probably was not A few days later, Go\•. Orval E. sta~ 1Etlt !or which five already have desegregated. ~ :r.i,: ated by the Little Rock public school "Whoever controls the South con­ getting all it could out of its school Faubus commented that those who to one degree or another. Ouachita ~ io.; roarrl under the terms of the will of trols the United Stales and whoever tax dollars. think the operation of white and Ne- College at Arkadelphia, supported b) I ..:;~ the late Gov. Geor~e W. Donaghey who left money and property for the Southern Baptists, has admitted theo· t':'-..t:;;.' founding or the school in 1929. It was a Tfllwt They Say logical students from Africa but not iunior college from then until 1957. In from the United States. Others desegre· 1illa1ir thP 1%0s. a court suit broke the gated at least in policy include College - s-::hool's connection with the pu blic of the Ozarks at Clarksville and Ar· 1 school board and a new board of Fauhus's Father Differs on Race kansas College at Batesville (both ti~ern trustees took over. It has never re­ Presbyterian), Philander Smith Col· ceived public tax money. lege at Little Rock (Methodist, pre- ~II Griswold's letter said: Sam Faubus, 76, fatl1er of Gov. Or­ editorial about William W. Hansen of What he wanted to do, he said, was dominantly Negro) and Harding Col· a fr val E. Faubus of Arkansas, doesn't Pine Bluff, the white man who has to get Mississippi people to think about lege at S<>arcy (Church of Christ). Need Recognized agree with his son's views on the racial been helping lead Negro protests at themselves, to talk back, to argue with IJf Co "As your editorial this morning (Dec. situation or on the late President John Pine Bluff and Helena. The editorial him about his conclusions. But he said MisrPlftmPous 3) su..,qests. most Little Rockians recog­ F. K enndy. Nevertheless Faubus be­ ended with these two paragraphs: the speech has not been reported in Mississippi and he has had no argu­ nize the need for a well-financed, well­ lieves his son has been "to a great ex­ "The next spot where trouble may ments. Silver spoke al a meeting of stPffed unive,.sity Many will help in tent" the type of leader under which be expected is the City of Fayetteville Rf'ading Program the Arkansas Council on Human Re­ ti-p c•1rrent ca'llpaiim for the $1,500,000 Arkansas could fulfilJ its potential of and the University of Arkansas campus. lations, an interracial group. hopeful that this will meet the need. progress and prosperity. Already certain outside groups have The father made these remarks to Set for Summer "Some or these well-wishers recog­ moved to that city, and h ave set up Patrick J. Owens, executive edito1· of nize that money alone will not achieve headquarters. Certain Negro students the Pine Blnf] Commercial. in an inter­ * * In the summer of 1963, Irving Spitz· the desi~ed. Though LRU bears the now in attendance at the University, as * view by telephone at his home in berg Jr. of Little Rock, now a seruc name of Little Rock, one fourth of well as some white students, have been Churd1 L<'a cler Com.ider!-> Combs in the Ozark Mountains. A let­ in Columbia College, New York, or· the cilv's citizens are denied admission, besieged with propaganda, agitation, ter by the father, extolling the assas­ Situa tion 'E 1 u·o 11 ra~ i 11~· ganizC>d an advanced reading progra.'l even if they could afford its tuition. and demands that they join certain sinated President, had been placed in The Rev. Sam J . Allen, 35, who came with students from Horace Mann High "One of the unerased stains on Little planned agitation and demonstrations the Congressional Record a few days to Little Rock this fall as the first full­ School, for Negroes at Little Rock Rock's record is this: Little Roclt offi­ in the city and on the University before by Sen. J. W Fulbright, 0-Ark, time executi,·e secretary of the Arkan­ It was calJC>d the St~dent Educational r;aJs clo~ed Du-ibar Junior College [for campus. It is to the credit of many of who lives at Fayetteville, a few miles sas C o u n c i 1 of Exchange Round table (SEER). . Negroes I in 1955 and cynically refused the Negro students at Fayetteville that from Combs. Churches, state The Columbia College CitizenshlP to admit Negro students to Little Rock they have not yet succumbed to this He told Owens he approved of Ken­ affilate of the Na­ Council announced Dec. 21 that it will Junior Colle..,e, now LRU. although well-planned and executed propaganda nedy's policies, thought his son should tional Council of Or_t!anize and sponsor similar program! respected white citizens petitioned them and agitation. have gone to the President's funeral Churches, said he in 18 cities during the summer of 196-1 to do so. and thought the governor "had got em­ "One of the outside or~anizers now had found the ra­ The 18 include Washington, D.C., Ty· "Today this institution even refuses bittered for some reason or other" on in the Fayetteville area is a white cial situation very ler and Houston, Tex., Macon, Ga.. to co-oner:\tc with other lo::al institu­ the race issue. "I've never been op­ woman from St. Louis. Also, two or encouraging in Memphis. Miami Tampa and Liult tions in the professional training of posed lo any race myself. I don't hold three welJ known leaders of integra­ both the church Rock in the South. artists and nurses if that co-operation any race prejudice," he said. tion and demonstration movements and in societ v in Spitzberg was a student at Littlt ha,•e moved to FayettevilJe from the involves Negro s tudents. This under­ On the governor's part in the 1957 general. • Rock Central High School Crom l95i mines the ground for hope that it will school crisis at Little Rocle. he said, City of Little Rock." "With the crude through 1960, the vears of the desegrt°' be a city center of cultural and of "I didn't see it that way." racial barriers for gation crisis there: His senior-year p~· scientific progress. the most part re- ALLEN Ject at Columbia is to be an anal~~ "To raise $1,500,000 before these poli­ * * * moved in Arkansas, there is the best of the role of the moderate in Cl cies are changed is to subsidize illiberal * * * James W. Silver, the University of opportunity in the history of the state rights in Little Rock. ea arts and sciences, to use contradictory Fayetteville and the University of Mississippi history professor who made for creative race relations. The differ­ He believes he was deeply affect terms." Arkansas are next on the list for racial a speech Nov. 7 in North Carolina vig­ ence bet~een _Arkansas and Mississippi by the school crisis at Little R1 trouble, said the Arkansas Statesman. orously critical of Mississippi as a or Louisiana 1s the difference between "l am going to spend part of mY 1 t the weekly Little Rock paper owned "closed society", said at Little Rock night and day," he said. teaching in the South," he said. "I warJ by Gov. Faubus, in its edition of Dec. also to use mv law abilities in assiSW"'' The Capital *Citizens * *Council of Little Nov. 30 and said that everybody except The Rev. Mr. Allen, born m Memphis Rock held a "remobilization" rally Dec. 19. Mississippians had been able to read with civil-rights problems. I have h; has lived in Mississippi and Louistan~ great personal responsibility to t 2, attenileci by about 60 persons, and This was stated in a front-page what he said. all his life. · South." SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS-JANUARY, 1964-PAGE 7 DELAWARE De-la~a1·<> Highli~hts TEXAS \(n,t '' hit1• ...dwol-. do not arrcpt Negro ,-f eachers ]lra«l ic·p tPadwr,. from prt>dominant Iv "\t•f! ro l>ela\\ar1• "talt' Collq!P. a1:­ rording to it ... pn'-.ident. Huntsville Public Schools Adopt Have Difficulty The General A~~embly retained a school construction formula which awards 100 per cent state aid at Ne­ Getting Jobs gro schools and 60 per cent at white Grade-a-year Desegregation Plan schools. Gov. Elbert N. Carvel fought AUSTIN DOVER for 100 per cent at all srhools. The women at the university is racially NAACP says it has no immediate p (]BLIC SCHOOLS at Huntsville, separated. ;;LAWARE STATE COLLEGE finds Texas Highlights pion to challenge the school con­ 70 miles north of Houston, an­ The Board of Regents, however, has t virtually impossible to place D struction bill in the rou rt ~. nounced plans to start desegrega­ Trustees ordered desegregation of abolished all its requirements regard­ its Negro student teachers in public schools at Huntsville, 70 miles ing racial segregation except housing, ["'" tion next September. A grade-a­ white schools, according lo the which is involved in a lawsuit filed in year plan will begin in the ele­ north of Houston, on a grade-a-year college president. basis starting next September. U.S. District Court at Austin on Nov. in legislative limbo, and was not sent mentary school. Several other 8, 1961. Integrationists reportedly Dr. Luna I. Mishoe made a formal Dissension between a Negro mem­ to the governor, who must take action Texas schools previously an­ raised $2,500 to finance the lawsuit, appeal to the State Board of Education within 10 days ber of the Houston school board and which U.S. District Judge Ben Rice has to "find a sufficient number of public nounced similar plans for 1964. other members broke into the open. Subsequently. HB 469. which called under advisement. schools in the state of Delaware which Sam Houston State Teachers College A federal judge refu!ted to modify The University of Texas was deseg­ will accept our student teachers." for the state to p• ovide 100 per cent at in Huntsville is one of five tax-sup­ all schools, was introduced by Rep. his desegregation order for the Hous­ regated on the graduate level in 1950 The student body at Delaware State ported senior colleges in Texas still ton schools, reje<.: ting a Negro pa­ by U.S. Supreme Court order, and in Paul E . Shockley of Wilmington. maintaining segregation. Fourteen are College at Dover. 1s predominantly tron's request to aboliQh segregation 1956 all classroom segregation was Negro. HB 469 received 22 of 27 votes desegregated. abolished. Student teachers are required to needed when it was called to the floo r immediately in kindergarten. on Dec. 4 but the roll call was tabled, Former Gov. Price Daniel branded The only segi egation remaining is in complete one semester of practice housing, and some boys' dormitories teaching in the public schools to meet which allowed further consideration. The Houston* school * board* became in­ as "the most extreme smear o( all" a magazine article by a University are biracial. Negroes also are pushing certification standards S<'t up by the Rep. Shockley appeared to be making volved in a hot argument between Mrs. for employment of Negro faculty state. progress on Dec. 11 when two of the Charles White, its Negro member, and of T exas faculty member implying members at the university. But Delaware State, according to the four Democrats who failed to support that President Kennedy's assassina­ some white board members. After Mrs. Lynda Bird Johnson, a sophomore statement, finds its efforts "severely the bill indicated they were having White declared that the board some­ tion could be blamed on '·white ~u­ and perhaps unnecessarily limited by second thoughts. student, previously had announced times gave the impression it is "anti­ premacy extremi~ts." plans to leave the University of Texas the lack of sufficient public schools American," President Joe Kelly Butler Directors announced that varsity accepting our student teachers." Condition.. Attacke:l at the end of the semester. She is ex­ demanded I.hat she apologize. He called athletics at Te>.as Technological Col­ pected to enroll at some college in the But both Rep. Gl"iinville T. Low placing some practice teachers in its and I finally just got sick of it." It blamed the slaying on the "back­ s\·stem in the next semester. The amendment. by Rep. Wilbert E. Of Varsity Sports ground and attitudes of the people of . Student teachers are normally as­ Hocker. Millville. would have increased Legal Action this state (Texas) and city (Dallas)" the bond issue from S60.175.125 to and said that Mis­ signed to ~chools near the colleges. Dr. Directors of Texas Technological sissippi w o u 1 d Lloyd said, but student teachers from S106,875.125, \\ ith the $46.700.000 differ­ Colege at Lubbock announced imme­ have been an­ Delaware State Colege are required to ence to be used to eliminate the bonded U. S. Judge Refuses diate desegregation of intercollegiate indebtedness or all school districts in athletics, following the lead of The other likely spot travel to one of the three all-Negro for such a crime county high schools, or to Wilmington. the state. University of Texas and some others To Modify Order to occur. lo practice teach. Manv OP'" Onents of the 100 per cent in the Southwest Athletic Council. bill h;d a gucd it was unfair to dis­ (SSN, December, 1963.) Daniel told a "The college faces a large transpor­ Youn g Men's tation problem and we want to find tricts aln'ady in cif'bt as a result of In Houston Cas~ Texas Tech, at Lubbock, first ad­ past construction. mitted Negroes in 1961 aAd currently Christian Asso­ some satisfactory solution to it," Dr. ciation meeting it But HB 469 desoite vil(o1·ous efforts has an estimated 45 Negroes among its Lloyd said. U.S. District Judge Ben C. Connally is regrettable that bv its p~oponents. died a!; the Assembly 12,036 students. The statement from Dr. Mishoe. refused to modify his order for grade­ some Americans finished its 90-day session and went Two Negroes at the University of which outlined the importance of a- year desegregation of Houston pub­ attempt to blame into recess until February Texas became the first of that race to teacher training, said "it is no lons;er lic schools, which began in September, 'right-wing ex- DANIEL apply for varsity athletics, both seeking possible for the few schools accepting Gov Carvel at five minutes before 1960. (Ross v. Butler) tremists" for killing Kennedy when our students to carr v our practice midnight on Dec. 16. signed HB 426. a Joe D. Anderson, a Negro, sought to places on the track team. James Means graduated from predominantly-white the facts indicate plainly it was done leaching load; neither is it desirable to S60-million omnibus school bond bill have the court order admission of his by a left- wing Marixst "who had spent be limited exclush·ely to such an ar- which retains the 60-40 formula. five- year-old daughter to an all-white Austin High School in Austin, while Cecil Carter graduated from Dunbar more time in Russia than in Dallas." rangement." · HB 426 would ha\•e become law al kindergarten a block and a half from Worse than distortions by Radio midni11ht without the p:ovf'rnor's sig­ their home, rather t.han going a mile High for Negroes at Fort Worth. Coach Jack Patterson said the Texas Moscow, said Daniel, are "articles by LPl{islative Action nature. and a half to a kindergarten for Ne­ otherwise respectable writers in our groes. track squad must be trimmed to 40 men by spring, but announced "if any own country who ... associate (Lee Connally said that Anderson "in Harvey) Oswald's act with the "in­ Let!al .4rtio11 effect is asking that the program for prejudice is shown at all, it will be in Assembh- R~tains favor of these boys." tolerance of white supremacy extrem­ orderly transition from a segregated ists.'" No Court Aetion to an integrated school system be "Thus far, there is not the slightest Pattern for Aid junked and that all of the schools be * * * evidence that any American extrem­ subject to immediate integration." Secret Service men removed Lynda ist group, right or left, advocated per­ Of Constru<'lion Seen ln1n1~diat~ly The judge added that the Houston Bird Johnson, daughter of the Presi­ sonal violence on the president, or school board had wanted to have dent and Mrs. Johnson, from Kinsolv­ that Oswald had any connection with On School MPasure kindergartens desegregated first, but ing Dormitory on the University of any group of otherwise loyal American The General Assembly. contrary lo that Negro patrons had expressed the Texas campus in advance of a demon­ citizens. the wishes of Gov Elbert N. Can·el. desire to begin wit.h first grader.