BANGLADESH Last Updated: 2007-08-09

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration

Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)

Prevalence (%) Reference Notes Age Sample Mean SD Level Date Location and sample descriptor Sex (years) size Current Previous X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 < 1.05 XN XN General Line N 2005 -2006 National rural: Pre-SAC: Total B 1.50-4.99 51663 0.04 5473 * National rural: NPW: Total F NS 59007 0.33 Pre-SAC: Urban: Total B 1.50-4.99 6978 0.04 NPW: Urban: Total F NS 8494 0.13 Pre-SAC by urban division: Barisal B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.29 Pre-SAC by urban division: Chittagong B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban division: Dhaka B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban division: Khulna B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban division: Rajshahi B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban division: Sylhet B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.12 Pre-SAC by rural division: Barisal B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.03 Pre-SAC by rural division: Chittagong B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.01 Pre-SAC by rural division: Chittagong Hill Tracts B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.07 Pre-SAC by rural division: Dhaka B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.04 Pre-SAC by rural division: Khulna B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.01 Pre-SAC by rural division: Rajshahi B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.03 Pre-SAC by rural division: Sylhet B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.18 NPW by urban division: Barisal F NS NS 0.23 NPW by urban division: Chittagong F NS NS 0.24 NPW by urban division: Dhaka F NS NS 0.03 NPW by urban division: Khulna F NS NS 0.35 NPW by urban division: Rajshahi F NS NS 0.12 NPW by urban division: Sylhet F NS NS 0.00 NPW by rural division: Barisal F NS NS 0.25 NPW by rural division: Chittagong F NS NS 0.05 NPW by rural division: Chittagong Hill Tracts F NS NS 0.10 NPW by rural division: Dhaka F NS NS 0.19 NPW by rural division: Khulna F NS NS 0.07 NPW by rural division: Rajshahi F NS NS 0.63 NPW by rural division: Sylhet F NS NS 1.01

N 2004 -2005 National rural: Pre-SAC: Total B 1.50-4.99 51936 0.07 5203 * National rural: NPW: Total F NS 58992 0.39 Pre-SAC by urban division: Barisal B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban division: Chittagong B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.07 Pre-SAC by urban division: Dhaka B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban division: Khulna B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban division: Rajshahi B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00

© WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration

BANGLADESH Last Updated: 2007-08-09

Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)

Prevalence (%) Reference Notes Age Sample Mean SD Level Date Location and sample descriptor Sex (years) size Current Previous X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 < 1.05 XN XN General Line

N 2004 -2005 Pre-SAC by urban division: Sylhet B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.12 5203 Pre-SAC by rural division: Barisal B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.01 Pre-SAC by rural division: Chittagong B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.09 Pre-SAC by rural division: Chittagong Hill Tracts B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.05 Pre-SAC by rural division: Dhaka B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.04 Pre-SAC by rural division: Khulna B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.01 Pre-SAC by rural division: Rajshahi B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.08 Pre-SAC by rural division: Sylhet B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.23 NPW by urban division: Barisal F NS NS 0.94 NPW by urban division: Chittagong F NS NS 0.24 NPW by urban division: Dhaka F NS NS 0.03 NPW by urban division: Khulna F NS NS 0.00 NPW by urban division: Rajshahi F NS NS 0.12 NPW by urban division: Sylhet F NS NS 0.37 NPW by rural division: Barisal F NS NS 0.22 NPW by rural division: Chittagong F NS NS 0.05 NPW by rural division: Chittagong Hill Tracts F NS NS 0.24 NPW by rural division: Dhaka F NS NS 0.24 NPW by rural division: Khulna F NS NS 0.00 NPW by rural division: Rajshahi F NS NS 0.78 NPW by rural division: Sylhet F NS NS 1.05

N 2004 National: Women: Total F 10.00-49.99 5416 6.50 5206 * 1 Women by age F 10.00-19.99 1628 4.80 2 Women by age F 20.00-24.99 1754 5.70 3 Women by age F 25.00-29.99 1078 7.50 4 Women by age F 30.00-34.99 611 8.40 5 Women by age F 35.00-49.99 344 11.60 6 Women by area: Urban F 10.00-49.99 1123 4.20 7 Women by area: Rural F 10.00-49.99 4293 7.10 8 Women by division: Barisal F 10.00-49.99 333 8.50 9 Women by division: Chittagong F 10.00-49.99 1115 5.10 10 Women by division: Dhaka F 10.00-49.99 1677 5.50 11 Women by division: Khulna F 10.00-49.99 607 7.10 12 Women by division: Rajshahi F 10.00-49.99 1285 6.70 13 Women by division: Sylhet F 10.00-49.99 400 11.20 14

N 2003 -2004 National rural: Pre-SAC: Total B 1.50-4.99 51789 0.13 5163 *

BANGLADESH Last Updated: 2007-08-09

Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)

