Hyperwwwork the Workplace Ecosystem in 349 Jpegs

hyperwwwork the workplace ecosystem in 349 jpegs

romain curnier adrien grigorescu

master of architecture diploma project supervised by mario carpo, jeremy lecomte and christian girard

digital knowledge department ensa paris malaquais june 2018 Aambiences Cartistic and critical approaches

Ttechnologies and techniques

Mdesign and furniture

Ssocial contexts 1400 C1 A3

A4 1800

T1 T3

A2 S1

T4 T7

T6 T8 T5 1850

S3 T14

T12

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S5 T15 T19

T22

A5 1860

T18

T23 T17 T9 T24

A7 M5 1870

M3 T25

A8 M6 T21

A10

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T26

T20 1880

T27 A12 A13

T31

T28

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A14

T30 T34 T36

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A15

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T53 A17

A16 1890

S6 A21 A23

S7 A22

A18

A19 S8

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A24 A25 M9

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T37 S10

T38 A27

T39

1900 S9 S11

A28 A29

T40

M10 S12

M12 1910

M11 M13 S14

S13

T41 A30

M14

T42

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M16 1920

T43 A33

T47

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T45 1930 M18 M19

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A38

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A39

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S25 M26 C7 M28

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C6 A42 T57

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T60 C9

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M29 S29

S27 A45

T61 M30 1960

T59 C10

A44 T62 M31 A46

C12

T63

M32

C11

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A48 C15

A49

M37

M33

T64

M35

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M36 S31

C13 T66

C14

A50 1970

C16 T65

A51 T67 A53

T68

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A52 A54 T69

M40

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C18 1980

M39 S36

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C19

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C20 A57 A59 C21 1990

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C22 A60

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C27 2010

M50 T77

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M52 S51 T78

C29

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T79 M54 A83

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C31 A95 2015

C30 A93

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M56 T82

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S54 A88

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M64 crédits Eminent Artists (London: R. Ackermann and Co., t-technologies 1 June 1829). London Metropolitan Archives, City of London. and techniques http://www.virtualvictorians.org T5 T1 1823-1833 1806 Difference Engine Stylographic Manifold Writer (Carbon Paper) Charles Babbage Ralph Wedgwood Source : Babbage, Henry Prevost., and Charles Wedgwood’s ‘Patent Manifold Writer for copying Babbage. Babbage’s Calculating Engines: Being letters’, 1834. a Collection of Papers Relating to Them; Their Crédit : Wedgwood, W R © Science Museum / History, & Construction. London: E. & F.N. Spon, Science & Society Picture Library 1889. http://www.ssplprints.com https://digital.library.cornell.edu T2 T6 1814 1832-1837 Steam-Powered Printing Press Telegraph Friedrich Koenig. Samuel Morse Source : Meggs, Philip B. A History of Graphic Samuel Morse, ca. 1850, with an early type of Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1998. (p 132) printing receiver. Lithograph by John Sartain, https://commons.wikimedia.org courtesy of Smithsonian Libraries. T3 http://americanhistory.si.edu 1823 T7 Ascending Room (Steam-powered Elevator) 1850-1900 Thomas Hornor Glass Curtain Wall Interior of the Colosseum. Engraving. Peter Ellis, Oriel Chambers. Liverpool, 1864. Source : The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, Detail of the curtain wall, floors one to three and Instruction, Volume 13, No. 356, 1829. (p 97) (4th floor is flat vertical). Courtesy of Ignacio (The Project Gutenberg EBook, 2004) Fernández Solla http://www.gutenberg.org T8 T4 1850-1900 1823 Glass Curtain Wall Ascending Room (Steam-powered Elevator) Holabird & Roche, Tacom Building. Chicago, Thomas Hornor 1889. “The geometrical Ascent to the Galleries in Johnson, Willis Fletcher. «»My country, ‘tis of the Colosseum, Regent’s Park.” From Graphic thee!» or, The United States of America; past, Illustrations of the Colosseum, Regent’s Park, in present and future. A philosophic view of Five Drawings by Gandy, Mackenzie, and other American history and of our present status, to be

85 seen in the Columbian exhibition». Philadelphia : T14 Heinrich Geissler T24 J.Y. Huber Co., 1892. Page 315. 1852 Drawing of Geissler tubes illuminated by their Remington Typewriter https://www.flickr.com Parachute Safety Device own light E. Remington and Sons T9 Elisha Otis Source : Augustin Privat Deschanel, Joseph Image : Remington No. 1 Typewriter (Photo 1850-1900 Eiffel Tower Lift And Hydraulics, 1889. David Everett (1896) Elementary Treatise on courtesy of LIFE Photo Archive) Glass Curtain Wall © Science Photo Library. Natural Philosophy, Part 3: Electricity and https://www.officemuseum.com Ferrier, Claude-Marie. Crystal Palace during http://intohistory.com Magnetism, 13th Ed., D. Appleton & Co., New T25 The Great Exhibition, 1851: View of the South T15 York, p.2, Plate 2, translated from Privat Des- 1876 Transept, 1851. London : Royal Collection 1853 chanel’s 1869 Traité Élémentaire de Physique by Bell Telephone Trust. © Royal Collection Trust Pneumatic Despatch Joseph David Everett Alexander Graham Bell T10 J Latimer Clark https://en.wikipedia.org «Alexander Graham Bell Invents The Telephone», 1851 Descriptive Sketch of the Transit of Telegraphic T20 in The Daily Gazette, March 7, 1876 Speaking Tubes Messages by Pneumatic System from District 1880-1900 http://couch-tuner.info Gutta Percha Company Offices to the Central Station. 1899 Skeleton Frame Construction T26 Advertisement for the Gutta Percha speaking Source : The Engineer, 18th December 1899 The Fair Store, under construction, Chicago, 1878 tube. c. 1851. PD http://www.douglas-self.com Illinois. c.1892 Telephone Dispatch https://commons.wikimedia.org T16 Courtesy of Chicago Public Library Boston Telephone Dispatch Company, c. 1878. T11 1853 https://www.chipublib.org https://wonderland1981.wordpress.com 1852 Pneumatic Despatch T21 T27 Mechanical Typographer J Latimer Clark 1880-1900 1879 John Jones The Central Telegraph Office of the GPO in Skeleton Frame Construction Electric Lightbulb Source : US Patent No. 8,980 London, Oct 1932 The Chamber of Commerce Building under Thomas Edison https://patents.google.com http://www.douglas-self.com construction, Detroit, Michigan. c. 1894. PD © Edison Muckers T12 T17 https://commons.wikimedia.org http://www.edisonmuckers.org 1852 1853 T22 T28 Parachute Safety Device Pneumatic Despatch 1867 1884 Elisha Otis J Latimer Clark Hydraulic Lift Edison’s Mimeograph (Stencil Duplicating Elisha Otis demo of his free-fall prevention Réseau Pneumatique de Paris, 1907 Léon Edoux Machine) mechanism, Crytsal Palace, 1854. http://www.douglas-self.com Monte-charge hydraulique conçu en 1867 par Albert Blake Dick / Thomas Edison https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/ T18 Léon Édoux Advertisement for the Edison’s Mimeograph by T13 Bessemer Process https://www.france-pittoresque.com A.B. Dick Company, c. 1884. © A.B. Dick Company 1852 Henry Bessemer T23 https://oztypewriter.blogspot.fr Parachute Safety Device Bessemer Converter in Pittsburgh © David 1867 T29 Elisha Otis Brossard Hydraulic Lift 1887 Elisha G. Otis demonstrates a working model of https://www.flickr.com Léon Edoux Comptometer his elevator at the Crystal Palace Exposition in T19 Monte-charge hydraulique conçu en 1867 par Felt & Tarrant Manufacturig Co. New York in 1853. 1857 Léon Édoux Credit : Science Museum Group Collection © The https://www.history.com Geissler Tubes http://intohistory.com Board of Trustees of the Science Museum