>, stration for total desegregation of hous­ "Certainly he had no "white suprem­ retained the traditional pattern of stale There is no plan to challenge imme­ which was done. Kindergarten, voca­ ing on the campus. Twenty-three per­ acy" connections, and this group is aid for construction ;it white and Ne­ d1atelv in court a $60-million school tional and adult education classes are sons, mostly Negro students, picketed hardly known in this state or in Dallas, gro schools. construction bill that continues state scheduled to be the last desegregated­ with signs across the street from the Consequently, the slate will continue aid of 100 per cent at Negro schools in 1972. all- white girls dormitory. Housing for (See TEXAS, Page 8) lo pay 100 per cent of the cost at Nt.:­ and 60 per cent at white schools, ac­ gro schools and 60 cording to an NAACP spokesman. per cent at white Littleton P Mitchell. stale NAACP Under Survey schools, with the prcsidf'nt, s;iid on Dec. 18. two days remaining 40 per <1ller Go,· Elbert N Can·el signed the cent raised by bill into law. that he knows of no ' taxation within fo rthcoming legal moves. ° ~egislation requir­ said the bill was being studied for The Texas Commission on Higher meeting the standards required at pre­ first place," wrote Laws. . ~' ing the stale to possible action. Education, coordinating agency for dominantly-white schools. ~ Pay all con.struc­ One constitutional authority said "The answer to the problem of Ne­ ol ~ lion costs at all there may be no basis for a suit until state colleges, indicated it will study This brought a request !or review groes competing with whites on the in 1964 the "educational gap" between C : schools came from the honds are sold and the money ap­ from Clarence A. Laws of Dallas, re­ graduate and post graduate levels Assembly mem- CARVEL white and Negro students. gional secretary, National Association r.. : 0 plied in a segregated manner must be found in providing equal edu­ bers from Wilmington. where the pu­ This came to attention recently when for Advancement of Colored People. cational opportunities for Negroes from pil population is now prl'clominantly :11entioned Earlier comm1SS1on members discussed the He said the commission should make the kindergarten through college." !i' Negro. The legal issu<' had been mentioned need for continuing Texas' participation an early, serious examination of edu­ Dr. Lester E. Harrell Jr., TSHE di­ cation available to ''Negroes and other HB 426, which passed the House on earlier bv both Gov. Can·el and Sec­ in financing Meharry Medical and rector, indicated that Laws will be Sept. 11, put the slate aid on a sliding retarv of State Elisha Dukes. Dental College in Tennessee, in view minority groups and to provide a single asked to make a presentation of the ocale apparently based on the numbt>1· Go~r. Carvel, who endorsed a bill of the fact that stale medical and standard of high education for all citi­ problem to the commission's April dental schools in Texas have abol­ of Negroes in each district. whereby the state would ha\•e paid zens as quickly as possible." meeting, with some preliminary dis­ But a Senate amendment restored ished racial discrimination. (SSN, De­ 100 rer cent of the construction cost at "The solution of the problem of Ne­ ' the 60-40 formula and subsequent at­ both white and Negro schools, for that cember 1963.) cussion by the staff earlier. The agency -!J- tempts in the House !or a 100 per cent reason delayed signing HB 426, which Lee Lockwood of Waco, commission gro professionals, as well as non-pro­ is looking toward eliminating dupli­ ~,! across the board formula failed retains the 60-40 fo~mula. chairman, said that continuing a dual fessionals, is not lo be found in per­ cation of white and Negro college fa­ f(. The 100 per cent proponents. includ- Dukes al<;o expres~ed concern. "If a system of higher education has been petuating a haven for the educationally cilities, although Dr. Harrell said he I IIlg Gov. Carvel, fought until the As- court case results. we will not be able requested by leading Negro educators, handicapped and inferior, but rather foresees a long- time need for higher ., ~mbJy recessed on Dec 13. to sell any bonds authorized. since t~e first thing we certify is that there rs partly because Negroes reaching col­ I.he elimination of those inequalities education geared specially to the Ne­ °-I For, while HB 426 finished its lcgis- lege too often lark the preparation for which precipitate handicaps in the gro student. tJ ! lative journey on Oct. 11, it remained no litigation.'' h<' said. I PAGE 8-JANUARY, 1964-SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS SOUTH CAROLINA Hearings Begin on Darlington County Desegregation

to assure tha t "there shall be deduc~ COLUMBIA Jr., Cordel and Forrest Sims, children tee to work with the governor and Crom the total state funds going to that of Mr. and Mrs. Whitfield Sims. other committees concerned with edu­ RELIMIN ARY MOTIONS in an 18- school district a sum representing the Sims told a reporter his children are S.C. Highlights cation to improve vocational education mon th-old suit aimed at de­ state per-pupil expenditure, regardless P in the 11th, 10th and ninth grades and in the public schools. U.S. Oi'itrict Judge Robert Mart in of whether that pupil was transferring segregating the public schools of the Stanley youngsters are in the sev­ It said its purpose was to assure that began hearings on an HI-month-old from a public school or had previously flJ: ~ Darlington County were heard by enth and fourth grades. "more graduates can qualify for jobs attended a private school. dent U.S. District Judge J. Robert Among the several defendants in the i>uit to desegregate the Jluhlic schools or admission to the several technical T "Otherwise, a district or county could r· Martin Dec. 18. action 31·e the board of trustees of the of agricultural Darlington County. education centers for advanced train­ .,kepa Darlington district, Area 1 Supt. G. C. .\fembers of the Hou<,e Ways and ing .. rc.""Cei\·e grant funds for pupils who :J racial Although the case, Stanley et al ti. previously had enrolled in private Magnum and County Supt. of Educa­ .\feans Committee praised the (The SSN article in December on Darlington County School District No. schools and were not being counted for ter fire tion Russell C. King. technical education quoted an official 1, was first filed on May 29, 1962, the progre!'s made by the ;,tale's new state allocations. And if that were per. wa.5 a sf of the program as saying that, although hearing came unexpectedly. Reside in City and partially desegreirated technical mitted, obviously allocations for other 7'rie ~ it 20 Negroes are currently studying in Judge Martin, who last August or­ training program as the state's counties and districts would be ;..,:e::ct All five children live in Attendance the various desegregated centers, be­ re­ dered South Carolina's first-and so far School (Segregation) Committee duced." ;~t (rot only-public school desegregation in Area 1, centered in the City of Darling­ tween 400 and 500 others had been called for an improved program of (~ a! Charleston, was conducting a term of ton. Other attendance areas in the dis­ turned down for lack of qualifications, vocational education in the public · ·n,i1 f-.~,;:~ federal court in Florence, 10 miles from trict are centered at Hartsville and La­ along with several thousand whites.) Commu11ity Action the Darlington County seat of Darling­ mar. i-chools that could provide more ~.v~da . F ton. Routine motions were heard at the <.tuden t~ for the ad\ anrrd technical Committee\ Course Pondered ' Talialu l,')Olltl He and Judge C. C. Wyche have Dec. 18 hearing. Judge Martin asked progress. The Gresselte Committee statement Stat<~ NAACP Lists the attorneys to file summaries of their 1io:J!IU: worked alone against jammed and Segregation Committrc Chairman on vocational education caused at least growing court dockets in the state for arguments, and he promised rulings on ~;f of. L. ~larion Gressette again came out one political columnist (the unsigned more than a year. During that period, them after Jan. 6. Such rulings could Goals for 196 l ~nt ,1 against re-enactment of a compul­ author of the State House column in South Carolina's other two federal clear the way for a trial of the suit. the Columbia State) to ponder whether t ron:err judgeships have been vacant-the ob­ In one motion heard, the defense sorv bchool attendance law after a the committee is changing its direction. Among its goals for 1964, the South ftitSU!P' jectives of a number of active candi­ asked that the names of all but the nu~her of individual!, called for The column noted that another special Carolina NAACP says, are early rul­ °' l)ec. dates. first of the plaintiffs (Theodore Whit­ such action following a census of committee and several special ones are ings in pending desegregation cases ~an It is understood that the nomination more Stanley) be stricken from the '-Choo! dropouti:.. working on general education problems against school districts in four counties ~.n;!atem complaint. of the state. ;o;e oi of U. S. Rep. Robert Hemphill of South A Xegro woman. who had an­ and that the Gressette Committee was ~! Carolina's Fifth Congressional Circuit Another defense motion asked dis­ nounced a s a candidate for a Rock specifically created to handle segrega­ On federal court dockets are suits :.i1CttY was in Presi:ient Kennedy's desk at missal of the suit on grounds that the tion matters. from Greenville, Clarendon, Sumter (il I hear it (the Dar­ other persons and does not show that as far as possible, the state's separate mittee last year. Bi)1 I lington case) . " school systems for whites and Negroes. there are "others similarly situated." No Funds as Yet arr= The five minor Alto: neys for the Negroes cited other Later in the month (on Dec. 19) , the Campus Den1ocrals et r.rspe1 defendants in the cases which haJ been declared class Segregation Committee, better known The bill authorized the program but µ.1.". case are Theodore actions. as the Gressette Committee after its appropriated no funds. Several school ~ studt W. and Emily Darlington is primarily an agricul­ chairman, Stale Sen. L. Marion Gres­ districts, including Charleston, have in­ Adopt Rt~solulions; :! 00ard Stanley, children tural county located in the state's sette, met and dicated they plan to operate under the ~ asked. :>f Mr. and Mrs. northeas tern Pee Dee section. Tobacco "reviewed the progrnm. Arouse Controversr '.ht 1'0 Arthur W. Stan­ is the main crop, The city is nationally status of the An Associated Press sampling of 115 •·as 1 ley, and Whitfield MARTIN famous in racing circles as the home schools of the legislative opinion indicated the funds .~ bi on Uni· of the Darlington International Race­ state generally in needed would be provided, although The Young Democrats of the .lllD Cir vcrsity of South Carolina stirred up a way, site of the "Southern 500," oldest regard to what perhaps at the expense of the local Ell ft! controversy on and off the campus in major s tock-car race in the country. might be neces­ school districts rather than the state. i.ed ff Texas The county's 1960 population was 52,- sary" in the light Twenty-two lawmakers who replied early December by adopting a wide­ :3t th 928. of recent court Lo the AP questionnaire said they ranging series of resolutions in sup­ (Continued From Page 7) b adr Its 15,723 school children-slightly orders. would vote for such funds; nine said port of doctrines and issues frequentlr ii.rd oi opposed in this area. where integration has proceeded more more than half of whom are Negro­ Such orders they would not and four gave no firm :be in peacefully than in any state or large attend 15 white and 12 Negro schools. have recently de- answer. (There are 46 senators and 124 Among the means suggested to guar· :a •os city in the South." Negro high schools, however, outnum­ segregated the representatives in the S. C. General antce "the protection of civil liberties' GRESSETIE University of Assembly.) ber white, 4 to 3. was "the right of an individual to at· .:i:- wuri5 Political Action The list of plaintiffs' attorneys in the South Carolina, Clemson College and The s trongest opposition, perhaps, tend a school, vote, or hold a job with· Stanley case include most of those who the public schools of school District 20 came from Rep. Harris P. Smith of out limitation because of sex, race, re­ have argued other desegregation cases in Charleston County. Pickens. "I did not support the tuitions ligion or political affiliation." F in the state. The group is headed by grants bill," he said. "My position is Other resolutions advocated the ibt President's Friend Matthew J . Perry and Lincoln C. Jen­ Problems Lighten that it could not s tand a court test abolishment of the House Un-Ameri· ~ kins of Columbia and includes the A statement released after the closed and would be detrimental to the public can Activities and the Senate Internal t:Mi ag Wins Congress Race NAACP's New York staff of Jack meeting said that ''incident" to its pri­ school system ..." Security committees and supported a lll:n~ Greenberg, Mrs. Constance Baker Mot­ cabinet-level Department of Urban ~.r mary mission, the committee is con­ Say!t Plan ·won't Work' ley and J ames M. Nabrit III. cerned with the progress of public edu­ Affairs, the U.N., the Peace Corps, the ~ . J. (Jake) Pickle, long- time po­ ~ · Rep. Pat Lindler of Lexington said, nuclear test ban, the right of self-de­ · Mrs. F litical associate of President L yndon cation and "finds that the problems "One hundred and seven ty legislators termination of all peoples, academic ~ B. Johnson. was elected Congressman Legislative Action tend to diminish in intensity with the general improvement of the public know the tuitions grants thing won't freedom for faculty members of insli· r.o ~ d from . the Tenth Dis trict of Texas by a work in the long run." tutions of higher learning and non­ ~Mi margin of 27,206 to 16,037 in a runoff schools and the advancement of the Sen. Francis B. Nicholson of Green­ discrimination in labor unions. ~cl with Jim Dobbs, conservative Republi­ Technical Program general economic level." can. The statement further said that the wood said he would vote to implement committee had appointed a subcommit- the program if an amendment is added ( See S. C., Page 9) Pickle, a Democrat, resigned as -- member of the Texas Employment Lauded; Attitude Commission to make the race to suc­ Schoo/men ceed Homer Thornberry, who became Of Group Pondered a U.S. dis trict court judge. Pickle, 49, de­ The accomplishments of South Caro­ scribed himseli as lina's new technical education program, Negro Dropouts Outnuinher White a "p e r s on a I whi::h was opened to Negro applicants friend" of Presi­ almost from its inception, were praised dent Johnson, but Dec. 11 during a session of the state A statewide census to determine the heard proposal for a solution was the a d d e d "I'm no House Ways and Means Committee. number of school dropouts in South re- enactment of a compulsory-attend­ The accolades came during the ap­ rubber stamp." Carolina showed that more than 10,000 ance law. The York County* * B*oard of Election pearance of 0. Stanley Smith, chair­ He indicated pos­ school-age children are not attending This step was strongly opposed by Commissioners ruled Dec. 30 that a Ne· man or the State Technical Education sible differences school. Two-thirds of them are Negroes, Calhoun County Sen. L . Marion Gres­ gro woman. who had announced as 1 Commission. Smith asked that his bud­ with the presi­ who constitute about 40 per cent of sette m a s tatement Dec. 11. Sen. Gres­ candidate for the county's District 3 get for fiscal 1904-65 be increased by d e n t on civil- the state's population. selle hea::ls the S. C. Sch ool Commit­ school board, filed too late and $214,000 to expand the program. was rights legislation, PICKLE The incomplete figure, announced by tee, which is charged with maintaining not eligible to run in the Jan. 9 elec· Smith noted that 3,468 people had although prnmising to support "a bill the State Department of Education segregation in the state's schools. At Lion. been placed in better paying (by an to give all Americans full civil rights." Dec. 4, was 10,413. It exceeds the total the suggestion or the Gressette Com­ Mrs. Maggie S. Bailey, a Rock average of $9 per week) jobs as of Hill Most Negro voters apparently had population of the state's smalles t coun­ mittee, an earlier compulsory-attend­ teacher, attempted to file Dec. 26 but September. 1963-or before the ma­ supported former State Rep. Jack Rit­ ty, McCormick. ance law was taken off the state's books was told she was probably too late. jority of the modern centers were ter Jr. in the race, but Ritter was 111 1956. The filing deadline, under law, is opened in major South Carolina cities. Still to be heard from were Green­ 15 eliminated in the first election on Nov. He said such a law would "greatly This, he said, accounted for additional ville, the state's second most populous days before the election, or Dec. 24.ted 9 and gave a last- minute endorsement er:danger our present school system in personal income of $1.5 million. county, and Dillon. The delay in Mrs. Bailev said she had not coun to Pickle. view of what we are facing al this Christmas Day in figuring the 15 days. Smith was asked about the policy of Greenville was due to the fact that the time." The election board asked for the admitting Negroes. He said that, since school district there, which includes the whole county, was undertaking an He said attendance was better now opinion of Attorney General Daniel R the physical facilities for the centers than when the law was in force and At Houston, *former * City* Councilman are financed primarily out of local elaborate census to be used in project­ McLeod before ruling her ineligible. ing attendance figures and school hold­ insisted that laws on the books are She was a candidate for the school Louie Welch won the mayor's race funds, there is no statewide policy in sufficient if they are enforced properly. against Bob Hervey, a political new­ regard to Negroes and local centers are ing power over a period of years. board in 1961 and polled 188 votes. f!'