Prevalence (%) Reference Notes Age Sample Mean SD Level Date Location and sample descriptor Sex (years) size Current Previous X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 < 1.05 XN XN General Line

N 2003 -2004 National rural: NPW: Total F NS 58337 0.50 5163 Pre-SAC by urban division: Barisal B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban division: Chittagong B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban division: Dhaka B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban division: Khulna B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.14 Pre-SAC by urban division: Rajshahi B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban division: Sylhet B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.38 Pre-SAC by rural division: Barisal B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.11 Pre-SAC by rural division: Chittagong B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.05 Pre-SAC by rural division: Chittagong Hill Tracts B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.17 Pre-SAC by rural division: Dhaka B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.10 Pre-SAC by rural division: Khulna B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.04 Pre-SAC by rural division: Rajshahi B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.17 Pre-SAC by rural division: Sylhet B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.46 NPW by urban division: Barisal B NS NS 0.71 NPW by urban division: Chittagong F NS NS 0.90 NPW by urban division: Dhaka F NS NS 0.03 NPW by urban division: Khulna F NS NS 0.24 NPW by urban division: Rajshahi F NS NS 0.35 NPW by urban division: Sylhet F NS NS 0.51 NPW by rural division: Barisal F NS NS 0.13 NPW by rrural division: Chittagong F NS NS 0.10 NPW by rural division: Chittagong Hill Tracts F NS NS 0.58 NPW by rural division: Dhaka F NS NS 0.24 NPW by rural division: Khulna F NS NS 0.50 NPW by rural division: Rajshahi F NS NS 0.99 NPW by rural division: Sylhet F NS NS 0.94

N 2002 -2003 National rural: Pre-SAC B 1.50-4.99 36474 0.37 4572 * National rural: NPW F NS 41703 0.63 Pre-SAC by urban division: Dhaka B 1.50-4.99 2865 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban division: Khulna B 1.50-4.99 1467 0.68 Pre-SAC by urban division: Chittagong B 1.50-4.99 1595 0.25 NPW by urban division: Dhaka B NS 3570 0.06 NPW by urban division: Khulna F NS 1890 0.33 NPW by urban division: Chittagong F NS 1727 0.23

LU 2002 Mirpur: Pre-SAC/SAC B 3.00-7.99 579 2.6 31.380.2 0.84 0.27 4328 *

BANGLADESH Last Updated: 2007-08-09

Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)

Prevalence (%) Reference Notes Age Sample Mean SD Level Date Location and sample descriptor Sex (years) size Current Previous X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 < 1.05 XN XN General Line

NR 2002 National rual: Women: Total F NS 19117 1.34 4397 * Women by sub-district: Atpara F NS 796 0.25 Women by sub-district: Chauddagram F NS 861 0.00 Women by sub-district: Cox's Bazar F NS 860 0.23 Women by sub-district: Debhata F NS 735 0.14 Women by sub-district: Fakirhat F NS 801 0.12 Women by sub-district: Fenchuganj F NS 783 3.45 Women by sub-district: Gangni F NS 712 7.30 Women by sub-district: Habiganj Sadar F NS 839 0.48 Women by sub-district: Hathazari F NS 846 0.12 Women by sub-district: Jamalganj F NS 891 0.45 Women by sub-district: Jamalpur Sadar F NS 838 1.67 Women by sub-district: Kaligonj F NS 774 0.52 Women by sub-district: Kaunia F NS 815 5.28 Women by sub-district: Lalmohan F NS 836 0.00 Women by sub-district: Nabinagar F NS 866 0.23 Women by sub-district: Naogaon Sadar F NS 750 1.60 Women by sub-district: Patharghata F NS 732 0.96 Women by sub-district: Patuakhali Sadar F NS 685 0.15 Women by sub-district: Pirgonj F NS 847 1.65 Women by sub-district: Rajapur F NS 704 1.42 Women by sub-district: Serajdikhan F NS 735 0.14 Women by sub-district: Shahjadpur F NS 778 6.68 Women by sub-district: Sreemangal F NS 859 0.35 Women by sub-district: Sreepur F NS 774 0.00

N 2001 -2002 National rural: Pre-SAC: Total B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.21 4398 * National rural: NPW: Total F NS NS 0.40 Pre-SAC by rural division: Barisal B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.27 Pre-SAC by rural division: Chittagong B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.05 Pre-SAC by rural division: Dhaka B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.15 Pre-SAC by rural division: Khulna B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.28 Pre-SAC by rural division: Rajshahi B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.26 Pre-SAC by rural division: Sylhet B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.56 Pre-SAC by urban city: Chittagong B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban city: Dhaka B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.00 Pre-SAC by urban city: Khulna B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.06

BANGLADESH Last Updated: 2007-08-09

Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)