86 87 https://www.officemuseum.com T35 Neon Lamp Computing-Tabulating-Recording Compagny T30 1889 George Claude (CTR) 1887 Electric Tabulating System (Punched Card © PD Census worker using IBM Type 1 mechanical key Graphophone Tabulator) https://fr.wikipedia.org punch. © U.S. Census Bureau. Columbia Graphophone Company Herman Hollerith T41 https://www.officemuseum.com Graphophone illustrated in Harper’s Weekly in Hollerith Tabulator (left) and Sorter (right), c. 1919 T46 1886. © Early Office Museum 1900. © United States Census Bureau Suspended Ceiling 1928 https://www.officemuseum.com https://www.census.gov Eric E. Hall Billing Machine T31 T36 Patent drawing for Suspended Ceiling, 1919. © Burroughs 1887 1889 PD 1928 Ad Burroughs Billing Machine Invoice Graphophone Electric Tabulating System (Punched Card T42 Bookkeeping - Original Print Ad Columbia Graphophone Company Tabulator) 1919 https://www.amazon.com 1906 advertisement Herman Hollerith Candlestick 50 AL T47 Columbia Phonograph Co. New York, NY. A punched card used in the 1890s. © IBM Western Electric 1921 © Museum of Business History and Technology http://www-03.ibm.com © Kenton Kwok Hollerith Type III Tabulator (MBHT) T37 http://kentonkwok.com Computing-Tabulating-Recording Compagny https://www.officemuseum.com 1901 T43 (CTR) T32 Type 001 keypunch 1919 Hollerith Type III Tabulator with its control panel 1887 Computing-Tabulating-Recording Compagny Candlestick 50 AL exposed. First model with printer. © MNRAS, Graphophone (CTR) Western Electric Vol.92, No.7 (1932) Columbia Graphophone Company. © Jack Mechanical key punch, The Tabulating Machine Unknown, employed by the Illinois Tunnel http://www.columbia.edu Quinan / Early Office Museum Co., New York City. © Early Museum Office Company - The Chicago Daily News Almanac and T48 https://www.officemuseum.com https://www.officemuseum.com Year-Book for 1911, Chicago Daily News, 1910; 1934 T33 T38 page 535. PD 405 Alphabetical Accounting Machine 1888 1901 https://en.wikipedia.org IBM Burroughs’ calculating machine Type 001 keypunch T44 Photo from Grosch, Herbert R.J., Computer: Bit Arithmometer Company (today Burroughs Computing-Tabulating-Recording Compagny 1923 Slices from a Life, Third Millenium Books, Novato Corporation) (CTR) Type 011 Electric Keypunch CA (1991). Patent drawing for Burroughs’s calculating Clerk with keypunch, 1920. © National Archives Computing-Tabulating-Recording Compagny http://www.columbia.edu machine, 1888. © PD https://www.officemuseum.com (CTR) T49 https://en.wikipedia.org T39 Customeer Engineer Manual of Instruction: 1946 T34 1902 Electric Punch Type 011, International Business ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and 1888 Climatisation Machines Corporation, New York, New York Computer) Dey Time Register (Dial Recorder) Willis Haviland Carrier (undated). © IBM Accounting Machine John William Mauchly / Moore School of Electri- Alexander Dey (Dey Time Register Company) © United Technologies Corporation http://www.columbia.edu cal Engineering. PD Dey Time Registers Ltd. Advertisement, c. 1911. http://www.williscarrier.com T45 https://fr.wikipedia.org http://americanhistory.si.edu T40 1923 T50 1910 Type 011 Electric Keypunch 1945

88 89 Memex IBM 702 T62 1974 Dr. Vannevar Bush IBM 1963 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) / IP (Internet Life 19(11), p.123 © Life © Ezra Stoller Xerox 813 Protocol) http://history-computer.com T57 Advertising for the Xerox 813. © Xerox Vinton G. Cerf, Bob Kahn T51 1958 https://www.pinterest.co.uk Diagram of a packet-switching network in Vinton 1946 Silicon chip T63 Cerf and Bob Kahn, «A Protocol for Packet 603 Electronic Multiplier Jack Kilby / Texas Instruments 1966 Network Intercommunication» in IEEE Transac- IBM © Texas Instruments Magnafax Telecopier tions on Communications, Vol. 22, No. 5 (May © IBM http://keranews.org Xerox 1974). New York : Institute of Electrical and http://www-03.ibm.com T58 Xerox advertising, Life, June 1966 © Life Electronics Engineers, 1974. T52 1959 https://www.officemuseum.com https://fr.wikipedia.org 1947 Dictabelt Time Master T64 T69 Memobelt American Dictaphone Company 1968 1977 American Dictaphone Company Ad for the Dictabelt Time Master from 1959 Arpanet Apple II Ad for the Memobelt from the 1940’s. © https://creativepro.com DARPA Apple Computer Inc. American Dictaphone Company T59 Carte logique du réseau ARPANET en mars 1977, «Introducing Apple II» Advertisement, 1977. https://creativepro.com 1959 exposée au musée de l’histoire de l’ordinateur. © Apple Computer Inc. T53 Xerox 914 © PD T70 1888 Xerox https://fr.wikipedia.org 1983 Telautograph Advertising for the Xerox 914, September 1959. T65 DynaTAC 8000X Elisha Gray © Xerox 1971 Motorola Later version of the Morkrum Printing Telegraph, https://www.wfdd.org Intel 4004 DynaTAC 8000X Advertisement, 1983. © eventually re-named the Teletype, c. 1910. © T60 Marcian Hoff, Federico Faggin / Intel. © Intel Motorola Morkrum Comagny 1959 http://www.4004.com/ T71 http://www.baudot.net ADALINE / MADALINE (Neural Network) T66 1989 T54 Bernard Widrow and Ted Hoff 1971 World Wide Web 1951 Credit : Fig. 2. ADALINE, in Bernard Widrow, An Redactron Tim Berners-Lee / CERN. PD UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) Adaptive «Adaline» Neuron Using Chemical Business Data Products https://fr.wikipedia.org Ecker-Maychly Computer Corporation © dr «Memistors», Technical Report No. 1553-2. Advertising for Redactron, New York Magazine, T72 http://www.astrosurf.com Stanford, CA : Stanford University, 1960. © December 1971. © New York Magazine 1991 T55 Stanford University https://books.google.fr Webcam 1952 https://cs.stanford.edu T67 James Quentin Stafford-Fraser, Paul Jardetzky / IBM 726 T61 1973 Cambridge University IBM 1960-1988 Micral-N A picture of the Trojan Room coffee pot, © IBM Hypertext (Project Xanadu) Réalisation d’Études Électroniques (R2E). © CC displayed in the XCoffee viewer. PD http://www.computerhistory.org Ted Nelson BY-SA 2.0 fr https://fr.wikipedia.org T56 Nelson, Theodor. Computer Lib / Dream https://en.wikipedia.org T73 1955 Machines. Ted Nelson, 1974. T68 1994