.e referred to a child-neglect law After being declared ineligible, she comer. Bill Elliott, a Republican, de­ free to adopt their own admission rules. Economic hardship was given as the which, among other things, makes par­ feated Dr. C. W. Thompson, Negro In other words, he added, the admis­ No. 1 reason for leaving school. said she was disappointed but recon· ents over 21 responsible if they will­ ciled to the decision. She added that physician and Democrat, by 72,954 sion policy is based strictly on qualifi­ The cens us was ordered by the legis­ fully and knowingly encourage a mi­ lature when statistics showed South she thought it would be useful to have votes to 43,855, in one of four races cations. nor "to become and be habitually tru­ for council membership. The council He admitted to the money-bill writ­ Carolina youth faring poorly in Selec­ ant." a Negro on the board and said she tive Service mental tests and other ed­ would have worked for a more liberal has white members only. Hervey ran ers that "several" are desegregated. Sen. Gressette said he believes that ucational criteria. sick leave policy and for enlargement for mayor as "a personal friend" of This was the first public statement on persons who favor a compulsory-at­ U.S. Attorney General Robert Ken­ this, although the policy had been As the s tale moved to attack the of overcrowded schools. . tendance have not "given s ufficient She indicated she would run agaJJI nedy. previously announced. dropout problem, the most recently thought lo the subject." in the future. SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS-JANUARY, 1964-PAGE 9 FLORIDA GEORGIA Florida Highlights Participation of students and fac­ Participation in Protests ulty memher~ in racial demon..,tra­ Desegregation Continues tions has created a sharp j ... sue in the state unhersity system. Teacher-, in Dade County began a Debated in Universities fund-rai<.ing campaign to help sup­ Without Major Incidents port freP. private biracial schools in Prince Edward County, Va. MIAMI action recommended by that group. A second desegregation suit wao; ATLANTA HE RIGHT of university stu­ Jones was involved in the same inci­ dents and faculty members to dents resulting in suspension of the filed against the Bay County (Pana­ rLANTA HAS HAD more than Georgia Highlights T ma City) 8chool board. A two years of experience with take part in or give moral support two FAMU students. He was convicted later of trespass when he and three A "if'gro v.a" the apparent 'ictor desegregated public schools, but No serious incidents have taken to racial demonstrations was un­ other picketed an off-campus restau­ in an election for c:chool trustf'e in no serious incidents have resulted place as a result of desegregation in Indian Ri,er County. der fire in Florida, and the result rant that refuses to serve Negroes. from this first mixing of white Savannah, Athens and Brunswick, was a spreading controversy. The FSU student newspaper, The the three communities which accepted and Negro students in Georgia The situation was touched off last Flambeau, carried a full-page adver­ Negroes in white schools for the first September when some 350 students, tisement paid for by 116 members of right to be thinking person and a par­ classrooms. time in the fall of 1963. most from Florida A&M University the faculty asking that restaurant ticipating citizen in community activi­ Savannah, Brunswick and Athens Plans to improve Negro education have had only a little more than three with a sprinkling from Florida State facilities near the FSU and FAMU ties should develop into a continuing were unveiled by the Southern Asso­ months of desegregated schools but, University and the University of campuses be desegregated as a tribute haggle between the administrative (or ciation of Colleges and Schools. to the late President Kennedy. a check by SoUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS Florida, picketed a segregated theater political) power groups and the schools Leading Negro educators praised a This was interpreted by some in themselves, it would be a dangerous reveals, their experiences parallel that in Tallahassee. of Atlanta. recent Negro leadership conference About 150 were arrested for violating Tallahassee as a defiance of the Board threat to the entire educational pro­ Information concerning situations in but Dr. Martin Luther King said Ne­ a court injuction limiting the size and of Control. cess." desegregated schools is sometimes diffi­ groes are di~ppointed in Atlanta's • tvpe of demonstration. Two FAMU President Called In cult to obtain. Administrators say they racial image, and he warned that siudent leaders who were convicted have been plagued by a number of of contempt for violating the order Earlier, the board had called in Dr. * * * time is running out. Student Editors Uphold press, radio, television and magazine Plans for a "vigorous voter regis­ were suspended by a faculty committee. Gordon W. Blackwell, FSU president, reporters but their reluctance to talk tration drive" to break up a conserva­ On Dec. 6, the state Board of Control for questioning about faculty activity Right lo Speak on I ssue stems more from a desire not to "rock m racial matters. Board members cited tive coalition in Congress were an­ denied an appeal by the students for Editors of student publications of the boat." All shared the traumatic the case of 10 professors who solicited nounced by Dr. King. 11!instatement, Mrs. Patricia Stephens junior colleges in eight South Florida experience of desegregating a Deep Due of Miami and Reubin Kennon of money to pay fines for students ar­ South school and indicated that they rested for picketings and sit-ins. counties, meeting at Boca Raton, up­ Lake City. held the right of students to speak out do not wish to call attention to them­ Dr. Charles Forman, board member and t.he board named by the George Albion, attorney for the Ne­ in racial matters, and the duty of cam­ selves or to their schools. associa­ from Fort Lauderdale, said the faculty tion's executive committee help get gro students, asked that the suspen­ pus editors to discuss the subject with­ to members were "embarassing the uni­ Chatham County the project started includes two promi­ sions be set aside on technicalities. out fear of reprisal. vesity and all of us." He demanded The schools in Chat.ham County (Sa­ nent Atlantans: Dr. John W. Letson, They said the faculty committee was Discussing the controversy over stu­ to know whether Dr. Blackwell ap­ vannah) were desegregated in the fall superintendent of schools and Dr. Ruf­ not set up in accordance with rules in dent demonstrators, the editors urged proved of these acts. of 1963 by federal court order after us Clement, president of Atlanta Uni­ the students' handbook and that con­ that students' rights be not abridged. Dr. Blackwell said the university lengthy litigation. Twenty-one Negroes versity. tempt of court is not a crime as defined "I don't think the university is justi­ had taken "strict disciplinary action" attend the 12th grades in two high It is anticipated that four to seven Ill the university rules. fied in expelling students if the stu­ against students who violated laws or schools. "centers" would be based in various Arguments Rejected campus regula­ dents arc mature and are demonstrators There have been no incidents in Southern communities, each to cost in a good cause," said Ron Johnson, tions. He defend­ school or on the school grounds as a $1,200,000 over a five-year period. The The board rejected the arguments. editor of the Palm Beach Junior Col­ ed, however, the result of desegregation and so far as "centers" would be designed to streng­ It also denied a plea by Ralph Odum, lege publication. "But I can see the professors' right is known no complaints have been then the full range of instruction from assistant attorney general, to bring in administration's viewpoint and I don't t o independent heard from any of the white teachers elementary school to college. the full records of the students. Both think the administration is predjudiced action, declaring who have Negro students in their class­ "This program will raise the total students have been active in other if some are expelled because they take they were "moti­ rooms. Not all o( the Negro students cultural level of the community as well demonstrations as members of the advantage of t.hc situation." vated by humane are getting passing grades. as seek out promising youngsters who Congress of Racial Equality. Adrienne Katz, editor of the Miami­ considerations." Some of the Negro students partici­ otherwise might not be able to go Baya Harrison, Board of Control Dade Junior College newspaper, said through high school or college," an The board criti­ pate in school clubs, the school band chairman, said the decision to uphold civil rights is a moral issue and stu­ Atlanta educator said. cized the F S U and in the Reserve Officers Training the suspensions was not based on "fine dents should be able to support it Corps but Negroes do not participate The project has already received a p r e s i d e n t for points." "Isn't it more important that without fear. in sports because of the regulations $405,000 grant from the Danforth Foun­ "allowing" fa c­ the students get a fair hearing-that BLACKWELL "What I do on my own time is my or t.he Georgia Athletic Association. dation. Grants from other private the board is not stacked against them?" ulty members to own business," she declared. "But if As to the general attitude of white foundations will be sought as well as he asked. solicit funds or otherwise take part in demonstrations interfered with my students toward the Negro students, public funds to finance the effort. The vote to back the FAMU authori­ matters of racial controversy. studies, the university would have the some of the whites are resentful but The association is composed of some ties was unanimous. right to discipline me." this has not erupted into incidents. 385 colleges, 2,600 high schools and Academic Freedom 4,000 elementary schools. It is the re­ Albion said a suit pending in the Clarke County Leon Circuit Court to have the stu­ The Gainesville Sun, which often gional accrediting agency. Dr. Frank Political Action In Clarke County (Athens), volun­ reflects thinking in the university com­ G. Dickey, executive director, hopes the dents reinstated would be reopened. tarily desegregated last fall, the same munity, commented that the board's new project can be launched by next , filed earlier, the case was delayed general observations can be made. No rebuke of Dr. Blackwell and the FSU fall. 1rhile the two petitioners completed Negro Leads Race one has voiced any strong pro or con their administrative appeal with the faculty members raises a crucial ques­ opinions on desegregation and it is Miscellaneous Board of Control. tion of academic freedom. For School Board known the situation is "touchy," but The immediate issue raised by the "Does a professor surrender his no incidents have taken place. The case was only part of the situation. individual liberty as a citizen when Negroes are getting passing grades Walter M. Jackson of Gifford was Other aspects concern other agencies he signs his university contract?" the but do not participate in extra-curric­ LaGrange Students the apparent winner in an election for and universities. newspaper asked editorially. "Dr. ular activities at the school. No white Blackwell believes that a faculty can­ the three-man board of school trustees teachers have complained about having Other Aspects Polled on Issue not or should not be chosen on the of Indian River County, He would be to teach Negroes. ba!iiS of whether their social and the first Negro to win such a post in The Florida State University dis­ The 11th grade in one senior high A survey by the college newspaper economic views coincide with those of the county's history. uptinary committee has recommended school, the seventh grade in one junior revealed that 70 per cent of the stu­ ilction against a white student who was a special group which currently may Jackson led by virtue of a flood of high and the third grade in one ele­ write-in votes although his name was dents at LaGrange College believe edu­ convicted twice for ta.king part in have influence. mentary school are desegregated. Five cation should ideally be on a separate not on the official ballot. Court action Negroes in ail attend desegregated demonstrations against segregated facil­ "The attempted curtailment of the but equal basis, but three-fourths or ities. personal and civil rights of a teacher is may be necessary to remove any ques­ schools. tion about the outcome. the i;tudents expressed willingness to Mrs. Katherine Warren, FSU dean not a new development, but it is being Glynn County accept qualified Negroes in their stu­ highlighted by the new look the nation . Stephen H. Jones, 26, of Tallahassee, Sclwolmen Six Negroes attend the 12th grade dent body. who is doing graduate work in econo- is taking at its constitutional bill of at the only white high school in Glynn LaGrange is a private, Methodist-af­ r1 mies. Mrs. Warren, disciplinary com­ rights. County (Brunswick). There has been filiated college with a coeducational all­ auttee chairman, did not disclose the "If this controversy over a teacher's Teachers Group no friction but some white students white student body of about 500. are reported resentful. Thirty-nine- per cent of the total Moves To Assist school enrollment in Chatham is Negro. Atlanta aldermen* * agreed * without de- In Clarke, it is 35 per cent. In Glynn, bate to revoke all of the city's segrega­ South Carolina Virginia Project it is 30 per cent. tion ordinances. Some already had been In Atlanta, the figure is 52 per cent. overuled by federal court decisions. There has been desegregation of super­ (Continued From Page 8) Dade County's desegregated Class­ visory personnel, the adult education Community Action Another urged the adoption of a list of top South Carolina news stories room Teachers Association has organ­ program, the school detective force and strong compulsory school attendance in 1963. ized a campaign to raise funds for free in other fields. Grades nine through 12 are desegregated and 145 Negroes law in South Carolina. Such a law was Voted the top news story of the year private desegregated schools in P rince attend former white schools. Atlanta Negro Educators Wiped off the state's books after the by newspaper editors and radio-';l'V Edward County, Va. school officials, however, do not report Supreme Court's desegregation decision news directors was the desegregation Public schools there were shut down Of 1954, during the year of two state-supported four years ago to avoid desegregation. enrollment by race and figures must Laud Conference be obtained elsewhere. . The resolutions were passed by vary­ colleges (Clemson and the University Negro children were without public of South Carolina) and the public school facilities until arrangements lllg margins on Nov. 19 but were not For Leadership lllade public until Dec. 6. schools of Charleston. were made this !all for a private These events, which gave South desegregated system. The Dade * * * Miss Reba Hutto, president of the Large Program Announced The recently organized Negro leader­ organization, said at the time that some Carolina its first biracial public schools, teachers will help finance this opera­ were accomplished without violence. tion To Aid Negro Education ship conference in Atlanta was praised of the resolutions adopted "were not by leading educators in the Atlanta The passage by the General Assem­ A donation of $500 from CTA A multimillion-dollar program to llldicative of the feeling of the whole University (Negro) complex. bly of tuition-grants bill-designed treasury was authorized as a starter. improve Negro education was announ­ rup." She said approximately 30 stu- Dr. Frank Cunningham, president of to provide parents with an allemative No goal was set but the teachers will ced by the Southern Association of ents had been present at the meeting. Morris Brown College, said positive The actions were subsequently de­ to mixed schooling-was named Top solicit gifts from the public as well as Colleges and Schools which has head­ quarters in Atlanta. The association action in bettering race relations should ~unced by many groups, including the teaching personnel. be possible but urged that more heads Story No. 5. convened last month in Memphis, Tenn. tale Young Democrat organization, In seventh place of the list of 10 was of institutions of learning be invited \'htch is not directly affiliated with the the desegregation issue at Baptist-sup­ to such conferences. llniversity club. * * * Dr. Benjamin E. Mays, president of ported Furman University at Green­ State Cabinet Upholds HDuring .the ensuing controversy, Miss Morehouse College, called for increas­ Utto resigned as president of the club. ville. Its board of trustees 'oted to ad­ Refusal to Transfer ed participation in local and national mit qualified Negroes but the State After a public hearing, the state government affairs and said this is one it·1•ce llaneoua Baptist Convention postponed the ac­ cabinet, composed of the govemor and of the best ways of getting to the heart of race problems. tion for at least a year and named a other elected officials, upheld refusal Dr. James P. Brawley, president of - committee to study the matter. by the Pinellas school board to trans­ School Issue Tops fer a Negro first-grader to a predomi­ Clark College, said organized leader­ Two related stories made the Top nantly white school. ship is a good thing and, like Dr. Cun­ 10. One was the attendance of Negroes Mrs. Emme Lee Barron appealed ningham, regretted that leaders in the 1963 News Stories at Gov. Donald S. Russell's inaugural from the board's decision in behalf of community had not seen fit to confer with the heads of educational institu­ reception. The other was the occasion­ her daughter Sylvia. She contended LnSON CLEMENf tions. School desegregation stories and ally violent racial demonstrations in the Melrose Elementary School at St. Georgia would be one of the states oth!r related events in the field of civil (See FLORIDA, Page 16) Charleston during the summer. affected by the experimental program (See GEORGIA, Page 10) f ""'" domin•ted the "'''"lated ,.,.,,.., PAGE 10-JANUARY, 1964-SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS

NORTH CAROLINA Concord Negroes Sue for Full School Desegregation