Prevalence (%) Reference Notes Age Sample Mean SD Level Date Location and sample descriptor Sex (years) size Current Previous X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 < 1.05 XN XN General Line

N 2001 -2002 NPW by rural division: Barisal F NS NS 0.26 4398 NPW by rural division: Chittagong F NS NS 0.11 NPW by rural division: Dhaka F NS NS 0.18 NPW by rural division: Khulna F NS NS 0.52 NPW by rural division: Rajshah F NS NS 0.77 NPW by rural division: Sylhet F NS NS 0.44 NPW by urban city: Chittagong F NS NS 0.20 NPW by urban city: Dhaka F NS NS 0.00 NPW by urban city: Khulna F NS NS 0.39

R 2000 Chittagong Hill Tracts: Pre-SAC B 1.50-4.99 NS 0.40 5162 * Chittagong Hill Tracts: NPW B NS NS 1.10

NR 2000 National rural: Pre-SAC: February B 1.50-4.99 7127 0.51 5248a * National rural: Pre-SAC: April B 1.50-4.99 7261 0.25 National rural: Pre-SAC: June B 1.50-4.99 7352 0.07 National rural: Pre-SAC: August B 1.50-4.99 7515 0.17 National rural: Pre-SAC: October B 1.50-4.99 7380 0.18 National rural: Pre-SAC: December B 1.50-4.99 7388 0.19

L 2000 Dhaka city: Adolescents: Total M 11.00-16.99 381 1.5 22.0 5573 * 15 Adolescents by age M 11.00-13.99 200 1.32 0.35 Adolescents by age M 14.00-16.99 181 1.39 0.40

NR 1999 National rural: Pre-SAC: Total B 0.50-4.99 43199 0.30 3300 * 16 Pre-SAC by round: February B 1.50-4.99 6266 0.69 Pre-SAC by round: April B 1.50-4.99 6179 0.28 Pre-SAC by round: June B 1.50-4.99 6237 0.26 Pre-SAC by round: August B 1.50-4.99 6267 0.05 Pre-SAC by round: October B 1.50-4.99 6218 0.19 Pre-SAC by round: December B 1.50-4.99 6174 0.13

L 1999 Dhaka city: LW: Total F 17.00-37.99 120 13.337.0 1.21 0.42 3798 * 17 LW by age F 17.00-19.99 17 1.07 0.30 LW by age F 20.00-29.99 79 1.19 0.46 LW by age F 30.00-37.99 24 1.38 0.48

L 1998 Dhaka city: Adolescents by group: Placebo F 14.00-19.99 71 73.0 0.88 0.33 1490 *

BANGLADESH Last Updated: 2007-08-09

Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)

Prevalence (%) Reference Notes Age Sample Mean SD Level Date Location and sample descriptor Sex (years) size Current Previous X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 < 1.05 XN XN General Line

L 1998 Dhaka city: Adolescents by group: Vitamin A F 14.00-19.99 67 73.0 0.89 0.27 1490 Dhaka city: Adolescents by group: Iron and folic aci F 14.00-19.99 74 70.0 0.88 0.28 Dhaka city: Adolescents by group: Iron, folic acid, a F 14.00-19.99 77 66.0 0.96 0.29

L 1998 Northwestern Bangladesh: SAC B 6.00-12.99 159 20.0 70.0 0.93 0.25 2010 * L 1998 Dhaka city: PW F 20.00-30.99 383 8.645.0 1.10 0.32 4602 * 18 NR 1998 National rural: Pre-SAC: Total B 1.00-4.99 43664 0.51 809 * Pre-SAC by division: Barisal B 1.00-4.99 7371 0.26 Pre-SAC by division: Chittagong B 1.00-4.99 7981 0.50 Pre-SAC by division: Dhaka B 1.00-4.99 7143 0.20 Pre-SAC by division: Khulna B 1.00-4.99 7102 0.38 Pre-SAC by division: Rajshahi B 1.00-4.99 6844 0.96 Pre-SAC by division: Sylhet B 1.00-4.99 7683 0.83

LR 1997 -1999 Pre-SAC: Total B 2.00-6.07 1302 2.5 19.6 55.4 1.00 0.40 5808 * Pre-SAC by gender F 2.00-6.07 NS 3.2 21.8 56.4 1.00 0.40 Pre-SAC by gender M 2.00-6.07 NS 1.4 16.754.2 1.10 0.40