90 91 Simon Personal Communicator © Ethereum http://www.core77.com IBM T80 m-design M6 IBM Simon Intro 1994. © IBM 2014 1876 T74 SenSeative and furniture Furniture Caster 1997 MySeat David Fisher Google Search © MySeat M1 http://www.morethanjustamummy.com Larry Page and Sergey Brin http://www.myseat.ca/?l=en 1851 M7 Google home page at http://google.stanford.edu, T81 Centripetal Spring Armchair 1884 November 1998. © Stanford Industry. 2014 Thomas E. Warren / American Chair Company Staffel Chair T75 Möbius Photo by Michael Koryta and Andrew VanStyn Franz Staffel 2007 Jooxter http://www.slate.com Chaise Staffel, F.Staffel, 1884. © dr iPhone © Jooxter M2 https://www.espacebureau.fr Apple T82 1859 M8 «Touching is Believing» iPhone Advertisement, 2015 Chair No. 14 (Bistro Chair) 1886 2007. © Apple Business Microscope Michael Thonet Receptacle for storing and preserving papers T76 Hitachi © MoMa / Gift of Joseph H. Heil, by exchange Henry Brown 2008 © Hitachi https://www.moma.org https://patents.google.com Bitcoin http://social-innovation.hitachi M3 M9 Natoshi Sakamoto T83 1874 1903 Satoshi Nakamoto – Time Man of the 2015 Wooton’s Patent Cabinet Office Secretary Library Systems of Vertical Filing with Interchan- Year. © CoinedBits Echo William S. Wooton geable Unit Cabinets T77 Amazon Wooton Signed Victorian 1874 Patent Antique Library Bureau 2010 «Just Ask» Advertisement, 2015. © Amazon Walnut & Burl Desk, Call Buttons. © Harp Gallery https://babel.hathitrust.org Humanyze (until 2015 Sociometric Solutions T84 Antique Furniture M10 Inc.) 2016 https://www.harpgallery.com 1906 © Humanyze New Gen2 M4 Mobilier du Larkin Building https://en.wikipedia.org OTIS 1874 Frank Lloyd Wright T78 eCall smartphone application, 2016. © OTIS Wooton’s Patent Cabinet Office Secretary Office Armchair 2012 William S. Wooton © 2018 Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation Hue Thomas O’Brien, notary public, sitting at his https://www.moma.org Philips Wooton desk (c. 1900). © Early Office Museum M11 «The Birth Of Hue» Advertisement, Onevoice M5 1906 Connect, London, Oct 2012. ©Onevoice Connect 1874 Mobilier du Larkin Building / Philips Wooton’s Patent Cabinet Office Secretary Frank Lloyd Wright T79 William S. Wooton Desk for the Larkin Company Office in Buffalo 2013 Advertisement for the Wooton’s Patent Cabinet https://www.fastcodesign.com Ethereum Office Secretary from original Wooton catalog c. M12 Vitalik Buterin 1875. © Wooton 1915

92 93 Modern Efficiency Desk Company) desk George Nelson for Herman Miller Steelcase Corporation (Metal Office Furniture http://timeline.steelcase.com http://timeline.steelcase.com © Herman Miller. Photograph by R. H. Hensleigh Company) M18 M24 and Tim Thayer. Original Modern Efficiency Desk 1932 1945 https://www.hermanmiller.com http://timeline.steelcase.com Thonet B287 (The Growing Desk) Metal Office Furniture Co. M30 M13 Bruno Weil © Steelcase Archives 1963 1915 © Thonet http://timeline.steelcase.com Ball Chair Modern Efficiency Desk https://www.stylepark.com M25 Adelta Steelcase Corporation (Metal Office Furniture M19 1946 © Adelta Company) 1934 Multiple 15 https://www.stylepark.com 621 Desk (1924) Suspension File Patent Steelcase Corporation (Metal Office Furniture M31 http://timeline.steelcase.com Steelcase Corporation (Metal Office Furniture Company) 1964 M14 Company) http://www.red-thread.com Action Office 1915 http://timeline.steelcase.com M26 Robert Propst for Herman Miller Modern Efficiency Desk M20 1949 Robert Propst, the designer of the revolutionary Steelcase Corporation (Metal Office Furniture 1936 Executive Office Group (EOG) Action Office - and the accidental creator of the Company) Screen 100 George Nelson / Herman Miller (The EOG cubicle. c. 1964 621 Desk (1924) Artek (Alvar Aalto) appeared in the Herman Miller catalog beginning © Herman Miller http://timeline.steelcase.com © Artek in 1952) https://www.wired.com M15 https://www.artek.fi © Icollector M32 1915 M21 http://www.icollector.com 1964 Modern Efficiency Desk 1939 M27 Action Office Steelcase Corporation (Metal Office Furniture Industry’s First Roll-Edge Desk - 7000 Series 1956 Robert Propst for Herman Miller Company) Steelcase Corporation Lövet Table (Flat-Pack Design) Promotional image for Action Office I’s debut in 621 Desk (1924) © Steelcase archives IKEA (Gillis Lundgren) 1964. http://timeline.steelcase.com http://timeline.steelcase.com 1956 IKEA catalogue © IKEA © Herman Miller M16 M22 https://www.dezeen.com https://www.wired.com 1915 1940 M28 M33 Modern Efficiency Desk Johnson Wax Building’s furniture 1950-1957 1968 Steelcase Corporation (Metal Office Furniture Steelcase Corporation (Metal Office Furniture Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, Action Office II Company) Company) Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Architects (SOM) Robert Propst for Herman Miller Birth of the Brand (1921) - “Found Where http://timeline.steelcase.com The Planning Unit, Hans And Florence Knoll, Herman Miller’s advertising, c. 1968 Business Succeeds” M23 Interior Design ©Herman Miller http://timeline.steelcase.com 1940 © Knoll archives https://www.wired.com M17 Johnson Wax Building’s furniture https://www.knoll.com M34 1932 Steelcase Corporation (Metal Office Furniture M29 1968 Specialty Desk Company) 1958 Action Office II Steelcase Corporation (Metal Office Furniture Advertisement for the S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. MAA chair Robert Propst for Herman Miller

