Symposium Proceedings – Summaries & Abstracts ‘Restoration and development of tsunami affected areas in ’ ______

Role and Impact of International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Society (IFRC) and International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC) especially German Red Cross (GRC) on the Island of , Indonesia

ULRICH WERNER SCHULZE, GRC Delegate, Program Manager Indonesia Tsunami Mission e-mail: [email protected]

Quake happened on Sunday 26th of December 7:59 am OT, Sunda rift close to northwest coast of Sumatra, magnitude 7,9 Richter scale, Tsunami follows shortly reaching Sumatra Island coasts between 15 and 35 minutes

Quake and Tsunami devastated the northern part of Sumatra, affecting coastal populations, property and land for and destroyed areas like: Banda , north Sumatra (the capital of Aceh district – Nangroe Aceh Darusalam – also called as the Balcony of Indonesia); 26 villages around

West coast from north to south along 500 km and 2 km to 6 km wide stretch all beaches and forests including hundreds of villages and some small cities like - Lam-No - - Teunom -

Parts of east coast, which was affected but not totally destroyed, including small cities like: - Sigli and a lot of other small villages

Also devastated and affected but not so much destroyed: 2 small Islands Pulah Weh (Sabang) the north goal to Sumatra and Indonesia and Pulah Breueh; both 1 ship hour north from Banda Aceh.

All streets destroyed in the region of Aceh and west coast, some also at east coast; all bridges are gone with the floods, including harbours and wharfs in Banda Aceh (main harbour), Calang, Teunom, Meulaboh

13 Million hectare of palm wood and mangroves are crestfallen and/or salted. 45 % of Banda Aceh over flooded or destroyed, 30 % totally gone with the floods 57.000 houses destroyed or heavy affected in Band Aceh 51 from 121 schools destroyed 121 from 189 health Centre in Aceh district totally destroyed 2 of 4 big hospitals in Banda Aceh affected and/or destroyed

Most of all ministries and governor buildings were destroyed The one and only swage (purification) in Banda Aceh destroyed and over flooded Smoke and water all overall for more than two weeks

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Victims: 127.000 people died suddenly in north Sumatra - more than 90.000 in Banda Aceh and Aceh district (Nangroe Aceh Darusalam) - 12.000 in Calang - 9.000 in Teunom - 16.000 in Meulaboh

More than 50.000 were injured and/or getting sick More than 37.000 are listed as still missed Over 270.000 lost their homes

Difficult political situation: Civil war in North Sumatra happened since 27 years. The Aceh rebels fought against national Government in Jakarta for independence. But against the background of massive destruction and human displacements, armed conflict and regional discontented. The challenges to coordinate and implement an effective recovery and reconstruction strategy are daunting. In this context, the role of the UN and also of other organisations is to support the recovery and reconstruction programme of the Government on Indonesia specifically as – later on – B-RR well as provincial and local governments.

Rescue and first Aid ICRC, IFRC and lot of national RC Societies also UN started immediately first aid First Input from local people Palang Merah Indonesia – PMI – (Indonesia Red Cross) with more than 15.000 Volunteers between hours

World wide Operation started between 12 hours (Christmas!) leaded by IFRC Bangkok Dept. and Dept.; coordinated by ICRC and IFRC HQ’s Geneva

Head for Germany was Foreign ministry and GRC HQ in Berlin The first time GRC was using its brand new Disaster Logistic Centre in Berlin Between 12 hours 2 ERU and 2 FACT teams started for Indonesia and Sri Lanka (ERU = Emergency Response Unit) (FACT = Field Assessment and Coordination Team)

No chance between the first 2 days to reach north Sumatra The only goal was Medan on Sumatra, half way from Banda Aceh and 1 hour flight from Singapore and/or Jakarta; 1 hour flight to Banda Aceh but there was no regular flight schedule installed because of civil war in Banda Aceh normally only 1 domestic flight per week from Jakarta / Medan to Banda Aceh

Airport Band Aceh open but little bit affected by quake and heavy overloaded for operation like those that started now International flights have to be organized via Medan and Jakarta Difficult Visa -, working permission - and finance regulations at first time

Between 2 weeks 341 different Organisations, NGO and other Agencies within more than 3800 Aid workers coming from all parts of the world reached the devastated Aceh district and the coast lines via Airport Medan and Banda Aceh and Roads

First Aid was installed first by PMI Indonesia Red Cross Society attended by RC Societies of Philippines, Australia and New Zeeland (others of the region has been affected by the disaster themselves)

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Later on 128 different RC/RC-Movement organisations around the world including GRC with a first staff of 21 people were working in Indonesia