NR 1997 -1998 National rural: Pre-SAC: Total B 0.50-4.99 26826 0.24 0.01 0.06 3900 * 19 National rural: Pre-SAC: Total B 1.00-4.99 23435 0.62 National rural: Women: Total F NS 23025 2.20 National rural: Women: Total F NS 23679 6.80 20 Pre-SAC by age B 1.00-1.99 6193 0.15 Pre-SAC by age B 2.00-2.99 6209 0.51 Pre-SAC by age B 3.00-3.99 5611 0.82 Pre-SAC by age B 4.00-4.99 5348 1.08 Pre-SAC by division: Barisal B 1.00-4.99 1790 0.70 Pre-SAC by division: Chittagong B 1.00-4.99 4916 0.40 Pre-SAC by division: Dhaka B 1.00-4.99 5916 0.90 Pre-SAC by division: Khulna B 1.00-4.99 2973 0.30 Pre-SAC by division: Rajashahi B 1.00-4.99 5782 0.60 Pre-SAC by division: Sylhet B 1.00-4.99 2038 0.70 Women by physiological status: NPNLW F NS 6493 1.70 Women by physiological status: PW F NS 2434 2.70 Women by physiological status: LW F NS 13984 2.40 National rural: Pre-SAC: Total B 0.50-4.99 1136 1.8 21.774.2 0.89

BANGLADESH Last Updated: 2007-08-09

Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)

Prevalence (%) Reference Notes Age Sample Mean SD Level Date Location and sample descriptor Sex (years) size Current Previous X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 < 1.05 XN XN General Line

NR 1997 -1998 National rural: SAC B 6.00-11.99 315 0.6 21.6 74.3 0.91 3900 21 National rural: Adolescents F 12.00-16.99 189 1.6 11.6 46.6 1.10 22 National rural: NPNLW F NS 380 1.1 4.829.5 1.33 National: PW F NS 118 0.8 23.749.2 1.04 National rural: LW F NS 687 1.0 14.345.9 1.18 Pre-SAC by age B 0.50-0.99 52 1.9 26.9 Pre-SAC by age B 1.00-1.99 158 1.3 26.6 Pre-SAC by age B 2.00-2.99 231 1.3 22.9 Pre-SAC by age B 3.00-3.99 313 1.9 21.7 Pre-SAC by age B 4.00-4.99 382 2.1 18.3 Pre-SAC by sub-district: Bera B 0.50-4.99 113 22.1 0.88 23 Pre-SAC by sub-district: Bhaluka B 0.50-4.99 103 13.6 0.97 24 Pre-SAC by sub-district: Chandanish B 0.50-4.99 127 22.0 0.89 25 Pre-SAC by sub-district: Chitilmari B 0.50-4.99 114 17.5 0.96 26 Pre-SAC by sub-district: Chunarghat B 0.50-4.99 115 31.3 0.82 27 Pre-SAC by sub-district: Goshairhat B 0.50-4.99 103 30.1 0.79 28 Pre-SAC by sub-district: Kaliorkor B 0.50-4.99 115 7.8 0.97 29 Pre-SAC by sub-district: Lakshmipur Sadar B 0.50-4.99 122 27.9 0.84 30 Pre-SAC by sub-district: Narail Sadar B 0.50-4.99 115 15.7 0.95 31 Pre-SAC by sub-district: Saghatta B 0.50-4.99 109 29.4 0.82 32

NR 1997 National rural: Pre-SAC: February B 1.50-4.99 12382 0.74 5147 * National rural: Pre-SAC: April B 1.50-4.99 12531 0.77 National rural: Pre-SAC: June B 1.50-4.99 12852 0.54

L 1996 -1997 Rupganj Thana Narayanganj district: Adolescents B 10.00-17.99 906 1740 * 33 NR 1996 National rural: Pre-SAC: February B 1.50-4.99 9712 0.64 5146 * National rural: Pre-SAC: April B 1.50-4.99 10029 0.82 National rural: Pre-SAC: June B 1.50-4.99 10293 0.46 National rural: Pre-SAC: August B 1.50-4.99 10827 0.63 National rural: Pre-SAC: October B 1.50-4.99 12794 1.15 National rural: Pre-SAC: December B 1.50-4.99 12675 0.59

L 1995 -1996 Dhaka city: Adolescents F 12.00-19.99 388 14.2 56.2 1.04 0.34 3793 * 34 NR 1995 National rural: Pre-SAC: February B 1.50-4.99 11032 1.07 5145 * National rural: Pre-SAC: April B 1.50-4.99 11174 1.00

BANGLADESH Last Updated: 2007-08-09

Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)

Prevalence (%) Reference Notes Age Sample Mean SD Level Date Location and sample descriptor Sex (years) size Current Previous X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 < 1.05 XN XN General Line

NR 1995 National rural: Pre-SAC: June B 1.50-4.99 11124 0.87 5145 National rural: Pre-SAC: August B 1.50-4.99 10973 0.65 National rural: Pre-SAC: October B 1.50-4.99 13840 1.02 National rural: Pre-SAC: December B 1.50-4.99 14112 0.69