94 95 Action Office II’s layout in 1968. Hans Christian Mengshoel, Peter Opsvik http://materia.se 2012 ©Herman Miller © Nasjonalmuseet, Designsamlingene M47 Living Office https://www.wired.com http://www.slate.com 2000 Herman Miller M35 M41 AVL Skull © Herman Miller 1968 1985 Lensvelt https://www.hermanmiller.fr Action Office II Neutral Posture Zero Gravity chair © Lensvelt M54 Robert Propst for Herman Miller Dr. Jerome Congleton https://www.lensvelt.nl 2014 The Action Office II in action © Jerome Congleton M48 The Hut ©Herman Miller Source : http://www.slate.com 2003 Götessons https://www.wired.com M42 EnergyPod © Götessons Industri AB M36 1989 MetroNaps https://www.architonic.com 1968 Context Furniture System © MetroNaps M55 Action Office II Steelcase Corporation http://www.metronaps.com 2015 Robert Propst for Herman Miller © Steelcase archives M49 Brody WorkLounge ©Herman Miller http://timeline.steelcase.com 2006 Steelcase https://www.wired.com M43 Cheek Table & Bench © Steelcase archives M37 1994 Lande Source : http://timeline.steelcase.com 1968 Aeron Chair © Lande M56 Sacco Bean Bag Don Chadwick and William Eugene Stumpf for https://www.lande.eu 2015 Zanotta Herman Miller M50 Darma Cushion Sacco chair (transparent prototype), designed by © Herman Miller 2009 Darma Inc. Piero Gatti, Cesare Paolini, and Franco Teodoro, https://www.hermanmiller.com media:scape © Darma Inc. Zanotta, Italy. © Zanotta M44 Steelcase Inc. http://darma.co https://www.switchmodern.com 1995 © Steelcase Inc. M57 M38 Rooms That Work https://www.architonic.com 2015 1973 Steelcase, AT&T, Marriott M51 Saent Series 9000 http://timeline.steelcase.com 2009 Saent Steelcase Corporation M45 Emperor © Saent http://timeline.steelcase.com 2000 Mwe Lab https://www.saent.com M39 Standby Office © Mwe Lab M58 1976 König + Neurath https://www.mwelab.com 2015 Ergon Chair © König + Neurath M52 Bliwe William Eugene Stumpf for Herman Miller Source : http://www.e-flux.com 2011 Bliwe © Herman Miller M46 Sleep Pod © Bliwe http://www.slate.com 2000 Podtime http://www.bliwe.com M40 Monolite Compartment © Working House Ltd 2011 - 2018 M59 1980 Materia http://www.podtime.co.uk 2016 Balans Variable © Materia M53 Lift-Bit

96 97 Carlo Ratti Associati http://www.loc.gov/ Chicago,» IL, 1883. Credit : Max Tomasinelli © Carlo Ratti Associati a-ambiences A6 Credit : G. L. Howe and O. M. Powers, The Secrets http://lift-bit.com 1857 of Success in Business, 1883, p. 398. © Early M60 A1 Haughwout & Company Building, 488-492 Office Museum 2016 1517 Broadway, New York County, NY. A12 Human Space Cube Jakob Fugger In His Office (with his main-ac- Historic American Buildings Survey, Cervin 1883 Bosse countancy M. Schwarz) Robinson, Photographer, August 1970. - E. V. The Secrets of Success in Business. © AMM Aménagement / Bosse Jakob Fugger Source : http://www.loc.gov Office with (from left) letter copying press, large http://www.bosse.de Pen and ink on paper. Germany : Herzog Anton A7 book-keeper’s desk, and desk in the style of M61 Ulrich Museum. © Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum 1867 Wooton and Moore, 1883. 2016 https://commons.wikimedia.org Wells Fargo Express Office, San Francisco. Credit : G. L. Howe and O. M. Powers, The Secrets Gaze Desk A2 Wells Fargo Archives. © Wells Fargo Bank of Success in Business, 1883, p. 85. © Early Gaze Lab 1526 A8 Office Museum © Gaze Lab Erasmus of Rotterdam 1870 A13 http://www.gaze-lab.com Albrecht Dürer US Treasury Building, Washington, DC. 1888 M62 Engraving. New York City : Metropolitan Museum Women employees and a male supervisor in a Rookery Building, 209 South LaSalle Street, 2017 of Art. © Metropolitan Museum of Art second floor office in the South wing of the U.S. Chicago, Cook County, IL. se:connects https://en.wikipedia.org Treasury building, Washington, DC, stereoview, John Wellborn Root (at right) with Daniel Sedus A3 1870. Burnham Photo credit: Chicago History Museum © Sedus Stoll AG 1672 Credit : Department of the Treasury, Washington, https://interactive.wttw.com https://www.sedus.com A Notary in His Office DC. © Department of Treasury A14 M63 Job A. Berckheijde A9 1888 2017 Oil on canvas. London : Collection of Richard 1877 Rookery Building, 209 South LaSalle Street, Santini Quiet Point Green. © Richard Green Practical, Banking & Office Departments, Chicago, Cook County, IL. A.M.O.S. DESIGN https://commons.wikimedia.org Eastman Business College, Poughkeepsie, NY. Burnham, Daniel H., Collection, 1836-1946 (bulk © A.M.O.S. DESIGN s.r.o. A4 © Early Office Museum 1880-1925) http://www.amosdesign.eu c. 1770 A10 http://explore.chicagocollections.org M64 An Old-Time Counting Room, Fell’s Point, 1879 A15 2018 Baltimore, MD. Leiter I Building, 200-208 West Monroe Street, 1888 Cove Lounge chair «Old Baltimore and Its Merchants,» Harper’s Chicago, Cook County, IL. Rookery Building, 209 South LaSalle Street, Foster & Partners New Monthly Magazine, Nov. 1880. Historic American Buildings Survey Cervin Chicago, Cook County, IL. © Foster & Partners © Early Office Museum Robinson, Photographer, 21 July 1963 SOUTH Nickel Richard Archive Source : https://www.fosterandpartners.com A5 AND EAST ELEVATIONS FROM SOUTHWEST Lobby of the Rookery Building 1857 http://www.loc.gov Reference Sources A. Sinkevitch (ed.), AIA Guide Jayne Building, 242-244 Chestnut Street, Phila- A11 to Chicago (2004), #164, p.78 delphia, Philadelphia County, PA. 1883 http://explore.chicagocollections.org Historic American Buildings Survey, Leonard First National Bank, Chicago, IL. A16 Overturf, Photographer, Spring, 1951. «Interior View of the First National Bank, 1889