the C~apel Hill Interracial Fellowship_ WINSTON-SALEM Miscellaneous cation increased slightly although the percentage was r educed between 1950 He said: ARENTS OF 47 Negro children N. C. Highlights and 1960. There were 38.570 whites with "The Chapel Hill School Board P filed suit Dec. 12 in the U.S. Education LeYel no education in 1950 and 38,684' in 1960. faced with ~he problem of place ~ Middle District Court in Greens­ Parents of 47 Negro children filed The percentages, however, were 2.5 of pncc . . . We are . . . faced with tr boro against the Concord City a federal suit against the Concord the population in 1950 and 2.1 in 1960. probk•m of selling. the downtown Proi~ City Board of Education, seeking full Up But Nonwhite For nonwhites the numbers fell from crty where the high school is locattd_ Board of Education, seeking full desegregation of schools at all levels. 35,555 to 32,143, and the percentages If we could sell the property I would desegregation of schools as to School Supt. Howard E. Thomp­ Lag Is Increased dropped from 7.6 to 6.5. like to ~ee one large integrated high students, teachers and other em­ c;on told the Chapel Hill Interracial White with onlv some elcmentary­ school in Chapel Hill. I am not SUrt, ployes. Fellowship he believed Chapel Hill school education ~·ere 56.2 per-cent in however, that the school board would North Carolinians 25 years old and favor the consolidation of the high The action Gill v. Concord City would be better off with one biracial 1940, 51.8 per cent in 1950 and 43.1 r older are moving upward in education, per cent in 1960. For Negroes, the per­ schools. Board of Education charged that Con­ high school than with its preQent according to State School Facts of No­ "U we can't sell the high school P:-Op. Tf.r \\'1 cord city schools are operated on a centages were 75 7 in 1940, 74.1 in 1950 white and Negro high schools. vember, 1963. The nonwhite popula­ erty by June, we will have to decid. ~I the racial basis. The Negroes are seeking: and 64.3 in 1960. The gap between the educational tion, however, has fallen further be­ on a different building plan Crnt ening. 1940 to 7.3 per cent in 1950 and 9.0 gether in every way. You can't h;,1't opportunities offered by the defendants 1940, 1950 and 1960. per cent in 1960 F igures for whites equality in the schools and have dis­ ~C!'!i rtL arc made available to students without In 1960 the median schooling for all were 5.2 percent in 1940, 9.7 percent cards and different textbooks... prepart • wori regard to race or color, wherein there North Carolinians of this age group in 1950 and 9.4 per cent in 1960. "When a pupil transfers from Ollt 3 are no racial designations in the as­ was 8.9 years, compared with 7.3 in High-school education ratios for school to another in town there 11 Rockr l signment of teachers, principals and The plaintiffs suggested an alterna­ 1940 and 7.9 in 1950. By race the whites were 28.1 per cent in 1940, 32.5 nothing in the transcripts lo indicatt ~ ;>orth other professional school personnel, and tive of a court order for the defendants medians were for whites, 7.7 in 1940, per cent in 1950 and 39.4 per cent in whether that pupil is white or colortd, ::tJUll~ f< wherein school plans, operation and to make plans for reorganization of the 8.6 in 1950 and 9.8 in 1960, and for non­ 1960. For nonwhites the percentages nor should it make any difference what Mor< r< all school activities are free from city school system into a "unitary, non­ whites, 5.1 in 1940, 5.9 in 1950 and 7.0 were 9 4 in 1940, 13.6 in 1950 and 23.3 color they are. We do not know how .:..~uar)' n racial designations and restrictions." racial" setup this (1963-64) school year. in 1960. many Negro children have been inte­ in 1960. High-school graduates totaled Th~ ~rt This action is a follow-up of a pe­ (North Carolina in 1960 had a popu­ 11.7 per cent in 1940. 11.5 per cent in grated with the white children nor do tition filed by Negro parents Sept. 3 lation of 3,399,285 whites and 1,116,021 we intend to find out." (\'Crtfntd 1950 and 21.7 per cent in 1960 for 1bert the with the school board. The parents * * * nonwhites. The totals included in the whites and 2.6 per cent in 1940, 3.4> tit at a d then sought the formation of a school Pre-Trial Hearing Set educational figures are 1,810,782 whites per cent in 1950 and 8.7 per cent in board plan for desegregation. and 496,389 nonwhites in 1960. * * * ~II COii! 1960. Greensboro city schools will conttnu• ,:Ord the In Durham County Case The 25- and-over age group comprises College attendance percentages were 50.6 percent of the total state popula­ to operate birac1ally on the same ha.a Pupil-Assignment Act Judge Edwin M. Stanley of •he U.S. for whites. 11.8 in 1940, 13.2 in 1950 as during the 1963-64 school year, Sr:~ tion, 53.3 percent of the whites and 44.4 and 15.3 in 1960. College graduate per­ D. B. Austell, chairman of the board, Middle District Court will hold a pre­ percent of the nonwhites. P. J . Weaver predicted Dec. 24. answered the original petition Sept. 25, trial hearing Feb. 18 in Durham in a centages were 5.0 in 1940, 5.9 in 1950 He noted that 200 Negro childrtn Tht Nor and 7 0 in 1960. Nonwhites finishing :1iJl Reial stating that the city school board based suit involving parents and guardians of Larger Gap In Cities are attending 10 predominantly whllt its assignments on the North Carolina 61 Negro children and the Durham some college study w ere 3.2 per cent schools in Greensboro. Last year, only el ~s.sa ~ Pupil Assignment Act. County Board of Education. There is a greater educational gap in 1940, 4.7 in 1950 a nd 6.0 in 1960. Gillespie Park School was desegn,. rr.t.:s Itri between the races in the urban areas Nonwhite graduate percentages were Through their attorney, the Negroes gated. Greensboro first desegregated ill at the uue1 Stanley set the pre-trial date after where achievement is greater for both 1.6 in 1940, 2.7 in 1950 and 3.5 in 1960. then filed suit Dec. 12, naming as de­ schools in 1957 on a voluntary basis. :.lo) peMn conferring with attorneys for both groups than there is in rural areas. fendants the Concord City Board of rr. w sides Dec. 17 in Durham. He did not In both races, the women have more Education and W. W. Hartsell, super­ .. ·ted set a trial date for the case (Thompson schooling than the men, but the dif­ Speakers Cite Job Needs. intendent of city schools. et a.l v. Durham County Board of Edu­ * * * o' Sali: ference is greater among nonwhites Schoolmen :ichmn Concord operates five elementary cation), filed July 23, 1963. (SSN, Au­ than whites. EtluC'ation Requirements schools and one high school for white gusc.) Median years of schooling in 1960 A Cllil- children and one consolidated school J obs are the key to Negro pro~ t:! t:nil·ei Various issues are expected to be were: for Negro children. Official Advo<'a1es and Negroes must have education er :!.opt! Hu ironed out in the preliminary hearing. STATE: Total, 8.9 years urban, 10.4; training before they can get belttr d p.romoti The suit seeks a temporary, then rural, 8.3; white, 9.8; urban, 11.5; rural, Each side will outline its case to the jobs, speakers concluded Dec. 11 at 1 CiilllPIL' a permanent injunction seeking to pre­ 8.8; nonwhite, 7.0; urban, 7.6; rural, Single High School 01 judge, including plans, witnesses and meeting of the Good Neighbor Council •!tung of vent the school board from: 6.5. procedures. in Charlotte. t:::!5 Con For the state, nonwhites are 2.8 • Rejecting the transfer of plaintiffs In the original suit, the Negroes For Chapel Hill The Good Neighbor Council is a H:llianl to previously all-white schools during grades behind whites, but in the urban statewide committee appointed by Goi !:'."RED l( charged that Durham County schools areas nonwhites are 3.9 grades behind. the second semester of the 1963-64 Terry Sanford to encourage employ· ~i:ahty a: were run on a segregated basis. They In the rural areas, nonwhites are 2.3 Howard E. Thompson, superintendent school year. ment of Negroes in better jobs. Th· ;:k mee' acted after their requests for transfers grades behind. of Chapel Hill schools, said he would • Assigning students to classes on had been turned down by the school MEN: Total, 8.5; urban, 10.0; rural, like to see the city operate with one group includes both Negroes anc "A: p~;t whites in membership. D. S Coltrall! :m of£ the basis of race. board. The board stated that the re­ 7.8; white, 9.2; urban, 11.1; rural, 8.4; high school for all students rather than • Making teaching assignments based quests for reassignment were made af­ nonwhite, 6.1; urban, 7.0; rural, 5.5. with its present two high schools, is chairman. "{J Xecro. Interracial good- will committee> be i.i no on race. ter the deadline set for the 1963-64 It is shown that the gaps are greater Chapel Hill, predominantly white, and school year. were invited to report to this meetin& ~XC m • Approving employment contracts, between the men of the two races than L incoln, all Negro. budgets and spending of school monies Since then, the board has assigned in the population as a whole. He made this statement Dec. 5 before (See NORTH CAROLINA, Page 11 ) ;'is 1111:e on the basis of race. four Negro students to the previously WOMEN: Total, 9.5; urban, 10.7; .oaf probl white Charles E. Jordan Junior-Sen­ rural, 8.7; white, 10.3; urban, 11.8; rural, .t

on progress made m their an'as in recent mon_ths. Reports wt•re made by representatives from Greensboro, Char­ Colleges Removed From SACS Surveillance lotte. Win.~ton-Salem and Rocky Mount. Thompson Greenwood, executi\'e direc- JACKSON • tor of the N.C. Merchants Association of the University has been maintained. civil-rights activities had resulted in and George Esser, executi\'e director of M 1ss1ss~PP1's EIGHT institutions ' "It is ow· determination to continue the school board not renewing her 1\fississippi Highlights the high quality of our education ser­ ,~ the North Carolina Fund, also spoke. of higher learning are no 1962-63 contract. vice to our students and the people longer under scrutiny of the ~[issi~:;ippi's eight institutions of Greensboro will set up a special job­ of Mississippi. U. S. District Judge Claude Clayton ~· training and retraining program early higher learning have been removed Southern Association of Colleges express my appreciation to the of Tupelo, in a Dec. 27 ruling, said .,. in 1964 lo train unskilled Negroes to fill from surveillance by the Southern "I and Schools, which had been commission for the valuable aid and that no such discrimination was at iobs specified by J?rospective employers. Association of Colleges and !:>chools. maintained because of Gov. Ross time and to the board of trustees, issue in the case. Judge Clayton noted W. 0. Conrad sn1d more than half of They had been under 8Crutiny :.ince faculty and students for their under­ Greensboro's employers have agreed Barnett's intervention in the 1962 that Mrs. Henry spent 11 years teach­ late in 1962 because of Gov. Ross standing and sympathy du1·ing this ing and during some of these years not to discriminate in hiring. enrollment of a Negro, James Barnett's actions in connection with difficult time." her activities with civil-rights groups Few Negroes Enrolled Meredith, at the University of the enrollmenl of a ' cgro, James Expressing "delight" that the insti­ Mississippi. ~1eredith, at the Uni\er;;ity of Mis­ tutions were no longer under scrutiny, were known. The Winston-Salem report indicated The threat of accreditation loss was si,~ippi. Dr. E. R. J obe, executive secretary of Pointing cut that the Mississippi sys­ that the local Industrial Education removed by the SACS at its meeting the college board, said, "we are just tem is based on a contract basis, the Center was open on a biracial basis A Citizens Educalional Association in Memphis Dec. 4 after a one-year plain folks again." to combat •·unAmerican'' teachings judge said teachers have no tenure. : I but only 13 Negroes are enrolled. and James Meredith, the first Negro to investigation brought a report that the He said the contracts are developed 200 whites. James A Nelson of Char­ integrity of the institutions, partic­ in ~1issi~sippi public schools ha" graduate from the University of Missis­ ~ I lotte recommended that school coun­ ularly the University of Mississippi, been formed. sippi, said in Washington Dec. 27 that by the principal of each school recom­ ti. selors must motivate Negro children had been maintained and there no A ~lississippi editor and a Univer­ he plans to enroll at Ibadan University mending to the county superintendent to prepare themselves for skilled tech- longer was political intervention. in Nigeria next fall. He will work of education those teachers for em­ r..· nical work. bily of Mibsibbippi professor said The major issue involved the Uni­ discrimination against Negroes is not toward an advanced degree in some ployment in his school. l! Rocky Mount will seek funds from phase of international politics or social versity of Mississippi, where Gov. Bar­ confined to the South but prevails in ~ the North Carolina Fund to set up job studies. nett physically sought to prevent Mere­ the North. 'Board Powerless' ·~ I training for Ne6'l"oes. dith's enrollment under federal court Meredith also announced he has More reports will be made at the orders. The Governor had also refused The wife of the state president of dropped plans to devote Iull time to "If the superintendent of education January meeting. Coltrane said: to enroll Meredith earlier when at the the National Association for the the James Meredilh Educational Fund agrees or disagrees with the recom­ 1 because he has concluded that "pro­ "The great mass of Negroes are more chief executive's insistence, the college Advancement of Colored People lost mendations, the board of education is viding education for the underprivi­ concerned with where they work than board had named Barnell acting regis­ a federal suit to be rehired in the powerless to employ anyone as a leged is a task the government must where they eat. Winning the right to trar. Clarksdale school ssytem. She had teacher in such public school system handle." unless the person is recommended by eat at a desegregated lunch counter is Meredith's enrollment resulted in said that after 11 years service her rioting on the campus at Oxford, the He plans to leave in April for a tl'ip the county superintendent," Judge small consolation to men who cannot contract was not renewed because of slaying of two men and the wounding to Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Clayton said. "It was plain and un­ afford the cost of the meal." her ci~il right" activities. of hundreds others. An estimated 30,000 Meredith, who was born in Attala contradicted that the county superin­ federal troops and 500 U.S. marshals County, Miss., is now a resident of tendent did not recommend the plaintiff were sent to Oxford in the midst of Washington, D.C. for employment. Hence, the board was h The North Carolina* * *Council on Hu­ the rioting and they succeeded in plac­ When the University of Mississippi without any authority to employ her However, the association warned that expelled another Negro, Cleve Mc­ r.; man Relations on Dec. 4 recommended ing Meredith on the campus and gain­ and should not therefore do so." all member institutions must resist any Dowell, last fall, Meredith had an­ ~ the passage of proposed federal civil- ing his admission. Judge Clayton said neither Mrs. political interference in maintaining nounced he might try to return to the 1-1': rights legislation. The annual meeting their integrity. In the case of the Henry's membership or the position Gave Assurances school. i: of the interracial organization attracted Mississippi institutions, and particu­ of her husband in the NAACP had 5:\ 250 persons. Immediately afterwards, SACS an­ larly the University of Mississippi, the anything to do with the refusal of the county superintendent to rehire her. T. F. Williams of Chapel Hill was nounced it was investigating the situa­ association said it would maintain a Legal Action re-elected chairman and Dr. S. E. Dun­ tion and, pending the recent meeting, vigilant watch over the schools to see "She was not recommended by the can of Salisbury. a Negro, was renamed had placed under scrutiny the Uni­ that no undue political influence is superintendent and that ends the mat­ vice chairman. versity of Mississippi, as well as the placed in the future. Negro Teacher ter," he said. A civil- rights organization accused other seven state institutions. In the Mrs. Henry also challenged a state Officials Cautioned the University of North Carolina at meantime, Gov. Barnett gave the as­ law requiring teachers to file annually Chapel Hill of having an unfair policy sociation assurance he would not inter­ The association cautioned Mississippi Loses Court Suit an affidavit listing all organizations of n of promotions of Negro employes on fere in the operation of the institutions. officials, the University 0£ Mississippi Mrs. Aaron Henry, wife of the state which they are members. l' the campus. The accusation came at a In an official report to the Memphis officials and college board that "any president of the National Association "Inasmuch as she, in her present meeting, the association's commission i;:;. meeting of the Chapel Hill Human Re- encroachment by pressure groups, in­ for the advancement of Colored People, status as a non-teacher is not affected lations Committee Dec 14. on colleges said: vestigating committees or other agen­ lost a federal suit seeking to be re­ by this requirement, this issue is now Hilliard Caldwell, chairman of "As a result of investigations and cies upon the freedom of the faculty hired as a Coahoma County school CURED (Citizens United for Racial after careful consideration of the evi­ to maintain through normal student teacher at Clarksdale. She claimed her (See MISSISSIPPI, Page 12) F.quality and Dignity). staled at the dence. the council finds that no overt discipline a climate conducive to in­ public meeting: violation of the principle under scrut­ tellectual pursuits will be cause for iny have occurred since the last meet­ immediate and rigorous re-examina­ Whnoundni.: the court·.., against the will of the people of Ala­ "!d the order. under the accreditation standards to offered its plan of desegregation Ill uon· The Cud~den School Boarcl "a" enter Auburn University. Many others Five Guardsmen An ested Birmingham U. S. District Court Oii 'eel of were turned down for the same reason clirectf'd De(' . 