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Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from the Indian Himalaya

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Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from the Indian Himalaya P O L I S H J O U R N A L OF ENTOMOLOG Y POLSKIE PISMO ENTOMOLOGICZNE VOL. 81: 185-194 Gdańsk 30 September 2012 DOI: 10.2478/v10200-012-0006-y Addition of four new species to the genus Kisaura ROSS, 1956 (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from the Indian Himalaya MANPREET SINGH PANDHER1*, MALKIAT SINGH SAINI1, V.V. RAMAMURTHY2 1Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, India – 147002, *[email protected]; 2Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India – 110012 ABSTRACT. This paper is a contribution to the knowledge of the Indian fauna of the genus Kisaura ROSS. Here we describe and illustrate four new species from the Indian Himalaya: Kisaura arunachalica and K. kamengensis (both from Arunachal Pradesh), K. meghalayaensis (from Meghalaya) and K. pupi (from Uttarakhand). KEY WORDS: Oriental, Himalayan region, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Uttarakhand. INTRODUCTION At present the genus Kisaura ROSS is represented by 42 species, mostly confined to the Oriental and Palaearctic Regions (MORSE 2012). Twenty-seven species in the genus occur in the Oriental Region, many of which were transferred from Dolophilodes ULMER. Most of the recent additions to Kisaura were made by MALICKY and his co-workers (MALICKY 1993a, 1993b, MALICKY & CHANTARAMONGKOL 1993a, 1993b, MALICKY 1995, SUN & MALICKY 2002, MALICKY 2007, MALICKY 2009), who added 17 new species to this genus from Thailand, Bhutan, China and Vietnam. The genus Kisaura was recently reported from India for the first time with the description of six new species (PANDHER & SAINI 2011). Kisaura was established by ROSS (1956) as a subgenus of Sortosa NAVÁS (1918), based on Sortosa obrussa ROSS (1956) as its type species. It was considered a subgenus of 186 Polish Journal of Entomology 81 (3) Dolophilodes ULMER (1909) by KUHARA (1999), based on the precedence of the generic name Dolophilodes over that of Sortosa, as pointed out by ULMER (1957). Sortosa NAVÁS (1918) is not a synonym of Dolophilodes ULMER (1909), as indicated by SCHMID (1964) by writing “Dolophilodes (Sortosa)”. Kisaura was subsequently raised to the status of an independent genus by SUN & MALICKY (2002), based on the typical and distinct male genitalic structures. Based on current diversity, there is inconsistency in the species groups originally defined by ROSS (1956), presumably because they were based on very few known species without any explicit phylogeny. In addition to the characters specified by ROSS (1956), species can be also distinguished by the variation in the shape and length of the lateral spiniform processes of tergum X and the black comb-like setae on the apical segment of the inferior appendage. The biology of the species in the genus is poorly known (HUR & MORSE 2006). In order to understand the origin and dispersal of Kisaura, a more thorough study and complete diagnosis of all previously known and newly described species will be required, along with a study of the larval stages and a well-supported phylogenetic analysis. Acknowledgements The authors are indebted to Dr John Morse (Clemson University, USA) for providing important literature, valuable suggestions and guidance during the research. We greatly appreciate the support provided in the form of the relevant literature for the Oriental as well as the Palaearctic Region by Dr Hans Malicky, Austria. Sincere thanks are also due to the parent institute, Punjabi University, Patiala, for providing the necessary facilities for this research. The authors are grateful to the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Chief Conservator of Forests, District Forest Officer, and other forest authorities of Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Uttarakhand for their help and cooperation during the expedition to these states. The timely support and manifold assistance provided by laboratory colleagues is also acknowledged. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adults were collected in light traps (mercury vapour bulb and UV) placed near the edge of high altitude streams in the Himalayan belt of India. The specimens were preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol with a drop of glycerol added. Pertinent collection and locality data were recorded. For species level identification it is essential to observe the lateral spiniform processes of tergite X, which are hidden below the preanal appendages in the lateral view and even in the dorsal view are not clearly visible. To accomplish this, the male genitalia were removed PANDHER M.S. et al.: Addition of four new species to the genus Kisaura ROSS 187 from the specimens and put in 10% KOH solution overnight. After this treatment the genitalia were placed in 80% ethyl alcohol with a drop of glycerol and observed for morphological characters. The drawings of various aspects were done with the aid of a zoom stereoscopic binocular microscope (with maximum magnification of 160X) fitted with an ocular grid in one eyepiece. The final drawings were rendered in black ink. The