98 99 Les Appartements de M. Eiffel à la plate-forme Dankmar Adler, Louis Sullivan, Buffalo, United Credit : Museum of the City of New York, Byron A32 du quatrième étage (285 mètres du sol), 1900, States Collection © Museum of the City of New York 1922 photographes : Neurdein Frères. Fonds Gustave Nickel and Siskind, «The Complete Architecture A27 Chicago Tribune Tower (Competition Entry) in Eiffel Souvenir de la Tour Eiffel © Musée d’Orsay. of Adler & Sullivan,» #186, p.406 (Pl.175, p.191), 1906 Chicago, Illinois – Hilberseimer. https://en.muzeo.com Nickel Richard Archive. Larkin Building, Frank Lloyd Wright, Buffalo, Archival Collection Name Hilberseimer, Ludwig A17 http://explore.chicagocollections.org/ United States Karl, Papers, c.1885-1995 (bulk 1938-1967). 1889 A22 Larkin Company Administration Building Chicago collection. Tacoma Building, Holabird & Roche, Chicago, 1895 © Ryerson & Burnham Archives http://explore.chicagocollections.org United States Guaranty Building (Prudential Building), http://digital-libraries.saic.edu A33 Archival Collection Name Taylor, J.W., Photograph Dankmar Adler, Louis Sullivan, Buffalo, United A28 1924 Collection, c.1880-1910. Photographer Taylor, States 1906 Home Office, Victory Life Insurance Co. J.W. Nickel and Siskind, «The Complete Architecture Larkin Building, Frank Lloyd Wright, Buffalo, Partial View of Home Office, Victory Life http://explore.chicagocollections.org/ of Adler & Sullivan,» #186, p.406 (Pl.176, p.193) United States Insurance Co., Chicago, Illinois. Postcard. © Early A18 http://explore.chicagocollections.org/ Inspirational Words of the Larking Building Office Museum 1890 A23 Interior Court : GENEROSITY ALTRUISM https://www.officemuseum.com The Old Office 1896 SACRIFICE, INTEGRITY LOYALTY FIDELITY, IMA- A34 «The Old Office,» 1890. The sign on the wall Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, GINATION JUDGEMENT INITIATIVE, INTELLI- 1929 reads «Saint Paul Fire and Marine Insurance NY. GENCE ENTHUSIASM CONTROL, CO-OPERATION Computing Division, Veterans Bureau, Washing- Company, St. Paul, Minn.» © MetLife Archive ECONOMY INDUSTRY. Courtesy of CGM Findings. ton DC, 1929. © Early Office Museum A24 http://cgmfindings.tumblr.com © Early Office Museum A19 1896 A29 A35 1894 Globe Co. Furniture Advertisement c. 1913 1936 Stenographers at the law firm of Winkler, Illustration from office furniture advertisement Order Entry Department, Sears, Roebuck & Co., Giuseppe Terragni, Casa del Fascio, Como. Flanders, Smith, Bottum, & Vilas. by the Globe Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, 1896. © Early Chicago, IL, c. 1913. Conference room from the Casa del Fascio, Credit : Wisconsin Historical Society, Wisconsin Office Museum Credit : © Smithsonian Institution, National Como, 1932-36 Historical Images, No. 6992. © Wisconsin Histo- A25 Museum of American History. http://asqimo.tumblr.com rical Society 1900 A30 A36 A20 Armour & Co.’s General Office, Chicago, IL. 1921 1936 1892 «Panoramic Picture of Armour & Co.’s General Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Friedrichstrasse Giuseppe Terragni, Casa del Fascio, Como. Monadnock Building, 53-55 W. Jackson Blvd. at Office, Union Stock Yards, Chicago,» Ill., by Geo. Skyscraper Project, Berlin-Mitte, Germany Interior of the Director’s office, looking across S. Dearborn St., Chicago. R. Lawrence Co., copyright 1900. (exterior perspective from north), 1921© MoMa the piazza to the duomo. Photographer : Richard Nickel. Reference source Credit : Library of Congress, Prints & Photo- https://www.moma.org http://rivista.clionet.it : A. Sinkevitch (ed.), AIA Guide to Chicago (2004), graphs Div., Panoramic Photographs, LC-USZ62- A31 A37 #122, p.63 52759/60 1922 1939 http://explore.chicagocollections.org A26 Chicago Tribune Tower (Competition Entry) in Johnson Wax Building, Frank Lloyd Wright, A21 c. 1905 Chicago, Illinois - Adolf Loos © the city of Prague Racine, United States. 1895 Filing Section, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., Museum Highsmith, Carol M, photographer. Work area at Guaranty Building (Prudential Building), New York, NY. http://en.muzeumprahy.cz the Johnson Wax Building, headquarters of the

100 101 S.C. Johnson and Son Co., Racine, Wisconsin. Seagram Building, Location: New York NY, A49 partners Racine United States Wisconsin, None. [Between Architect: Mies van der Rohe with Philip Johnson 1968 https://www.fosterandpartners.com 1980 and 2006] Photograph. © Ezra Stoller / Esto Ford Foundation Building, Location: New York NY, A56 https://www.loc.gov https://www.estostock.com Architect: Roche Dinkeloo and Dan Kiley © Ezra 1986 A38 A43 Stoller / Esto Lloyd’s Insurance Building, Richard Rogers 1939 1958 https://www.estostock.com architect, London © Rowan Beckworth Johnson Wax Building, Frank Lloyd Wright, Seagram Building, Location: New York NY, A50 http://rowanbeckworth.com Racine, United States. Architect: Mies van der Rohe with Philip Johnson 1972 A57 View towards the elevator. (c. 1955). Image © SC © Ezra Stoller / Esto Centraal Beheer Offices, Herman Hertzberger 1986 Johnson https://www.estostock.com Architecte, Apeldoorn, Netherlands, 1972. Lloyd’s Insurance Building, Richard Rogers https://www.archdaily.com A44 Photographie : dr architect, London © Rowan Beckworth A39 1960 A51 http://rowanbeckworth.com c. 1943 Bureau of the pharmaceutical company Boehrin- 1972 A58 File Room, Pentagon, U.S. Department of ger Mannheim, 1958-60, photo © Quickborner Centraal Beheer Offices, Herman Hertzberger 1991 Defense, Washington, DC, World War II. © Early Team Architecte, Apeldoorn, Netherlands, 1972. TBWA/Chiat/Day, Frank Gehry, Los Angeles, Office Museum https://www.buerolandschaft.net Photographie Willem Diepraam ou Herman van United States, 1991. A40 A45 Doorn Clive Wilkinson architects, Warehouse Conver- 1952 1960 www.ahh.nl sion, 1998. © Benny Chan, Fotoworks Lever House, Gordon Bunshaft (SOM), New Bureau of the pharmaceutical company Boehrin- A52 http://www.clivewilkinson.com York, United States. ger Mannheim, 1958-60, photo © Quickborner 1974 A59 Interior view. Lever Brothers office building, New Team BMW Headquarter, Schwantzer architect, 1991 York, 1959. Lever House by Gordon Bunshaft and https://www.buerolandschaft.net Munich, Germany, 1974 © BMW Group TBWA/Chiat/Day, Frank Gehry, Los Angeles, SOM, New York, United States. Photography © A46 http://f30.bimmerpost.com United States, 1991. Ezra Stoller, National Archives, Records of the 1966 A53 Clive Wilkinson architects, Warehouse Conver- U.S. Osram Headquarters, Henn Architects, Munich, 1974 sion, 1998. © Benny Chan, Fotoworks https://www.metalocus.es 1965 © Heinrich Heidersberger BMW Headquarter, Schwantzer architect, http://www.clivewilkinson.com A41 http://www.henn.com Munich, Germany, 1974 © BMW Group A60 1952 A47 http://f30.bimmerpost.com 2000 Lever House, Gordon Bunshaft (SOM), New 1966 A54 Pixar Animation Studios, Emeryville York, United States. Osram Headquarters, Henn Architects, Munich, 1975 © dr Interior view. Lever Brothers office building, New 1965 © Heinrich Heidersberger Willis Faber & Dumas Headquarters, Foster + www.ohmy.disney.com York, 1959. Lever House by Gordon Bunshaft and http://www.henn.com Partners, Ipswich, England, 1975 © Foster & A61 SOM, New York, United States. Photography © A48 partners 2001 Ezra Stoller, National Archives, Records of the 1968 https://www.fosterandpartners.com Caja Granada Savings Bank, Alberto Campo U.S. Ford Foundation Building, Location: New York NY, A55 Baeza, Granada, Spain, 2001 © Alberto Campo https://www.metalocus.es Architect: Roche Dinkeloo and Dan Kiley © Ezra 1975 Baeza A42 Stoller / Esto Willis Faber & Dumas Headquarters, Foster + http://www.campobaeza.com 1958 https://www.estostock.com Partners, Ipswich, England, 1975 © Foster & A62

