14 5 0 – 175 0 renaissance and reformation “The church says that the Earth is flat,but I know that it is round, for I have seen the shadow on the Moon, and I have more faith in a shadow than in the Church.” Ferdinand Magellan, leader of the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe, c. 1519

1610 1630 1650 1670 1690 1710 1730 1750

1631 1652 1682 c. 1700 1751 Battle of Breitenfeld: Dutch establish colony La Salle navigates Boston emerges Diderot publishes Gustavus Adolphus at Cape of Good Hope. Mississippi; claims as principal New first volume of his consolidates position 1654 Louisiana for France. World port of Encyclopédie. of the Swedes in Construction of the Taj Louis XIV establishes Atlantic slave trade. Germany and restores Mahal completed in Versailles as base for Protestant fortunes Agra, India. Oliver his court and after a decade Cromwell appointed government. of defeats. Lord Protector, England.

Gustavus Adolphus   Palace of Versailles  Isaac Newton  Encyclopédie

 The Mayflower 1635 1664 1713  Blackbeard  Harrison’s c.1750 French intervention Second Anglo-Dutch Treaty of Utrecht: ends chronometer Wahhabi movement 1618 War begins; English 1722 in 30 Years War War of Spanish 1736 to purify Islam begins, Bohemian Protestant seize New Amsterdam Afghans overthrow prevents pro-Habsburg Succession, confirms Nadir Shah becomes Arabia. Lancashire revolt against from Dutch. last Safavid shah. settlement at Peace separation of French ruler of Persia, and cotton mills supplant Habsburg rule breaks 1666 1724 of Prague. and Spanish crowns begins Persian South Asian textile out. Protestant and French Royal Academy Kingdom of 1638 and British control of expansion. Hindu trade in Western catholic intervention of Sciences founded, Dahomey becomes Murad IV retakes Newfoundland and Marathas extend Europe. sparks off the 30 Paris. principal supplier Baghdad from Nova Scotia. control of north India. Years War across the Safavids. of slaves to Europe. European traders. French occupy Madras in south India.  Louis XIV

 First Thanksgiving 1648 1668  British bank note 1701 1734 1750 Peace of Westphalia Portuguese War of Spanish Lloyd’s List begins : 1624 agreed: ends 30 Years independence 1690 Succession begins. publishing shipping agrees boundary Shah Abbas retakes War. France collapses conceded by . English trading post, Swedish invasion of news. Sultan of Bornu between Spanish Baghdad and extends into civil war (the Treaty of Aix-la- Fort William, Poland begins first becomes ruler of South American Safavid empire deep Fronde). Chapelle concedes established, in phase of Great neighboring Kanem; colonies and Brazil. into Anatolia. Cardinal French gains in the Calcutta, India. Northern War. forms major sub- Richelieu becomes . 1694 Ashanti begin rise Saharan trading state. French first minister. 1669 Bank of England to prominence, 1735 Coffee introduced to established. West Africa. John Harrison unveils Western Europe. his marine chronometer.

 Italian cookbook, 1622 1626 1661  Mortar 1683 1717 1745 Dutch found a colony First Jesuit mission to Ottoman siege of Blackbeard begins Stuart Jacobite 1620 in the Americas Tibet. Louis XIV 1672 Vienna defeated; plundering ships in rebellion aims to Mayflower sets sail named New assumes personal rule Louis XIV launches his followed by collapse the Caribbean. overthrow Hanoverians from England with the Amsterdam (modern of France. armies against the of Ottoman power in 1720 in Britain. Pilgrim fathers; arrives New York). 1662 Dutch: sparks off first the Balkans. Qing oust Mongols 1747 in Plymouth, North Royal Society founded great European 1687 from Tibet. Spanish Afghanistan kingdom America later that in London for coalition war against Principia acquire Texas. established by Ahmad year; one year later advancement France. Mathematica, written Khan Abdali. Yoruba they celebrate the first of science. by Isaac Newton: the tribe begins conquest Thanksgiving with principle of gravity of Dahomey (Benin). American Indians. North American  Pilgrim house  Telescope Heliocentric universe  established. colonies map 

 Treaty of Westphalia 1689 1704 1727 1748  earthquake Treaty of Nerchinsk Opticks, written by First coffee plantation Punjab invaded by 1642 1755 settles territorial Isaac Newton, in Brazil. Afghans. Peace of First English Civil The Lisbon dispute between exploring theories 1728 Aix-la-Chapelle: War War begins. earthquake, one Russia and China. of light. Marathas defeat of Austrian Succession 1644 of the deadliest William and Mary joint 1707 Nizam of Hyderabad, ended. Manchu conquest in history: between Protestant monarchs Death of Aurangzeb India. Vitus Bering 1749 of China and 60,000 and 100,000 of England. Protestant heralds decline of begins Russian Rise to prominence of establishment of Qing people killed. Grand Alliance formed Mughal India. exploration of Alaska. Mysore Kingdom in dynasty. Abel Tasman to counter Louis XIV. south India. maps north and west Peter I becomes ruler coasts of Australia. of Russia.  Drawing of slave ship  Lloyd’s list

222 223