27 tn clraft plans for Jan. 2. The plan provides for desegre. ierence he was ordered enrolled. This shock­ Five of the final contingent were de!'egref!al ion of it'> .. ehool ... ystem at gation of some 12th-grade classrooins btt· ing decision points out that our liber­ arrested in December and charged the heirinning of tht' 19M-65 ... chool this month and 11th and 12th gradts with causing the blasts. They were '!1ie ex ties and freedom are, in most instances, term. next fall. 1fllll· a at the mercy of a bunch of unelected Sgt. William E. Roughton of Lang­ The :'.\laron County School Board dale, Sgt. Charles Hollifield of Marion, U. S. District Judge Hobart Grooms ·.\DOI D scalawags. wa~ granted an e"ten ... ion to :\farch withheld comment on whether th, "This is a special favor and prefer­ Lt. James T. Perkins of Holt, a Tus­ ~~ l caloosa suburb, Cpl. James T. Maxwell 2 to pre-.enl an overall plan of de· court's order of last August. In that 'Olllldatit c:nce decision. It vividly points up that order. Grooms directed the board Ill the federal courts have now entered of Tuscaloosa, and Sgt. Norman R. <;egregat ion for tlw "Y"tem. Tu..,kegt't' k.ih-sch< Daniel of Fairfield, a Birmingham High School. where 13 ~f'groe<; were submit a desegregation formula. ~tial fc the special privilege field for agitators." The plan provides: Wallace did not, as he said in ad­ Ralph B. Draughon suburb. All were released on bonds admittPcl undf'r court orclns in Sep­ ,,;,t "rtP • That Negro applications filed be. .«iai ob: vance he would not, "stand in the 'Change and Crisis.' of $5,000. temher. remained tot a I ly hoycotte. fore Jan. 17 seeking assignment 01 [)ireelc transfer to white senior classes will bt June 11, 1963, when he attempted to winter quarter will be required to sign sistant commander of the 31st Dixie Litigation continued on 1\'egro de­ rheeler, bar the admission of two Negroes to pledges of obedience to special rules Division and the man who personally mand!> to ex1rnnd de•egre1rnt ion of considered by the board for the winter ~( semester beginning Jan. 27. the University of Alabama. and regulations and to protect the good confronted Wallace at the university Birmingham &rhool .... "'tJl1.itec His only resistance was the order name of Auburn. June 11 to announce his orders to take Fi\e Alabama '\ational Guard,. • That all applications will be pro. Cl !lude charge, said he thought it was "a to bar federal agents from the campus. Five particular restrictions were an­ men. memher" o( the la"t contingent cessed and determined by the boa.rd prograffl juvenile plot to have the detachment under the regulations of the Alabama "This order," he said Jan. 3, "is given nounced: federalized last June when Gov. i; per ce continued on duty." He said he coul d Pupil Placement Act but without ll­ !Dftia]SI under the police powers I possess as • No disorderly crowd or mob of George Wallace attempted to block students would be permitted at any not believe there was any malice in­ gard to race or color, "as far as :.s ~d or ti'. governor to take whatever actions are the admi..,,ion of two 'legroe" to the necessary to preserve the peace and time anywhere on the campus. tended. practicable." ii rcspe Gov. Wallace said: "The guardsman Univer"itv of Alabama, were arre"tf'cl maintain tranquility." • All students were requested to • That no applications for transfer oinunanl in question were on federal duty under take any firearms they might have on charg~" of setting ofT three small or assignment will be considered for :;ncoln • No Challenge home for Christmas. Those bringing federal control. The State Military dynamite bomb$ at Tu~ca loo sa in any grades other than the 12th this The SC them back would be required to check Department exercised no control what­ ;'\!ovember. J1ih a g The governor instructed State soever over these guardsmen. Any semester. Troopers to use force if necessary to them in at the ROTC hangar. No 1roximat statement to their units will neces­ • That assignments and transfers to 51:hool-y1 prevent federal agents from coming weapons would be permitted in rooms, white 11th and 12th grades will be in cars or in personal possession. sarily have to come from the Depart­ b:!i-sch on campus. None challenged the ban, ment of the Army." tion is 12,922-9,494 whites and 3,428 considered for the school term begin­ but several were in Auburn. The Jus­ • Any students who want to serve ning in September-again, "as far as is ~. 196 The Tuscaloosa News quoted one of Negroes. ti.I COOl tice Department in Washington said as photographers or correspondents for the accused, Sgt. Roughton, as saying: Grooms said his order was in keep­ p1·acticable. '' :rom thr• there were no plans for the agents to press media would have to register "The boys resented federalizing the ing with the Birmingham school order • That applications for the fall tenn attempt to go on campus. with the public relations department. • No unauthorized newspapers, post­ guard. If Gov. Wallace had been our under which five Negroes were admit­ must be filed on or before the regular ted to three previously all-white After leaving the Auburn Methodist ers, circulations, etc., would be per­ commander, this would never have pre-school registration day, about two The tl Church, Franklin was driven to Mag­ schools there in September. mitted. happened. We were not trying to hurt weeks before school is open. City As! nolia Hall by Joe Sarver, director of • All students would be issued anybody, but were mad at being Other school systems desegregated Grooms' original order was handed :.ations; development at the university, Frank­ identification cards and required to federalized and having our jobs for the first time at the beginning of down last Aug. 12 (SSN, September) I grant t lin had been driven from Montgomery carry them at all times and present taken." the fall term were those in Huntsville, in a suit in behalf of several Negroes. L Smit! to Auburn by his Negro attorney, Fred them on demand by university of­ The first blast was within a block of Mobile and Macon. However, all whites His order included a preliminary in­ C4mnulr Gray. ficials. Miss Malone's dormitory, the second staff withdrew from Tuskegee High junction which forced the admission d tJ&h-sch The U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Dr. Draughon was backed in his in a Negro section three miles from the School in Macon County, leaving 12 four Negroes into previously all-whilf ur-yea Appeals had refused on Dec. 4 to delay stand by trustees, alumni, faculty and campus, the third about three blocks Negroes the only students of the schools in September. The~ desegregation at Auburn, which had student government leaders. Plans from the Negro coed's dormitory. school. (See below.) Program been ordered Nov. 5 by District Judge were to seal off the campus with state Thus, 11 Negroes began attending itll'ed ' Johnson to begin with the enrollment and local officers. Legal Action schools with whites for the first time * * * numb. of Franklin to the graduate school for in Alabama history-the five in Bir­ Compla int Against Plan :nt elk the winter quarter. (Registration was The president said no trouble was expected, but if it broke out it would mingham, four in Huntsville and two mse E changed from Jan. 2-3 to Jan. 3-4 be­ in Mobile. In all cases the boards are Taken Under Advisement ii and cause of Auburn's participation in the be put down according to pre-estab­ lished plans. Gadsden Ordered under orders to submit plans for U.S. District Judge Seyboum Lynnt ~ mol Orange Bowl football game at Miami further desegregation. of Birmingham took under advisemeDI ~rtunit , New Year's Day.) Held to Position To Present Plan Grooms pointed out that nothing in in mid-December pleas of Negro at· ;oung r Auburn officials were preparing for The university still maintained its his order affecting Gadsden meant torneys that Birmingham's school &om le the admission of Franklin before the position that admission standards to "voluntary segregation is unlawful, or desegregation plan violates court :o:i:e gr appellate ruling came. Auburn Presi­ the graduate school had been com­ For All Grades that same is not legally permissible." orders. ~lly dent Ralph B. Draughon demanded promised by Judge Johnson's order. He gave Negro petitioners 15 days to His action apparently meant that no in addit complete discipline and law and order Johnson said (SSN, December) that U. S. District Judge H. H. Grooms file objections after the Gadsden more Negroes- there are now live in ~ial on the part of students and faculty. Auburn's requirement of a degree of Birmingham ordered the Gadsden board submits its plan by April 1. three previously all-white schools­ !hip pro A series of meetings culminated Dec. from an accredited college was reason­ School Board to present a plan of would be transferred to white schools Kansas 3 with a mass meeting of the entire able but that Franklin had not been desegregation no later than April 1 for during the current school year. He said IUmple student body of 9,000 at Cliff Hare afforded an opportunity to get one an immediate start in all grades by Judge Exte*n ds* Dea* dline it would be 60 days before he would l!OJect Stadium. Dr. Draughon reminded the because neither of the two state-sup­ the beginning of the 1964-65 school rule on the objections. scl:ool , students of their obligations and ported Negro colleges is accredited. year next September. For MaC'on County Plan The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals t!tttive notified them that any violation of This is the fault of the state, he said. In his order Dec. 18, Judge Grooms U.S. District Judge Frank M. John­ ordered the Birmingham Board of F.du­ i:id tor special regulations would be answered Franklin returned to court Dec. 30 directed the board to apply Alabama's son Jr. of Montgomery extended the cation to present a plan of desegrega­ il place with disciplinary action, including seeking an order from Johnson Pupil Placement Law without discrim­ deadline from Dec. 12 to March 2 for tion for lai.t September. The plan was school expulsion. directing that he be admitted to Mag­ ination. On Dec. 27 he rejected the the Macon County School Board to submitted, but the order was appealed 'Ther nolia Hall dormitory. petition of the parents of 12 Gadsden submit its plan of desegregation. and no further action has been taken. lEsignec President Speaks PS )' Ch Franklin said in his petition that the Negroes to require a start in J anuary. In granting the delay, Johnson made School Supt. Theo Wright said the Dr. Draughon told the assembly: university had notified him by letter There have been no mid-term transfers no other changes in his order under board could make no plans for further ''3Cheri illd to "You young people seem to have that he would not be accepted in a in the Gadsden system since 1952, which 13 Negro children were admitted desegregation next fall pending a de­ 1 •ork SE been born into a time of change and dormitory because, in the words of Grooms noted. He said it would not be to previously all-white Tuskegee High cision on the appeal. The board rt· •o411 y c crisis. Never has our nation had this the manager of Magnolia Hall, "we in the "best interest" of the school in September. Under the terms of that mains under a temporary injunction. more clearly demonstrated than during have found it necessary to restrict board to require a disruption of this order, the Macon board was directed l>iitrict ~egro Argwnent the tragic events of the past few days these facilities to undergraduate stu­ custom. to apply the School Placement Law n-organ (the assassination of President Ken­ \1th 101 dents." However, Charles S. Bentley The suit (Miller et al v. Love et al) without discrimination. Negro attorneys in the case (NeUal nedy.) You are going to have to .0!1on. Jr., dormitory manager, acknowledged was fil led Nov. 18. et al t >. Birmingham Board of Educa· ' Of th learn to live with change and crisis, The board accep.ted the 13 but after that some space remained in the dor­ Grooms found that Gadsden has and Gov. George Wallace temporarily tio1t) argued tha t the plan submitted for .it appears we will have them with mitory. Generally, Brentley said, grad­ ignored the original order to providl •first us for a long time. This court order does operate schools on a segregated blocked their admission, as he also uate students preferred to live off-cam­ basis "as a matter of custom, policy intervened with state troopers in Bir­ "for admission of new pupils enteritl ~rtEd, presents a critically important chal­ pus. Besides, Bentley noted, Franklin lenge for the entire university." and usage" and that no steps have mingham, Huntsville and Mobile in the first grade or coming into tbt ~~otl is married. been taken to "reorganize" the system September, all white students with­ county for the first time on a non· The mass assembly, he said, was the ~lr\• i1•aJ The denial of dormitory facilities, into a "single non-racial" one. drew. The enrollment of 275 dropped 1 acial basis." fifth in recent days, as the admin.istra­ ill the 6 Franklin said in his petition, is "con­ Under the equal p,rotection clause of to 13, then to 12 when one of the Ne­ Negro attorneys filed new objecti~ The l>I tion had met with leaders of the stu­ trary to the 14th Amendment ... and the 14th Amendment, Grooms held, groes was expelled for disciplinary 13 dent goverrunent, the faculty, the to the plan Dec. 16, after the Dec. i.l •Ppr the orders of this court." Negroes have these rights: reasons. The boycott remains total. announcement by Lynne that ~ ~ w alumni and the board of trustees to • Pupil assignment on a "reason­ White students transferred to other make recommendations and ma.Pi plans. First Desegregation would not rule for two months. ' able" nonracial basis. white schools in the county, at Nata­ amendments to the objections, coU:: i::'.oun 1 All students registering for the 1 Negroes broke traditional segregation • Drawing of zone lines without sulga and Shorter, and to the newly officials said would not be heard unt.l ~larsr barriers for the first time in Alabama regard to race or color of the pupils created private school for whites, Ma­ then either. 'since they became part r/. i::Jo11ri in 1963 at the University of Alabama, in the area. con Academy, which has an enroll­ the original objections. Ill~ ~; the University Extension Center at ment of 130. • No school construction or designa­ The Birmingham board entered itS rt Mississippi Huntsville and at Florence State Col­ ~ tion on the basis of race. The remaining white public schools plan last summer and considered ap- lege-one entering each facility. Two ~ (Continued From Page 11) would be affected under any sub­ plications for transfer to the 12th grade ~ ! had been admitted to the university's The duty to initiate desegregation is sequent desegregation directive by only, resulting in the admission of fin .