102 103 2001 A69 2015 Remix PCE, Remix Coworking, Paris, 2015 © Will Caja Granada Savings Bank, Alberto Campo 2008 Siège Social BETC, Jung Architectures, Pantin, iam Beaucardet Baeza, Granada, Spain, 2001 © Alberto Campo Google EMEA Engineering HUB, Camenzind France, 2015 © Philippe Garcia https://www.remixcoworking.com Baeza Evolution, Zurich, Switzerland, 2008 © http://www.tristangodefroy.com A84 http://www.campobaeza.com Camenzind Evolution A77 2017 A63 https://www.archdaily.com 2016 Primmoffice, Paris, France, 2017 © Primmoffice 2002 A70 Uber Advanced Technologies Group http://www.primmoffice.com Immeuble de bureaux, Lacaton & Vassal, Nantes, 2010 Center, Assembly Design Studio, Pittsburgh, A85 2002 © Lacaton & Vassal Skype HQ, Design Blitz, Palo Alto, United United States, 2016 © Jasper Sanidad 2017 https://www.lacatonvassal.com States, 2010 © Hoffman Chrisman & Matthew https://www.archdaily.com Primmoffice, Paris, France, 2017 © Primmoffice A64 Millman A78 http://www.primmoffice.com 2004 https://www.archdaily.com 2016 A86 Swiss Re Tower ‘The Gherkin’ London © Paul A71 Uber Advanced Technologies Group 2017 Riddle Photographer 2010 Center, Assembly Design Studio, Pittsburgh, WeWork Uptown, Dallas, United States, 2017 © https://www.pinterest.co.uk Skype HQ, Design Blitz, Palo Alto, United United States, 2016 © Jasper Sanidad WeWork A65 States, 2010 © Hoffman Chrisman & Matthew https://www.archdaily.com https://www.wework.com 2004 Millman A79 A87 Swiss Re Tower ‘The Gherkin’ London © Paul https://www.archdaily.com 2017 2017 Riddle Photographer A72 Autodesk’s MaRS Office, The Living, Toronto, Agnelli Foundation HQ, Carlo Ratti https://www.pinterest.co.uk 2011 Canada, 2017 © Ben Rahn/A-Frame Associati, Turin, Italy, 2017 © Carlo Ratti A66 Red Bull Amsterdam, Sid Lee Architec- http://www.thelivingnewyork.com/ Assocati 2008 ture, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2011 © Ewout A80 http://www.carloratti.com Kanagawa Institute of Technolo- Huibers 2017 A88 gy Workshop, Junya Ishigami, Atsugi, https://archello.com Autodesk’s MaRS Office, The Living, Toronto, 2017 Japan, 2008 © Iwan Baam A73 Canada, 2017 © Ben Rahn/A-Frame Agnelli Foundation HQ, Carlo Ratti https://www.espazium.ch 2012 http://www.thelivingnewyork.com/ Associati, Turin, Italy, 2017 © Carlo Ratti A67 Teletech, MVRDV, Dijon, France © Philippe A81 Assocati 2008 Ruault 2017 http://www.carloratti.com Google EMEA Engineering HUB, Camenzind A74 Station F, Wilmotte & Associés, Paris, France A89 Evolution, Zurich, Switzerland, 2008 © 2012 © Patrick Tourneboeuf 2017 Camenzind Evolution Teletech, MVRDV, Dijon, France © Philippe A82 Cloud Coworking, Mesura, Barcelona, https://www.archdaily.com Ruault 2014 Spain, 2017 © Salva López A68 A75 Office for Architecture Studio and Coworking https://www.archdaily.com 2008 2015 Space, As-Built, Ferrol, Spain, 2014 © Moncho A90 Google EMEA Engineering HUB, Camenzind Siège Social BETC, Jung Architectures, Pantin, Rey 2018 Evolution, Zurich, Switzerland, 2008 © France, 2015 © Philippe Garcia https://www.archdaily.com Full Node, Berlin, Germany, 2018 © Full node Camenzind Evolution http://www.tristangodefroy.com A83 https://www.fullnode.berlin https://www.archdaily.com A76 2015 A91