illustrations were scanned at 600 dpi greyscale and mounted onto plates in Adobe© Photoshop© 7.0. The genitalic terminology corresponds to that of ROSS (1956) and HUR & MORSE (2006). Type specimens are deposited in the Punjabi University Patiala Museum (PUPM), Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala. SYSTEMATICS Genus: Kisaura ROSS, 1956: 27 Type species: Sortosa obrussa ROSS, 1956: 57 (original designation). Diagnosis Spurs: 2, 4, 4; wings with primitive venation except fork I variable: it may be near or considerably beyond sectorial cross vein s, or R2 may be atrophied and 2A of forewing incomplete (ROSS 1956). Male genitalia with pair of lateral processes between tergite X and preanal appendages; inferior appendages simple, with a mesoventral plate developed between two segments; the apical segment of each inferior appendage has a diagnostic longitudinal row of spine-like setae on its inside mesal surface. Kisaura arunachalica sp. n. (Figs 1-4) Type material Holotype. Male, India, Arunachal Pradesh, Pene, 1100 m, 4.05.2010, Pandher and Parey (PUPM). Paratypes 2 males, data same as for holotype (PUPM). Diagnosis This species is allied to K. longispina (KIMMINS, 1955), and K. intermedia (KIMMINS, 1955), both reported from Myanmar, and K. laban MALICKY and CHANTARAMONGKOL, 2009, reported from Thailand, as they all possess a long segment IX. However, in K. arunachalica sp. n. the phallus is very long, almost as long as the lateral spiniform process of tergum X; the preanal appendages are almost half the length of the lateral spiniform processes of tergum X, whereas the phallus is smaller than the lateral spiniform processes in all other allied species and the preanal appendages are more than half the length of the lateral spiniform processes of tergum X in all other allied species. 188 Polish Journal of Entomology 81 (3) Description Adult male. Colour in alcohol fuscous, dorsum of head dark blackish, thorax black, antenna pale yellow, wings brownish, hyaline. Body covered with scattered, small brown pubescence. Length from tip of head to apex of folded forewings about 6 mm; antenna 5 mm long; maxillary palp 1.25 mm long, 3rd segment slightly longer than 2nd, 5th subequal to segments 1-4 together; labial palp 0.70 mm long. Length of forewing about 5 mm; fork I absent; discoidal cell elongate, more than twice its width; veins Sc, R, and Cu thickened; pterostigma prominent. Hind wing about 4.25 mm long; fork I absent. Male genitalia (Figs 1-4). Distal margin of tergum VIII with medial rounded invagination. Segment IX roughly pentagonal in lateral view; anterodorsally produced; posteroventrally pointed. Inferior appendage with basal segment about 1½ times longer than apical one, narrow basally, wide apically, divided into two lobes, inferior lobe with long tuft of setae, roughly oval shaped in lateral view, superior lobe broad, slightly truncate apically in lateral view; apical segment directed upright, oval in appearance, inferior side concave, bearing curved row of black comb-like spines. Tergum X membranous, extending beyond basal segments of inferior appendages, lateral spiniform process with articulated spiniform process arising on each side of tergum X, recurved caudoventrad, reaching almost to middle of apical segment of inferior appendage in dorsal view. Preanal appendage thumb-like, reaching almost to apex of segment IX in lateral view; knife-like in dorsal view. Phallus membranous, with 2 median spines and surrounded by tergum X. Distribution India: Arunachal Pradesh. Etymology This species is named after the state where its type material was collected. Kisaura pupi sp. n. (Figs 5-8) Type material Holotype. Male, India, Uttarakhand, Pothibasa, 1700 m, 15.06.2009, Pandher and Parey (PUPM). Paratypes 2 males, data same as for holotype (PUPM). Diagnosis This species is allied to Kisaura pectinata ROSS, 1956. However, in K. pupi sp. n. segment IX is long, not so wide in the lateral view, and the preanal appendages are longer than the lateral spiniform processes of tergum X. Moreover, the apical segment of each inferior appendage is smaller in K. pupi. Description Adult male. Colour in alcohol brownish yellow; antenna, maxillary and labial palps pale yellow; legs yellow; dorsum of head and thorax black; wings hyaline, brownish. Length PANDHER M.S. et al.: Addition of four new species to the genus Kisaura ROSS 189 from tip of head to apex of folded forewings about 8 mm; antenna 5 mm long; maxillary palp 1.75 mm long, 3rd segment longer than 2nd, 5th longest; labial palp 0.75 mm long. Length of forewing 6.25 mm; with prominent pterostigma; fork I absent; discoidal cell 0.75 mm long, more than 2.5 times its width. Hind wing 5 mm long; fork I absent. Male genitalia (Figs 5-8). Tergum VIII with rounded distal margin in dorsal view. Segment IX pentagonal in lateral view, pointed dorsoapically; postero-ventrally produced. Inferior appendage 2-segmented, basal segment longer and stouter than apical one, superior and inferior edges concave in lateral view, with two apical lobes, inferior lobe with tuft of long posterad-directed setae, superior lobe broad and convex dorsolaterally in lateral view; apical segment upright, narrow towards apex, with curved row of black comb-like spines.
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