NR 1994 National rural: Pre-SAC: February B 1.50-4.99 5881 0.70 5144 * National rural: Pre-SAC: April B 1.50-4.99 7886 1.01 National rural: Pre-SAC: June B 1.50-4.99 7874 0.98 National rural: Pre-SAC: August B 1.50-4.99 7839 0.75 National rural: Pre-SAC: October B 1.50-4.99 11000 1.58 National rural: Pre-SAC: December B 1.50-4.99 10973 1.45

LR 1994 Matlab thana: LW by supplementation group: Beta- F NS 35 1.56 0.71 5183 * Matlab thana: LW by supplementation group: Place F NS 35 1.68 0.53 Matlab thana: LW by supplementation group: Vitami F NS 36 1.79 0.60

L 1993 -1994 Dhaka city: Women F 20.00-30.99 151 32.5 1.33 2333 * 35 NR 1993 National rural: Pre-SAC: February B 1.50-4.99 5622 0.80 5143 * National rural: Pre-SAC: April B 1.50-4.99 5576 0.93 National rural: Pre-SAC: June B 1.50-4.99 5425 0.72 National rural: Pre-SAC: August B 1.50-4.99 5342 0.79 National rural: Pre-SAC: October B 1.50-4.99 5701 1.53 National rural: Pre-SAC: December B 1.50-4.99 5908 1.10

L 1992 Dhaka city: Adolescents F 12.00-15.99 225 11.0 1.43 0.34 3874 * 36 NR 1992 National rural: Pre-SAC: February B 1.50-4.99 4313 0.77 5142 * National rural: Pre-SAC: April B 1.50-4.99 4751 1.03 National rural: Pre-SAC: June B 1.50-4.99 4787 0.56 National rural: Pre-SAC: August B 1.50-4.99 5125 0.84 National rural: Pre-SAC: October B 1.50-4.99 4932 1.16 National rural: Pre-SAC: December B 1.50-4.99 5727 1.62

NR 1991 National rural: Pre-SAC: February B 1.50-4.99 4445 0.65 805 * National rural: Pre-SAC: April B 1.50-4.99 5089 0.67 National rural: Pre-SAC: June B 1.50-4.99 4782 0.71 National rural: Pre-SAC: August B 1.50-4.99 3422 0.58

BANGLADESH Last Updated: 2007-08-09

Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)

Prevalence (%) Reference Notes Age Sample Mean SD Level Date Location and sample descriptor Sex (years) size Current Previous X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 < 1.05 XN XN General Line

NR 1991 National rural: Pre-SAC: October B 1.50-4.99 3802 0.87 805 National rural: Pre-SAC: December B 1.50-4.99 4153 0.94

LU 1990 Dhaka city: SAC B 5.00-12.99 230 4.3 20.0 2257 * NR 1990 National rural: Pre-SAC: June B 1.50-4.99 3194 1.44 5248b * National rural: Pre-SAC: August B 1.50-4.99 3678 0.87 National rural: Pre-SAC: October B 1.50-4.99 3674 0.95 National rural: Pre-SAC: December B 1.50-4.99 4413 0.97

D 1986 Ranjpure district: Pre-SAC/SAC B 0.00-8.99 3040 3.55 300 * N 1982 -1983 National: Pre-SAC: Total B 0.25-5.99 22335 3.50 1.00 0.27 2153 * 37 Pre-SAC by area: Urban B 0.25-5.99 3675 2.80 1.60 0.35 38 Pre-SAC by area: Rural B 0.25-5.99 18660 3.60 0.90 0.25 39

NR 1975 -1976 National rural: Pre-SAC B 0.00-4.99 478 1.30 0.00 0.00 5178 * National rural: SAC by sex F 5.00-14.99 528 0.60 0.20 0.00 National rural: SAC by sex M 5.00-14.99 585 3.80 2.90 0.50 National rural: NPNLW F 15.00-NS 686 0.00 0.00 0.00 National rural: PW/LW F 15.00-NS 278 0.00 0.00 0.00 National rural: Men M 15.00-NS 741 0.10 0.30 0.30

Reference No: 5473 General notes: Survey includes two data sets, one for rural and another for urban. Six rounds of data collected during study period to cover all seasons. Rural survey stratified multi-stage cluster sampling, representative at divisional and national levels for rural Bangladesh. Rural sample comprised of 28 sub-districts, 4 in each of 6 divisions and the Chittagong Hill Tracts, covering 10 500 households per round. Urban sample comprised of six urban slum cities (Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi and Sylhet), covering 1500 households per round, selected by two-stage cluster sampling. Urban slum households not randomly selected and urban data is not nationally representative of all urban slums in Bangladesh. Local term for night blindness used (rat kana).