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106 107 Taylor, Frederick Winslow. The Principles of Self Mastery Through Conscious Autosuggestion Act Wiener, Norbert. Cybernetics, or Control and Scientific Management. New York, London : Coué, Emile. Self Mastery Through Conscious Social Security poster of a woman leaning on a Communication in The Animal and The Machine. Harper & Brothers, 1911. Autosuggestion. New York : American Library fence post. Paris : Hermann & Cie, Cambridge : The Tech- Special edition printed in February 1911, for Service Publishers, 1922. FDR Library Photo Collection. NPx. 53-227(1733). nology Press, New York : John Wiley & Sons Inc., confidential circulation among the members of http://www.gutenberg.org https://fdrlibrary.wordpress.com 1948. the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, S16 S21 S26 with the compliments of the author. 1933 1937 1956 Digitized by the Internet Archive. Original from The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization Songs of the IBM The Organization Man the Prelinger Library Collection. Mayo, Elton. The Human Problems of an Indus- Songs of the IBM : Fellowship Songs of Inter- Whyte, William H. Jr. The Organization Man. New https://archive.org trial Civilization. New York : Macmillan Co., 1933. national Business Machines Corporation. New York : Simon and Schuster, 1956. S12 S17 York, : IBM, 1937. https://twicemodern.wordpress.com 1912-1936 1934 https://arstechnica.com S27 The Taylor Society - A Society to Promote the On the White Collar Front S22 1959 Science of Management Burnshaw, Stanley et al (ed). «On the White 1938 The Silent Language The Taylor Society. Bulletin of the Taylor Society Collar Front», in New Masses, Vol. 11, No. 12 Le Corbusier. Gratte-ciel, quartier de la Marine, Hall, Edward T. The Silent Language. Greenwich, : A Society to Promote the Science of Manage- (June 19,1934). New York : The New Masses, cité des affaires. Algiers, Algeria. Connecticut : Fawcett Publications, 1959. ment, Vol. II, No. 5 (December 1916). New York : 1934. Photo : Albin Salaün. © FLC/ADAGP https://www.goodreads.com Taylor Society, 1916. https://www.marxists.org http://www.fondationlecorbusier.fr S28 Digitized by University of Michigan. Original S18 S23 1959 from University of Michigan. 1935 1938-1940 The Landmarks of Tomorrow Drucker, Peter F. The https://babel.hathitrust.org The Crisis of the Middle Class HP Garage Landmarks of Tomorrow. New York : Harper & S13 Corey, Lewis. The Crisis of the Middle Class. New «The Birthplace of Silicon Valley», HP house Brothers, 1959. 1917 York : Covici-Friede, 1935. and garage at 367 Addison Avenue, Palo Alto, S29 Scientific Office Management (Cover from the re-edition by Columbia Univer- California, 1939. 1960 Leffingwell, William Henry. Scientific Office sity Press, 1994) Courtesy of Keysight Technologies Historical The Human Side of Enterprise Management. Chicago, New York, London : A.W. S19 Archives. McGregor, Douglas. The Human Side of Enter- Shaw Co., 1917. 1935 https://history.keysight.com prise. New York : McGraw-Hill, 1960. https://www.amazon.com Social Security Act and National Labor Relations S24 S30 S14 Act 1942 1945 1919 President Franklin Roosevelt signing the AT&T Bell Telephone Laboratories Comité d’entreprise et comités d’établissement The Brass Check : A Study of American Journa- National Labor Relations Act on July 5, 1935. Voorhees, Walker, Foley & Smith. Marcel Paul et Ambroise Croizat (au centre) à la lism With Rep. Theodore A. Peyser (D-NY, left) and Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New sortie du conseil des ministres le 2 juillet 1946. Sinclair, Upton. The Brass Check : A Study of U.S.Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins (middle). Jersey. General view from entrance road I Credit : Mémoires d’Humanité/Archives départe- American Journalism. Pasadena, The Author, PD Photo : Gottscho-Schleisner, Inc. mentales de la Seine-Saint-Denis. 1919. https://www.countable.us S25 https://www.humanite.fr Original from the Cornell University Library. S20 1948 S31 https://archive.org 1935 Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in 1973 S15 Social Security Act and National Labor Relations The Animal and The Machine Centre régional d’informatique de Nemours

108 109 François Deslaugiers 1982 S43 https://en.wikipedia.org © ADAGP, Paris / Centre Pompidou, MNAM-CCI, Breakup of the Bell System 1996 S48 Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Jean-Claude Planchet Cover of Newsweek, Vol. XCIX, No. 3 (January 18, FACE Intel (Former and Current Employees of 1995 S32 1982). Newsweek Inc., 1982. Intel) Freelancers Union creation 1989 https://www.pinterest.com FACE Intel (Former and Current Employees of Freelancers Union creation, founded by Sara La Grande Arche, La Défense, Paris. S38 Intel) website, c. 1996. Courtesy of Rosemary J. Horowitz Paul Andreu 1982 Coombe and Andrew Herman Subway Poster, c. 2008. Courtesy of the Freelan- Credit : Stephen Beer, 1990-94 Archive - La In Search of Excellence : Lessons from America’s http://web.mit.edu cers Union. Grande Arche - Limited Edition 1 of 5, UK. © Best-Run Companies S44 https://fontsinuse.com Stephen Beer Peters, Thomas J., Robert H. Waterman. In 1992 S49 S33 Search of Excellence : Lessons from America’s Liberation Management : Necessary Disorgani- 1996 1973 Best-Run Companies. New York : Harper & Row, zation for the Nanosecond Nineties Deep Blue Humanscale 1982. Peters, Thomas J. Liberation Management : IBM Harman, David, Niels Diffrient, Alvin R. Tilley and http://kevinduncan.typepad.com Necessary Disorganization for the Nanosecond Credit : World chess champion Garry Kasparov Joan C. Bardagjy. Humanscale. Cambridge, Mass. S39 Nineties. New York : A. A. Knopf, 1992. rests his head in his hands as he is seen on a : MIT Press, 1973. 1984 S45 monitor during game six of the chess match S34 Niels Diffrient 1995 against IBM supercomputer Deep Blue , May 11, 1973 Niels Diffrient in 1984. Credit John Dominis/Time Original Netscape team members 1997. © REUTERS/Peter Morgan Humanscale & Life Pictures, via Getty Images Original Netscape team members: Chris Houck, https://en.wikipedia.org Measurement Guide originally created by Henry S40 Aleks Totic, Marc Andreessen, Jon Mittelhauser, S50 Dreyfuss Associates designers Niels Diffrient 1984 Jim Clark, Lou Montulli, and Rob McCool, c. 1995. 2002 and Alvin R. Tilley and published from 1974-81. Steve Jobs hoto : Andy Freeberg; Illinois Computer Science Free Wi-Fi at Starbucks https://www.itsnicethat.com Steve Jobs, Woodside, CA, 1984. ©Norman Seeff Dept. Starbucks / AT&T advertisement, c. 2002. © S35 http://normanseeff.com http://www.internethistorypodcast.com Starbucks / AT&T 1976 S41 S46 S51 Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs 1987 1996 2010 Steve Wozniak (left) and Steve Jobs (right) sitting SAS Headquarter Marc Andreessen AlphaGo at a computer in their garage, 1976. Courtesy of Niels Torp Marc Andreessen on the cover of Time Magazine, Google Deepmind Apple Computers Frøsundavik, Stockholm, Sweden. Vol. 147, No. 8 (February 19, 1996). New York : Google’s AlphaGo Has Won Its Third Match http://www.nydailynews.com S42 Time Inc., 1996. Cover Credit: Sam Jones. Against Go World Champion Lee Sedol, S36 1992-1998 http://content.time.com 2016 © AP Images 1981 Gordon Moore (Intel) S47 S52 Theory Z: How American Business Can Meet the Intel co-founder (CEO 1975-1987) Gordon Moore 1995 2013 Japanese Challenge in his office at the Robert Noyce Building in Freelancers Union creation Seattle’s Hacker House Ouchi, William G. Theory Z: How American Santa Clara, Caliornia., several years after he Freelancers Union creation, founded by Sara Andy Rebele Business Can Meet the Japanese Challenge. officially retired (1998). Courtesy of Intel Free Horowitz © GeekWire New York : Avon Books, 1981. Press Original Logo, 1995. Courtesy of the Freelancers S53 S37 https://www.flickr.com Union. 2014