~ ~~ moot," Judge Clayton said in dismissing main campus June 11, after Gov. Wal­ of the Gadsden school system upon the board, Grooms said, and not the Johnson. Macon County is about 84 Negroes to three previously all whitl •i1 lear the action. lace "stood in the door" to stop them, parents of Negro students. per cent Negro. city schools. '!:! r A similar case is on appeal before then backed down when the National 1..'l. ror1 Guard was federalized and took over. Accredited Withdrawn The amendments asked, among othtf :-q the U. S. Fifth Court of Appeals in Law Not a Plan New Orleans. A Greene County teacher, The two were Vivian J . Malone and Tuskegee High was dropped in rE:quests, that the board make tai~ "ldioc Ernestine Talbert, charged that her James Hood. Hood withdrew for what Transfer of pupils may be done December from the accredited list of mediate arrangements for admiSSJOD II~ contract was dropped after she tried he called reasons of health in late sum­ under the state's Pupil Placement Law, the Southern Association of Colleges Negro pupils entering the first ~s ~ ~~ to register to vote. mer, faced with charges of having Grooms directed, but he added that and Schools. The association, meeting grades or coming into the counlY for ~ ~ Sll The U. S. Department of Justice maligned university officials in a the law is not a plan for desegregation m Memphis, said the school was the first time for the September, l96lt 1b~.1·er Gadsden speech in July (SSN, Septem­ term. Also requested was an order cha •:"Iii· ruled there was no evidence to support and does not relieve the board of its dropped automatically when it did not 1 ber). duty to provide one. the board consider applications fot ' . the charge that her civil rights had apply for accreditation. be- ~~ «lJ( transfer for the second semester '"i."b t been violated. Miss Malone returned for the fall The Gadsden school school popula- Macon Supt. of Education C. A. g;nning ;n Januocy. ' J ""'• SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS-JANUARY, 1964-PAGE 13 MISSOURI • I Progress Reported Ill Experimental College Program ST. LOUIS Homer C. Wadsworth, president of National College, Kansas City­ year institution in 1940. A spokesman PROGRESS report for 1962-63 the Kansas City Board of Education reported that the college had always Missouri Highlights National College reported it had been Aindicated that the Kansas City also is executive director of the Kansa~ desegregated in policy since 1899 and been open to Negro students, but the City Association of Trusts and Founda­ admitted its first Negro student in 1939. first year that statistics were kept on Special Scholarship Program, ini­ tions. A favorahl<' progress report has It hired its first Negro faculty-member Negro enrollment was 1953. It employed tiated in February, 1962, has made been made on the Kansas City Spe­ in 1956. In 1955, the college had a total its first Negro full-time faculty mem­ an effective start on its objective cial Scholarqhip Program. set up enrollment o( 84 students, and ap­ ber in 1962-63. U JUler S urvey "to increase college attendance of increasing college attendance parcnUy no Negroes; in autumn, 1963, it There were no figures for Negro "among students from economic­ among iotudent<; from economically, had 188 students including 21 Negroes. enrollment in 1955, but in autumn, 1963, ally, culturally and educationally Negro Enrollment culturally. and educationally mar­ The faculty increased from 13 to 21 the college had 277 students including marginal segments of the popula- ginal segment<; of the population." in the period, and now has one Negro 20 Negroes, and a total faculty of 54 In out,.tate Missouri as well as in member. including four Negroes. The college " tion." The program was the sub­ Doubles in State's the major metropolitan areas of St. Cottey College, Nevada-This two­ has a Negro student from Atlanta, a ' ject of a Ford Foundation con­ Louio; and Kanc;as City, private insti­ year independent institution for women nonCatholic, among its 'l:l dormitory ;1ference at Kansas City in Novem­ tutions of higher educat ion have en­ has been desegregated since 1958. In residents. She is reported to have made Private Colleges 1962-63, it was reported to have 374 oc: ber. rolled an increasing number of Ne­ a good adjustment and is said to have students. A spokesman commented: been well accepted by other residents. The experimental Kansas City pro­ Negro enrollment at Missouri's pri­ gro students in the last eight yearo;. "Cottey College has yet to receive its "Our Negro faculty is outstanding for gram, administered by the Public vate universities and colleges has ap­ Washington University in St. Louis, first application for admission from an " School District of Kansas City and fi­ proximately doubled in the period from a private independent institution, has its scholarship," a college spokesman American Negro." said. "Three have their doctoral de­ nanced by a combination of private 1955 to the present, a survey by SSN notified all univer~ity-sponsored or­ St. Paul's College, Concordia-This grees; one has his master's. The caliber ~ roundations, is designed to deal with and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch indi­ ganizationc; that they must drop dis· two- year college under Lutheran 1' of the teaching done by our Negro high-school graduates who show po- cated. auspices reported that it had never criminatory mC'mber<:hip restrictions. faculty is excellent. Their interest in tential for college, and for whom col­ Without exception, responding insti­ practiced segregation. It admitted its students, their progressive attitude lege "represents a severe economic and tutions said they were open to qualified first Negro student in 1952. Before that, toward instructional improvement, and '- social obstacle." students w ithout regard to race. While -none had applied. In autumn, 195.5, the The spokesman said the college their contributions to faculty commit­ Director of the program is Robert R. many colleges in small towns now have college had 170 students including two makes no distinction as to race in as­ tees are among the attributes which ·' Wheeler, a Negro. The population of Negro students, none outside the Negroes; in autumn, 1963, it had 281 signing rooms. It has three Negro stu­ make them definite assets to the col­ Kansas City's public schools was last metropolitan areas reported Negro students including four Negroes. It has dents from Africa. The college's board lege." estimated at about 34 per cent Negro. faculty members. no Negro faculty members. of trustees has said that it would hire Calvary Bible College, Kansas City­ I\. Of students who were assisted by the Information concerning some 'l:l Evangel College, Springfield Negro faculty members if they quali­ This independent college said it had ...~-'l program in the first year of operation, public and private institutions of fied. Last year, SSN was told, Tarkio Evangel College, under Assembly of , 57 per cent were Negro. There were 70 higher education in Missouri was given God auspices, was founded in 1955 and been desegregated since 193?r-the year offered a job to a Negro who held a it was established-and admitted its l! special scholarship students in 1962-63, in the November and December 1963 has been desegregated in policy from doctorate in mathematics. He did not first Negro student at least as early and of these the largest groups-13 and issues of SSN. The current' issu~ take the post, however. the start. It admitted its first Negro 15, respectively-came from two pre­ reflects the responses of 16 additional student in 1957. There were 90 students as 1946. In autumn, 1955, there were Lindenwood College, St. Charles­ eight Negroes in a total full-time en­ ~ dominantly Negro public high schools, private institutions in the state. In Lindenwood College for women has in autumn, 1955, with no Negroes, and Ir Lincoln and Central. many cases, institutions said they a total of 600 students, including one rollment of 175; last autumn, there been desegregated since 1947 and ad­ were two Negroes in a total enrollment The scholarship program was started could not give precise data because Negro, last autumn. Total faculty grew ':ll mitted its first Negro student in 1962. of 205. The faculty, all white, has in­ with a grant of $480,000, affording ap­ they keep no records as to race of At present it has no Negro students. from eight to 57 in the period. The creased from 12 to 18 in the period. A ll proximately $30,000 a year for four students. Total full-time enrollment has grown faculty has no Negroes. school-year periods for each of four Washington University in St. Louis "No one has ever been denied ad­ spokesman said: from 366 in 1955 to 550 in 1963, total "Negro denominations have shown high-school graduating classes- 1962, desegregated its undergraduate divi­ to mission to Evangcl on the grounds of I:· faculty from 45 55 in the same little interest in our college although ~ 1963, 1964 and 1965. The original grant sions in 1952, the graduate divisions race," a spokesman said. "Neither has period. The faculty has no Negro mem­ we have had a wide-open policy since was composed of equal appropriations having taken such action, on an indi­ bers. A spokesman said the college does any prospective faculty member been from three private foundation sources. vidual basis, in previous years. The rejected on this ground. However, few the founding of the college in 1932. not discriminate as to race, either in Our ads, announcements and releases :e: institution does not discriminate as to admitting students or in hiring teachers. Negroes have applied as students, and Three Sources as well as other publicity are never race, but has grown steadily more Rockhurst College, Kansas City­ to our knowledge no Negro teacher has r-1 slanted to white Christians only." :i· The three sources were the Kansas selective in recent years in its admis­ ever applied for employment." Rockhurst College said it was open to Notre Dame College, St. Louis-This City Association of Trusts and Foun­ sions policies and has raised its tuition Covenant College, St. Louis County­ qualified students regardless of race Roman Catholic institution, which is a r.z dations; the Ford Foundation, through charges to levels comparable to those but did not indicate how long its This Evangelical Presbyterian liberal sister-formation college for School ,:..; a grant to the association, and the Ralph of major private eastern universities. desegregation policy had been in effect. arts college, founded in 195.5, recently Sisters of Notre Dame only, reported l\'E L. Smith Foundation in Kansas City. Administrative officials at Washing­ announced that it will move to a new In 195.5, Rockhurst had nine Negro that it had always had an official policy ': Commitments for students from each ton University said that inasmuch as students in total full-time enrollment campus on Lookout Mountain near of desegregation. The first Negro stu­ l1l high-school class extend through a no records were kept on race they of 591; in 1963, it had 15 Negro students Chattanooga, Tenn. It had 25 students dent, a postulant, was admitted in 1950. ,:_ lour-year college period. could not estimate how many Negroes in a total enrollment of 726. The faculty in 195.5 and 203 last autumn. The col­ There is no Negro sister on the Notre "The Kansas City Special Scholarship were enrolled in 1955, or how many which has no Negroes, grew from 40 lege has never had a policy of segrega­ Dame College faculty, but the order has are enrolled now. to 65 in the period. tion, a spokesman said, but it has no Program," the report said, "may be four Negro sisters on the faculty at viewed as one of Park College, Parkville-Park Col­ Negro students ''bacause none has ap­ Unofficial Estim ate plied who was qualified academically." four schools which it staffs. In 1962-63, a number of re­ lege has been desegregated since 1950, the college was reported to have an The best estimate that could be when it admitted its first Negro stu­ There arc now 25 faculty members, cent efforts to in­ enrollment of 393. obtained unofficially was that Washing­ including no Negroes. crease education­ dent. It hired its first Negro faculty ''We have four Negro sisters," a ton University now has 100 to 200 "We do not have and never have had al and other so- member in 1957. In 195.5, the college spokesman said, "and . . . these sisters Negro students on a full-time basis, had nine Negroes in a total enrollment any policy which excludes anyone c1al mobility op­ are doing very fine work in four of our portunities f o r with a number of others enrolled in of 350; last autumn it had seven Ne­ because of race," a Covenant College ~~, spokesman said. schools." young people the University College or extension groes in a total enrollment of 540. I•' Southwest Baptist College, Bolivar­ Immaculate Conception Seminary, :l»l from lower in­ division. If this is the case, it represents There were 33 faculty members, all This two-year institution under South­ Conception-This Roman Catholic insti­ ~ come groups, es- a considerable increase over 1955. There white, in 1955, and 36, including one ern Baptist auspices reported that it tution, which prepares young men for pecially Negroes. are believed to be about 18 Negroes on Negro full-time, in autumn 1963. had been desegregated officially for 10 the priesthood, has been desegregated , :.: In addition to the the faculty, in various departments A Park College spokesman made the or 15 years and admitted its first since it was founded in 1873. It said it ~al scholar- including the School of Medicine. following comment: "We do not keep t, American Negro in 1962. As of last had no record of when the first Negro ~.;- slup program, the WHEELER In declaring his inability to estimate records by races, so I had to rely upon autumn, Southwest Baptist had 499 student was admitted. In autumn, 1963, the number of Negro undergraduates, pictures in the student annual for 1955, '{1. Kansas City School District has. for students including five Negroes, and an there were four Negroes in a student an official said: "I do know that year and they could be incomplete. Same Ill example, undertaken a work-study all-white faculty of 35 persons. A population of 380. A spokesman com­ before last, a Negro boy was captain of with faculty. For this year, I had to mcl: project designed to decrC'ase the high spokesman added: mented: the basketball team; another Negro rely upon my memory of students, school dropout rate, to increase the "We have had colored foreign stu­ "The small percentage of Negroes boy is the main hope of this winter's since the annual obviously is not yet ~ effectiveness of technological training, dents for several years. No Negroes represents the small percentage of Ne­ basketball team; there arc three Ne­ printed, and I may well have missed :;:. and to facilitate immediate occupation­ live in this community and Negro stu­ groes who arc Roman Catholics. Race groes on the football squad; the secre­ someone. ?!P' al placements of students out of high dents have been slow to enroll here. has never been a criterion in the ac­ 1 tary of the student government last "We tend not to think of them as school. the college would like to encourage ceptance of students." year was a Negro girl who is now one Negroes or whites, but as people, and "There are also a number of projects more Negroes to attend here." of the graduate residents in the dormi­ one forgets which persons are Negro. In the February issue of SSN, the designed to increase the social and Avila ColJege, Kansas City-This The numbers fluctuate. Last year, for survey of higher education in Missouri psycho 1 o g i cal knowledgeability of tories." Roman Catholic college for women, Washington University has a total example, as I recall it, we had 15 Ne­ wilL conclude with information <>n teachers and other school personnel founded in 1916 as the College of St. other private colleges, colleges of os­ full - time student population of about gro students, some of whom were and to provide mental health and social Teresa, undertook a development pro­ teopathy, art a.nd mu.sic institutes, and 6,475, including 3,580 undergraduates. foreign students from Africa who did work services for school children. Like gram in 1961. It has been officially technica.l and other specialized insti­ St. Louis University, with a total not intend to graduate, but were many others, the Kansas City School desegregated since it became a four- tutions. District is in process of reorienting and full-time enrollment of about 6,200, learning English in our English reorganizing lo deal more effectively has been desegregated since 1946, when Language Institute here. We have al­ with low-income segments of the popu­ it admitted its first Negro student. It ways had a number of students from In the Colleges ii.P lation. hired its first Negro faculty member in all over the world. Of the approxi­ jft or the students who participated in 1938. In 1955. the institution had a total mately seven (Negroes) shown this r..~" the first year of the program, it was re­ full-time enrollment of 5,673 including year, only two arc from overseas." Washington University Orders ¢: ported, 85 percent successfully C'Om­ 238 Negro students. By autumn, the Hannibal- LaGrange College, Han­ ic: pleted the first vear of coll<'ge. This was number of Negro students had in­ nibal-Hannibal-LaGrange College has o ~ said to be son;ewhat higher than U1e crcas<'d to 301. been desegregated since 1955, having ~ !Urvival rate of most college stuc!C'nls There were eight Negroes in a total admitted its first Negro student that Groups To End Rules on Race Ill the first year. facull\• of 1,100 in 1955. Last autumn year. It apparenUy has had no Negro The program helps the student choose the fa.culty had increased to 1,350 and faculty. In 1955, there were two Ne­ Washington University, one of the to draw up a resolution ordering 144 •n appropriate college, and gels in the numb~r of Negrc>es to about 20, it groes in a student population of 279; two major institutions of higher educa­ student organizations to comply with touch with the college about possible was reported. in autumn, 1963, there were nine in a tion in the St. Louis area, notified all the policy. The board was expected to sources of support for the student. The "It is important to note," a spokes­ total enrollment of 409. Total faculty university-sponsored organizations in meet shortly after the Christmas holi­ amount of the Kansas City Special man said, ''that St. Louis University's increased from 24 to 26 in the period. December that they must drop dis­ day vacation. ,::: Scholarship varies, but the average enrollment policy has been a com­ Maryville College of the Sacred criminatory membership restrictions. Dean of Students Arno Haack, chair­ atnount granted in the first year was pletely open one for 17 years; this is Heart, St. Louis County- Maryville The action was made public Dec. 22. man of the Board of Student Affairs, S4IO. This dropped to $320 the second significant because we were doing a College admitted its first Negro student Chancellor Thomas H. Eliot said it said he knew of only three fraternities Year, it was reported, because of in­ practical integration program long be­ in about 1939. In response to a question was not appropriate for the university that would be affected because of re­ creased success in obtaining support fore the present crises arose." as to how long its desegregation policy to sponsor or recognize student strictive clauses in their national con­ had been in efTect, a college spokesman groups that re­ stitutions. He said that if a group from colleges and universitiC's. Other In stitu t ion~ c_or students in the program in the said "This is not a matter of policy but strict membership failed to comply with the prospective •in;t year, 1962-63, more than a third Information obtained from other pri­ of principle." by discriminatory resolution, it would lose university In 195.5, Maryville had two Negro Were from homes without employed ,·ate institutions in Missouri may be clauses. The uni­ recognition and be forced to become students in a total enrollment of 314; versity, he said, inactive on the campus. .t# ~~~ers. Typically, the mother was a summarized as follows: and in autumn, 1963, it had one Negro is committed "to Washington University is an inde­ ig -school graduate and the father had Tarkio College, Tarkio-Tarkio Col­ ~ ~ in a total enrollment of 325. The spokes­ the principle of $ not finished high school. Median family lege has been desegregated for three pendent private university. It has 3,580 or four years, a spokesman said. In man was not certain when the first equal opportunity undergraduates, 1,662 graduate stu­ l income was $4750. ~ Negro faculty- member joined the staff. regardless of race 59 students who attended colleges autumn, 1955, the college had 236 stu­ dents, 1,223 students in professional . , or The following comment was made: creed or color." ~ end universities under the program in dents and 26 faculty members, with no fields such as medicine, law, dentistry "Very few Negroes have applied for Chancellor and nursing, and 7,559 in its university ·' 1962-63, 17 went to Kansas City Junior Negroes in either category. Last au­ our student body or for our faculty. Eliot directed the college, or extension division. It is f and 13 attended the formerly tumn, it had 633 students, including ~ ~liege Those qualified on either level are most 14-member Board estimated to have between 100 and 200 ·"' a I-Negro Lincoln University, a slate­ about 10 Negroes, and a faculty of 30 ELIOT !. s welcome." of Student Affairs Negro students. Upportcd institution at J e/Terson City full-time, all white. PAGE 14-JANUARY, 1964-SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS D. C. Highlights DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA The TI01t"l' Rules Committee "'• 10 oprn hearings on the civil-riglu. hill Jan. 9 and wa" t>'Xpected to 5t'll Civil-Rights Proposals t lw mra ... u rl' to the Ilou~e floor for Hearings Open on , ol 1' by thl' Pnd of the month. In the St•nate. thl' outlook wa<1 for a fi(j. Christian Leadership Conference, and master's program to make up for i~­ WASHINGTON hu ... trr. Get Movin g ! A . Philip Randolph, vice president of adequate high school and college sci­ i\ RE leader reported HE HousE RULEs Committee the A.FL-CIO and an organizer of the ence training, he suggested. C:O an en. T was to open hearings on the March on Washington last summer. 