Reference No: 5203 General notes: Survey includes two data sets, one for rural and another for urban. Six rounds of data collected during study period to cover all seasons. Rural survey stratified multi-stage cluster sampling, representative at divisional and national levels for rural Bangladesh. Rural sample comprised of 28 sub-districts, 4 in each of 6 divisions and the Chittagong Hill Tracts, covering 10 500 households per round. Urban sample comprised of six urban slum cities (Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi and Sylhet), covering 1500 households per round, selected by two-stage cluster sampling. Urban slum households not randomly selected and urban data is not nationally representative of all urban slums in Bangladesh. Night blindness defined as difficulty seeing and moving around when there is insufficient light with no sight defect in daylight. Reference No: 5206 General notes: Two-stage cluster sampling based on 2001 census. Sample comprised of 361 primary sampling units (122 in urban areas and 239 in rural areas), selected to provide 30 households from each unit. Previous XN is XN during the most recent pregnancy with a live birth during the previous 5 years preceding the survey. Note 1 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 3.10% Note 2 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.10% Note 3 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 3.00% Note 4 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 3.70% Note 5 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 4.10% Note 6 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 4.90% Note 7 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.80% Note 8 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 3.50% Note 9 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 3.70% Note 10 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.70% Note 11 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.70% Note 12 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 4.10% Note 13 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.80% Note 14 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 7.50% Reference No: 5163 General notes: Survey includes two data sets, one for rural and another for urban. Six rounds of data collected during study period to cover all seasons. Rural survey stratified multi-stage cluster sampling, representative at divisional and national levels for rural Bangladesh. Rural sample comprised of 28 sub-districts, 4 in each of 6 divisions and the Chittagong Hill Tracts, covering 10 500 households per round. Urban sample comprised of six urban slum cities (Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi and Sylhet), covering 1500 households per round, selected by two-stage cluster sampling. Urban slum households not randomly selected and urban data is not nationally representative of all urban slums in Bangladesh. Maternal night blindness defined as difficulty seeing and moving around when there is insufficient light with no other sight defect.

Reference No: 4572 General notes: Survey includes two data sets, one for rural and another for urban. Five rounds of data collected during study period (one round missed due to lack of funding). Rural survey stratified multi-stage cluster sampling, representative at national level for rural Bangladesh. Rural sample comprised of 24 sub-districts, 4 in each of 6 divisions, covering 9000 households per round. Rural survey excluded Chittagong Hill Tracts area, sampled separately and reported in reference No. 5162. Urban sample comprised of three urban slum cities (Chittagong, Dhaka and Khulna), covering 1500 households per round, selected by two-stage cluster sampling. Urban data is not nationally representative of all urban slums in Bangladesh. Night blindness assessed by asking mother whether she or her child have difficulty seeing and therefore moving around when there is insufficient light, with verification by fieldworkers that it was not due to any other sight defect. Reference No: 4328 General notes: Study comprised of apparently healthy children from an urban slum in Mirpur (4 neighboring camps selected) a suburb of Dhaka. Children exluded if they received a vitamin A capsule in previous 6 months, severely undernourished, or had serious illness (including clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency, measles and tuberculosis). Reference No: 4397 General notes: Data collected on maternal night blindness during most recent full-term pregnancy in last 3 years in 24 rural sub-districts (upazila). Exact prevalence data received by personal communication. Similar data reported in reference No. 4572, collected at same time and in same population as present survey. Reference No. 4572 provides data on current night blindness. Present survey assessed history of night blindness during a previous pregnancy. Reference No: 4398 General notes: Survey includes two data sets, one for rural and another for urban. Six rounds of data collected during study period to cover all seasons. Rural survey stratified multi-stage cluster sampling, representative at divisional and national levels for rural Bangladesh. Rural sample comprised of 24 sub-districts, 4 in each of 6 divisions, covering 9000 households per round. Rural survey excluded Chittagong Hill Tracts area. Urban households selected from NGO working areas in three urban slum cities (Chittagong, Dhaka and Khulna). Convenience sampling used until October 2001 (round 70) to select 1400 households per round. Beginning December 2001 (round 71), two-stage cluster sampling used to select slums from each urban slum site and covered 1500 households per round. Urban data not nationally representative of all urban slums in Bangladesh. Local term for night blindness used (raat kana). Reference No: 5162 General notes: Multi-stage stratified sampling. Sample comprised of 1760 households from 3 districts in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, which suffered civil conflict between 1973-1997. This area is different in geography, ethnic composition, agricultural, dietary and cultural practices than the rest of Bangladesh. First survey of this area after peace. The area added to the nutritional surveillance project to represent rural Bangladesh beginning in 2003. Same survey reported in reference No. 4572, supplement six. Reference No: 5248a General notes: Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling used to provide data representative at divisional and national levels. Data collected every two months. Sample comprised of 24 sub-districts, 4 in each of 6 divisions, covering 9000 households per round. Access to Chittagong Hill Tracts restricted and therefore households in this area not included. Exact prevalence data and sample sizes received by personal communication. Reference No: 5573 General notes: Multi-stage sampling. Facility-based study of students from 10 government high schools in Dhaka city. Note 15 Median: 1.30 µmol/L