110 111 Happy Hour Is 9 To 5 : How to Love Your Job, Love Crowell, 1948. https://invisibleworkfilmwritings.wordpress.com Your Life, and Kick Butt at Work c-artistic C6 C11 Kjerulf, Alexander. Happy Hour Is 9 To 5 : How to 1956 1967 Love Your Job, Love Your Life, and Kick Butt at and critical The Man In The Gray Flannel Suit Playtime Work. London : Pine Tribe, 2014. Nuannally Johnson Jacques Tati https://www.amazon.com approaches Film, 153 minutes. USA : 20th Century Fox, 1956. Film, 155 minutes (with intermission and exit S54 © 20th Century Fox music). France : Les Films de Mon Oncle – 2015 C1 C7 Specta Films CEPEC, 1967. © Les Films de Mon Hacker House Paris 1474-1475 1956 Oncle – Specta Films CEPEC © HackerHouse Paris San Girolamo nello studio House of the Future https://thespaces.com S55 Antonello da Messina Allison and Peter Smithson C12 2016 Oil on wood. Courtesy of National Gallery, Installation. Daily Mail Ideal Home Exhibition, 1967 The Next Rembrandt London. London : Olympia Exhibition Centre, 1956. TV Helmet (Portable Living Room) ING / J. Walter Thompson Amsterdam https://en.wikipedia.org Image : Parker, William L. (ed). «This is a House?», Walter Pichler © ING / J. Walter Thompson Amsterdam C2 in Mechanix Illustrated, Sep. 1956. Greenwich, Technical device. Austria, 1967. © Walter Pichler https://www.jwt.com 1889 Conn. : Fawcett, 1956. © Mechanix Illustrated / Contemporary Fine Arts, Berlin S56 The Office Boy http://blog.modernmechanix.com https://artselectronic.wordpress.com 2017 Parker Brothers C8 C13 Le Club des CHO Board game. Salem, MA : Parker Brothers. © 1957 1969 Le Club des CHO (Chief Happiness Officers), BoardGameGeek The Information Machine : Creative Man and the Mobile Office logo. Courtesy of Le Club des CHO https://boardgamegeek.com Data Processor Hans Hollein http://clubdescho.com C3 Charles and Ray Eames TV Performance, Vienna, Austria, 1969. © Hans S57 1923 Animated Film, 10 minutes. Produced for IBM’s Hollein 2017 The Adding Machine pavilion at the 1958 Brussels World’s Fair. USA C14 Slock.it Elmer Rice : IBM, Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational 1969 Slock.it Play. London : Garrick Theatre, March 1923. © Corporation, 1957. © Eames Office. Monumento Continuo © Slock.it GmbH USTheater, Opera, and Performance C9 Superstudio C4 1959 Drawing, photomontage. Presented at the 1928 The Best of Everything exhibition Trigon, Graz, 1969. Un Lago di nuvole The Crowd Jean Negulesco tra eterne montagne © Superstudio / Collection King Vidor Film, 121 minutes. USA : 20th Century Fox, 1959. Frac Centre Film, 98 minutes. USA : Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer © 20th Century Fox http://www.frac-centre.fr (MGM). © MGM C10 C15 C5 1960 1969 1948 The Apartment Istogrammi di architettura Cheaper by the Dozen Billy Wilder Superstudio Gilbreth, Frank B, Emestine Gilbreth Carey. Film, 125 minutes. USA : United Artists, 1960. © Installation. Orléans : Collection Frac Centre. © Cheaper by the dozen. New York : Thomas United Artists Superstudio / Collection Frac Centre

112 113 http://www.frac-centre.fr Books, 1984. Alain Bernardini each 4.85m x 2.8m. © Timo Arnall C16 C21 Photography. Virty-sur-Seine : Mac Val, 2007. http://www.elasticspace.com 1969 1988 Credit : «Tu m’auras pas #58, agent(e) C32 No-Stop City Working Girl d’accueil» © Collection du Mac Val 2015 Archizoom Associati Mike Nichols https://journals.openedition.org Comfort Zone Model. Orléans : Collection Frac Centre. © Film, 116 minutes. USA : 20th Century Fox, 1988. C27 ÅYR (FKA. Airbnb Pavilion) Archizoom Associati / Collection Frac Centre © Mike Nichols / 20th Century Fox. 2011 Installation. London : Frieze Fair, 2015. http://www.frac-centre.fr C22 All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace Credit: Plastiques Photography. Courtesy of C17 1997-2000 Adam Curtis Plastiques Photography/Frieze. 1984 Office 1 TV Series, 180 minutes. UK : BBC Two, 2011. © https://frieze.com This Was Corporate America David Moore Adam Curtis / BBC Two. Chauncey Hare (text and photographs by Photography. © David Moore C28 Chauncey Hare) C23 2012 Hare, Chauncey. This Was Corporate 1998-2002 Ein neues Produkt (Un nouveau produit) America. Boston : Institute of Contemporary Art, Les Sorties de bureaux Harun Farocki 1984. Valérie Jouve Film , 36 min. Germany : Harun Farocki Filmpro- Photo : A Study of Standard Oil Company C-print, 24 polyptych panels. Valérie Jouve : duktion, 2012. © Harun Farocki /Harun Farocki Employees. © Chauncey Hare Bodies, Resisting, Paris : Jeu de Paume, 2015. Filmproduktion C18 © Valérie Jouve / ADAGP, Paris 2015. Courtesy C29 1980 galerie Xippas, Paris 2013 9 to 5 https://www.artsy.net Torre David Colin Higgins C24 Urban Think Tank Film, 110 minutes. USA : 20th Century Fox, 1980. 1999 Film, 24 min. Directed by Markus Kneer and © Colin Higgins / 20th Century Fox. Office Space Daniel Schwartz. Venezuela/Switzerland, 2013. C19 Mike Judge © UTT 1983 Film, 89 minutes. USA : 20th Century Fox, 1999. C30 The Official Silicon Valley Guy Handbook © Mike Judge / 20th Century Fox. 2014 Bell, Patty, Doug Myrland. The Official Silicon C25 The End of Sitting Valley Guy Handbook. New York : Avon Books, 2002 RAAF and Barbara Visser 1983. Casual Fridays (Table Top et Exhausted) Installation. Amsterdam : Looiersgracht 60, https://www.amazon.com Maureen Connor 2014.© Jan Kempenaers C20 Commissioned for the exhibition Source : http://www.raaaf.nl 1984 Rapture. London : Barbican Art Gallery. © C31 The Yuppie Handbook : The State-of-the-Art Maureen Connor 2014 Manual for Young Urban Professionals Source : http://www.maureenconnor.net Internet Machine Piesman, Marissa, Marilee Hartley. The Yuppie C26 Timo Arnall Handbook : The State-of-the-Art Manual for 2007 Film: 6 min 40 sec, digital 4K, 25fps, stereo. Ins- Young Urban Professionals. New York : Pocket Tu m’auras pas tallation: Digital projection, 3 x 16:10 screens,

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