1h11 ... ia ... 1ir rrsponc;c by President administration's civil-rights bill Most of the Negro leaders voiced * * * .John"nn lo a proposed $15-billfo on Jan. 9, two days after the new strong support for Johnson and confi­ The Carnegie Corporation announced fPcll'l'a I proirram to provide remedial session of Congress began. R ules dence in his civil-rights program after a $1.5-million grant Dec. 8 t? st~en~h­ rducalion for cli ... aclvantaged chi!. the White House visits. en programs of 32 Negro msl1tutions Chairman Howard W. Smith (D­ drPn. of higher learning in 11 Southern The Cou11ril o[ Graduate Schoo), states. The grant was made Va.) announced the opening date thro~gh of tlw Unit<'d States mapped efforts the United Negro College Fund, which on Dec. 18. * * * 1o ... 1n'lll!lht•n l!ragroe~. ending the hearings and bringing the \ hill to pxpand and revic;e ROTC bill to the House floor for a vote. But Among the specific beneficiaries of he assured the House that he would Asked to Assist the Carnegie Corporation grant is Tus­ prn,rram.., wa-. hlorkcd after a mei "not encourage dilatory tactics." kegee (Ala.) Institute, w~ich will re­ IH'r of tlw l lou..,P prote... ted that ther~ In an apparent reference to pres­ ceive a three-year allocation of $350.- wa ... 110 opportunit)· to add an ant~ sure to take the civil-rights measure Negro Education 000 to help finance a new sister ~el~­ "-CJ!rl'j!a t ion ricll'r. out of the Rules Committee's hands, tionship with the University of M1ch1- \ l\rirro nwmhrr of the D.C. Smith commented, "I know something A drive to improve graduate educa­ gan. The two institutions plan to ... rhool hoard urj!ed o;chool officials about the facts of life around here." tion opportunities for Negroes was exchange faculty members. to ~erap the lrark ..,yc;tem of ability .,.<> an The bill "should be considered so­ approved Dec. 13 at the annual meeting irrnu pin!! a... ·'outmoded. ineffertilc ;;::on; 1 berly and seriously," Smith said, noting of the Council of Graduate Schools in that "a good many members want to the United States, representing all the * * * and cli-.criminatory." (lea:ent be heard" by the Rules Committee. But nation's educational institutions offer­ Eiµhl of nine major private ~.:c pal he said he would be "surprised" if ing post-college work. Question of Race ...choof.. in the Washington area now : ti';l al hearings were not concluded by the A resolution approved by delegates rnroll ... 011w Nep;ro students, repre. .J that to the meeting asked member schools end 0£ January, and Congressional ob­ A l ley, Mempltis Commercial Appeat ... 1·11tal i,i-... of I he scl1oolg reported al ~Jal rie r to: ~happm servers expected the measure to reach Blocks ROTC Bill a mel'I inir drc;iµn<'d lo attract mo11 the House floor during the month. • Compensate for "the inadequate :ied or 1 rights and tax bills. He had fire in his and inferior preparation" of Negro \1•j!rn appliranlc;. A discharge petition to bypass the eye and determination in bis voice." A bill lo expand and revise high­ ·J Rules Committee and take up the civil­ students scheduling special summer school and college ROTC programs was In a television interview Dec. 8, institutes or other remedial courses rights bill had gathered about 170 of Humphrey predicted that the civil­ blocked in the House of Representa­ A pul for them. the required 218 signatures by the time rights bill, containing provisions to tives Dec. 2 after a member complained ~ de>ir • Make special efforts to recruit and Congress wound up its first session at accelerate the pace of school desegre­ that the measure contained no bar on oi::,ou n~ give financial aid to "the deserving federal funds for schools practicing Ahilit y G1·ouping '.!5?1:tilbl gation, would be passed by the House and well-motivated Negro student." "pretty much as it came from the Ju­ segregation. .:J e~ua • Open lines of communication be­ Lr all diciary Committee, which is a very tween white institutions and Negro in­ The objection was raised by Rep. Bulletin effective bill." On the Senate outlook, Otis Pike (D-N.Y.), who protested that Systen1 Attacked COUP5·" The U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Ap­ stitutions so that more Negroes may Citm the first desegregation in element.arr and high schools and at the college and Representatives of nine major pri­ Landon School for Boys, Bethesda, race for the semester beginning in For the 11 Southern stales, the pub­ univC'rsllv lc\•cl: the number of dis· ~ vate elementary and secondary schools Md. (500 students, kindergarten February. lic-school enrollment is 26.8 per cent tricts rl~segregated in practice and ~ in the Washington area met Dec. 5 to through grade 9)- 0ne Negro. The school had been under pressure Negro; 33.5 per cent o( them are in policv. anrl the number desegregate: discuss plans for attracting and ac­ National Cathedral School, Washing­ from city officials as well as from desegregated districts, but only 1.06 per hy ~ourt order or voluntary action: ~ cepting more Negro students. ton ( 450 girls, grade 4 through high civil-rights demonstrators because of cent of the South's Negro students and the number of colleges and UJ!I· ~~ The meeting was attended by about school)-14 Negroes. its refusal to admit Negro students. actually attend schools with whites. vcrsitics desegregated in practice ~d .'

requested by Negro plain­ 1 Clement said in his order that "the officio members from state and local High School, should be opened to The question of desegregation of vo­ tiffs. rn1 public policy of our nation and state governments as "shall be deemed advis­ members of their race at mid-term in cational courses had been raised by ·1 is that all persons are created equal able." Four separate teachers organiza­ January, Wilson said: Negro plaintiffs in appeals to the U.S. !!!-. iilld that every individual shall have Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals at Cin­ It also stated that the commission will tion" in Nashville and Davidson "The vocational courses do not lend -:edr equal ri'lht to life, liberty and pursuit cinnati, which sent this issue along report to the governor on its activities, themselves to semi-annual units and I of happiness regardless of race, color, County, two while and two Negro, students, completely aside from any with others back to Judge Wilson for adopt its own rules for operation and creed or national origin." rnted to merge into one organiza­ issue of race, are not ordinarily per­ further proceedings. will be given stenographic assistance mitted to enter a vocational course at Wilson conducted a formal hearing for its meetings. The commission's tion, the Metropolitan Nashville Edu­ 'Public Co n sciou~ness' mid-year. It is apparent to the court on Nov. 15 on the question of deseg­ l financial operations will be audited by cation A~~ociation. "A public consciousness exists for that desegregation of vocational courses regating vocational cow·ses along with the desirability of establishing and the State Comptroller's office each year, at Kirkman Technical High School Negro requests for teacher desegrega­ under terms of the order. promoting enlightened leadership and should not be undertaken at mid-term, tion. responsible programs to insure fair The chairman of the commission at­ but rather should begin as of the Sep­ Faculty Assignments and eriual opportunity and treatment tended Vanderbilt University and re­ four white families and four Negro tember, 1964, term." Ior all racial. religious and ethnic ceived his Bachelor of Divinity Degree families, had asked immediate desegre­ On Oct. 24, the board submitted a In his latest opinion Wilson said: uoups," the order continued. from Yale University. gation. court-requested plan for desegregation "The desegregation of students in Clement released the names of the The vice chairman has been one of of high school and adult vocational accordance with the plans heretofore the leaders for desegregation of schools The schools ordered desegregated and technical courses. and herein approved will partially re­ 16 commission members, while the by March 2 include the all-white tJ. :. other five still were under considera­ and other facilities in Memphis and solve the issue of teacher and principal Shelby County. Sewanee school and all-Negro Ken­ Limited Basis assignment. On the other hand, the :it hon, in order lo comply with a Jan. 1 nerly school. According to testimony, Dtt~ target date he set several weeks ago Under the plan, Kirkman would be­ entry of any order at this time with Otey Memorial Parish has agreed to come desegregated on a limited basis reference to the assignment of teachers !or establishment of the group. :ro1~~ Lel(al Action provide rooms in the church for deseg­ next fall, admitting Negro students to and principals will affect the gradual In addition lo the Rev. Mr. Dodson regated classes. study courses not offered at either of and orderly plan of desegre~tion :::ic: .nd Willis, these members were ap­ Other testimony had indicated that the city's two all- Negro high schools, which judgment has dictated should lpt :iointed to serve for stag~ered terms Court Tells Board Howard and Riverside. (SSN, Decem­ be ordered." 1f one to three years: desegregation might overcrowd the *- schools. ber and November.) In ruling that "there is no cause at \"llf Attorney George Barrett: Matthew To Desegregate The board proposed that the Chat­ this time for modification of previous ~"9 Lynch, president of the Tennesee Board's Plan tanooga Technical Institute, which pro­ orders," the judge said his decision I State Labor Council; Dr. Charles T. The plaintiffs opposed the board's vides vocational training for adults, be should not be considered as "either Im Morgan, director of development of Sewanee Schools plan, which called for desegregation of desegregated in December, and Judge approval or disapproval of present Cy; George Peabody College for Teachers; students, teachers and other personnel Wilson on Nov. 26 approved this por­ policies with respect to teacher and 10:.. C Madison Sarratt, vice chancellor U.S. District Judge Charles G. Neese in the fall of 1964 in Sewanee and other tion of the plan. Officials said one Ne­ principal assignments." He added: to j emeritus of Vanderbilt University, Dr. areas. gro appeared at the institute on Dec. "It (the decision) is made without nchJ Charles W. Johnson, professor at Me­ on Jan. 2 orc\ered the Franklin County Board of EdJcation to desegregate two 9, during registration for the second prejudice to the right of the school ~ harry Medical College and Dr. Felix Under the board's proposal, filed board to undertake on its own initia­ Sewanee elementary schools by March quarter of work, and requested in­ Robb, president of George Peabody Oct. 31 after Judge Neese directed that formation on courses available but did tive a modification of its policies with 2. the board submit a desegregation plan, ~'l!: College for Teachers, all of Nashville not make application for enrollment. respect to teacher and principal as­ and representing the Middle Tennes­ Neese, at the end of a three-day a timetable was established for biracial In his Dec. 21 ruling concerning signments, and without prejudice to classes in each of eight geographical ~ grand division of the state. hearing, said he would rule by Jan. Kirkman, Wilson said "it is not feas­ the right of the plaintiffs to re-assert 31 on the remainder of the school zones, made up of one or more civil ible or proper that the court should the issue after a reasonable time and Attorney Lee Winchester Jr., fhe districts in the county. (Hill et al v. Rev. C. P. Williams and Msgr. M. F. board's plan to desegregate the district have to review and analyze each voca­ after further progress under the de­ gradually on a geographical basis be­ F1anklin County BoaTd of Education, tional course to determine whether it segregation plans heretofore and here­ Kearney, all of Memphis, were ap­ SSN, November and December, 1963.) Pomted along with Willis as West Ten­ ginning this fall. is, or is not, the same course as is in approved." oessee mem hers. Plaintiffs, who include members of Nashville attorney Avon N. Williams offered in another institution. Wilson also said his order involving Jr., one of the attorneys for the plain­ "Rather, any plan for desegregation Kirkman would apply only to voca­ tiffs, contended that the plan did not of vocational courses should extend to tional courses, with desegregation of provide for elimination of racial seg­ all vocational courses, rather than other students continuing under the 'f.P:­ regation "with all deliberate speed" merely to courses that are, or may be plan previously approved by the court. ir.; if.• District of Columbia ~ ~ (Continued From Page 14) Miscellaneous • (deprives students of the right to make lion for judgment of acquittal, ruling ti :..· ·hoices about their education that the government had charged a er;;: "Never on the basis of dictation. but different offense than the one it sought Teachers' Groups Vote To Merge ~b only through his right to try and his to proye. · ~ niiht to fail, can any student accept an >;;' fvaluation of self so essential to an M d• th T E II White and Negro teachers in the Rev. Smith, Negro Leader , done in Nashville in the way of race "'~.... attitude of self-respect," she said. ere I 0 nro Nashville and Davidson County school relatiorur-there is much progress still )r io~ 'r1.;:: Another board member, Dr. Preston system voted early in December by a Returns to Nashville to be made. The dream that I have had for this city has not been fulfilled. ~ :\. McLendon. criticized the remedial 16-to-1 majority to merge their four In Nigerian School The Rev. K elly Miller Smith returned We quit the job too soon. There is l/i.:: basic track program in elementary separate associations into one organi­ to Nashville on Dec. 30 to resume his much work yet to be done and I hope ..il I;' schools on grounds of excessively large zation . pastorate of First Baptist Church we can be at it again quickly." bl" :SI classes and inadequate diagnostic James Meredith, the first Negro Under the new metropolitan govern­ (Eighth Avenue) and said that people ~ !tthniques. He said he agreed with the graduate of the University of Missis­ ment for Nashville and Davidson Coun­ of the South have a "much clearer b,.:.P Practice of tracking in secondary sippi, announced Dec. 27 that he plans ty, the two school systems are sched­ concept" of race problem than he * * * schools. to enroll at Ibadan University in Ni­ uled to be consolidated this year. found in the North. Father Ryan High School at Nash­ geria next fall to work for an advanced Dr. Joseph W. Goss, executive secre­ The Negro leader left Nashville in ville opened its basketball season on degree. tary of Education Council, service the fall to become pastor of the An­ Dec. 3 with two Negro team membet·s, Meredith, who now lives in Wash­ agency for the 3,374 teachers and su­ the first athletes of their race ever to In a letter to* Rep.