Reference No: 3300 General notes: Stratified multi-stage PPS cluster sampling used to provide data representative at divisional and national levels. Data collected every two months. Sample comprised of 24 sub-districts, 4 in each of 6 divisions, covering 7200 households per round. Access to Chittagong Hill Tracts restricted and therefore households in this area were not included. Data for individual rounds obtained from reference No. 5149. Note that pre-SAC total is for all children aged 0.50-4.99 years and data for individual rounds for children aged 1.50-4.99 years only. Exact prevalence data and sample sizes for individual rounds received by personal communication. The year the survey was completed is January 2000. Note 16 XN prevalence : "approximately 0.30%"

Reference No: 3798 General notes: Sample of women from poor urban communities attending local maternal and child health clinics in Dhaka city for immunisation of their children. Every third woman attending clinic randomly selected on each immunisation day. Serum retinol concentrations converted from µg/mL to µmol/L.

Note 17 Median: 1.17 µmol/L

Reference No: 1490 General notes: Subjects included in the study postmenarcheal and non-pregnant teenagers working in garment factories in Dhaka city. Baseline data for supplementation trial. Data provided by group prior to supplementation. Reference No: 2010 General notes: Sample comprised of primary school children from grades 3-5 at one rural school in Panghargar district and another in Thakurgaon district, northwestern Bangladesh. Survey carried out as part of supplemental feeding study. Reference No: 4602 General notes: Simple random sampling from maternal and child health centre, Dhaka city. Subjects PW of 20-30 weeks gestation from poor urban communities. Serum retinol concentrations converted from µg/dL to µmol/L. Note 18 Median: 1.09 µmol/L Reference No: 809 General notes: Stratified multi-stage PPS cluster sampling used to provide data representative at divisional and national levels. Data collected every two months. Sample comprised of 24 sub-districts, 4 in each of 6 divisions, covering 7200 households per round. Access to Chittagong Hill Tract restricted and therefore households in this are not included. Data for individual rounds provided in reference No. 5148.

Reference No: 5808 General notes: Multi-stage random sampling of 8 sub-districts in rural areas where a home-gardening program had been in operation for 2 or more years, with 1 082 households in 42 villages were surveyed. Reference No: 3900 General notes: Multi-stage PPS sampling. Sample excluded Chittagong Hill Tracts due to inaccessibility. Sample comprised 30 households within each of 20 mauzas within each of 40 sub-districts in rural Bangladesh. Total sample comprised 23 984 households from 800 clusters. 10 of 40 sub-districts selected for serum retinol measurement. Subsample for serum retinol is nationally representative. Samples of adolescent girls and SAC included only those present in household at time of interview, therefore may be biased towards non school-attending children. Sampling frame not designed to be representative at divisional level. Note 19 Combined prevalence (X3A, X3B): 0.01%

Note 20 Previous XN is during most recent pregnancy.

Note 21 Median: 0.91 µmol/L Note 22 Median: 1.06 µmol/L

Note 23 Division: Rajashi Note 24 Division: Dhaka Note 25 Division: Chittagong Note 26 Division: Khulna Note 27 Division: Sylhet Note 28 Division: Dhaka Note 29 Division: Dhaka Note 30 Division: Chittagong

Note 31 Division: Khulna Note 32 Division: Rajashi Reference No: 5147 General notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling used to select 500 children from each selected sub-district in rural areas. Sub-districts chosen either because vulnerable to natural disasters or because representative of one of six divisions of Bangladesh. Data generally collected every two months in February, April, June, August, October and December to coincide with six seasons in Bangladesh. However, a break in data collection occurred from August to December 1997 when a National Vitamin A Survey was conducted. Exact prevalence data and sample sizes received by personal communication.

Reference No: 1740 General notes: Sample comprised 803 households in 4 villages (Baruna, Naora, Gutulia and Pubergaon) selected from Rupganj Thana administrative unit. Area purposely selected because economically disadvantaged and villages selected from most economically deprived areas in the unit. Study designed to assess nutritional status of adolescents. Note 33 Combined prevalence (X1A, X1B): 2.10% Reference No: 5146 General notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling. Sub-districts chosen either because vulnerable to natural disasters or because representative of one of six divisions of Bangladesh. Sample comprised of 25 villages (20 children per village) randomly selected from each union (administrative level below sub-district), with half of the unions in each sub-district chosen. Data collected every two months in February, April, June, August, October and December to coincide with six seasons in Bangladesh. Exact prevalence data and sample sizes received by personal communication.