Operation Big Lift started immediately, coordinated via RC/RC HQ Geneva Hundreds of flights come in between days German Red Cross started their biggest all time Air bridge At least 41 planes reached disaster Areas in South East Asia 24 Antonow and Illjuschin only for Indonesia reached Medan and Banda Aceh Airport Logistic and Coordination was the main Challenge No problem with cargo stocks A lot of coordination problems because of different rules and regulation in Indonesia A lot of communication problems because the telephone lines were totally destroyed and only some people in Indonesia were able to speak English language especially in the main affected (but totally closed) Aceh district

GRC ERU and FACT Teams started operation first in Banda Aceh Moving immediately to destroyed east coast Sub HQ was installed in the Jungle near Teunom for GRC operations along east coast south and north - French and Spain RC started their operation in Meulaboh; - British, Netherlands. Danish and AmRC operates from Banda Aceh south direction to Calang and Teunom daily coordination meetings were installed; daily reports to PMI and Government Indonesia, also HQ Berlin (Germany)

GRC ERU Team Teunom installed immediately - Field hospital and BHCU (Basic Health Care Units) - Water cleaning systems - Food Security

GRC FACT Team started Assessments for reconstruction and rehabilitation

First long term aid and health activities For more than 6 month the Field hospital serves more than15.000 victims For more than ten month the water cleaning systems serves Teunom area with more than 60.000 and later 40.000 litres of water daily Waste water and sewage system in Banda Aceh

Results of Assessments and Evaluation of GRC FACT and Logistic specialists: There was a budget of a total of 124 Million Euros for this disaster The biggest donation for one disaster ever in Germany

Projects for Indonesia for a budget of a total of 52 Million Euros have been identified within 4 month.

GRC promised to the Government of Indonesia - 158 private Houses on the Island of Pulah We - 6 Basic Health Care Unitis (BHCU) on Pulah We - 6 of 9 schools on Pulah We

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- 2 schools on the Island of Pulah Breueh - 4 BHCU on Pulah Breueh - 6 schools in Banda Aceh (from 34 that have to be reconstructed) - 1 elementary school in Eumpe Awee (near Banda Aceh) - 6 Emergency Centres in Banda Aceh and east Coast - 2 Emergency Centres on West Coast - 1 big Storage Centre and Warehouse at west coast (Calang) - 775 private Houses in Teunom so called as GTZ-GRC Musterhouse (*) special designed by GRC - and local architects for east coast area Sumatra - 825 private Houses in Calang in the same structure, - 11 schools in Teunom Area - 2 schools in Calang - 2 special government meeting Houses in Teunom / Calang - 4 BHCU in Teunom - 4 BCHU in Calang - 1000 wells and boreholes for Teunom and Calang - A not identified Number of small timber and fishing enterprises (*) German Musterhouse should be a special aspect

Activities besides reconstruction: - Last miles activities for a brand new Tsunami early warning system - Volunteers Training over headed by PMI - Basic Care and First Aid Training - Rescue System for Aceh District and Aceh Jaya District, based in Medan - First Aid- and Rescue Centres in this areas - Training in Water- and Hygiene Systems - Education for PMI Volunteers - Installation and develop of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Some typical local Problems: - How to find out Landlords and land register (all land registers has gone in Tsunami) - how to clarify complicated land rights - how to manage the extremely difficult right of law and order - how to manage transport of material what need (steel, wood, stones, brigs, cement, straw and other materials and all machines and engines for construction) - how to manage finance balance for transport and material because of increasing prices - how to fight effectively against corruption and finance miss management - extremely difficulties because of the civil war between GAM and Government military - Delay in some time tables because of time lacks during Ramadan and other holydays, - difficult situation after Monsoon rainfall - the difficult aspects between national and international agencies and organizations

Long term personal activities Since March 2005 in Indonesia 4 construction engineers and 2 Architects are still working for GRC reconstruction activities, based in Banda Aceh and Jakarta; The delegation includes a total of 12 members for the time of expected 5 years

GRC therefore has employed 280 locals as temporary personal by contract.

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Cooperation: All RC/RC-projects were installed under the umbrella of PMI (not the Government)

All projects are developed in close cooperation together with B–RR, the national Indonesia Balang Reconstruction and Rehabilitati Org., also with its financial sector Inkindo-KKI.

Cooperation with all RC/RC Movements for GRC delegates and projects are obligate Special project and working agreements for reconstruction of houses, schools, BHCU and some other reconstruction projects have been signed between GRC and - PMI - AmRC, British RC, Austrian RC, Swiss RC, Danish RC and Norway RC They are working for streets, bridges, electricity and water pipes

Cooperating agreements with UNHCR, UNAID, OCHA (humanitarian Org. of UN)

In Germany all projects are over helmed by - Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Ministry of Development and Cooperation - German Embassy Jakarta and Liaison Office Banda Aceh

They all whish to be informed and want to attend meetings and meetings, and meetings . . .

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