* Charles* C. Diggs tioch Baptist Church in Cleveland, ington, had previously indicated that Jr. (D-Mich.). School Supt Cetrl Han­ pervisors in the two systems, said the Ohio, but his Nashville congregation play in the Nashville Interscholastic he might return lo the UnivC'rsily of merger was approved by a vote of League. sen expressed interest in "integrated" invited him to return. Mississippi f o r 2,817 to 169. Willie Brown, who plays at center, Jr:' i. first-grade r<'aders used in OC'troit Upon his arrival in Nashville, the ~aduale studies. "This is the first large-scale, full­ and guard Jesse Porter were the two fi ~ ;choofs, and said he hoped the D.C. But he told re­ Oedged merger of teacher associations Rev. Mr. Smith said his four school-age Negro squad members at Father Ryan !Cf,,. .ch?°ls' textbook committees would porters Dec. 27 of different races and school systems to children attended segregated schools in a Roman Catholic school. et:' review the Detroit books that he would Cleveland for the be accomplished in the nation without first time. He said: .:: Diggs had written to Hansen that. the leave the United ratios and guarantees to former asso­ "' ~ 1readers, published by Follett Publish­ States in April for "Some of /rT\Y ciations," Goss declared. white friends sug­ * * * ~ UJg Co. of Chicago, "apparently have travel in Europe, Goss said the new organization will Magazine Calls Nashville ~"' experienced notable success in the pi­ the Middle East gested that w~ be known as the Metropolitan Nash­ should move to Best City for Negroes tj; lot project in Detroit." and Africa before ville Education Association and will be the west side of "Negroes in Nashville have earned ~ ~ The books, geared to the retarding entering the Ni­ chartered by the slate when officers town, where the ~ 1- and speech problems of children in gerian university are elected, probably about April 15. for themselves more desegregation in schools were inte­ more diverse areas than is enjoyed by ictl tirb~n low-income areas, have a city in the fall. It will replace the City Teachers As­ grated. They their race in any other major Old ii ll:tUng and feature stories about a Meredith a 1 so sociation. for white teachers; the Nash­ seemed to think cb . :'iegro familv whose children have et etnnounced that he would participate ville Teachers Association, for Negroes; South community," Jet magazine stated that this would in its Dec. 5 issue. ~'I' '1hite boy for a playmate in Wa >hington registration and voting the Davidson County Education Asso­ solve the problem E"'., drives and in campaigns to obtain ciation, for whites; and the Davidson SMITH In an article entitled "Best City in -that it would the South for Negroes," the magazine local ~elf-government fo1· the capital County Education Congress, for Ne­ just go away." * * * city. groes. called attention to school desegrega­ Washington CORE dirl•clor Julius The Education Council also will be The minister, who served as presi­ tion and employment opportunities. It 0 He s<11d he has dropped pl.ans to ~ bson and Stowall Kessler. a civil­ disbanded under the merger, with all dent of the Nashville Christian Lead­ said: tights demonstrator, were acquitted devote his full energies to the James ership Conference and participated in Mei l'dith Education Fund because he of its functions transferred to the new "Most of the Negro leaders-and fol­ Otoe. 16 of charges that they had un­ association. desegregation efforts over a period of lowers-will admit they live in the i..wfully entered the o11ce of Bl•nJa• has concluded in recent months that 12 years, said he was back in Nashville the task of providing education op­ The merger was approved in a refer­ South's best city, and wouldn't care to min Franklin University on Sept. 6 endum on by-laws for the new organ­ to slay. live in any other Southern or Northem ~neral Sessions Court Judge Andrew portunities for the underprivilc~e?. is prinwrily a government respons1b1lity ization. He said "there is still much to be community." rJ lfow"d "' grnnled • d<'f•n~ mo- PAGE lb-JANUARY, 1964-SOUTHERN SCHOOL NEWS

WEST VIRGINIA State Reported to Have at Least 88 All-Negro Schools

weted pl'iOr to the deadline set by to persons of any race who Wint CHARLF.sTON lull integration of faculty ..• We are attend them. the court. EST VIRGINIA still has at least unaware of any position of the West The Raleigh County de~t W. Va. Highlights The National Association for the W 88 all-Negro schools, accord­ Virginia F,ducation Association calling policy resulted from a federal ~ for full integration of Negro teachers." Advancement of Colored P eople had ing to the annual report Dec. 17 The West Virginia Human Rights heRring in 1955 in Greenbrier Co Commission reported that there are Smith said he is opposed to "any the case prepared, contending that Six Southern hold-out counties~ by the West Virginia Human discrimination against any race" and at leai;t 88 all-Negro schools in the school desegregation in Raleigh County to the voluntary Greenbrier ~ Rights Commission. The commis­ added that he has received n o "indi­ state. has not moved as speedily as good worked out by Federal Judge Be: Ne1• I sion urged the State Board of Ed­ vidual or collective complaint from judgment would suggest. Moore, now deceased. Stale School Supt. Rex M. Smith Negroes or others as to segregation." ucation to adopt a policy of elim­ took i<:sue with statements by the Hu­ The Board of Education contended Another desegregation suit has ~ Reeder said the human rights group revived by the NAACP in Meru; inating all-Negro schools in the man Rightb Commission, saying, "I apparently was not aware that "the that a voluntary program of desegrega­ Sti next five years. think the titate's schools are moving tion has existed in the county for County. Mercer, too, had adopted th. old state association for Negro teachers Greenbrier plan. The commission's study, admittedly quite rapidly." was merged with the WVEA back in several years, and the schools are open incomplete, said there are 76 elemen­ Raleigh County completed a new the early 1950's, and before the 1954 £." tary schools, two junior high schools school districting plan that had been U.S. Supreme Court ruling on school Tac and 10 high schools serving Negroes a"ked by federal court in a revived integration." exclusively. preric desegregation ca«e. Reeder added that Negro teachers Hunts McDowell and Fayette counties have named by various county systems have 23 and 18 all-Negro elementary schools played key roles in WVEA conventions count respectively. Kanawha County has two. and other activities. Such WVEA goals Ten Years q.X N• All-Negro high schools are located in ,'Furthermore," the report said, as "full and more complete develoP.­ ~ee H McDowell, Mercer, Raleigh, Jefferson, "there is an almost complete absence ment of the individual" lie directly in 5with Mingo and Wyoming counties. of any positive program for human the human rights field, he said. At a press conference members of Of School Desegregation '!1le relations in the About the Human Rights Commis­ the commission said buses arc used to schools . . , The de red sion estimate of 88 all-Negro schools School. transport Negro pupils from their education com­ neighborhoods to segregated schools in in the state, Smith said he had no goini ~ munity has by records on the subject but emphasized orderCC most of those counties. The problem and large re­ At a Glance that "their existence does not neces­ .iJI wh basically is not one of residential seg­ mained silent as regation breeding segregated schools, as sarily condemn the county systems. He More change occurred in school desegregation aJter t! to the significance added illg the in many Northern cities, said Howard of the social rev­ with the opening of the 1963-64 term than in any ir1th a W. McKinney, commission executive olution which is "I would guess that the majority, if director. He pointed out that West not all, of those schools are in areas of year since 1956. The up-to-date facts and figures On l taking place. l!JchJTlC Virginia has made significant progress "The complaints heavy Negro population, where the for each of the 17 Southern and border states, in desegregating its schools. Negro chose to maintain that arrange­ rJmed of Negroes center plus the District of Columbia, and for the region id for around the con­ ment." Propose Three Steps McKINNEY as a whole, covering the 10 years since the U.S. Judge tinuation of all­ Board Authority "Why not complete the job?" he romeli Negro schools, limited integration of Supreme Court's 1954 decision, are in the latest board asked. The commission suggested three faculty, absence of Negro principals in County school systems set their own educational programs and policies and revision of our annual I.1st fa} steps that it thinks the State Board any except all-Negro schools and lack znissjon of Education should take to encourage of employment of new Negro teachers. hire their own teachers. The State the closing of the remaining Negro Department of Education exercises 1·hite I "It would seem that Negro teachers Statistical Summary to Sho schools: arc completely bypassed by counties broad overall authority in the field of order 1 • Set a date of not more than five with few or no Negro students despite supervision. years hence for eliminating all separate "At the state level we're interested The Summary, now ready for distribution, gives student the need for qualified teachers." under Negro schools within the state. As its monthly meeting before the in the boys and girls themselves, and the latest information available on • Adopt a policy of positive leader­ not in race," Smith asserted. "The prehen press conferen.ce, the commission de­ March ship for the integration of faculty and cided to ask the Board of Education to main objective is to help everyone get • Public school and college enrollments by race for administrative personnel. a better education." each state John meet with it Lo discuss its recommenda­ opera ti • Adopt a policy of promoting tion. In that light, he added, desegregation nomic human relations in the schools, giving In 1962-63, West Virginia made three is incidental to the overall program of • How many Negroes are in public schools and col- attention to curriculum content and significant advances in extending attempting to establish the best learn­ leges with whites Six assistance to teachers in dealing with equality of opportunity to its Negro ing environment with the best quali­ At 5 prejudices and handling interracial citizens, according to the commission's fied teachers and instructional mater­ • The number of desegregated school districts activities. •ue a1 report. ials. Smith said: • Districts and colleges planning to desegregate other s The commission criticized the State The advances listed were employ­ "I don't know of a single county Jlayor Department of Education and the West ment of Negroes in sales jobs at retail "in which Negroes or others cannot at­ • Districts and colleges under court orders to deseg· oioptee Virginia Education Association as pro­ stores, ending of discriminatory prac­ tend schools in their own neighbor­ regate :Gld th tices by a majority of the first-class viding only minimal leadership in seek­ hoods or districts. It is probable that rtady t ing integration of Negro principals and hotels and restaurants, and the growth by their own choice some youngsters • State laws passed since 1954 safely : ol local human rights comissions (now teachers. prefer to attend other schools. They All SC numbering 14). perhaps find there are environmental • Court decisions and the status of cases still in the tWsed . courts "We believe that every West Vir­ situations in which they can do better Feb. 5 ginian has a right to be proud of the work." a wale: record of progress toward ending of • The effects of desegregation on public school Florida For that reason Smith would not teachers and college faculties believ~ discrimination which has taken place," entirely accept a commission recom­ Mayo (Continued From Page 9) the report said. "However, we do not mendation that the State Board of illy fee believe that the rights guaranteed by • Comparative annual statistics by state since 1954 Petersburg, to which the girl was Education set a deadline of not more ('OeS. I the Constitution were intended to be than five years hence for elimination • A chronology of major developments in school Departi assigned, was overcrowed and inade­ made available to some persons only on quate. of all Negro schools. desegregation 13 cha!l a gradual basis. We are not content to tettion Speaking for the state officials, Gov. measure ourselves by the conduct of Farris Bryant said there was no sound 'Forcing Persons' • Desegregation policies for trade and of the Mississippi or merely to congratulate special schools '.od be. basis for the transfer since the child ourselves that the atrocities of Birm­ "Thal would be forcing on some lives across the street from the Melrose persons a thing they really don't want," l'ern1 ingham have not happened here." • Status of desegregation for I school. State School Supt. Thomas D. he said. . ~ph The report warned that Negroes want ethnic groups BaHey said new classrooms are being freedom now and no longer listen to Smith believes there already exists I Xotasu! built to relieve the overcrowding. a general policy of positive leadership ro";ghei voices that counsel "patience, gradua­ • An analysis of desegregation statistics The Pinellas school board submitted lism or delay." for integration of faculty and admini­ lt1. and a statement declaring it has a policy strative personnel. SPECIAL OFFER: Purchasers of the new Sum· licked of desegregation and h.... assigned a Superinten dent Takes Issu e "No one has ever come to me with »ed b· number of Negro children to white a complaint that he or she has been mary for 1963-64 are entitled to obtain, for only I~.. i schools. It said all assignments are With Com mission Cri ticism s unable to get an administrative position $1 more, a copy of "Southern Schools: Progress tltioPer: made in the best interest of the school in the schools because of race," Smith 1·ent "d and the child, without regard to race State School Supt. Rex M. Smith and Problems," a book compiled and edited by Feder look issue with some of the West said. "If such a situation exists, I should or color. be happy to talk with any individual Southern Education Reporting Service. The 1ulga a Virginia Human Rights Commission's I ' involved." :0 cro: criticisms of the pace of school deseg­ book in clothback normally sells for $4.75. f,eaal Action Human relations, Smith contended, ~r regation. And the executive secretary At SI of the West Virginia Education As­ should be a ~rt of the "general social To assure prompt receipt of the new Statistical Summary, '~ fXJll sociation, Phares E. Reeder, said com­ studies program" other than a separate the only source of comprehensive desegregation facts for ._,!.! d Panama City Board mission comments about the WVEA course. the 1963-64 school year, complete the coupon below and apparently were "I sincerely believe that teachers and return. it with your payment to (Si Sued Second Time m a d c without school administrators now are doing Knowledge o f a good job of pointing up the impor­ Southern Education Reporting Service considerable his­ tance of human relations," he said. -- Parents of Negro children filed a de­ torical b a c k P.O. Box 6156 segregation suit in late November ground as to Nashville, Tenn. 37212 against the Bay County Board of Edu­ teachers deseg­ Legal Action cation (Panama City) . An earlier suit regation in the ' . e • • •. • e e . • • • • • • e •I e e I I I I I I I a 1 1I11I I I I IIII I I I I I II I l l 'W against the board was filed on Oct. 1~ slate. Raleigh County 11 1 1 1 1 1111 11 111 1 1 by the U.S. Department of Justice, con­ The comments Please send tending that morale of military person­ from Smith and copies of the Statistical Summary at $1 each nel in the area was damaged by segre­ Reeder were Submits New Plan gated schools. prompted Dec. 21 copies of the book, "Southern Schools: Progress Plaintiffs in the latest action, filed by the rights and Problems" at the special price of $1 each in U.S. District Court at Marianna, in­ commission's an­ SMITH On Districting Payment of$ cluded the Rev. Timothy Youngblood, nual report. _____,· s enclosed president of the Panama City chapter Smith said, "I think the slate's A new school districting plan has Send to: of the NAACP. schools are moving quite rapidly. been prepared and submitted to U.S. In a statement quoted by the Asso­ Certainly, at the state level, we want District Court for southern West Vir­ ciated Press, Youngblood said "facili­ equal opportunities for everyone." ginia, Raleigh County School Supt. ties for colored children in this area The commission's report had said John Saunders said Dec. 27. -- .._ __ ------are not equal to facilities for white it was "difficult to assemble data about Federal Judge John A. Field had children." He said the school board steps taken toward integration." Then 1 equested the plan at a hearing in practiced discrimination against Negro it had leveled criticism at the state Beckley in October in the school ------children. educators, saying there was an almost desegregation case revived there some The Justice Department's suit, still complete absence of positive human months ago (Taylor v. Raliegh C01Lnty pending, cited federal contributions of relations programs in the schools. Board of Education.) almost $3 million to the Bay County "Insofar as we are aware,'' the report The court heard testimony for two • I a I I I• I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I• I WI I I I I a I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I a I I I I I I I I I I' ' ' school system to help educate children said, "the Department of Education days before calling for a new districting of military personnel. has given only minimal leadershiP. for plan. Saunders said the plan was com- Tf~N tS~LE ~ATE l1 8!?/,'\Y AND .~RCHIVES ~t'lt~ L1hrnrv P.iv 1 ~ 1 n