Reference No: 3793 General notes: Sample comprised of adolescent girls working at 10 garment factories in Dhaka city. Simple random sampling of approximately 40 girls from each factory. Note 34 Median: 0.99 µmol/L Reference No: 5145 General notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling. Sub-districts chosen either because vulnerable to natural disasters or because representative of one of six divisions of Bangladesh. Sample comprised of 25 villages (20 children per village) randomly selected from each union (administrative level below sub-district), with half of the unions in each sub-district chosen. Data collected every two months in February, April, June, August, October and December to coincide with the six seasons in Bangladesh. Exact prevalence data and sample sizes received by personal communication.

Reference No: 5144 General notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling. Sub-districts chosen either because vulnerable to natural disasters or because representative of one of six divisions of Bangladesh. Sample comprised of 25 villages (20 children per village) randomly selected from each union (administrative level below sub-district), with half of the unions in each sub-district chosen. Data collected every two months in February, April, June, August, October and December to coincide with six seasons in Bangladesh. Exact prevalence data and sample sizes received by personal communication. Reference No: 5183 General notes: Baseline data for intervention trial to assess impact of maternal vitamin A or beta-carotene supplmentation on maternal and infant nutrition. Sample comprised of women registered with the Maternal Child Health Family Planning project at the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Center in Matlab thana who delivered a live birth and agreed to participate. Reference No: 2333 General notes: Sample comprised of women with normal deliveries from poor urban communitites who delivered at Maternal and Child Health Training Institute, Dhaka. Blood samples taken from mothers at delivery. Serum retinol concentrations converted from µg/mL to µmol/L. Note 35 Median: 1.21 µmol/L

Reference No: 5143 General notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling. Sub-districts chosen either because vulnerable to natural disasters or because representative of one of six divisions of Bangladesh. Sample comprised of 25 villages (20 children per village) randomly selected from each union (administrative level below sub-district), with half of the unions in each sub-district chosen. Data collected every two months in February, April, June, August, October and December to coincide with six seasons in Bangladesh. Exact prevalence data and sample sizes received by personal communication.

Reference No: 3874 General notes: Sample comprised of girls from 4 high schools in Dhaka selected to be representative of the geographical distribution of schools in the city. Note 36 Median: 1.38 µmol/L Reference No: 5142 General notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling. Sub-districts chosen either because vulnerable to natural disasters or because representative of one of six divisions of Bangladesh. Sample comprised of 25 villages (20 children per village) randomly selected from each union (administrative level below sub-district), with half of the unions in each sub-district chosen. Data collected every two months in February, April, June, August, October and December to coincide with six seasons in Bangladesh. Exact prevalence data and sample sizes received by personal communication.

Reference No: 805 General notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling. Sub-districts chosen either because vulnerable to natural disasters or because representative of one of six divisions of Bangladesh. Sample comprised of 25 villages (20 children per village) randomly selected from each union (administrative level below sub-district), with half of the unions in each sub-district chosen. Data collected every two months in February, April, June, August, October and December to coincide with six seasons in Bangladesh. Exact prevalence data and sample sizes received by personal communication. Reference No: 2257 General notes: Facility-based study of children attending five schools around Dhaka University campus. Three schools from affluent areas, two schools from poorer areas. Study excluded poorest sector of population which does not attend school. Reference No: 5248b General notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling. Sub-districts chosen either because vulnerable to natural disasters or because representative of one of six divisions of Bangladesh. Sample comprised of 25 villages (20 children per village) randomly selected from each union (administrative level below sub-district), with half of the unions in each sub-district chosen. Data collected every two months from June to December. Exact prevalence data and sample sizes received by personal communication Reference No: 300 General notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling. Baseline data for intervention study with nutrition education. 3 of 7 sub-districts in Ranjpure district selected. One 'union' from each of the 3 sub-districts selected. Ranjpure district previously identified as high risk area for vitamin A deficiency. Reference also presents data on follow-up after intervetion in 1989. Reference No. 2957 presents data after a three year post-intervention follow-up in 1992. Reference No: 2153 General notes: Bangladesh Nutritional Blindness Study. Survey carried out around time of main harvest. Survey covered 83 rural and 17 urban slum sites. Steep increase of prevalence of XN with age in rural areas, from 0.53% at 1 year to 6.66% at 5 years. Same data reported in references No. 110, 290 and 2144. Note 37 Combined prevalence (X2, X3): 0.11% Note 38 Combined prevalence (X2, X3): 0.16% Note 39 Combined prevalence (X2, X3): 0.10% Reference No: 5178 General notes: Multi-stage PPS cluster sampling. Sample comprised of 60 households in 1-2 villages in each of 3 census circles randomly selected in each of 4 divisions (Chittagong, Dacca, Khulna and Rajshahi).

Reference 300 Hussain A, Kvale G, Ali K, Bhuyan AH. Determinants of night blindness in Bangladesh. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1993, 22 :1119-25.

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Reference 809 Helen Keller International, Institute of Public Health. 1998 NSP annual report: national and divisional trends among children and households in rural Bangladesh. 1999.

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